Ihe Patterns of theWinning

and How to Achieuelhem

By0eorge Koltanowslti
ind Mllton Finkelstein
 By 0eorge lbltatwslti
atd illiltot ti!iltcbteh
CHECKMATE! is a new and differ-
ent kind of chess book, in which two
of the most active chess teachers in
the United States have clarified the
techniques of recognizing and achiev-
ing the dozens of positions they call
standard checkmates. Introducing a
novel technique of chess analYsis,
they show how to recognize the Pos-
sibility of a mating attack and then,
with explanations and challenge posi-
tions, help you to master the skill of
forcing immediate checkmate. Its 500
positions and self-testing quiz section
make CnscxNrerr! more than a chess
textbook. Its vignettes on chess mas-
ters and the chess world, its explana-
tion of chess terms and the waYs in
which it can change your aPProach
to playing the game make it a refer-
ence work that you will trse again and
(continued onback flaP)
GHEGKMATE!
THE PATTERNS OF TIIB WINNING IVIATING ATTACIG
AI{D- HOW TO ACHIEVE TIIEM

George l{oltanowski

Milton Finkelstein

Doubleday & Compary, Inc., Garden City, New Yark

Library ol Congress Cataloging in publication Data GO NTENTS
Koltanowski, George, 1903-
Checkmatel
1. Checkmate (Chess) I. Finkelstein, Milton,ioint author. tr. Title.
GV1450.3.K6 794.t2/t 7H2341
rssN 0-385-12068-0

copyright @ 1978 by George Koltqtowski and Mitton Finkelstein

AU Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
FIRST EDITION
Introduction vii
1. Checkmate by a Pawn I
2. Checkmate by a Bishop 15
3. Checkmate by a Knight 27
4. Checknate by a Rook 39
5. Checkmsle by a Queen 5I
6. The Epaulettes Mate 66
7. Mate with a Rook and a Bishop V
8. Mate with a Rook and a Knight &
9. Mate with a Ituight and a Bishop I
f 0. Mate with Two Knights 111
11. Mate with Two Bishops 123
12. Mate with Two Rooks 134
13. Boden's Mate 145
14. Long Diagonal Mates 156
15. The Greco and Damiano Mates: TXn
Against an Open King Position
16. The Magic of the Double Check Il
L7. Queen Sacrifices Leading to ffi
18. Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mare 2
19. Sacrificing the Bishop to lvIare q E
20. Sacrificing the Ifuight to Mate or Wi
 GO NTENT S

rrftm,ifnta'uthor. IL Title.

ord Milton Finkelstein

Introduction vii
1. Checkmate by a Pawn I
2. Checkmate by a Bishop 15
3. Checkmate by a Knight 27
4. Checkmate by a Rook 39
5. Checkmate by a Queen 51
6. The Epaulettes Mate 66
7. Mate with a Rook and a Bishop 78
8. Matewith aRook and aKnight 88
9. Mate with a Knight and a Bishop 100
10. Mate with Tlvo Knights 111
11. Mate with T[ro Bishops 123
12. Mate with l\ro Rooks 134
13. Boden's Mate 145
14. Long Diagonal Mates 156
15. The Greco and Damiano Mates: Tlpical Wins 168
Against an Open King Position
16. The Magic of the Double Check 180
17. Queen Sacrifices Leading to Checkmate 195
18. Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate 211
19. Sacrifrcing the Bishop to Mate or Win Material 226
20. Sacrificing the Knigbt to Mate or Win Material 241
vi Checkmatel

2L. Understanding Pawn Promotion 255

22. Drawing: Half a Point Is Better than Losing! 270
23. Using the King to Help Checkmate 283 INTRODUCTION
24. How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats 294
25. You Can Do.It Too! 312
EPrLoct E 323
A Quiz Raiew ol Checkmate'!, Ideas 329
Answers to Quizzes 345
Answers to Quiz Review ol Checkmate! Idew 365

Our editors insisted that Chfu

introduction, for the mere skimm'rrB
player that it opens the door to eqr I
situations that occur repeatedly in q
been permitted a few pages to esdr
how to use it, and to define its timid
Masters and players close to rd
Checkmate!, for they became cle g
book contains. On the other hznq F
moves need a book directed to bE-
the concepts elaborated in thre 1;
benefit immeasurably by mdefl
checkmate that forms the core d flill
In their combined hundred F-
authors have examinsfl morre '\zn tI
between players at every level ofS*
tion to those that ended in &ecil
mating positions occur repeatedl5r, cl
recognize mating patterns quickty d
automatically in familiar situatirn f
players we have often seen tbe fu
the deserved win gone asmy.
Blindfold play has sharpened fu d
visualize a position many mtlees il
just as evident as that before a d
 270
INTRODUGTION

rr{Iil6 329
U
,(lhetmatel lde6 365

Our editors insisted that Clrcckmote! did not need an extended

introduction, for the mere skimming of its pages would show any
player that it opens the door to easy and confident victories in chess
situatious that occur repeatedly in any player's games. But we have
been permitted a few pages to establish why this book was written,
how to use it, and to define its limitations.
Masters and players close to master ability will learn little from
Checkmate!, for they became chess stars by knowing the ideas the
book contains. On the other hand, people who have iust learned the
moves need a book directed to beginners before they can understand
the concepts elaborated in these pages. But all other players can
benefit immeasurably by understanding the technique of forcing
checkmate that forms the core of this new kind of chess book.
In their combined hundred yeils of chess play and study the
authors have examined more than a million recorded games of chess
between players at every level of ability. They have paid special atten-
tion to those that ended in checkmate. They have seen how certain
mating positions occur repeatedly, effected with ease by masters who
recognize mating patterns quickly and carry out their attacks almost
automatically in familiar situations. In the games of less competent
players we have often seen the chance missed, the attack falter, and
the deserved win gone astray.
Blindfold play has sharpened the ability of one of the authors to
visualize a position many moves away, its final setting thus being
just as evident as that before a calculation and a decision that leads
 Checkmate'!

to checkmate. The other author, in some thirty years of training

the players, beginners to chess masEs,
young players, has been repeatedly amazed by their ability to learn
agonies that reflect the amaang ability r

what can be called standard positions-positions that always succumb

hours of play and, for many, entire lif€ri
to the same idea and its proper sequence of moves. The learning of many chess friends among the wortds g
when and how to checkmate calls for a combination of the ability
have been omitted because of lack of qn
to visualizn and familiarity with standard positions in which check- to those whose positions were included- It
mate follows from a forced series of moves.
are generally referred to as "he,' a dcri
Can you already "see!' a position several moves away? If so, you
rather than a lack of appreciation of fu
may be able to solve many of the positions in this book without the
book demonstrates, so often deservedly t
use of board and chessmen. If not, make it a habit to set up each
within the chess world.
position, work out its solution, and then build your ability to visual-
Checkmafe/ uses standard descritric
ize by setting up the position again and "seeing" its solution from
abbreviated as follows:
the chessboard and in time from the diagram. A warning is in order.
If you simply read this book, looking at diagrams and their solutions, K: King lf
you may become more familiar with standard mating positions but a - Queen I
you will do litfle to increase your playrng strength. R-Rook ?
Each chapter follows a similar pattern of developing ideas. A
standard mating position is introduced and explained. A series of
The squares on the chessboard are u
and file they occupy, the ranks running hG
one player to the other. The ranks are m
glven the name of the piece that standr o
ginning of the game. The board is divided t
the King's side and the Queen's side. Tb

tuo lNO 18() to ]I 1

oR8 oN8 oB8 08 K8 I
zuo zNo zgo @ et I
oR7 oN7 oB7 o7 K7 t
8UO tNo tgo go EI t
oR6 oN6 oB6 o6 K5 I
,uo ?NO ?80 to }I I
oR5 oN5 oB5 o5 K5 T

9UO 9NO 98() rc q t

oR4 oN4 oB4 o4 K4 I
9UO 9NO 980 90 9I t
oR3 oN3 oB3 o3 K3 .
s?ms sfratagems succeed against masters and arnateurs alike. But all
zuo ZNO t80 LO DI
it in proper sequence. oR2 oN2 oB2 02 e. I
of the great names of 8UO 8NO 88() m $l t
world-the realm of oRl oNl oBl or KI I

h, io some thirty years of training
Fdty amazrd by their ability to learn
fins-?ositions that always succumb
E squqrce of moves. The learning of
Cils for a combination of the ability
f *mdara positions in which check-
ftr dmovs.
ffh serveral moves away? If so, you
:t posidons in this book without the
t q make it a habit to set up each
5
-l tren build your ability to visual-
r lain md "seeing" its solution from
r tte diagram. A warning is in order.
ding at diagrams and their solutions,
r rith standard mating positions but
Eplsying strength
fr pattern of developing ideas. A
ffud and explained. A series of
lrgmieO by an "analysis" paragraph
f rving toward the winning moves.
IFfu before you seek or attempt any
lld to those in the analysis of other
)h organized to help you become
ltrrts and then executing the mates.
l,nkes a position ripe for a mating
Introduction ix
the players, beginners to chess masters, who experience joys and
agonies that reflect the amazing ability of chess to dominate the
hours of play and, for many, entire lifetimes. Our apologies to the
many chess friends among the world's great players whose efforts
have been omitted because of lack of space, and our special thanks
to those whose positions were included. Note that White and Black
are generally referred to as "he," a decision reflecting convenience
rather than a lack of appreciation of the women who have, as the
book demonstrates, so often deservedly risen to the highest ranks
within the chess world.
Checkmalel uses standard desoiptive notation. The pieces are
abbreviated as follows:
K : King N - Knight
Q: Queen B - Bishop
R: Rook P - Pawn
The squares on the chessboard are named according to the rank
and fiIe they occupy, the ranks running left to right and the flles from
one player to the other. The ranks are numbered L to 8; the files are
grven the name of the piece that stands on the first rank at the be-
gnning of the game. The board is divided vertically into two halves-
the King's side and the Queen's side. The R, N, and B on the King's
].UO lNo 18() to t)l lgx ]NX 1U)l

J
- se weaknesses that can make you oR8 oN8 oB8 o8 K8 KB8 KN8 KH8

rt zuo zNo zso

oB7
zo
a7
z>t zsx zN) zux
K87 KN7 KR7
be quiz; it is suggested that you oR7 oN7 K7

d ym have completed the twenty- 8UO tNo tso 8() tx 88) tN) 8U)
oR6 oN6 oB6 o6 K6 KB6 KN6 KR6
Itrlt, ad combine the mating ideas ,uo ,80 ,o t8) ?H)
ru, consider each chapter a sep- oR5
?NO
oN5 oB5 o5
?)l
K5 KB5
?N)
KN5 KR5
ihld be mastered before you move 980 90 9) 98)t 9N) su)
h of terms appear where they are 9UO
oR4
9NO
oN4 o84 o4 K4 K84 KN4 KR4
$ow you how an advantage is 9NO 9so 90 9) 98) 9NX 9U)
Eive
- pmitions demonstrate that the oN3 oB3 o3 K3 K83 KN3 KR3
f sters and amateurs alike. But all zuo ZNO L80 LO Z) z8) LN) zu)r
l;n trt to leam it in proper sequence. oR2 oN2 oB2 a2 K2 KB2 KN2 KR2
En to some of the great names of 8UO 8NO 880 80 8) 88X 8N) 8H)
h d tte chess world-the realm ot oR1 oN1 oBl o1 K1 KBl KN1 KRl
x Checkmate!

side are called KR (King's Rook), KN (King's Knight), and I(B improvement and their amazing ability b f
(King's Bishop). In the same way, the pieces on the Queen's side are that a player might attempt. And our endui
called QR, QN, and QB. of players who examined individual cbry
Notice that each square has two names, one as read from the onstrate a sequence of positions dudng d
White side and the other as read from the Black side. In standard Checkmate! rcmained uppermost in our ni
descriptive chess notation each player's moves are considered as made
from his side. The squaras are therefore named from his side. As the
illustration shows, White's Kl is the same as Black's K8 and Black's
KB3 is the same as White's KB6.
Moves are read from the side of the board of the player who makes
them. First the piece (or Pawn) is named, a dash indicates it is mov-
ing, and then the squa^re to which it moves is named. The letter X
indicates a capture of whatever Pawn or piece follows the X. Thus,
P-K4 means the KP is moved to the fourth square on its file and
B X Q means a Bishop captures a Queen. When two pieces of the
same kind can move to the same square, the notation indicates in
parentheses the square from which the piece that makes the move has
come. Thus, a move like R(K1)-K5 means that the Rook at Kl
has moved to K5.
The following abbreviations are used tbroughout the book:

mate : checkmate
- ch : check
- dis ch : discovered check
- dbl ch - double check
- ! : o v€ry good move (as in N X P!)
- ? : a poormove (as in K-Bl?)
-
The following values of the pieces are assumed:

1 :value of a Pawn (always called a Pawn and never a piece)

3 -'value of a Bishop or a Knight
5 : value of a Rook (although some prefer 4Yz or 43/+)
9 : value of a Queen (generally equal to two Rooks or three other
pieces)
2 : the difference in value between a Knight or a Bishop and a
Rook, usually called "the excharge."

our special thanks to our chess-playing editors, Harold Kuebler

and James Menick, ffid to AIan Kifferstein, who reviewed and cor-
rected the entire manuscript, for their invaluable suggestions for its
 Introduction xi

), KN (Knds Knight), and KB
; lte pieces on the Queenls side are
tro nmeq one as read from the
ftrom the Black side.In standard
moves are considered as made
Hce named from his side. As the
& same as Black's K8 and Black's
improvement and their amazing ability to find that extra line of play
that a player might attempt. And our enduring affection to the dozens
of players who examined individual chapters or permitted us to dem-
onstrate a sequence of positions during the long months in which
Checkmate! rcmained uppermost in qrrr minds.
GEORGE KOLTANOWSKT
MILTON FINKELSTEIN

d the board of the player who makes

fu named, a dash indicates it is mov-
it moves is named. The letter X
Pasn or piece follows the X. Thus,
b the fourth square on its file and
a Queen- When two pieces of the
qluare, the notation indicates in
tte pece that makes the move has
H5 means that the Rook at Kl
usd throughout the book:

(asinN X Pl)
(as in K-81?)

a Pawn and never a piece)

rrre lrefer 4Vz or 43/+)

equal to two Rooks or three other

a Knight or a Bishop and a

s'ilaytng editors, Harold Kuebler

ffiqrteinr who reviewed and cor-
ftir inraluable suggestions for its
CHECKMATE!
CHAPTER I
Checkmate by a Pavyn
The chessboard is the playing
field of the eternal optimist. In
the lifetime of'any chess player,
with its thousands and some-
times hundreds of thsusands of
games, hope remains alive in
even the poorest positions, so
often galvanized and then trans-
formed by the sudden appearance
of a winning attack when an oF
ponent errs. It is at such times
that the remembered assault in a
typical mating attack brings vic-
tory. A line is opened; the enemy
King position seems to lack de-
fenders; your pieces are in posi-
tion to attack; you can use your
knowledge to produce a combi-
nation and often a checkmate.
Any piece but the King can
checkmate. It may seem proper
for the heavy pieces{ueen and
Rooks-to sweep across the
board to attack and mate an
opponenfs King. But it is even
more memorable to mate with a
Pawn, the least valuable of chess-
men when a game begins. The
Pawn, attacking only one or,two
squares at a time, can make its
way to the enemy King, attack it,
and win the gamel
Here's an example of the la-
tent power of the Pawn that you
will probably memorize and show
to your chess friends for years to
come. Then again, it may go
dovm in your mind as TI{E PO-
SITION TTIAT SHOT]LD NOT
BE SHOIYN. You will see the
reason for this after you have
played through the amazing se-
ries of moves in a composition by
a Hungarian player that ends with
a Pawn mate. Set up the position
on Diagram 1 and play through a
beautiful forced checkmate in ten
moves!
 Checkmate! ch
show it if you wish, but do not King. Il
be surprised if those who have stand fr
seen it play on against you even Pawn h t
when they ate as much as a pcitir
Queen and two Rooks behind. mated.e
They will refuse to resign, for b@d.
haven't you just proven that
mate is possible even when they IERrc ,(
have nothing left but a King and Edge di
a Pawn? ei#
It often is. A Pawn can make Cf,A
Ihe p
DIAGRAXI T DIAGRAAA 2 the move that mates whenever bod
White to Play and Mate White rlas It{ated four conditions exist: bocd
in 10 Moves with IIis OnIy Pawn! 1. The Pawn can reach a square
1. R-N7 QXn You can best appreciate the
where it checks the enemy
2.BXPch KXB King.
beauty of this composition by
3. Q-Nscn fN2 2. The Pawn is supported.
comparing its original and flnal
positions. Black has been forced
3. No enemy piece or Pawn can
Black returns the Queen to take the Pawn.
make the mate a little harder to to occupy the squares around his
4. The enemy King has no es-
execute. If he plays . . . . K-R4 King. In the end, this means the
cape squaxes. That is, the
on his third or fourth move, then King has no escape from the final
Pawn check. Surrounded by his
King cannot move out of
White mates at once by fN4. check.
own Pawns and pieces, he is con-
4. QXQch KXN quered by a lowly Pawn sup-
5. Q-N4ch K-r(4 ported by White's King. rERMS 70 KNOW
6. Q-RSch R-84
Escope squore-f, squore to which-
If 6..... P-B4;7. Q-RS TERMS 70 KNOW o King cqn moYe to get out of
mate. check. BlacL ii r

