Lesson

Acids and Alkalis

Supplementary Exercise 1

HKDSE Chemistry
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1. For each of the following species, give an example of chemical.

(a) Strong acid

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(b) Weak acid

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(c) Strong alkali

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(d) Weak alkali

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(e) Monobasic acid

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(f) Dibasic acid

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2. For each of the following reactions, (i) give ONE observable change; (ii) write a
chemical equation for the reaction.

(a) Dilute sulphuric acid is added magnesium carbonate powder.

(i) ________________________________________________________________

(ii) ________________________________________________________________

(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to potassium hydrogencarbonate powder.

(i) ________________________________________________________________

(ii) ________________________________________________________________

(c) Sodium hydroxide solution is added to copper(II) sulphate solution drop by drop.

(i) ________________________________________________________________

(ii) ________________________________________________________________
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3. The active ingredients of ‘fizzy drink’ powder are citric acid, sodium carbonate and
sodium hydrogencarbonate. When the ‘fizzy drink’ poweder is dissolved in water,
effervescence occurs.

(a) (i) What is the gas given out when the ‘fizzy drink’ powder is dissolved in water?

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(ii) How do you confirm the gas in (i)?

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(iii) Write TWO ionic equations to show the formation of the gas in (i).

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(b) Why does effervescence occur only when the ‘fizzy drink’ powder is dissolved in
water?

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4. The following menu shows the procedure to make a cake.

1. Put about 100 cm3 of flour into a bowel.

2. Add a spoon of powdered sodium hydrogencarbonate and same amount of tartaric acid.
3. Add water to stir the cake mixture and roll it into a paste.
4. Heat the flour paste in an oven.

(a) A gas is formed in the baking process which make the cake ‘spongy’. Name the gas
formed.

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(b) Explain the role of water added to the flour for the production of gas.

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(c) Why does heating the flour paste in an oven can help to generate the gas
mentioned in (a)?

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5. (a) Fill in the blank.

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(i) Iron(II) sulphate

Colour of solution: __________________________________________________

The ion responsible for the colour: _____________________________________

Appearance of the ppt. after adding a few drops of NaOH(aq): _______________

Action of excess NaOH(aq) on precipitate: _______________________________

(ii) Calcium chloride

Colour of solution: __________________________________________________

The ion responsible for the colour: _____________________________________

Appearance of the ppt. after adding a few drops of NaOH(aq): _______________

Action of excess NaOH(aq) on precipitate: _______________________________

(iii) Iron(III) chloride

Colour of solution: _________________________________________________

The ion responsible for the colour: ____________________________________

Appearance of the ppt. after adding a few drops of NaOH(aq): ______________

Action of excess NaOH(aq) on precipitate: ______________________________

(iv) Aluminium nitrate

Colour of solution: _________________________________________________

The ion responsible for the colour: ____________________________________

Appearance of the ppt. after adding a few drops of NaOH(aq): ______________

Action of excess NaOH(aq) on precipitate: ______________________________

(v) Copper(II) chloride

Colour of solution: _________________________________________________

The ion responsible for the colour: ____________________________________

Appearance of the ppt. after adding a few drops of NaOH(aq): ______________

Action of excess NaOH(aq) on precipitate: ______________________________

(vi) Magnesium sulphate
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Colour of solution: _________________________________________________

The ion responsible for the colour: ____________________________________

Appearance of the ppt. after adding a few drops of NaOH(aq): ______________

Action of excess NaOH(aq) on precipitate: ______________________________

(b) For each of the reactions (i), (ii) and (iii), write an ionic equation for the reaction.

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(c) If ammonia solution is used instead of the dilute sodium hydroxide solution in
reaction (v) , what would you observe? Explain your answer.

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6. (a) What is the number of moles of solute in each of the following solutions?

(i) 50.0 cm3 of 0.01M KOH solution

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(ii) 15.0 cm3 of 1.0M HCl solution

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(iii) 75.0 cm3 of 2.5M H2SO4 solution

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(iv) 20.0 cm3 of 1.2M Na2CO3 solution

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(v) 500.0 cm3 of 1.5M Pb(NO3)2 solution

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(b) What is the mass of solute in each of the following solutions?

(i) 100.0 cm3 of 1.0M H2SO4 solution

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(ii) 200.0 cm3 of 0.2M NH4Cl solution

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(iii) 500.0 cm3 of 0.1M NaOH solution

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(iv) 1.0 dm3 of 0.5M CH3COOH solution

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(v) 250.0 cm3 of 0.1M Na2CO3 10H2O solution

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7. A student is asked to prepare carbon dioxide with the following apparatus in the
laboratory.

(a) Compound X is some white powder of a metal carbonate. The cation of the metal
carbonate belongs to the Group II of the Periodic table. Give the possible name of
compund X.

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(b) Suggest an acid that can be used in this experiment other than dilute nitric acid.

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(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction occurring in the flask A.

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(d) When an acid is added to compound X, a colourless gas is evolved.
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(i) How can the student identify whether the gas is carbon dioxide?

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(ii) Write an equation for the reaction involved in the test.

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(e) Carbon dioxide turns litmus solution from blue to red but it does not change the
colour of dry litmus paper. Why?

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(f) What is the function of concentrated sulphuric acid in tube B?

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(g) If the student wants to prepare hydrogen gas with the same apparatus,

(i) what substance should be used to replace compound X?

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(ii) how would the student collect the hydrogen gas?

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(h) (i) Suggest a test to confirm the gas collected in (g) is hydrogen gas.

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(ii) Write an equation for the reaction involved in the test.

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