Supported-A term used to de- oud

7. P-B4ch BXP scribe the protection of o Pown
If.7. or piece, so lhot onything toking You can summarize these con- 1.AU
N X P;8. R- thot Pown or piece con be re- BE
K4ch leads to mate one move coptured. Thus, o King connol ditions in a single sentence. A
wpported Pawn checks a King 2. Tr.-,l
earlier after 8. . . . . P X R; 9. copture o supported Pown.
WE
P-Q4 mate! thd has no escape squares. Pawns
Why do we call this THE PO- have mated Kings in openings, 3. Bld
8. QXNch BXQ SITION THAT SHOULD NOT middle games, and endgames. Ptf,.
If 8. . . . B-K6 instead, then BE SHOWN? WelI, doesn't it Such mates are more frequent in
4. BE
9. Q X Bismate!
leave you with the feeling that the endgame, for there are then sqE
9.R-K4ch PXR there is hope in even the most fewer enemy pieces available to q/H
10. P-Q4 mate! clearly lost position? You can protect the squares around a vznce t
 Checkmat.e by a Pawn 3

DIAGRAAA 2
White Has llrlaterl
trith His OnIy Pawn!
You can best appreciate the
beauy of this composition by
comparing its original and final
D
positions. Black has been forced
to ocqryy the squares around his
D 4.
t xing. In the end, this means the
ICmg ha^s no escape from the final
I King cannot move out
L Pawn check Surrounded by his
owu Pawns and pieces, he is con-
qu€red by a lowly Pawn sup-
ported by White's King.
TRA{S IO KNOW
STporlred-A term used to de-
scribe the protection of o Pown
or piece, so thot onything ioking
thot Pcrwn or piece con be re-
; copfured. Thus, o King connot
t opfure o supported Pown.
Why do we call this THE pO-
STION THAT SHOULD NOT
BE SIOWN? Well, doesn't it
hve you with the feeling that
6ete is hope in even the most
dEady lost position? You can
show it if you wish, but do not
be surprised if those who have
seen it play on again t you even
when they are as much as a
Queen and trrq Rooks behind.
They will refuse to resign, for
haven't you just proven that
mate is possible even when they
have nothing left but a King and
a Pawn?
It often is. A Pawn can make
the move that mates whenever
four conditions exist:
1. The Pawn can reach a square
where it checks the enemy
King.
2. 'I\e Pawn is supp rted.
3. No enemy piece o Pawn can
take the Pawn.
The enemy King has no es-
cape squaxes. That is, the
check.
TERA,IS IO KNOW
Escope squore-A
squore to whicli
o King con moYe to get out of
check.
You can summariz these con-
ditions in a single sentence. A
supported Pawn checks a King
that has no escape squares. Pawns
have mated Kings in openings,
middle games, and endgames.
Such mates are more frequent in
the endgame, for there are then
fewer enemy pieces ailable to
protect the squares around
King. The easiest way to under-
stand the t5picat mate with a
Pawn is to examine a simple final
position in which a Pawn has
mated a King on the edge of the
board.
IO
IERA,IS
Edge of the'(NOW
boord-The first ond
eighth rqnks qnd the KR qnd
QR files.
fhe open boord-All of the chess-
boord excepl the edge of the
boord.
of
DIAGRAAT 3
Black is checkmated. AII four of
our conditions exist.
1. A White Pawn checks the
Black King.
2. T\e Pawn is supported by the
White King.
3. Black has no way to take the
Pawn.
4. Black's King has no escape
squares.
White?s last move was to ad-
a vance the Paum from N6 or to
 Checkmate! M
capture a Black Pawn or piece dard patterns of achieving
One of the variations leads to Thtu ti
on N7. Black is checkmated be- checkmate. He was never con- mate by a Pawn. Just suppose clccb
cause any move by the Kirg cerned with teaching his tech- that the White Pawn were at N7. crycq
would lead to its capture. This niques, which others have come This would be checkmate-a po-
final position occurs hundreds of to understand by studying his sition similar to the one in Dia- Frrrfi
times in every player's chess ca- games. But he'did compose one gram 3. The key move, then, your GL
reer. It is common enough so chess problem to illustrate one of is one that will result in the re- Blacfrd
that every player should know it his favorite stratagems-the ad- moval of the Black Pawn now on bq
werE
well enough to plan for it. vance of a Pawn into the enemy White's N7. Morphy does this by mwc tbl
King position and the resulting a sacrifice. tim in Vr
An ldea from Paul Morphy
mate. mate by r
Idor 5r
Checkmate with a Pawn was a
IO KNOW
IERA,IS rytylbt
central theme in many of the sof,lepd
Socrifice-Moving o Pown or
early chess problems composed piece to o squore where il con ooffil
in the nineteenth century. Many be coptured, usuolly lo qchieve play d a
of them \ryers based on the con- some obiective; troding o piece ers in t
clusions of games between chess- of greoter volue for one of pafiirl
masters. Paul Charles Morphy of lesser volue.
Forced socrifice-A socrifice your the pdl
New Orleans (Iwe 22, 1837- opponent must occept. ycur lE
July 10, 1884) was the first Cleoronce socrifc+A socriftce mms. il
American chess genius. He won thot opens o file, ronk, diog- befqe I
the first United States chamf ion- onol, or o slngle importont page :Hfi
ship in New York in 1857 and DIAGRAM 4 squqre for your use. -' se Id
then spent two years playing in Iilhite to PIay and lVlate 6@dt
Europe. Morphy defeated all in Two Moves aPana
comers, including the then- 1. R-R6!
recognized world champion, A word about chess problems, This is the key move. Mate
Adolf Anderssen of Germany. several of which will appear in
follows on White's second move
Unable to arrange a match with this book to illustrate mating in each of the two variations.
the reluctant British champion, ideas. In each case, White moves
Howard Staunton, he returned to first. There is only one move- a. 1.R-R6 PXR
the United States and retired from called the kq move-that per- 2. P-N7 mate
competitive chess. Yet his short mits mate to follow in the The supported Pawn, prG
career had changed the game for required number of moves. Each tected by White's King, checks
all time. He simplified its play possible answer to the key move a King that has no escape
according to careful principles of is called avariatiore. This Morphy square.
development and direct attacks problem has only two variations.
b. 1. R-R6 Any Bishop
built about an advanced under- Let's look at them. Set up the move
standing of what became stan- position on your chessboard.
2. R X Pmate r

re C:rd patterns of achieving
i- cn;ckmate. He was never con-
_rE ;erned with teaching his tech-
is r;ques, which others have come
# io understand by studying his
L- games. But he did compose one
n :hess problem to illustrate one of
ir h:. far-orite stratagems-the ad-
-r
of a Pawn into the enemy
ance
t -:g position and the resulting
!sLV.
a.
IE
ry
f-
s-
:f
!q,
n thot opens o file, ronk, diog-
F onol, or <l single importont
d DIAGRAM 4
n Tlhite to PIay and Mate
il in Two Moves
F 1. R-R6!
L A word about chess problems,
r- sei'eial of which will appear in
h riiLs book to illustrate mating
l" ::;:-i. In each case, White moves
g :.:st. There is only one move-
tr :=lled the key move-that per-
!t neis mate to follow in the
tr re"quired number of moves. Each
v p x=ible answer to the key move
f,f is called ayariatiore. This Morphy
s ;:cblern has only two variations.
L::'s look at them. Set up the
F p,:,s::ion on your chessboard.
One of the variations leads to
mate by a Pawn. Just suppose
that the White Pawn were at N7.
This would be checkmate-a po-
sition simil6 to the one in Dia-
E:am 3. The key move, then,
is one that will result in the re-
moval of the Black Pawn now on
White's N7. Morphy does this by
a sacrifice"
IO KNOW
TERMS
Socrifice-Moving q Pown or
piece to o squore where it cqn
be coptured, usuolly to ochieve
some ob[ective; troding o piece
of greoter vqlue for one of
lesser volue.
Forced socrifice-A. socrifice your
opponent musl occept.
Cleoronce socrifice-A socrifice
squore for your use.
This is the key move. Mate
follows on White's second move
in each of the two variations.
a. 1.R-R6 PXR
2. P-N7 mate
The supported Pawn, pro-
tected by White's King, checks
a King that has no escape
square.
b. 1. R-R6 Any Bishop
move
2. RXFmate
Checkmat,e by aPawn 5
This time a supported Rook
checks a King that has no es-
cape squares.
Examine both variations on
your chessboard. Note that
Black's only answers to 1. R-R6
were to capture the Rook or to
move the Bishop. The final posi-
tion in Variation A is the typical
mate by a Pawn.
Now you should be ready to
apply the nrle for a Pawn mate to
some positions that have occurred
countless numbers of times in the
play of even the best chess play-
ers in the world. Set up each
position. Examine the analysis of
the position, intended to direct
your thinking to the correct
moves. Then note your answer
before turning to the answer on
page 345. Remember--€ach of
these positions is a basic applica-
tion of the method of mating with
a Pawn on the edge of the board.
DIAGRAM 5
White Mates in One Move
 6 Checkm"ate!
Cht
ANALYSrc
.L\ALYSN of a Par
Do you have the four condi- der-elopr
Most of the pieces are still on
tions necessary for mate by a
'&e board. White could mate bY a

Pawn?
Can a Pawn check?
P-K6 if the Black B on B4 were 5.P
- Is the Pawn supported?
'rot protecting that square. Your 6. I
- Is Black unable to capture the
iey move must therefore be one 7. C
- checking Pawn?
.hat removes that Protection! It
Blaek
Coesn't matter what material You
Does the Black King lack an remain r
- escape square?
:-acrifice. All you must do is to
phy r:nel
If all your nake Black lose control of K6!
answers are yes, then
Remember that your BishoPs
his op:
DIAGRAM 7
the mating move is obvious!
i-en cut off all escaPe squares for
the K#
White Mates in T\wo Moves
1. mate
-e Black King. 8.r
ANALYSIS 1. e.(
There is only one line of play. 2. mate 10. r
You can find it if you answer two 11. n
The four positions You've just
questions. :rrmingrfl are comnnon examples
Can you force the Black King :: possible mates with a Pawn.
- to Rl? filily never be a Paul Mor-
\-.--,u
Your N at K8 supports any ::;-, but you can certainlY learn
- Pawn or piece at KN7. Can a :-- use some of the ideas with
Pawn check-and mate- ;-:ich he was so successful. Here
there? i: one of his games that features a
1. King being forced into the open
DIAGRAIv{ 6 2. mate :":'ard and finally being mated bY
White Mates in IVo Moves : Pawn at the edge of the board.
Itorphy gave his opPonent the
ANALYSIS :'iCs of a Rook. Remove White's
Your first move must set up t:een Rook before plaYing
the four conditions needed for :-ough the game.
\fory
mate by a Pawn. Don't be fright- Ehite Black $,leing
ened by the fact that Black can PAUL MORPHY AMATEUR Queen r

Queen a Pawn. Your move comes New York, 1857 b"'- a Fa

first. Can you prevent Black's are fm
Kirg from escaping and also 1. P-K4 P-K4
2. N-KBS N-QB3 t\btue Q
threaten mate by a supported
Pawn?
3. B-84 B-B4 12- r
4. P-QN4 13. r
1. DIAGRAM 8
c Th.is is the characteristic move 14. I
mate YYhite Mates in Tiwo Moves
m ie Evans Gambit-the ofter 15. -r
 Checkmate by apawn 7
ANALYSIS of a Pawn to gain time for rapid
ts
a Most of the pieces are still on development of the pieces.
the board. White could mate by 4.,...
P-K6 if the Black B on 84 were
BXI\P
5.P-83 B-R4
not protecting that square. Your P-Q4
key move must therefore be one
6. PxP
7.O-O N-83
that removes that protection! It
doesn't matter what material you Black would like to castle and
sacrffice. All you must do is to remain material ahead. But Mor-
make Black lose control of K6! phy makes a move that prevents
DIAGRAM 7 Remember that your Bishops his opponent's King from leaving
Ttlhite Mates in Two Moves then cut off all escape squares for the K-fiIe.
the Black King. 8. B-R3! B_N3
d\-.{LYSIS 9. Q_NS
1. P-Q4
There is only one line of play. 2. mate 10. PXP(Qs) N-QR4
You can find it if you answer two
The four positions you've just 11. R-Klch B-K3
q'.restions.
examined are common examples
Cal you force the Black King
- to Rl?
cf possible mates with a Pawn.
You may never be a Paul Mor-
Your N at K8 supports any
- Pa*:r or piece at KN7. Can a
phy, but you can certainly learn
Paq,n check-and mate- tc use some of the ideas with
which he was so successful. Here
there?
is one of his games that features a
1. King being forced into the open
? mate board and finally being mated by
a Pawn at the edge of the board.
\lorphy gave his opponent the
edds of a Rook. Remove White's
DIAGRAM 9
Queen Rook before playing
-Juough the game.
Morphy now sees an attack be-
White Black ginning with the sacrffice of his
PAUL MORPTTY AMATEUR Queen and ending with a mate
New York,1857 by a Pawn. AII of Black,s moves
1. P-K4 P-K4 ate forced once he takes the
2. N-KB3 N-QB3 White Queen.
3. B-84 B-84
a' P-Qxl 72.PXB! NXQ
DIAGRAM 8 13. P XPdblchK-Q2
E-hite ilIates in Two Moves This is the characteristic move 14. B-K6ch K-83
i the Evans Gambit-the ofier 15. N-KSeh K-N4
 Checkmate! Ct

16. B-B4ch K-R4 up a Pawn for a King-side attack. Checkmate! A supported Pawn check-
17. B-N4ch K-Rs White pounces at once, for a attacks a King that has no escape mate tr
18. P X N mate! Pawn mate can be threatened! squares!
1. .
You can mate with a Pawn in ?. I
the center of the board too. This
3, I
usually requires the co-operation
of several of your pieces, each of
4.I
5. I
which cuts off one or more of the
enemy King's possible escape This
squares. Here is a position based Ioer t
on a victory in Vienna, 1897, by riiced
Carl Schlechter, one of the gteat King u
players at the turn of the century. af-r=c
Schlechter, playing Black, sees a
way to combine two Bishops"
DIAGRAAA I I trl-o Knights, and two deadly ;
DlAGRArvt l0 Pawns to force mate. There
12.NXI(BP KXN the El
The final position meets our 13.N-NSch K-N1 hope r

four conditions for the Pawn blo,-ks

mate. Black's King is attacked by If 13. K X P; 14. K3 au
a Pawn. The Pawn is supported R X Bch wins the Black ofi 03
by a Bishop. Black cannot cap- Queen. 13. . K-N3 is cuts d
ture the Pawn with any of his best. otber s

pieces. The Black King has no 14. F-KN4 QXhlPch? arC aXs

escape squares. Although Mor- ls. QXQ BXQ futltrl €

phy had to see that the final posi- 16. P-87 mate! prclect
tion could be forced, he could crifuE
not have planned for it unless he CHrc
understood the conditions neces- DIAGRAM 13 \,\ifi
sary for mate by a Pawn. a p]tr
Sometimes mate by a Pawn Set up the position. It is !3,trSt
occurs early in the game. It be- Black's move. His Quecn is at- !Qr--)T!

comes a possibility whenever you t:cked, but he sees a mating at- ta;kC
have a supported Pawn on the ;:ck. Suppose he could force t\tea
flfth or sixth rank near the enemy s-hite's King into the open board. Pawn a

King. Here is the position after This could be done if the Black King
Black's eleventh move in the Favrn now at KN5 could check meaB
Rubinstein Variation of the Max i: KB7. Black therefore sacri- pioca '
Lange attack. White has given =,:=s his Queen to get that Pawn arrwal
DIAGRAM 12

up a Paq:n for a King-side attack. C.heckmate! A supported Pawn
\\hiie pounces at once, for a attacts a King that has no escape
squares!
Pas:n mate can be threatened!
You can mate with a Pawn in
the center of the board too. This
usually requires the co-operation
of several of your pieces, each of
which cuts off one or more of the
enemy King's possible escape
squares. Here is a position based
on a victory in Vienna, 1897, by
Carl Schlechter, one of the great
players at the tum of the century.
Schlechter, playing Black, sees a
way to combine two Bishops,
DIAGRAM II two Knights, and two deadly
Pawns to force mate.
1]. ilI X I(BP K XN
13.N-NSch K-Nl
If 13. K X P; 14.
R X Bch wins the Black
Queen. 13.....K-N3is
besL
14. P-KN4
QXI\Fch?
ls. QxQ BXQ
16. P-87 mate!
DIAGRAM 13
Set up the position. It is
Black's move. His Queen is at-
tacked, but he sees a mating at-
tack. Suppose he could force
White's King into the open board.
This could be done if the Black
Pawn now at KN5 could check
at KB7. Black therefore sacri-
DlAGRAlvi l2 fices his Queen to get that Pawn
Checkmot,e by aPawn 9
check-and the forced check-
mate that follows.
1..... PXN!
2. BXQ P-B7ch
3. K-KZ B-NSch
4. K-Q3 N-NSch
5. K XN
This is the position Black
knew he could force when he sac-
rificed his Queen. The White
King will have no escape squares
after:
5..,.. P-B4mate!
Examine the fnal position.
There are several squares near
the White King to which it might
hope to escape. But two are
blocked by its own Pawns on
K3 and Q4. Black's l(night cuts
off Q3 and Q5. One Black Bishop
cuts off K5 and KB4, while the
other supports the mating Pawn
and also prevents the Black King
from escaping to KB3. Thus, a
protected Pawn checking a King
without escape squares means
CHECKMATE!
What can you learn from such
a position? You see that the al-
most automatic resPonse-to
move a Queen or another at-
tacked piece-is not always best.
When your position permits a
Pawn advance against an exposed
King, even though the move
means you sacrifice a Queen or
piece, then look at that advance
an)ryay. If you can force the
 10 Checkmate! Checlar
enemy King into the open board, 1. B-B6ch NXB makes both of these variations There p
you may be able to trap it there. possible? Call them a and b. reviewed &
Black has no other move.
To do that you must be able to you can E
cut off its escape squiles, ffid 2. P X Nmate! a.1.- the edge o
it
then check with a protected
The Pawn (protected by the
2. mate
the open I
Pawn or a piece. Result-Check- b. 1._ and each c
White Rook at KBl) checks the 2. mate
mate!
Black King, while White's eueen ends witt t
Diagram 14 illustrates one way
and Bishop cut off all possible -
(Remember: Answers begrn on tions cm1r
to checkmate. White has sacri- page 345) chessmaaE
escape squares.
flced a Knight to bring Black's
Try the two positions that fol- - increasing t
King to an exposed position. be solwd i
There it stands, lacking escape
low as a check of your under-
ideas dir
standing. The analysis following
squares because it is cut oft by each c4
each diagram should help you
White's Queen, Rook, and Bish-
find the continuation that leads to Then rd
ops. White can now checkmate the di-glr
mate.
in two moves. ontbm
inthe infr
Rememh
1. Asq;r
if rh-.I
urrE4 i
DIAGRAM 16 2. Ttp, J
White Mates in lhree Moves escalE :
on frgr
ANALYSIs
Study this position carefullY.
Itis one of the best-known end-
DIAGRAA,I 14
DIAGRAM 15 game positions in which a Pawn
White Mates in Itro Moves mates a King at the edge of the
MAURTAN AMATEUR
-
Paris,1860 board. White must begin by cut-
ting off Black's escape squares.
ANALY$S Then all Black can do is advance
Note that a check by a sup- Black could be mated if his KNP. Can you see how White
ported Pawn will mean check- White's Rook were at KR7, where then forces the Pawn mate?
mate. Such a check can come itcould be supported by the
only at White's KBLnow pro- Bishop at QNl. Black could also
tected by a Black Knight. What be mated if the Black Bishop
move removes that protection were off the board and White's 3. mate!
(Answer on page 345)
and results in checkmate? Pawn were at KN7. What move wf

t 1. B-B6ch NXB
Black has no other move.
) you can mate with a Pawn-on
I 2. P X Nmate!
t'
- The Pawn (protected by the
\\hire Rook at KBl) checksthe
- Black King, while White's Queen
1 -d Bishop cut off all possible
]n erape squares.
T.)' the two positions that fol-
a check of your under-
.- Ic,,w as
standing. The analysis following
' eech diagram should help you
,' n=0 the continuation that leads to
Eoaie.
DIAGRAM 15
Tfhite Mates in Tlvo Moves
.L\.{LYSN
Black could be mated if
S aite's Rook were at KR7, where
ii could be supported by the
Bi'hop at QNl. Black could also
be mated if the Black Bishop
Fere oft the board and White's
Par:n qere at KN7. What move
makes both of these variations
possible? Call them a and b.
2 mate
b. 1. _
Z. _ mate
(Remember: Answers begin
page 345)
DIAGRAM 16
White Mates in Three Moves
ANAI,YSIS
Study this position carefully.
It is one of the best-known end-
same positions in which a Pawn
mates a King at the edge of the
board. White must begin by cut-
tilg off Black's escape squares.
Then all Black can do is advance
his KNP. Can you see how White
:hen forces the Pawn mate?
3. mate!
(Answer on page 345)
-
Checkmate by a Pawn 11
There you have it. We have
reviewed the basic ways in which
the edge of the board and on
the open board. This chapter,
and each chapter in this book,
ends with a series of quiz posi-
tions composed or selected from
chessmaster play. They are of
increasing difficulty, but can all
be solved if you understand the
ideas discussed in the chapter. In
each case, set up the position.
Then read the analysis following
the diagram before you decide
on the moves that lead to mate
in the indicated number of moves.
Remember:
1. Asupported Pawn can mate
if
that Pawn cannot be cap-
tured, and
I The attacked King has no
escape squares. Answers are
on Page 345.
DIAGRAM 17
White Mates in Tko Moves
 72 Checkmatel
C:'.. -;''

ANALYSIS r,-\ \LYSIS A Pr''.: =

Black's King is at the edge of : ,cl- has forced the White _gar1-' C ---
^1] --.- -
the board. If White can advance ... :: :o the open board. Now a UIr-.'-.f:.
-

a protected Pawn to R7, then . .: of checks can drive that 1.

Black is mated. If you can find a :- -_-- ;Ioser to Black's King-to a

move that provides that support - : - -:re where White will have
to the R7 square, a Pawn mate
- :: I -1pe squares. A11 Black will
must follow. Note that White's
Bishop at K4 cuts off Black : ia check-and mate-the
- .' lJnc!
King's escape to R1 or N2.
DIAGRAM 19
White Mates in Two Moves
mate
mate!
ANALYSXS
Here again Black's King has
no escape squares. White has sac-
rificed a piece to force Black's
King to the open board. Now
White can force a Pawn mate by
another sacrifice. Remember that r\ture 1
it is the mate that wins, not hav-
ing a few pieces more or lesst .L\.\I\.1.

DIAGRAJIA 18
Tflhite Mates in Two Moves
ANAT-,YSN
Black's King has no escape
squares. White's Rook prevents
escape to Black's first rank. The
White Bishop at QB5 cuts off
any later escape to Black's K2.
Thus, a check by a supported
Pawn can lead to mate. How
does White force this mate?
1.
2. mate
mate
DIAGRAi{ 2I
trttite llates in Three Moves
,, \ iLYSIS
-- . '. the end of a game be-
-,- -- ::: Czech masters Karel
-' -,:ia (White) and Karel
: : .-.i-,' (Black) played ix
-j - begins by sacri-fici:rg
- -- . - "'.ai:e
i :o give his other Rook
- ': - :'f Black's third rank.
DIAGRAAA 20
Blaek to Mate in Ihree Moves
-" : - - = sacrifices his Knight to
-r - -', : :-i3 Pawn at Black's K-i.
 Checkmate by a Pawn 73

.L\ALYSIS A Pawn mate follows to end the

Black has forced the White game! Can you see the sequence
i'iog to the open board. Now a of moves?
:'air of checks can drive that 1.
i'.ing closer to Black's King-to 2.
3 sqliare where White will have a
mate!
:-r escape squares. Ail Black will
::en need is a supported Pawn
:::at can check_and mate_the
\\-hite King!
DIAGRAM 19
1. caaa
t1hite Mates in IWo Moves
2,
a
J. mate!
-{-\-{LYSIS
Here again Black's King has
: r escape squares. White has sac-
li:ed a piece to force Black,s
Kin_s to the open board. Now
\\lite can force a Pawn mate by DIAGRATIA 22

:rother sacrifice. Remember that White lVtrates in T'hree Moves

i: is the mate that wins, not hav-
i:g a few pieces more or lesst
urate
DIAGRA}A 20
Black to Mate in Ihrce Moves
DIAGRAM 2I
White Mates in Three Moves
.tlAn YSIS
This is the end of a game be-
f,\'een the Czech masters Karel
Hromadka (White) and Karel
Opocensky (Black) played in
1931. White begins by sacrificing
a Rook to give his other Rook
control of Black's thkd rank.
Then he sacrffices his Knight to
remove the Pawn at Black's K5.
ANALYSIS
This position is the final se-
quence of moves in a famous
endgame study by A. S. Kakovin,
published in Russia in 1936. You
should find it easy if you under-
stand the solution to the position
of Diagram 21. White has forced
Black to occupy most of the
squares around the Black King.
This means no escape squares.
If White can now force Black to
block his Q4 square too, then a
Pawn mate may be possible.
Take your time!
t.
2.
3. mate!
t4 Checktnatel

REMEMBER! square.s when such blocking

1. Be altrt for positions in which
the enemy Ifug lacks escape
squares and you can check
with a supported Pawn
2. Be ready to consider sacri-
fices to block eoemy escape
makes a Pawn mate possibla
3. Most Pawn mates ocsur on
the qpen board when your cEAPTER 2
other pieces have qil oft
enemy 6caPe squares.
0heckmate by a Bishqp i

(b of the most important hs-

rr to be learned from the day
J lr{rnrasters is to make efte-
hre d ope,n lines. Succesdul
[!lEr dace their pieces (m
ItEGr wtere they have EarL
E mobility-that 4 uftere
S a swe€p the board- In
^ dter
t- game from master
snt$ and in your own WH
5-..-.
t, r well, you will fnd 6c qHC
b be an effective srprisc
-"p Fc example, rhis ele
EF- b [if
frrt op€dng trap has Fob
* dcfeded you in yor
days, or won a glmrc,
r;fu rrre careless oppocil
ro't
6rG*
r- i[Fcd with 1. P{B/E 4"
frEgh theserx)Yes on5rru
i*ouil
P-{4 Di{r
P-(B II
L?x? BX? lqr*f
G[
fe petmits it, p@lr 5'
t3;GEtp 4. N{83, ftca lq
rnE d tnroe by 4. -|b,,
tt
 whe,n such blocking
a Pawn mate possibla
Pawn mates ocsur on
op€n board when your
CHAPTER 2
pisces have cut off
escape squares.
Gheckmate by a Bishop
One of the most important les-
sons to be learned from the PlaY
of chessmasters is to make effec-
tive use of open lines. Successful
players place their pieces on
squares where they have maxi-
mum mobility-that is, where
they can sweep the board. In
game after game from master
tournaments, and in your own
play as well, you will find the
Bishop to be an eftective su4rrise
weapon. For example, this ele-
mentary opening trap has prob-
ably defeated you in Your
beginner days, or won a game
against some careless opponent
who opened with 1. P-KB4.
Play through these moves on your
chessboard.
1. P_KB4 P-K4
2. PXP P--Q3
3. PXP BXP
If White permits it, perhaps
by a move like 4. N-Q83, then
Black wins at once by 4.
Q-RSch; 5. P-KN3, Q X Pch;
6. P X Q, B X P mate. So White
usually makes a move that Pre-
vents4..... Q-R5.
4. N_KB3 P_KN4
Now Black tbreatens 5. . . . .
P-Ns and, if the White N moves
away, the same mate threatens on
White's KN3. So, worried about
5. . . . . P-N5, the inexperienced
opponent makes a suicidal move
to prevent it.
5. P-KR:|? B-N6 mate
It happens again and again.
Too many players see only one
threat at a time! (See Diagram
23)
IERMS TO KNOW
Diogonol-A line of consecutive
squores of the some color.
Long diogonol-A diogonol thot
crosses the center of the boord
(the squores K4, Q4, K5, Q5l.
Long diogonots begin ot o PloY-
er's Rl, R2, or Nl on either
the K-side or lhe Q-side.
76 Checkmntel
Shorf diogonol-Any diogonol ex.
cept o lonE diogonol, such os
the line of squores QBl, QN2,
8R3, or Ql, K2, KB3, KN4,
KR5.
Open diogonol-A diogonol con-
loining no PorYns or pieces be-
tween q Queen or Bishop ond
the squore or piece it is qHqck-
ing.
lnferpose--To ploce q Pown or
piece on o squore where it
blocks on ottock.
DIAGRAM 23
Diagram 23 illustrates a check-
mate by a Bishop on a short
diagonal. Mate by a Bishop is
more corlmon on long diagonals,
and for good reason. Once a
player has castled, his King is in
one corner of the board. Mate by
a Bishop may then become pos-
sible if the following conditions
exist:
L. The King is on an open di-
agonal on which no protected
Pawn or piece can be inter-
posed.
2" Abre King has no escape
squares, being blocked by its :: ::;' ihree chief wavs to do
own Pawns or pieces or un-
able to move to nearby
squares controlled by enemy - =-.-s force your opponenis _R-
- -':cup,v possible escap e
Pawns or pieces.
: -i::s so that your Bishop's
3. The attacking Bishop cannot -.:l-.- ffte &nS mate.
be capttrred.
.:---:--3S break open the Ci-
Diagram 24 is the simplest -.--.s near the enemv Kir:.
illustration of mate by a Bishop. --..'.' opening one that per-
- :: .: Bishop mate.
: -: :o moi'e into the op.:l
- - r ';,'hile 1,our pieces ci:
.:s escape squares. .{
: , -p ;hecl: on eiiher a l-::
- --:-::,2-i iilustrates the ul:
:o prepare for mate b'.
-, l:ir
DIAGRAM 24 - , :,si:ion can quiclJ'.' b=
' -::.: i into one simil7i '-:
Note how the three conditions - -':-. :-i, It is White's r.i,-.-.'3.
' : :.: :or:e the Black Rc::-:-
for a Bishop mate are met:
- - -'-" Black's I'J1 an,i al=,-
1. Black's King is on an open '- _- E:_rhc,p for a che.-i: i:
diagonal. Black cannot inter- -: : ;:cnal (\\hi:e's a-R-
pose to block the attack bY
White's Bishop.
2. Black has no escape squares,
his Pawn and Bishop occupy-
ing the adjacent squares.
3. Black cannot capture the
White BishoP"
Don't expect your oPPonents
to commit chess suicide by plac-
ing their King in such positions.
But undorstand that you can [iUtr
often force a King to a squaf,e
where a Bishop mate is possible.
I |;GP}.M. 25
)-
 Checkmate by a Bishop 1.7

ex- squares, being blocked by its

There are three chief ways to do to KRS), then mate may be pos-
own Pawns or pieces or un- ''-!..
-tttJ. sible.
[..{ 2,
able to move to nearby
r..J4,
squares controlled by enemy Checks force your opponents 1. R-K8ch R-Nl
Pawns or pieces. to occupy possible escape Black has no other reply. He
b+ 3, The attacking Bishop cannot squares so that your Bishop's must interpose this Rook. But
:.d be captued. check means mate. now the long diagonal is open
rck- Sacrifices break open the di- for the Bishop.
Dagram 24 is the simplest agonals near the enemy King,
i-lustration of mate by a Bishop.
finally opening one that per- 2. B-Q4 mate
I

mits a Bishop mate. White had to answer three

DTAGRAM 24
\ote how the three conditions
r a Bishop mate are met:
1,, Black's King is on an open
Ciagonal. Black cannot inter-
pose to block the attark by
\\.hite's Bishop.
Black has no escape squares,
his Pawn and Bishop occupy-
rns the adjacent squares.
Black cannot capture the
\\-hite Bishop.
D,,n't expect your opponents
:: crmmit chess suicide by plac-
:-. :heir King in such positions.
B.:: understand that you can
:1:r force a King to a square
l'i1 ;l:re a Bishop mate is possible.
Ax attack forces the enemy
King to move into the open
board while your pieces cut
off its escape squares. A
Bishop check on either a long
or a short diagonal then
mates.
Diagram 25 illustrates the use
cf checks to prepare for mate by
a Bishop.
This position can quickly be
:ransformed into one similar to
Diagram 24. It is White's move.
rt he can force the Black Rook
:J occupy Black's KNI and also
::ee the Bishop for a check on
ihe long diagonal (White's QRi
DIAGRAJv{ 25
questions to be certain of this
mate:
Will the Black King be on an
- open diagonal without escape
squares?
Will Black be able to inter-
- pose on that diagonal?
Will the White Bishop be im-
- mune from capture?
Here are two more positions
in which White checkmates with
a Bishop after one or more checks
have forced Black's pieces to cut
off the King's escape squares.
DIAGRAM 26
White Mates in Two IVIoves
(Answers on page 345)
18 Checkmate!
Cr.:cL-.
ANALYS$ 28 shows a direct method of fin-
Black threatens to win quickly ishing off a won game quickly. ,L\-{LrS
_r-.1
by Queening his NP. But White lUll! =-o I'

can force mate with a Bishop by this pcni:

prfng open the long diagonal. Bishop a:
What checking move does this? ona]. \oi
1.
nO elca$
2. mate
maieC ff r

mate br- ;
Queta sa,i
t. _
DIAGRAAA 29
2._
3.
Ft-hite lllates in TSo Moves
DIAGRAAA 28
4._-
T}.{LYSN Plu a s,i
White is far ahead in material. TL:s position is similar to the
The Black King has no moves. :Tr '-r Diagram 27. But this Salo FW
All White has to do is open the lE: -re clearing of the long di- ll'ho Abt
long diagonal, when a Bishop l'g:--i requires a sacrifice. Re-
check will be mate. The move Er-:etr: after the sacrifice Black's It reatrh
DIAGRAA,I 27 that does this at once is 1. { :: -'rs5f remain without escape knosn ch
TYhite llrlates in lhree Moves P-R6. Black then loses at once. :ih"l;.1-:s.The King must not be IoiuDSf,tEr
Only his NP can move. It can trfu: :-- move tO R2, N2, or Nl. ganres E:r
ANALYSIS advance to N3 or N4, or take the ters for s
White Pawn. Any of these moves of the tcr
White's Bishop is already on mate
has the same result-the opening mor3 tra,c
the long diagonal. Black would
of the long diagonal to end the prizeufag
be mated if this diagonal were
game after IVhitds 2. B-Ks of a y(ro
open. White therefore makes
three moves that result in mate mate. The position teaches an Flohr h :

important lesson. Be ready to sac- had emp,ci

when the diagonal is cleared. In
rifice material to open a diagonal of tl = r,r
this case, the first two moves are
when the enemy King has no es- CNATZ
checks.
cape squares, no enemy piece can \\-an:er B
1.
interpose to prevent mate on that of the L1
) diagonal, and your checking to &e cle
3. mate Bishop is immune from capfira caue of I
You must often sacrifice ma- Try to find the solutions to Sa.lr I
terial to open an enemy King these two positions that illustrate ch*s (frr'i
position so that a Bishop cao sacrifices to break qpen a diag- plal-er) m
mate along a diagonal Diagram onal to permit mate by a Bishop. DIAGRAJ'A 30 success h
Fhite IVIates in Four Moves tc-een 19
 28 shows a direct method of fin-
ishing oft a won game quickly.
B'
fite
by
at
?
DIAGRAA,I 28
\\hite is far ahead in material.
The tslack King has no moves.
All White has to do is open the
long diagonal, when a Bishop
check will be mate. The move
that does this at once is l.
P-R6. Black then loses at once.
OnIy his NP can move. It can
adrance to N3 or N4, or take the
Ehite Pawn. Any of these moves
n of the toumament he has made
has ths same result-the opening
H more money than any
ne
of the long diagonal to end the
ls _same after White's 2. B-K5
te
m.ate. The position teaches an
h important lesson. Be ready to sac-
IE
ri-fice material to open a diagonal
ehen the enemy King has no es-
cape squares, no enemy piece can
irterpose to prevent mate on that
Ciagonal, and your checking
Blshop is immune from capfirre.
t- Try to find the solutions to
g tbese two positions that illu*rate
q sacrifices to break qpen a diag-
tr cmal to permit mate by a Bishop.
DIAGRA/II 29
White Mates in TSo Moves
.{\a[,YsIs
This position is similar to the
rne in Diagram 27. But this
:rne the clearing of the long di-
aqonal requires a sacrffice. Re-
rcmber: after the sacrffice Black's
Khg must remain without escape
squares. The King must not be
able to move to R2, N2, or Nl.
1.
2. mate
DIAGRAM 30
White ltlates in Four Moves
Checkmate by a Bishop 19
ANALYSIS
There are two ways to mate in
this position, both based on a
Bishop attack on the long diag-
onal. Note that Black's King has
no escape squares, and will be
mated if our three conditions for
mate by a Bishop can be met. A
Queen sacrifice does the job!
t.
2.
3.
4. mate
Plus a second way to mate in 3!
Salo Flohr-
Who Almost Made It!
It really happens. A young un-
known chess player visits a chess
toumament where he plays rapid
games with the participating mas-
ters for small stakes. By the end
of the
prizewinners. The story was told
of a young Czech named Salo
Flohr in the late 1920s, after he
had emptied the pockets of some
of the world's best-known play-
ers at a tournament in Berlin.
Walter Browne, later champion
of the United States, also came
to the chess world's attention be-
cause of his ability at rapid play.
Salo Flohr's skill at speed
chess (five minutes allowed each
player) was soon matched by his
success in international play. Be-
tween 1,93L and, 1937 he made
20 Checkmate! CkeeY:

the best record among the world's Flohr, playrng Black, drew this re l:nmed in at KNl. Black now open ba
grandmasters, playing in ten im- game instead of winning it. He m=-( quickly by sacrificing his to des'i(
portant tournaments in which he has obtained a position in which l,-::c. forcing the White King mor es tl
lost a tntal of only two games! he could have mated with a i: - exposed square where it is the squ:
He was scheduled to play and Bishop. First he had to make a r;.:;J by a supported Bishop. maied. .

expected to win a match for the move that cut off White's escape 1-ou sbor
world championship then held by squares. Then he had to clear the if you r
Alexander Alekhine. But World long diagonal. Perhaps he should to a mnt
War fI came before the match not be criticized too harshly for Ciagonal
could be held, and Alekhine died missing the winning line, for it is escape s
soon afterward. Flohr, by then as subtle as it is brilliant! Bishop t
a Russian citaen, was unable to
maintain his supremacy by the 1. . . .. Q-B8ch
late 1940s. He began to make 2. B-Nl
mistakes, his poorer toumament
Now White's King has no es-
results soon reflecting a decline
cape square. Can White clear the
in his playrng strength. The man long diagonal for a Bishop check?
everyone expected to make it to
the top of the chess ladder had
A Queen sacrifice would have DIAGRAM 32
done the job.
been stopped by events and Itrct Offers a Queen Sacrifice.
Father Tim+both beyond his 2..... Q-Bfth! S-hen It is Accepted,
Ee \Iates in Five Moves!
control. Diagram 31 shows the 3. BXQ BXBmate
kind of slip that came with in-
cteasing frequency, and finally Too bad. Flohr almost made
QXN
led to Flohr's retirement. it, but here, as in too many of his
later games, he weakened after
: i,*o B-B4ch
building up a winning position.
: f,-R2 P_Nfth
!, f,-R3 B-B1ch
BXQmate
Not all mates by a Bishop -{\-{Lr
occur by an attack along an open l[-h mate takes 6 moves if fhrs i
long diagonal. Sometimes the fr': :: :1a1s 3. Q-Q4, B X Qch; ]-ou n't
final attacking move is a capture L LK3. B X Bch; 5. K-R2, furil Ei
or a chesk from close range. The I-\-fth: 6. K-R3, B-81 Ca-feg- -

position in Diagram 32, from a mrrl::. Th: 5-mOve mate OCCu:fed forcal u
game won by the American mas- JE
=E i?;ne. it Eill b(
ter Samuel Factor in 1921, has (lrt:.: vou see that a mate by on qtag
occurred many times in games by r 3s:.lp is posible after the
DIAGRAA{ 3I other players. It develops when srre=1- King has been forced to 1. _
Black Coulil Have Mateil White plays poorly in the King's Er -:rctected position on the t._
in Ihree Moves! Gambit, permitting his King to r,rrE: i the board or out on the 3._

ffs Flohr, playrng Black, dlsw this
I in- game instead of winning it. He
t hc has obtained a position in which
E! he could have mated with a
rl Bishop. First he had to make a
r fu move that cut off White,s escape
Ett sqpar€$ Then he had to clear the
ffi tong diagonal. Perhaps he should
tt not be criticized too harshly for
&d missing the winning linq for it is
I- as subtle as it is brilliant!
bto
; oc l. .... G-B8ch
*e 2. LNl
E
tu Now White's King has no es-
cape square. Can White clear the
E lmg diagonal for a Bishop check?
Er A Queen sacriflce would have
H done the job.
d Black Ofters a Queen Sacrifice.
tsr 2-.... Q-Bdcht
ft 3. BXQ BXBmate
[]
nt 4h
Tm bad. Flohr almost made
hue, as in too many of his
lfrrr games, he weakened after
hilding up a winning position
Not all mates by a Bishop
Grr by an attack along an open
long diagonal. Sometimes the
frnal attacking move is a capture
or a check from close range. The
psition in Diagram 32, ttom a
game won by the American mas-
ter Samuel Factor in 1921, has
occnned many t'mes in games by
dh€r players. It develops when
Wffie plays poorly in the King,s
C@bit, permitting his King to
be hemmed in at KNl. Black now
wins quickly by sacrificing his
Queen, forcing the White King
to an exposed square where it is
mated by a supported Bishop.
DlAGRArvt 32
When It is Accepted,
He Mates in Five Moves!
QXN
B-B4ch
P-N6ch
B-B1ch
BXQmate
The mate takes 6 moves if
White plays 3. Q-Q4, B X ech;
4. B-K3, B X Bch; 5. K-R2,
P-N6ch; 6. K-R3, B-B1
mate. The S-move mate occurred
in the game.
Once you see that a mate by
a Bishop is possible after the
enemy King has been forced to
an unprotected position on the
edge of the board or out on the
Checkmate by a Bishop 2l
open board, all you must do is
to decide on the sequence of
moves that will force the King to
the square on which it will be
mated. Here are two positions
you should be able to solve easily
if you remember the three keys
to a mate by a Bishop-an open
diagonal, an enemy King without
escape squares, and an attacking
Bishop that cannot be captured.
DIAGRAM 33
White Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
This is a typical position, one
you will meet in this or a similar
form many t:mes in your chess
career. The Black King can be
forced to the open board where
it will be mated by a Bishop. But
on what square will you mate it?
1.
3. mate
--
 Checkmatel CIG
escape squares. The position on Black would be mated after Id
Diagram 35 is one of our favor- 1.....KXR;2.FR2ch, Diqgr
ites. Play through the moves to Q-R6 (forced);3. Q X Qmate WhrrtD
the mate and gain nesr respect (for the White Pawn at B5 cuts brqgt
for the beauty of an active chess oft the Black King's escape 1. Eel
imagination We have here the square.
rffi
end of a swashbuckling offhand pd
game in which the players castled Q-KSch
2. R(R2)-Uz
on opposite sides of the board
tbl
Here2.....R(N1FN2 2. Tot
and then opened lines for direct would permit an immediate mate tor
attacts ou the castled Kings. by any Bishop move, for Black Kq
DIAGRAM 34
would then have no way to inter- o(E
: Q. KOLTANOWSKI AMATET R
- pose a piece against the attack {
Blindfold Exhibition-England, 19 3 7 by the White Rook on QR8. mI
White llflates in Ihree Moves 3. Th,
3. Q-R2ch Q-R6 Eito
And what other move is there WE
ANALYSIS Bl-
to delay the mate? If Black plays
This type of position also oc- iryt
3. . . . . R-tr(2, then 4. B-K5
curs frequently when a Queen hg
is mate at once.
has broken into an etremy King
position. You should then try re- 4. QXQch
OE
R-R2 mmd'
arrangng the pieces in your 5. B-Ks mate IIX'T!E3
mind" Suppose the Black King DIAGRAM 35
catrhd I
' i were at Black's KBl while the fi/hite Can llfiate in Five Moves!
Onginilf
I White Queen cut off its escape to
adjacent white squarqs. Then a Black would win quickly if it
Bishop check at R6 would be were his move. To begn with, Dol
mate! Two Queen moves can he threatens 1. . . . . P-Q8 nnefe i
tlrd F
force this. 1: Q)ch, which wins quickly, or tmatpa
1._ 1..... R-N8ch;2. R X R,
RX Rch; 3. Q-81, R X a Khtt I
3. mate mate or p X e(: e) mate. But ?rotcfr
it is White's tum to move, and tob
Perhaps youte found these he comes through first because Bifut
mates with a Bishop easy. Well,
his Bishop can occupy the long DIAGRAAA 36
cmff
- it is very difrcult to
sometimes
diagonal at the killing moment. Ytr fog
fnd a seriqs of moves that will Therefore:
Look back to Diagram 24.In ymbd
lead to that desired Bishop on a efrecL White's play has resulted of rk
diagonal attacking a King without 1. RXPch! RXR in the basic mate with a Bishop! dqud

qle squares. The position on
E+Fam 35 is one of our favor-
lr. Play through the moves to
b mate and gain new respect
r tte beaufy of an active chess
rgination We have here the
d d a swashbuckling offhand
in uihich the players castled
r- qpmite sides of the board
d th€n opened lines for direct
lG on the casfled Kings.
DIAGRAM 35
,h Cen Mate in Five Moves!
Xr'ck would win quickty if it
ua his move. To begin with,
e thealens 1. . . P-Q8
= Q)cb which wins quickly, or
,....R-NSch;2.RXR,
: X Rch; 3. Q-81, R X O
t m p X e(: e) mare. But
ir $Ihite's turn to move, and
B csmes through first because
b Bfuhop can occupy the long
trrr-t at the killing moment.
Hore:
LEXPch! RXR
Checkmate by aBishop
Black would be mated after I-ook back to the position of
1.....KXR;2.FR2ch, Diagram 35. What thoughts led
Q-R6 (forced);3. Q X Qmate White to find the moves that
(for the White Pawn at B5 cuts brought him to the mate?
off the Black King's escape 1. He had to recognize the pos-
squa.re. sibility of reaching the basic
position of a Bishop mate on
Q-KSch
2. R(R2)-ttlZ
the long diagonal
Hete2..... R(N1FN2 2. To reach that position, he had
would permit an immediate mate to understand that the Black
by any Bishop move, for Black King could be locked in the
would then have no way to inter- corner without escape squares
pose a piece against the attack by its own pieces
by the White Rook on QR8. -blocked
on R2 and Nl.
3. The key to the final position
3. Q-R2th Q-R6 was that a White Rook and a
And what other move is there White Queen prevented
Black's Rooks from interpos-
to delay the mate? If Black plays
3. . . . . R-I(2, then 4. B-K5 ing to block the mate on the
is mate at once.
long diagonal.
Once White's thoughts had
4. QXQch R-R2 moved through these points, the
5. B-Ks mate moves leading to mate almost
called themselves out from the
original position!
Do you understand how to
mate with a Bishop? Remember
that your Bishop must check on
an open diagonal while the enemy
KW has na escape squtres, no
protected piece can be interposed
to block the clrcck, and your
Bishop cennot be captured. Let's
conclude with six positions of
DIAGRAAA 36
varying difficulty that will permit
Look back to Diagram 24.Ii, you to demonstrate your mastery
effect, White's play has resulted of this basic checknate tech-
in the basic mate with a Bishop! niquel
24 Checkmate!

DIAGRA,IiA 37
G. KOLTANOWSKI
-
P. WEBB
Blindf old Exhibition, I 94 I
IVhite Mates in Tko Moves
ANALY$S
Mate is not forced in this po-
sition, but White wins a Queen
if his opponent does try to pre-
vent the mate. So, assume that
Black tries to keep the material
even (as he did in the game), and
find the quick mate with a
Bishop.
mate
ANALYSrc ANALYSIs
Your Bishop is already on the Black resigned after White's
long diagonal. Your other Bishop first move in this position. White
cuts off Black's only possible es- has just sacrificed two Rooks on
cape square. If you can open the the KR file to open a key diag-
long diagonal and then move your onal. Now he has a simple mate
King to discover an attack by in three that depends on a
the Bishop, then Black is mated. Bishop. The mate is easy to find
Remember, it matters not that ooce you see which diagonal is
you sacrifice material-so long Eitical!
as you then mate!
1.
1. )
, mate 3. mate
TERM IO
Discoyered '(NOW
check Hfu cil-A check
unmosked when o piece on the
ronk, ftle, or diogonol involved
is moved, thus opening thot line
for the check.
1.
2.
3.
DIAGRAM 40
IVhite Mates in Ttvo Moves

AI{ALYSN
This is a common endgame pe
sition. Black's King lacks qscape
squares. If only White could
check with his Bishopl Once you
Rook at Kl is pro-
see that the
DIAGRAM 39 tectd by your Knight, the mate
KOSSTKOV K{LTNSKI fo easy.
DIAGRAA,I 38
-
Soviet Union,1974 D
IYhite Mates in lho Moves White Mates in Three Moves mate WE

ANALYSE
Your Bishop is already on the
bng diagonal. Your other Bishop
curs oft Black's only possible es-
cape square. If you can open the
long diagonal and then move your
Km-s to discover an attack by
tbe Bishop, then Black is mated.
Remember, it matters not that
you sacrifice material-so long
as you then mate!
t.
2. mate
,ERTI IO KNOW
Cliscovered check His cil-A
unmosked when o piece on the
ronk, file, or diogonol involved
b rnoved, lhus opening thot tine
for the check.
DIAGRA,IA 39
xosslKov _ I(ALINSKI
Soviet Union, 1974
White lllates in Three Moves
Checkmate by aBishop
ANALYSIS
Black resigned after White's
first move in this position. White
has just sacrificed two Rooks on
the KR file to open a key diag-
onal. Now he has a simple mate
in three that depends on a
Bishop. The mate is easy to find
once you see which diagonal is
ctiticall
1.
2. Black Mates in lhree Moves
3. mate
ANALY$S
White would be mated if the
long diagonal had no White
Paums on it. The task, then, is
check to remove these Pawns and any
piece that tries to interpose on
the diagonal. With these hints the
forceful mate in three should be
obvious.
1.
2.
3. mate
DIAGRAM 40
White Mates in l\wo MoYes
ANALYSIS
This is a common endgame po-
sition. Black's King lacks escape
squares. If only White could
check with his Bishopt Once you
see that theRook af K7 is pre
tected by your Knight, the mate
is easy.
1. DnGRArl 42
2. mate TVhite lllates in ftvo Moves
26 Checkmate!

ANALYSN
White has an easy mate in
two, so long as he realizes he
must block the Black King's es-
cape squares while attacking on
the long diagonal. Fortunately, a
Rook move discovers a check by
the Queen so that Black lacks
time to create an escape square
for his King.
2. mate
Norr: show the mate after
eachof Black's possible first
moves.
REMEMBER!
1. Look for a Bishop mate when CHAPTER 3
your opponent's King is on an
open diagonal and lacks es-
cape squares. Checkmate by a Frnight
2. Similarly, when a Bishop can
check at a square adjacent to
the enemy King and thereby
mate it, place a piece in posi-
tion to support the Bishop.
3. Be prepared to sacrifice mate-
rial to force a diagonal open
for your Bishop when its at-
tack on that diagonal leads to 'Everything was going well un- the heEr
mate. ull that Knight checkt" How often again{ dI
bave you heard that complaint D. RoEdJ
from someone who has just lost ac@
m important game? Or, more rl
timal
@ortant, how often have you with tu t
yourself muttered the same low rll!
smds? Any player, beginner to teq+ X6
gmOmaster, can be urrprised by tb iryd
a Knight move. Other piecas sill reo
EoYe in straight lines, and it is Europc. G
rdatively easy to see from one hcddu
ctrd to the other of a rank, file, OOe elsA D
u diagonal. But the Knight can sffidd
rander across the board defying and 19Bq
6e straight lines that catch the cballeagcr l

c,re. This permits it to make pi@ship i

sdden appearances on squares game lkr
rhere it then has a fatal effect on proAuCq
the course of a gtme. the hiddrr
One of the memorable attacks SetWft
mdng the lftight was played by ect
final

27
IEME}IBERI
l- I-ook for a Bishop mate when
your opponent's King is on an
open diagonal and lacks es-
caPe squares.
L $milarly, when a Bishop can
check at a square adjacent to
tte enemy King and thereby
, rnitr it, place a piece in posi-
tion to support the Bishop.
f. Be prepared to sacrffice mate-
rial ls force a diagonal open
for 5-our Bishop when its at-
tack on that diagonal leads to
Eate.
CHAPTER 3
Gheckmate by a flrnight
"Everything was going well un-
til that Knight checkl" How often
have you heard that complaint
from someone who has just lost
an important game? Or, more
important, how often have you
yoruself muttered the same
words? Any player, beginner to
grandmaster, can be urprised by
a lftight move. Other pieces
move in straight tines, and it is
relatively easy to see from one
end to the other of a rank, file,
or diagonal. But the lfuight can
wander across the board defying
the straight lines that catch the
eye. This permits it to make
zudden appearances on squares
where it then has a fatal efiect on
the course of a game.
One of the memorable attacks
using the Ifuight was played by
27
the Italian master Monticelli
against the grandmaster Ewfim
D. Bogolyubov. Grandmasterg
accustomed to winning interna-
tional tournaments, are players
with far better records than the
lower ruted intemational mas-
terc. Monticelli, af,. alseran in
the important tournaments, wds
still one of the bast players in
Europe. Given the opportunity,
he could win as brilliantly as any-
one else. Bogulyubov, one of the
giants of the game in the 1920s
and 1930s, was an unsuccessful
challenger for the world's cham-
pionship in t934. But in this
game Monticelli was in charge,
producing a classic example of
the hidden power of the Ifuight.
Set up the position before the
final attack.
 Checkmate!
Chr*tu,
trCmgcan be forced into a c,omer ing tbsir p
Now we see the meaning of quare in an ending of King and permiting e
Black's first move. White's Kz
Etright against King and Rook mates dndnc
is blocked by his Rook. As things
stand, the Black Queen controls
Pawn, the mate can be forced look at tm
it White can achieve the position strosities to i
the long diagonal and White's ilr
first rank. The only escae square
d Diagram 44. A\e position in a Knigftt
DiaSam 45 ocsurs frequenfly, first is a pd
still available to the White Kiog Ib
is K3. However:
d is only two short moves re- opening
uoved from that of Diagtam 4:4. to play h c
4 N-Ns mate Black m4F
Because the Knight controls position in d
White's K3 while attacking the only his Qu
DIAGRAM 43
Black Mates in Four Moves!
King. 1. P{t
2. P-S'
Monticelli was Black. All of Mates'by a Knight are easiest
his pieces (and his KRP) cover to find when the enemy King is 3. It{l
squares near the White King. locked in a corner of the board.
Now he must find the mate. The The position of Diagram 44 oc-
problem is that White has too curs quite often. It is the simplest
many escape squares. The first example of mate with a Knight.
step must therefore be to limit DIAGRA,I,I 45
those escape squares. ffie Illates in llyo Moves
1. N-K7ch! The Knight prevents the Black
The Knight is sacrificed. White rngfrom moving to Black's R7.
must capture it, for if 2. K-R2, & White King prevents an es-
Black plays 2. . . .. Q-N7 mate. crpc to the N-fiIe. White mates
h tm by forcing the Black Pawn
2. RXN R:B8ch! b rdvance (making R7 unavail- T
The purpose of this second & to the Black King), mean-
sacrifice is to make roorn for ufrile vacating the White KBz There it L
Black?s Queen at R8. If
White Fe for a Knight check-and Try it out q
DIAGRAM 44 ffie.
refuses the sacrifice by 3. K-R2 if they tdl
Black can mate at once by 3.
As in all checkmates, a King
r. K-B1 P_R7 sensq fq s
Q-R8 mate or 3.
lacking an escape square is here
Z :Y-82 mate mit r
soch
R-R8 mate. opening ft
attacked (and therefore mated) rlrrperislsefl players some- game lm L
3. KXR Q-RBch by a piece that is itself immune fucs meks the mistake of block- enced Rrudr
4. I(-B,2 from capture. Once an enemy

Now we see the meaning of
Black's first move. White's K2
is blocked by his Rook. As things
stand, the Black Queen controls
the long diagonal and White's
frst rank. The only escae square
stifl available to the White King
is K3. However:
4..... N-Nsmate
Because the Knight controls
Etite's K3 while attacking the
Kine.
IIates by a Knight are easiest
b fud when the enemy King is
locked in a corner of the board.
The position of Diagram 44 oc-
ers guite often. It is the simplest
aample of mate with a Knight.
DIAGRAM 44
.{s all
checkmates, a King
i-u
leckine an escape square is here
fracked (and therefore mated)
ty a piece that is itself immune
ftm. capture. Once an enemy
King can be forced into a corner
s$ure in an ending of King and
Knight against King and Rook
Pawn, the mate can be forced
if White can achieve the position
of Diagram 44. T\e position in
Diagram 45 occurs freQuenfly,
and is only two short moves re-
moved from that of Diagam 44.
DIAGRAJIA 45
IVhite lVlates in ltwo Movs
The Knight prevents the Black
King from moving to Black's R7.
The White King prevents an es-
cape to the N-fiIe. White mates
in two by forcing the Black Pawn
to advance (making R7 unavail-
able to the Black King), mean-
while vacating the White KB2
square for a Knight check-and
mate.
1. K_Bl P-R7
2. N-B2mtte
Inexperienced players some,-
time,s make the mistake
of block-
Checkmate by a Knight 29
ing their positions and then
permitting a Ituight check that
mates during the opening. Let's
look at two such opening mon-
strosities to illustrate the danger
a lfuight invasion can bring. The
first is a problem rather than an
opening line you are ever likely
to play for either side. TASK-
Black mates from the opening
position in tfuee moves, moving
only his Queen's Knight.
1.P-QB4 N-QB3
2. P-K3 N-NS (or
N-K4)
3. N-K2?? N-Q6 mate
DIAGMM 46
There it is, the task completed.
Try it out on your friends. And
if they tell you that it is non-
sense, for no player would per-
mit such an easy mate in the
opening, show them this short
game lost in 1950 by an experi-
enced Russian toumament player.
30 Checkmate! chtu
White Black squarG r
PAUL KERES R. ARLAMOVSKI opPoncn
CARO.KANN DEFENSE Mae
crede r
1. P-K4 P-QB3 ringpd
2. P44 P-Q4 p@cilt
3. N-QB3 PXP f

theyUd
4. NXP N-Q2 the la
s. rK2 N(N1)- emii
83 ??
itrffi
6. N-Q6 mate r(i"gq
DIAGMM 48
DIAGRA^A 49 byaEli
White Mates in Tipvo Moves VAN DEN ENDEN _ PRASZAK
Lublin,Poland, 1974
ANALYSIS White Mates in Two Moves
White can mate if he can play
AIIALYS$
N-B7 without losing the Knight
to the Black Queen. A Queen Suppose the White Queen were
sacrifice leaves Black without es- mt on the board. White could
cape squares by forcing the Black frea mate by N-R5, for the
Queen to give up its control of Eack King has no escape
Black's KB2. Can you see White's quarcs. The winning move de-
winning move? pd on the fast that a White
x'i$t at R5 also controls
Any player can be mated by a nrckrr KB3. Take your time.
2. mate DIIEI
Knight-and any player can Ih startling sacrifice is not ob
h
learn to use the Knight to mate. Sometimes the enemy King is llrs! Blrr* l
Remember that the ideal position on its second rank with its flrst
is one in which the enemy King rank -controlled by one of your
has no escape squares. A check Rooks. In such cases, if the Kirg
2- mate Yo cr

by your Knight can then be mate.
The problem is often that an
enemy piece controls the square
to which you wish to move your
Knight. What to do? Look for a
sacrifice that forces that piece to
move away, while leaving the
enemy King still without escape
squares. Here is an example of
such a mating attack.
is at its R2 or N2, it is in effect But enemy Kings often leave *aE t!
&e corner of the board. Check- that rrrr
still in the corner of the board,
with limited possibilities of es- ,mrir?e -
with a Ifuight may still be cess.
cape. Mate with a Knight is still mrsr'ble if the King lacks escape 1. AII d
possible, as illustrated by the po- ryrares. This can occur when wrd
sition of Diagram 49. FE opponent's Pawns or pieces N6.E
ffi nearby squaf,es, or when 2. la
!m own Pawns or pieces con- Ey tr
ud th€m" AII you then need is a offi
rilfight check (and mate) from a dq

DIAGRAM 48
HLite Mates in Ttpvo Moves
AIILA.LYsls
White can mate if he can play
I{I-87 without losing the Knight
b the Black Queen. A Queen
sifce leaves Black without es-
c4e squares by forcing the Black
Queen to give up its control of
dming move?
2- mate
Somerimes the enemy King is
c is second rank with its flrst
rk -conrolled by one of your
Rmks. In such cases, if the Kirrg
fo at its R2 or N2, it is in effect
dl in the corner of the board,
rilt lirnited possibilities of es-
cTe Mate with a Knight is still
rd1e, as illustrated by the po-
iitlo of Diagram 49.
DIAGRAJTA 49
VAN DEN ENDEN PRASZAK
- 1974
Lublin,Poland,
White Mates in ltwo Moyes
ANALYSIsi
Suppose the White Queen were
not on the board. White could
then mate by N-R5, for the
Black King has no escape
squares. The winning move de-
pends on the fact that a White
Knight at, R5 also controls
Black's KB3. Take your time.
The startling sacrifice is not ob.
vious!
2. mate
But enemy Kings often leave
the comer of the board. Check-
mate with a Knight may still be
possible if the King lacks escape
squares. This can ocflr when
your opponent's Pawns or pieces
block nearby squares, or when
yonr own Pawns or pieces con-
trol them. AII you then need is a
Knight check (and mate) from a
Checkmate by a Knisht 31
square not controlled by your
opponent.
More commonly, you must
sreate such a blocked enemy
King position by forcing your op-
ponent's piece to sguares where
they block the Kingls escape from
the later Knight check. Begin by
examining this complex position
in which two sactifices leave a
King trapped and ripe for mate
by a Ituight.
DIAGRAM 50
DRUGANOV PANTALEIEV
-
Correspondence gamc, 79 56
Black IVIates in lhree Moves
You can best understand this
mate by following the thoughts
that must have led Black to suc-
cess.
1. All of my pieces are active. I
would like to mate by N-
N6. How?
2. I must clear the diagonals for
my two Bishops so that they
control the escape squares Q7
and QB7. Ihis means I must
32 Checkmate!
ch&
Of crc
move away my Knight and tions arg!
get White to move away his SpieUu
Bishop.
edsd L
3. That will leave White's Q1 btoqEI
available for the King's es- E
todes.
cape. How can I force White wimcs t
to occupy that square with a frniqhcd t
piece?
dt@
4. In doing all this, I must re- ,1rt d 8
member that my Queen has to
leave its present square to
Fiedh
make room for my Knight DIAGRAM 5I
DIAGRATTA 52 beree
IVhite IVIates in Ihree Moves Its adyr
II{BITCH
now at R8.
5. All is clear. First I force the
GRIGORIEF
- 193 I
Schaffhousen,
tim q
Black Mates in Two Moves
AT{ALYSIS youqg d
White Rook to Ql. A Queen Amir
On what square can the Black
sacrffice does that. Then I wdd fr
check with my Knight at K7 ANALYSIS King be mated? Suppose it were
at its I(2 and a Black BishoP their t"-
to force White to capture with This ending has been reached piad tu
were at its KB3 to block the
his Bishop. All lines are then
under control for the Knight
after several sacrifices by Black
have forced the White King to its
King's escape. Then White could rbq
present position-where its only mate with N-85. How can this fleqhed 1
mate. That does it!
escape square is at its R5. A situation be forced? Remember Onedfl
1.Q-Q8ch! RXQ Ihightcheck (at Black's 85) will that sacrifices can be usd to in histf
2.N-K7ch BXN also control White's force an opponent to occupy a TepBI
3. N-N6 mate square-and
escape
be mate! What square! wh,h
aod r.t
move, by introducing a new mate
The analysis of the next two tion rIL
threat, gives Black time to play
positions should help you to dis- N_B5 mate? 3. mate
cover similar mates based on the
blocking of escape squares. Once 1.
RuilaU Spielmann-
such blocking has been achieved, 2. mate The Britliant
- Win Comes First!
the King is subject to check-and
mat+by a Knight. It must be fnrstrating to be
talented and only partly success-
ful Rudolph Spielnann (1883-
1942) was such a person. One of
the chess world's child prodigieq
he became famous early in his
careerfor his brilliant attacks and
eodless search for combinations.
 Checkm.ate by a Knight 33

Of course, attacks and combina-

tions are not always possible, and
Spielmann's hunt for more than
existed in many a chess position
brought him losses as well as vic-
tories. He was often a pt':r;e-
winner but only occasionally
finished first during a generation
of tourraments. His book, TIU
Art ol Sacrifrce in Chcss, was
printed in a dozen languages and
DIAGRAM 52 became a world-wide best seller.
DIAGRAM 5I
Iilhite lUates in Ihree Moves Its analysis of his best combina-
GRIC,ORIEF IIABITCH
-
Schaffhousen, 193 I tions inspired a generation of
B1ick Mates in Two Moves
AT{ALYSIS young players, including the
On what square can the Black American masters who became
A!T.{LYSIs King be mated? SuPpose it were world famous in the 1930s when
at its I(2 and a Black BishoP their team won the Chess Olyn-
This ending has been reached
t'ts several sacrffices by Black were at its KB3 to block the piad foru times.
King's escape. Then White could The Spielmann combinations
LaYe forced the White King to its
mate with N-B5. How can this flashed around the chess world.
Fcsent position-where its only one of the most 36a-ing came
@pe sguare is at its R5. A situation be forced? Remember
that sacrifices can be used to in his game against R Walter at
fnieht check (at Black's 85) will Teph6 1928. Spielmann, playng
rlso control White's escape force an opponent to occupy a
square! White, has bored in with Queen
ryare-and be mate! What and lfuight reaching this posi-
DoYe, by introducing a new mate
tion with the Black King on 84.
fueat, grves Black time to play
lLB5 mate? 3. mate

1.
Rudolt Spielmann-
2.
The Brilliant
- Win Comes First!
It must be fnrstrating to be
talented and only partly success-
tuI. Rudolph Spielmann (1883-
1942) was such a person. One of
the chess world's child prodigies,
he became famous early in his
careetfor his brilliant attacks and
endles search for combinations. DIAGRAITA 53
 Checkmate! Checkmae bl
What next? The White Bishop
prevents Black's King from es-
Solution to S

caping to Q3.'Every other square

(DlI
near the King is occupied by one 1. QxI\H
of its own pieces or controlled by 2. NXPr
a White Pawn. Black will be
mated if White can find a Knight
check while Black's King is still
trapped. Study the position for a lacks escapc r
few minutes before you look at those who drr
the answer at the top of the next one or mqc s
page. If you see it quickly, then DIAGRATI 54 DIAGRAM 55 the King o r
A. THOMPSON _ G. MACKENZIE KARALAIC _ NICOLIC Knight qm r
be proud! There may be a touch
of Spielmann in you! Problem-
New York,1866 Pristina,1973
positions rH
Black Mates in Four Moves V9hite Mates in T\rvo Moves yourunriefi
what to do about Black's B?
Opportunities for Queen sac- niques of mt
ANALYSIS .{NALY$S
rifices to prepare for a mate by a
Knight appeff frequently. Con- Captain Mackenzie was one of This mate by alfuight occurred
sider a player's usual method of the best players in the United when Black accePted White's
attacking the opponent's castled States in the Age of Morphy. His ofter of a Queen sacrifice. Had
King position. He tries to bring opponent has misplayed a King's he refused it, he would have been
his Queen and perhaps a Knight Gambit and thinks his King is left with a lost ending. So assume
and another piece to bear on the now safe at QB3. But Black plays that there is a square at which
Pawns in front of that King. 1. . . . . Q X QPch. If White de- -r-ou cao offer
your Queen, and
When there are few enemy pieces clines the sacrifice and plays 2. nben assume further that Black
able to defend against the on- K-Q2, he is mated by 2. loes take it. Mate by a Knight
slaught, sacrifices become pos- Q-K6ch; 3. K-B3, B-N2ch; Sen follows because Black has
sible to force the enemy King to 4. K-84, B-R3 mate. White Eo escape squares. What Queen
a square where it can be mated. accepts the Queen sacrffice and move won this game?
is mated at his K4. What are the ilI
The next two positions illustrate
Queen sacrifices permitting mate moves? Y9hite DIt
2. mate
by a Knight. QXPch
for mate by a Knight. ANALffi
1. aaaa

2. KXQ So much
3. E can occur in the ending when Don't be ftil
4.
-
te enemy King is pinned against 1fo41 this is e I
mat+by a $e edge of the board or traPPed task is sindc.
in the cofller. It is easiest when Black IG"g F
K4ight!
6e King is hemmed in bY its R8, force B
crn pieces. It can also occur on Pawns. FlDrq
*F open board when the King forced to pl4
 Checkmate by a Knight 35

I
F
Solution to Spiehnann-IValter
a
b
@iagram 53)
,
I
1. QXNch! BXQ(forced)
I 2. N X Pmate
ta

l
I
1 lacks escape squares. And, for
t those who dare to force matters,
F one or more sacrffices can force
I DIAGRAA{ 54
A. TEOMPSON G. MACKENZIE
- -
l New York, 1866
Black Mates in Four Moves
AII.{LYSIS
Captain Mackenzie was one of
&e best players in the United
$ates in the Age of Morphy. His
ryonent has misplayed a King's
Cambit and thinks his King is
now safe at QB3.But Black plays
1. . . . . Q X QPch. ff White de-
clines the sacrifice and plays 2.
K-{2, he is mated by 2.
fK6ch; 3. K-83, B-N2ch;
4. K-B4, B-R3 mate. White
accepts the Queen sacrifice and
is mated at his K4. What are the
moves?
I QxPcn
2 KXQ
3.
4-
mat+by a
nUight!
DIAGRAM 55 the King to a square where a
KARALAIC NICOLIC Knight can mate. Try the six
Pristina,l973
positions that follow to check
TVhite Mates in Ttwo Moves your understanding of these tech-
niques of mate with a Knight.
ANALYSIS
This mate by aKnight occurred
when Black accepted White's
ofter of a Queen sacrifice. Had
he refused it, he would have been
left with a lost ending. So assume
that there is a square at which
)-ou can offer your Queen, and
.hen assume further that Black
Joes take it. Mate bY a Knight
then follows because Black has
m escape squares. What Queen
move won this game?
DIAGRAM 56
White Mates in FiYe Moves
2. mate
ANALYSIS
So much for mate bY a Knight.
h can occur in the ending when Don't be frightened bY the fact
- King is pinned against
rhe enemy that this is a mate in five. Your
'Jre edge of the board or traPPed task is simple. While keePing the
in the cofller. It is easiest when Black King pinned down at its
tu King is hemmed in bY its R8, force Black to advance
orn pieces. It can also occur on Pawns. Finally, when Black is
Se open board when the King forced to play P-R.7, You will
 36 Checkmate! chtu
have a position similar to the 1.
ones in Diagrams 44 and 45, 2.
Look back at them before you J.
attempt this one.
1.

mate

DIAGRATtA 59

VYhite'Mates in Three Moves re

fu\ALYSIS ANALIN
Consider this position an in- This o
DIAGRAM 58 troduction to the double check- trates e r
VIRTANEN BJORQUIST an attacking technique important open tn
C - game, 1974
orrespondence later in this book. The win here by your I
White Mates in Four Moves depends on a check by the White by you
Queen and Knight-simultane- Black f,r
DIAGRAM 57
ANALYSIS msly. That means you must open where I
Black Mates in Three Moves This is another attack that oc- the long diagonal on which the That m
curs frequently. The key to the Queen, Knight, and Black King is maD,-
(From a position in one of the first
chess books, by Greco in 1516!) win is that the Black King can be $rnd. You can do this if you a silrrc
forced to its N1 while a protected force the Black Rook to R2 in- tocffi
ANALYSIS White Pawn is at White's KN7. sead of its present N2. You will tusing? I
Then, with the Black King lack- tben have a double check that to the 1r
This is an example of forcing
the enemy King into the corner, ing escape squares, a Knight mates a King trapped in the bep!
where it is hemmed in by its own check is mate. The mate depends @rner without escape squares. 1._
pieces and subject to mate by a on two sacrffices-a Rook fol- 2._
Knight. How can you force the lowed by a Queen. The first
White King to KR1? Once there, clears a line; the second makes 3. double check and
how can you prevent it from re- use of it. On what square does mate!
turning to KNl? Why not con- the Knight mate?
sider a Queen sacrffice? Many -
games are won each year by the
technique illustrated by this at-
tack! 4. mate
 Checkmate by a Knight 37

F1.
,,)
13.

DIAGRAM 59 DIAGRAM 60

TVhite'Mates in Three MoYes Tt/hite Mates in Two Moves

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
Consider this Position an in- This composed position illus-
DIAGRAM 58 troduction to the double check- trates a mate by a Knight on the
}TRTANEN BJORQUIST an attacking technique imPortant open board. Note that any move
C - game, 1 974
orrespondence later in this book. The win here by your Knight unmasks a check
YFhite Mates in Four Moves depends on a check bY the White by your Bishop that forces the
Queen and Knight-simultane- Black Knight back to its K3-
ANALYSIS ously. That means you must oPen where it has no escape squares.
This is another attack that oc- the long diagonal on which the That means a check by a Knight
czrs frequently. The key to the Queen, Knight, and Black King is mate-if it doesn't check from
sin is that the Black King can be stand. You can do this if You a square that must remain oPen
fonced to its N1 while a protected force the Black Rook to R2 in- to control an escape square. Con-
Ehite Pawn is at White's KN7. stead of its present N2. You will fusing? Just avoid getting back
Then, with the Black King lack- then have a double check that to the position from which you
r
tng escape squares, a Knight mates a King trapped in the began!
,
I c.heck is mate. The mate depends corner without escape squares.
1
m tw-o 5sgriflsss-a Rook fol- 2. mate
! lowed by a Queen. The first
d€ars a line; the second makes 3. double check and
)
use of it. On what square does
the Knight mate?
mate! -
1. -
2.
J.
4. mate
 Checkmate!

mous opponent had just played

P X P, discovering a check on
the White King. But White mates
CHAPTER 4
by driving the Black King to the
open board.
Checkmate by a Rook

DIAGRAM 6I
DANIEL HAIRWITZ _
ADOLF ANDERSSEN
Match, Breslau, 1848
White IVIates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
Harrwitz was a chess profes-
sional of the mid-nineteenth cen-
tury, serving in that capacity in
London and later in Paris. The
clubs that hired him ftnsw trit
play was often brilliant-a show-
piece for their activities. In this
game he used an attack begrn-
ning with a double check to force
a mate with a Knight. His fa-
RBMEMBER!
1. As in other mates, one by a
Knight is possible only when
the enemy King lacks escape
squares.
2. When the enemy King lacks
escape squares and your
Knight can check, seek sacri-
fices to remove enemy defend-
ers of the square on which
the mate can occur.
3. Similarly, other attacking
moves by your pieces can
force enemy pieces to occupy
squares adjacent to the enemy
Kirg, when a Knight check
mates a King that no longer
has escape squulres.
"Let me show you how I beat
How many times have you
heard that phrase, the introduc-
-"
tion to what may be an exciting
game or another illustration of
someone's blunder? But then,
how can you refuse to look at a
same that may contain a position
or an idea that is well worth re-
membering? The chess imagina-
tion is at times miraculous,
exploding what seem to be quiet
positions to produce the most
brilliant of checkmates. One ot
the most complex finishes in re-
oent years involved a mate with I
it
a Rook. And yet, was com-
pletely logical. A player saw a Zaicfui,1
way to force his opponent's King ens mate L
to a square where it had no es- for the E-
cape from a Rook check! White r-
The game was played in a White's u
1973 Russian tournament. The saw a winlt
Russian master Zaichev was believed! $
mowing down the opposition BlacHs Kir
39
c opponent had just played
X P, discovering a check on
eWhite King. But White mates
,&iring the Black King to the
:n board.
HT,-I REIU
As in other mates, one by
Enigh6 is possible only when
ft enemy King lacks escape
filBares"
When the enemy King lacks
.-c-ft squares and your
fnighl can check, seek sacri-
ftes to remove enemy defend-
crl of the square on which
,& mate can occur.
Snilar[y, other
attacking
DYes by your pieces can
fuce enemy pieces to occupy
sln2res adjacent to the enemy
Fmg when a Knight check
-rt6 a King that no longer
b escape squzlres.
CHAPTER 4
Gheckmate by a Rook
a
"Let me show you how I beat until he was paired against a rela-
How many times have you tive unknown named Alexan-
heard that phrase, the introduc- drov. They reached this position.
-')
tion to what may be an exciting
game or another illustration of
someone's blunder? But then,
how can you refuse to look at a
game that may contain a Position
or an idea that is well worth re-
membering? The chess imagina-
tion is at times miraculous,
exploding what seem to be quiet
positions to produce the most
brilliant of checkmates. One of
the most complex finishes in re-
cent years involved a mate with DIAGMM 62
a Rook. And yet, it was com-
pletely logical. A player saw a Zaichev, playing Black, threat-
way to force his opponent's King ens mate in one by . . . . Q-R7,
to a square where it had no es- for the Black Bishop cuts off the
cape from a Rook check! White King's escape. But is it
The game was played in a White's move, and Alexandrov
1973 Russian tournament. The saw a win that must be seen to be
Russian master Zaichev was believed! Suppose he could force
mowing down the opposition Black's King to its QR1, open
39
 40 Checkmate! Cl,a
the QR flle, prevent its escape Black sacrifices his Knight to moves came like clockwork. a gamc i

via QN1, and then check-and delay the mate. He could later After all, he knew the four con- oPP@ i

mate-with a Rook on the QR have delayed it another move by ditions necessary for mate by a attacts t
flle! Alexandrov sees that he can sacrfficing his Rook on Q3. Rook: no escq,
do all this if he sacrifices freely l. The enemy King lacks escape and cm
and plays his moves in the proper
5. BXNch K-R1 squares.
rank ba
sequences. He mates in eleven 2. A Rook can attack it on a ia r.lOee
Now White plays to open the
moves-with Black's responses rank or file.
with a I
QR file. His method is as sharp of thc d
forced all along the way. Play as it is instructive. 3. The Rook is immune from
through the moves first without catr .rEt
capture.
studying the notes. Then go 6. N-B7ch K-N1 4. The Rook check cannot be
through them again with the 7. NXBdblch K-R1 blocked by the interposing of
-onlr
---m el
notes. 8. N-B7ch K-N1 a protected piece or Pawn. -*mi
9. N-QSch K-Rl
1. Q X Nch! 10. N-N6ch! PXN 16i
TERMS TO KNOW Whirc r
The Queen sacrifice is the key
White has created his desired Open file-A file contoining no
BlacL i
to all that follows. It opens lines position. Black's King is at QRl.
Powns.
mate fi
on which the remaining White Open ronk-A ronk on which
pieces can co-ordinate their ac-
A Bishop prevents its escape to there ore no Pqwns or pieces
tivity to force the mate. QNl. The QR flle is open. Mate between o Rook (or Queenl ond
follows. whotever it is ottocking.
Xings in close opposifion-When
1..... KXQ 11. R-Rl mate o King con cut off o ronk or ftle
2. N-NS dbl ch K-Nl io on opposing King, os eoch
BlacKs King has no other King does in Diogrom 64.
move.

3. R-Q8ch!
The mating attack fails with-
out this move. White must force
the Black Rook to leave the
K-file so that there will be no
defense to White's B-B4ch, the
move that forces Black's King
Tbr
It cdd
into the corner. If White had which I
rl played 3. B-B4ch, Black could
QBft
have defended with 3. . . . . DIAGRAM 63
tured I
R-K4. DTAGRAM 64
There it is-an attack to re- gram 6
3..... RXR member. Once Alexandrov had The position of Diagram 64 is R{B
4. B-B4ch N-K4 visualized the fnal position, his fre kind of mate that often ends to tb.(
 Checkmate by aRook 4l

Fifices his Knight to moves came like clockwork. a game in which King and Rook
I nate. He could later After all, he knew the four con- oppose a lone King. The Rook
}cd it another move by ditions necessary for mate by a attacks the Black King, which has
g tis Rook on Q3. Rook: no escape squares on its first rank
1. The enemy King lacks escape
and cannot move to the second
X Nch K-R1 squares.
rank because the White King is
2. A Rook can attack it on a in close opposition. This is mate
Iffie plays to open the with a Rook on a rank. It is one
B method is as shaqp rank or file.
of the three ways in which you
Iructive. 3. The Rook is immune from
can checkmate with a Rook:
capture.
FDiTch K-Nl 4. The Rook check cannot be ---on a rank
X B dbl ch K-R1 blocked by the interposing of {n a file
-'fi7str K-N1 a protected piece or Pawn. an adjacent square.
-.Qfth K-Rl -from
PXN Let's go back a bit to see what
f*"" IERMSIO KNOW White move could have forced
created his desired Open file-A file contoining no
Black into close opposition to
Powns.
Ecffs
f
King is at QRl. Open rqnfr-{ ronk on which make the checkmate possible.
p lrevents its escape to there ore no Pqwns or pieces
b On fle is open. Mate between o Rook (or Queenl ond
whotever it is ottocking.
t
t Kings in close oPPosifion-When
t-I1 mate o King con cut off o ronk or file
to on opposing King, qs eoch
i King does in Diogrom 64.

The White Rook is on KN4.

It could be on any square from
which it can move to the open
F urcnmr og
QB file without itself being cap-
DIAGRAM 64
tured. In the position of Dia-
It is-an attack to re- $am 65, White now plays 1.
I (be Alexandrov had The position of Diagram 64 is R-QB4. The Rook must move
I e final position, his the kind of mate that often ends to the QB file to cut oft the es-
42 Clrcckmate! C'gr
cape of Black's King. Now the positions of the two sides. Black's ANALYSIS ANAf,l
King can make only one move, King has no escape squares and Remember that You will mate Thc
1. . . . . K-K1, when White can can be attacked by a White Rook. the Wh
with a Rook on the eighth rank
mate as in Diagram 64 with 2. White plays 1. R-Q8ch, R X R; while the Black King is at its Q7u
R-88 mate. 2.RXRmate. Black I
This is called a mate on the This, of course, is an ideal po- RXB have a
eighth rank (or back rank). Most sition and a mate easily learned R_81 second
such mates occur when the en- and used. But most mates on the the Kir!
emy King has no escape squares eighth rank require the aid of
on its first rank and cannot move one or more other pieces to cut
4. mate 1._
)
to the second rank because its off escape squares. The trick is 3._
own Pawns or enemy pieces pre- to be able to visualize the final
vent such moves. In the ending, position. For example, in Dia- -
Sometimes a single advanced
such a blocking of escape squares gram 67 White can mate in four Pawn cuts off two escaPe squares Wcl
is often accomplished by a King while a third is blocked bY the of mA
moves in an attack that must use
in close opposition. Once you all four White pieces. The Black opponent's own Pawn or Piece. and o
note that you have an open file King must be forced to its QRl, Diagram 68 illustrates such a bu irE
for your Rook, and that the op- where the White Knight cuts off blocked back rank. Here a sacri- techil
fice forces the Black King to its t€cted
posing King is on your eighth escape via QR2. A Rook
I
its jaccil
rank without escape squares, check on the eighth rank would K1 square, when a White Rook
can mate on the eighth rank. It's Diagrr
your problem is to get a Rook to then be mate if the two Black
fortunate that White has this win, tion-
that rank. Diagram 66 shows a Rooks can be removed. Given
common win based on mate by the first two moves of the win- for Black also threatens to win
a Rook. ning procedure, can you see its u'ith a Rook check on the back
conclusion? Be ready to sacriflce! rank!
E
H
H
T
w
DIAGRAM 66
AITAI.
White mates in two moves. DIAGRAM 67 DIAGRAM 68 The
The material is even, but not the White Mates in Four Moves White lUates in Three Move ited bt

positions of the two sides. Black's
Ki"g has no escape squares and
can be attacked by a White Rook.
White plays 1. R-QSch, R X R;
2.RXRmate.
This, of course, is an ideal po-
sition and a mate easily learned
and used. But most mates on the
erghth rank require the aid of
one or more other pieces to cut
ofi escape squares. The trick is
b 3.
be able to visualize the flnal
lnsition. For example, in Dia-
gram 67 White can mate in four
rlroYes in an attack that must use
ell four White pieces. The Black
King must be forced to its eRl,
Ttere the White Knight cuts oft
fu 6cape via QRZ. A Rook
check on the eighth rank would
then be mate if the two Black
Rooks can be removed. Given
fre first two moves of the win-
nin-g procedure, can you see its
conclusion? Be ready to sacrifice!
DIAGRAM 67
mite i[ates in Four Moves
AI{ALYS$
Remember that you will mate
with a Rook on the eighth rank
while the Black King is at its
QR1.
RXB
R_81
4. mate
-
Sometimes a single advanced
Pawn cuts off two escaPe squares
while a third is blocked bY the
opponent's own Pawn or Piece.
Diagram 68 illustrates such a but just as important for your
blocked back rank. Here a sacri-
fice forces the Black King to its
K1 square, when a White Rook
can mate on the eighth rank. It's
fortunate that White has this win,
for Black also threatens to win
with a Rook check on the back
rank!
DIAGRAM 68
TYhite lUates in Three Moves
Checkmate by a Rook 43
ANALYSIS
The key to this matq is that
the White Pawn at K6 controls
Q7 and KB7. Ttrus, once the
Black King is at its Kl, it will
have no escape squares on its
second rank. How can you force
the King to that square?
1.
mate
We have examined examPles
- by a Rook on the file
of mate
and on the rank. Less common,
technique, is the mate by a pro-
tected Rook from a square ad-
jacent to the enemy King.
Diagram 69 is a good illustra-
tion.
DIAGRAM 69
TVhite Mates in Three Moves
ANAI-YflS
The Black King's scope is lim-
ited by White's advanced Pawns
 c
44 Checkmate!
AT{A
and by the Black Rooks. White and advanced Pawn. A11 White
needs is a pair of Rook moves to
EI
wins by driving Black's King to
a square where it cannot escape mate.
Thr
coflI
from a Rook check on an adja- KR2
1.
cent square. White begins by ched
2. mate
forcing the King to its second for I
rank.
squat
1. wef,E
2. bem
3. mate rn(}gt
DIAGRAM 72
Final Position
t-
All mates with a Rook are L
3-
variations of these three basic sacrificed, while Black's KRP is
attacks-on the rank, on the file, gone. What moves led from Dia- TI
and from an adjacent square. gram 7 L to Diagram 72? with
Let's examine one more of each
to IG
type. 1.
Kir€
2.
3.
bed
DIAGRAM 7I
4. mate
ora
White Mates in Four MoYes tirrpr
IIICTE
ANALYSIS chcd
This position is based on a rGqE
threat in a game between M. sbcr
Vidmar and R. Teichmann in picc.
the Carlsbad, 1907, tournament. Efu
If it were White's move, he could UIrG
mate brilliantly in four moves- dsts
ending with a Rook check and vi&
DIAGRATvi 70 mate on the erghth rank. To aid in pr
IVhite Mates in ltwo Moyes you in finding the dfficu1t se- ad
quence of moves in this combina- meh
ANALYSIS tion, the final position is given in
This is another mate on an DiagtamT2.
adjacent square. Black's King's How does White force mate?
escape routes are blocked by its Look at the final position. White's
DIAGRAM 73
Bishop and White's King, Bishop, Queen and one Rook have been Black Mates in Three Moves

d advanced Pawn. All White
tds is a pair of Rook moves to
ile-
1.
) mate
. 3.
DIAGMM 7I
Shite lIates in Four Moves
FIALYSIs
This prosition is based on
Eczrt b a game between M.
' ?'r- and R. Teichmann in
p C^arlsbad, 1907, tournament.
ll rere \\hite's move, he could
* brilliantly in four moves-
frg with a Rook check and
E on the eighth rank. To aid
m in finding the difficult se-
Ence of moves in this combina-
o, the final position is given in
)furam 72.
Eolr does White force mate?
mt at the final position. White's
I@ aad one Rook have been
Checkmate by a Rook 45
ANALY5IS
Examine this position closelY.
The White King is locked in the
corner. If the White Pawn at
KR2 were gone, a Black Rook
check on the file would be mate,
for White would have no escaPe
squares. Even if the White King
were at R2, a Rook check would
be mate because White could not
move to KN3.
DIAGRAM 72
1. aaao
Final Position
2.
3. mate
sacrfficed, while Black's KRP is
gone. What moves led from Dia- That's all there is to it. Mating
gram 7I to Diagram 72? with a Rook requires the ability
to recognize positions in which a
1.
Kiog without escape squares can
2.
be checked on the rank, the flle,
4. mate
or an adjacent square. Some-
times such mates are obvious and
merely require ths fslsing of a
check. More often the enemy
a King must be forced to the square
where that check is fatal, or its
pieces removed from squares
where they can interpose or cap-
ture the checking Rook. The
eight positions that follow pro-
vide practice in simple mates and
in positions where forcing moves
and sacrifices are necessary to
make the mate occur.
DIAGRAM 73
Black Mates in Three MoYes
 Checkmate! 6
ANALY$S 1.-
This is another mate on the 2--
eighth rank. In an otherwise even 3.-
position, Black has just blun-
dered by playing his Rook to K1. Akibl
White quickly forces the Black Trqgri
King away and then mates. No
wonder a basic goal of successful
ft
thm I
chess players is to make certain
lifettu
that a King on the first rank has
an escape square!
tedd
di
W. STEIMTZ_ AMATEUR White lVlates in Two Moves ffiGE
London,1890 2. mate Rdi!
TVhite ll{ates in lhree Moves ANALY$S c(m
One of the advantages of hav- mti
AIIALYSIS ing a protected Pawn at KN7 in - cffifr
WilheLn Steinitz, one of the this position is that it will in turn beb
great world champions and per- protect a Rook at R8-if White raHi
haps the first scientific chess can get his Rook to that square! IIrp
master, sought pattems leading White has sacrificed everything deFs*
to winning chess formations and but his Rook to reach this posi- fes*r
demonstrated them again and tion. Now he mates in two movqs c@
again. Here the pattenr is clear. no matter what Black does. wbc
White could mate with a Rook if
1. Any move
pld
the Black Rook at KB7 were re- erdFi
2. mate
placed by a White Ituighr on the wh
same square. How does Steinitz fno t
force that change in the position - DIAGRA,IA Z/ tim,
then mate with his Rook? - IVhite llfiates in lhree Moves Er
-and @3
AI\ALY$SI w'il5
3. mate This position is typical of many vn.U
in which mate on a file can be wcI
forced. Black threatens to win at IE
once by. . . . R(2) X Pmate, but B€fr
- it is White's move. He sees that rYhG
he can make Black move his d€,r*
DIAGRAM 76 King to the QR file, open that thm b
TVhite Mates in ltwo Movm file, and then mate along it! trdir
 Checkmate by a Rook 47

AT{ALY$S 1.

This is another mate on the

eighth rank. In an othemise even
position, Black has iust blun-
dered by playing his Rook to K1.
White quickly forces the Black
King away and then mates. No
wonder a basic goal of successful
chess players is to make certain
that a King on the first rank has
an escape square!
ft lilatesin ltwo Moves 1.
2. mate
:lilAtYstrl
h-
3. mate
Akiba Rubinstein-
- Victim of His Times
Tragic
War and the wave.s of hatred
that swept the world during his
lifetime destroyed the great Po-
tential of one of the most talented
and imaginative chess PlaYers of
our century. IIis name was Akiba
Rubinstein, and his story is a
commentary on the failings of

L* (he d the advantages of hav- our times. The youngest of twelve

children in a poor Jewish familY,
[t a protecteA Pawn at KN7 in
he had begun training to be a
lS pcitim is that it will in turn
ifrcct a Rook at R8-if white rabbi when introduced to chess.
icn Ft his Rook to that square! His progress was so rapid that he
tfUe has sacrificed everything decided to become a chess Pro-
E hb Rook to reach this posi- fessional instead. Rubinstein be-
'
:-fu- Nw he mates in two moves came one of many ghetto Jews
D m*tter what Black does. who escaped the restrictions then
placed on those of his religion bY
l. Any move
entering an honored Profession
2- mate
whose members were exemPt
from most discriminatory regula-
DIAGRAM i7 tions.
White Ilrlates in lhree Moves His rapid progress from 1906
on seemed certain to make him
AI\ALY$SI world champion. A match with
This position is tSrpical of many world champion Emanuel Lasker
in which mate on a file can be was set for 1914, but World War
forced. Black threatens to win at I delayed it. Rubinstein was in
once by . . . . R(2) X P mate, but Berlin during the war Years,
it is White's move. He sees that where he went bankrupt and then
he can make Black move his developed a persecution mania
DIAGRAI 75 King to the QR file, open that that broke his powers of concen-
trGlldes in ltyo Moves file, and then mate along it! tration and destroYed his chess
48 Checkmate! CIc
ability. He made several more R X N! When Rotlevi took the ANALYSIS tack at
efforts to play, but finally retired Queen by 2. P X Q, the attack sition i
from the game n L932. The com- continued with 2. . . . . R-Q7! This mate on the eighth rank
is made possible by the exPosed attact r
ing of the Nazis made him a Suddenly Black's mate threats Black i
target of real persecution, and he could not be met. position of White's King and the
Rook o
collapsed. His final years were fact that Black's BishoPs can
a.3.BXB RXQ drive that King to its KNl. There,
firg s
spent in a sanitarium, where he 4. BXR RXPmate QXP
died in 196L. Yet in his lifetime lacking escape squares, it cannot
b.3. QXN BXBch thrcat I
he had produced dozens of new avoid mate by the Rook. Black
4. R-B3 RXR therefore begins with 1.
Black t
chess ideas and had proven that fore d
5. Q-N2 R-KB8ch O X Nch; this oPens the KR6
the six hours daily he spent in
6. RXR BXQmate square for the flrst BishoP check.
win ig t
the study of chess theory could on tel
make a grandmaster a model of Rotlevi therefore played 3. What forcing moves then result
precise play. O X R, and after Rubinstein's in mate? 1. ..
One of Rubinstein's most 3.....BXBch;4.Q-N2. 1. aaaa QXNch
ZQ
memorable wins involved a mate How did Rubinstein now force 2. PXQ 3.
with a Rook as the final point of resignation? Play through the 3.
4-_
an astounfling combination. moves from Diagram 78 and 4.
5._
then add Black's winning move. 5. mate
1.. . . . . RXN
2. PxQ R-Q7
3. QXR BXBch
4. Q-N2
5. Resigns (Why?)

DIAGRAM 78
ROTLEVI RUBINSTEIN
- DIAGRAM 80
Lodz,1907
Black to Play and YYin LARSEN LJUBOJEVIC CFELr
-
Milan,1975
ANALYSIS Black Mates in Five Moyes H
White has just played 1. DIAGRAM 79 ANALYSIS .fu\AL'
P-KN3 to attack Black's Queen. Black Mates in Five Moves
Rubinstein continued with the TWo of the most imaginative Nid
Beginning with
brilliant Queen sacrifice, 1. . . . 1. .... Nch; 2. P X a players in the history of chess, rm*r4l
. QX both aggressive and ready to at- Rook
 Checkmate by aRook 49
X N: When Rotlevi took the
ANALYS$ tack at all costs, reached this po-
sition in which, despite White's
This mate on the eighth rank
possible bY the exPosed
attack on a Rook and a BishoP,
is made
position of White's King and the
Black forces mate in 5-by a
Rook on the eighth rank! Black's
fact that Black's BishoPs can
flrst move threatens 2.
drive that King to its KNl. There,
1{ BXR RXPmate lacking escape squares, it cannot Q X P mate, so White stoPs this
lr.exN BXBch avoid mate by the Rook. Black
threat by 2. Q X B. How does
1{. R-83 R >( R
Black then offer his Queen to
therefore begins with 1.
i5, Q-N2 R-KB8ch force the mate? The key to his
O X Nch; this oPens the KR6 win is the pressure of his Bishop
'GR.xR BxQmate square for the first BishoP check.
on the long diagonal!
Idevi therefore played 3. What forcing moves then result
X R, and after Rubinstein's in mate? 1. Q-Rs!
[-.-.BXBch;4.Q-N2. 1. QXNch
2. Qxn
F did Rubinstein now force 2. iix o
3.
ibuion? Play through the 4.
3.
F fnom Diagram 78 and 4.
5. mate

Fd Black's winning move. 5. mate

p.... RXN
}?XQ R-Q7
h.QXR BXBch
!j &dglrs
Q'-.rz
E (W"hy?)

DIAGRAM 80 DIAGRAM 8I

LARSEN LJUBOJEVIC CIIE MOUI LLET _ KIE SE RTT ZK-:Y

-
Milan,1975 Paris,1840
Black Mates in Five Moves Black ll{ates in Three Moves

DIAGRAM 79 ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

lflrtes in Five Moves TWo of the most imaginative Nineteenth-century masters also
; @inning with players in the history of chess, understood the mate with a
L,....QXNch; 2. PXQ both aggressive and readY to at- Rook. This one takes place on
50 Checkmate!
the open board. White has just
played N X B. If Black recap-
tures the Knight, White will play
P---Q4 and create an escape
square for his King at K3. In-
stead, Black sees a way to mate
with a Rook. White could have
delayed the mate by interposing
his Knight along the way, but
didn't. So, your task is to find
the two Queen moves by Black
and the final mate, dft White
making only the King moves he
played in the game. Black's goal
is to cut off escape squares on the
KN file to prepare for a Rook
mate on the rank.
1. . ... G--
2. K-_ Q-_
3. K-- R-- mate
REMEMBER!
1. Mates by a Rook are most
common when an enemy King
is on an open file and lacks
escape squares, or in a similar
condition on its first rank with
escape squares blocked by its
own Paqms.
2. Most mates by a Rook occur
when the Rook acts in com-
bination with another piece
that supports it on the mating
square or cuts off enemy es-
cape squares.
3. Once the. enemy King has
been forced to a position
where mate by a Rook be-
comes a possibility, examine
sacrifices that force open the
line on which the mate will
occur.
CHAPTER 5
Checkmate by a Queen
The Queen's lethal potential
derives from its great mobility.
It moves quickly across the board,
its sweep of ranks, files, and di-
agonals gring it control of more
squares than any other piece.
This great scope makes a Queen's
invasion of an enemy position
the frequent prelude to mates. No
player is immune from sudden
mating attacks based on the
Queen's power-and no player
can be successful without under-
standing how and when a Queen
can be used to force a mate.
Alexander Aletfiine, regarded
by many chess authorities as the
best chess player of all t'me, had
to leam chess through bitter ex-
perience. Yet he rarely repeated
his mistakes, developing an at-
tacking tecbnique that made him
world champion in 1927. But in ll
1911, a rising star of ninsfeeq
Alekhins misPlayed an opening H
5l
DTEIBER!
lrates by a Rook are most
o(rnmon when an enemy King
fo on an open file and lacks
Gape squares, or in a similar
mdition on its first rank with
Gsr?pe squares blocked by its
own Pawns.
MN mates by a Rook occur
rten the Rook acts in com-
lination with another piece
ihat 5gprports it on the mating
g1uare or cuts off enemY es-
cePe squates.
Once the enemy King has
bGEn forced to a Position
rbre mate by a Rook be-
ormes a possibility, examine
roifices that force open the
he on which the mate will
@Er.
CHAPTER 5
Gheckmate hy a Queen
The Queen's lethal potential against the Swiss master Johner
derives from its great mobility. then played on to the end
It moves quickly across the board, -and
in a lost position. Finally, Johner
its sweep of ranks, f,les, and di- announced a mate in four that
agonals giving it control of more illustrates the power of a sup-
squares than any other piece. ported Queen against an exposed
This great scope makes a Queen's King that soon lacks escape
invasion of an enemy position squares.
the frequent prelude to mates. No
player is immune from sudden
mating attacks based on the
Queen's power-and no player
can be successful without under-
standing how and when a Queen
can be used to force a mate.
Alexander Alekhine, regarded
by many chess authorities as the
best chess player of all time, had
to leam chess through bitter ex-
perience. Yet he rarely repeated
his mistakes, developing an at-
tacking technique that made him DIAGRAM 82
world champion in 1927. But in ALEKHINE JOHNER
1911,, a rising star of
nineteen, -
Carkbad,1911
Alekfiine misplayed an opening Black Mates in Four Moves
51
52 Checkmate! c
This mate illustrates how at- iltus
tacking moves by a Queen on Prrco
the rank, file, and diagonal can Rod
be combined to achieve victory. Pam

1. Q-B7ch 1-

B
Johner begins with an attack K-l
on the diagonal. His Queen is mt't
supported by the Bishop on K6. KJ
2. K-Q1 Q-B8ch DIAGRAM 83
Final Position-
Now the Queen attacks on the Ihe Black Queen Mates L
rank-like a Rook. White's only from an Adiacent Square 3.
move is to interpose his own L
Mates by a Queen are more
Queen, which cuts off his King's
common than any others. They
possible retum to Kl. TI
are often made possible by sac-
pfrt
3. Q-K1 H6ch Understanding mate by a rffices that open lines to permit
tach
Queen follows understanding of the entry of a supported Queen.
Diagram 86 occurred in a 1971
cH
That does it. With this check its ability to do anything a Rook aRo
on the file, the White King has no or a Bishop can do. Diagram 84 Russian tournament in which a
move. The only reply is to inter- illustrates a mate by a Queen on Queen mates because his oppo "dir
nent lacks escape squares. Here
ril
pose and lose his Queen. a diagonal (like a Bishop), while p€nd
Diagram 85 shows one in which again the Queen's power to check
4. Q-Q2 Q X Qmate the Queen mates like a Rook. on the rank, file, and diagonal is 1. I
&
,
(See Diagram 83) q
This mate illustrates the most
q
common mate by a Queen. It is
LT
supported and attacks a King a
without escape squares on an ad- o
jacent square. Note that the E
D
Queen's ability to move like a
Rook or a Bishop gives it control a
of all five squares adjacent to the 3. Ir
King. E
o
DIAGRAJII 84 DIAGRAM 86 P(
Mate by a Queen on a Diagonal White lUates in Four Moves 6
 Checkmate by a Queen 53

illustrated in an attack that was

preceded by the sacrifice of a
Rook and Bishop to remove the
Pawns near the Black King.

1. Q-RSch K-83
If Black had played 1.
K-N2, then White would have
mated quickly by 2. Q-B7ch,
K-Rl; 3. Q-R7 mate (by a
supported Queen on a square ad-
DiAGNAM 83 DIAGRAM 85
jacent to an enemy Kirg),
FEI Position- Mate by a Queen on a Rank
E ct Queen Mates 2. Q-B7ch KXN
u Adiacent Square 3. Q-BSch K-Rs
Mates by a Queen are more 4. Q-nS mate
ssmmor than any others. They
There it is-mate by a sup
are often made possible by sac-
ported Queen that has first at-
mate by a rifices that open lines to permit
tacked like a
Hlows understanding of the entry of a supported Queen. Bishop, then
checked on a file and a rank like
to do anything a Rook Diagram 86 occurred in a 1971,
a Rook, and flnally mated on an
can do. Diagram 84 Russian toumament in which a
adjacent square.
a mate by a Queen on Queen mates because his oppo-
Mate with a Queen, then, de-
(lfte a Bishop), while nent lacks escape squares. Here
pends on three factors:
t5 shows one in which again the Queen's power to check
Eates like a Rook. on the rank, file, and diagonal is 1. The enemy King must be
driven to a square (or be on a
square) where it lacks escape
squares.
2. This lack of escape squares is
easier to force because the
Queen can threaten moves
Iike a Rook or a Bishop at
more squa.res than any other
attacking piece.
3. In addition to possible mates
like a Rook or a Bisho!, the
Queen's ability to invade a
).- uAGrAm 84 DIAGRAM 86 position along any open line
fue QE€n on a Diagonal V[hite ll{ates in Four Moves gives it the power to move

:
54 Checkmate!
quickly to squares adjacent to
the enemy King.
The Queen's gfeat scope and
the speed with which it can
move from one part of the board
to another makes it dangerous to
adopt any opening in which too
many Pawns near the King are
moved. The worst opening moves
possible can lead to such se-
quences as the two chess jokes
called the Fool's Mates.
1. P_KB3? P-K4
2. P-KN4?? Q-Rs mate
Or, with Black playing the
same moves,
1. P_K4
P.-KB3?
2. P-Q4 P-KN4??
3. Q-RS mate
Of course, you do not expect
your opponents to make such ab-
solute blunders. If they do so
more than once, find other op-
ponents. Yet they may make
another kind of error, failing to
see a mate threat in the opening
based on the power of the Queen.
This short game has been played
dozens of times in the experience
of every master who gives simul-
taneous chess exhibitions.
1. P-K4 P_K4
2. N_KB3 P:.Q3
3. B-84 N-QB3
4. P_B3 B-Ns
5.Q-lts BXN??
I
cent to the enemy King when I
that King lacts escape squares. I
Diagram 88 illustrates a mate
in which a Queen forces an in-
terposition and then mates by
switching its attack from a rank
to a diagonal. Diagram 89 illus-
trates a mate on an adjacent
square made possible by the
great mobility of the Queen and
DIAGRAM 87 its ability to switch its ahact
from a rank to a fle.
TVhite Mates in ltwo Moves
The mate is possible because
of the power of a supported
Queen to attack on both the file
and the diagonal.
I
6. BXPch I(-Kz
7. Q-K6 mate
^III
How do you recognize when
a mate by a Queen is possible? TI
Ih
1. You must be able to force the OE
enemy King to a square where DIAGRAM 88 WI
check by the Queen will be White Mates in Two Moves il
mate. This may mean checks tu
to make the KinS move to ANALYSIS ft
that square.
2. You must look for a check Given time to create an escape &
square by . . . . R-Rl or . . . . E+
that will force an interposition
P-N3, Black could easily draw
(E
that then allows you to use H
and might even win. But White
your Queen to check on a
has a dangerous Queen check tu
rank, file, or diagonal to force
that forces Black to interpose on h
mate. tor t
his Ql and thus elirninate his
3. You should try to advance a King's only escape square. How
Pawn or get one or more L
other pieces that can support
does White then use the Queen's L
your Queen at a square adja- Inwer to move along the diagonal 3.
to mate? 4.
 Checkmate by aQueen 55

cent to the enemy King when 1._

that King lacks escape squares. 2. mate
Diagram 88 illustrates a mate
in which a Queen forces an in-
terposition and then mates by -
switching its attack from a rank
to a diagonal. Diagram 89 illus-
trates a mate on an adjacent
square made possible by the
great mobility of the Queen and
DI,AGRA'iA 87
its ability to swirch its aitack
Metes in ltwo Moves
trom a rank to a file.

Eate is possible because

Ixlwer of a suPPorted
b attack on both the file
DIAGRAM 89
diagonal.
White Mates in Four Moves
X Pch K-Klz
mate ANALYSIS
Most of the Pawns are gone,
& you recognizg when and open lines invite an attack.
by a Queen is Possible? The Black King is trapped in the
must be able to force the corner, and will be mated at
King to a square where DIAGRAM 88 White's KN7 if a way can be
by the Queen will be IVhite Mates in Two Moves found to use the White Queen on
This may mean checks the long diagonal. Suppose the
nate the King move to ANALYSIS Black Rook were off the QR flle.
Erluarc. Then a White King move would
Given time to create an escape
Eust look for a check rrnleash the mating power of his
square by . . . . R-RL or . . . .
rill force an interPosition P-N3, Black could easily draw Queen. White's frst move is
lten allows you to use therefore 1. R-Q8ch!, which
and might even win. But White
Queen to check on a forces Black's Rook to capture!
has a dangerous Queen check
fle, or diagonal to force Can you see the continuation af-
that forces Black to interpose on
ter that?
his Ql and thus eliminate his
Smld try to advance a King's only escape square. How
or get one or more does White then use the Queen's
pieces that can suPPort power to move along the diagonal
Oue€n at a square adja- to mate? 4. mate

-
56 Checkmate! a
IERMS IO KNOW adjacent square. In this position
BotterY-1Y1o or more Pieces beor- his goal is KN7. How can he
ing down on the some squore force Black to a square where E
so thot one supports onother mate at KN7 follows?
when it moves to thot squore.
When lhere ore lhree or more
pieces in o bottery, socrifices
1. r
t
2. mate
con be used to remove the tor-
get squore's defenders.
Torget squore-The squqre you
must control to corry out o mot-
ing ottock<ften the squore
which one of your
on
pieces wifi
E
DIAGRAAA 92
deliver mole.
White Mates in Two Moves I
The most common mating bat-
tery in the endgame (and some- ANALYSIS ANIT
times in the middle game) is a Mate would occur in the seme E
Queen on an open file or
diag- way if the White Queen were a Rod
onal plus an advanced Pawn Rook. Once you see that the dorr
close to a King on the edge of Black King lacks escape squares, Th
the board. DIAGRAM 9T you realue all you need is a tirra
IVhite Mates in Ttwo Moves checking piece immune from WE
capture on your eighth rank. How frd
ANALYSIS do you achieve that goal? his Q
White's Rook cuts off the rod r

Black King's escape to the K-fiIe. 2. mate to (F

Once again mate can be forced L
at KN7, after the invasion of the It is important to realize that L
King position by a checking
- can quickly shift its at-
a Queen Br
Queen. tack from one side of the board thcfi
1. to another. Diagram 93 illus- th lr
2. mate trates the use of a battery as sac- H
Another important battery is rifices open lines leading to a
DIAGRAM 90 mate by a supported Queen. L,
the combination of a Rook and
White Mates in Two Moves a Queen on an open file when the t{of
enemy King is on the first rank XRE
ANALYSIS and lacks escape squares. Mate Nr
White mates with the Queen can then be possible, the Queen 3....
if he can control the Black King's acting like a Rook-moving on 3-I
possible escape squares from an file and rank. 4.t
 Checkmate by a Queen 57

In this Position
adjacent square.
r- his goal is KN7. How can he
[G force Black to a square where
k mate at KN7 follows?
E.
rC
ttt 2. mate
E-
F
I} -
IC
Ii DIAGRA,IA 92 DIAGRAM 93
White Mates in Tko Moves Ylhite Mates in Six Moves

rrr- ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

> Mate would occur in the same Here we have a battery Q
!e way if the White Queen were a Rooks and a Bishop) bearing
tc: Rook. Once you see that the down on the target square QBS.
rl Black King lacks escape squares, The square is attacked three
rd you rcalae all you need is a times and defended three times.
DIAGRAM 9I
checking piece immune from White will win if he can get a
Yflhite Mates in Tlvo Moves
capture on your eighth rank. How fourth piece into the battery-
do you achieve that goal? his Queen. A sacriflce opens the
AIIALY$S
road to the long diagonal-KR2
Stite's Rook cuts off the
to QN8.
Black King's escaPe to the K-flle. 2. mate
Orce again mate can be forced 1. RXNch! NXR
ar trGI7, after the invasion of the It is important to realize that 2. Q-R2ch
King position bY a checking a Queen can quickly shift its at- Black's Queen must remain on
Queen- tack from one side of the board the first rank to prevent mate on
to another. Diagram 93 illus- the target square. Thus, 1f.2. . . . .
2. mate trates the use of a battery as sac- Q-K4;3.RXNmate.
rifices open lines leading to a
Another imPortant battery is mate by a supported Queen.
2..... R-K4
the combination of a Rook and Now White cannot play 3. Q
I -
a Queen on an oPen file when the X Rch (with the idea of. 4. R X
enemy King is on the first rank N mate) because Black's reply
and lacks escaPe squares. Mate 3. . . . . Q X Q would be check!
Er[ can then be possible, the Queen
RXNch
3. QXR
ffs acting like a Rook-moving on
4. QXRch Q-82
la file and rank
58 Checkmate!
Some positions are curiosities
Now White mates by checking not because they can
on the rank and capturing on 2. mate -important
occur frequently but because they
the target square. explain some unusual method of
The combination of Queen, to
using pieces. Diagram 96 shows
5. Q-K8ch Q-81 King, and Pawn, as in the final h
6. Q X Qmate
- of Diagram 95, can cut
position such a position. Black's King is
trapped in a corner square, but
off all of a King's escape squares.
Memorize the final position's ar-
defended by its Queen and Rook o
But White can mate with a Queen E
One of the most common mat- ray of pieces on the QB file, for tr
because his pieces co-ordinate
ing batteries is a Queen and a such a mate is often possible in E
their attack.
Bishop on the same diagonal endings where you have just rll
aimed at a target square. ff that Queened a Pawn. Rr
target square is defended, your h
goal becomes the removal of the E
defender. Diagram 94 illustrates q
the removal of a defender to force fio
a mate.

DIAGRAM 96

DIAGRAM 95 White Mates in Four Moyes

White Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS The mate takes place on the
Your goal is to attain a posi- KR file. To achieve it, White's
DIAGRAM 94 tion in which the opponent's King Queen must quickly move across
White Mates in llvo Moves has no escape squares. There is the board.
no time to waste here, for Black 1. R-R7ch QXR
ANALY$S is fillssfsning to take White's 2. Q X Rch Q-Nl AI
Imagine that the Knights were Bishop. But that Bishop makes
Now Black's Queen is pinned
not on the board. White would the first move, and mate follows.
then mate at once by O X P, his
to the first rank. When White ad- E
1. BXBch! KXB vances his Pawn to check the ol
Queen supported by his Bishop.
Black Kirg, that King must moye clr
Your goal, then, is to remove
the Knights-a simple task in
Black has no other move. to the square on which it will, be ft
this position. 2. Q-n8 mate
mated. [)

1.
L mate
The combination of Queen,
Fmg, and Pawn, ffi h the final
lrcition of Diagram 95, can cut
t[ all of a King's escaPe squares'
horize the final Position's ar-
rry of pieces on the QB flIe, for
,d a mate is often Possible in
@trngs where You have just
Qrened a Pawn.
DIAGRAM 95
Tfhite Mates in Two Moves
AFL{LYSIs
Your goal is to attain a Posi-
lln in which the oPPonent's King
lr no escape squares. There is
r time to waste here, for Black
iB threatening to take White's
IEs@. But that BishoP makes
6e 6rst move, and mate follows.
l. BXBchl KXB
Black has no other move.
?- Q-B8 mate
Some positions are curiosities
not because they can
-important
occur frequent$ but because they
explain some unusual method of
using pieces. Diagram 96 shows
such a position. Black's King is
trapped in a comer square, but
defended by its Queen and Rook.
But White can mate with a Queen
because his pieces co-ordinate
their attack.
DIAGRAM 96
White Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSN
The mate takes Place on the
KR file. To achieve it, White's
Queen must quickly move across
the board.
1. R-R7ch QXR
2. Q X Rch Q-N1
Now Black's Queen is Pinned
to the first rank. When White ad-
vances his Pawn to check the
Black Kirrg, that King must move
to the square on which it will be
mated.
Checkmate by a Queen 59
3. P-N7ch K-R2
4. Q-R5 mate
Play through this position again
to appreciate White's method of
bringrng his Queen to KR5!
The possibility of mate by a
Queen often permits sacrifices of
material. In a match game be-
tween Richard Reti and Max
Euwe, Reti permitted Euwe to in-
vade his first rank and win two
Rooks. Meanwhile, Reti had
built a mating battery that he
used to force Euwe's King to a
square where mate by a Queen
followed.
DIAGRAM 97
TVhite Mates in Two Moves
AI\ALYSIS
On what square will the Black
King have no escaPe? The White
Queen cuts off the K-file. A
check by the BishoP can force
the King to QB1. If it then has
no escape excePt on a diagonal,
60 Checkmate!
then a Queen check on that di-
agonal means mate!
2. mate
Once a Queen has invaded a
King position, mate may follow
- file, or diagonal if the
on a rank,
King has no escape squares. Dia-
gram 98 illustrates a common
method of cutting off such es-
cape squares. Black has a deadly
check with his Queen at R8, but
itdoes not mate so long as
White's King can escape to his
K2.
DIAGRAM 98
GAMARRA AJIAN
-
Mar del Plata,1974
Black ll{ates in Itwo Moves
ANALYilS
When a King is on its first
rark and can escape to a single
square on its second 1ank, then
a check on the diagonal can
force that escape route to be
blocked. When an opponent has
blocked the escape with one of
his own pieces, mate can follow.
How does Black use this idea to
win in this position?
1. . . ..
2. mate
One of the weakest pawn for-
- is that of Black in Dia-
mations
$am 99. By playing . . . . P-N3
while he has a Pawn at K3, Black
has opened his position to the in-
vasion of enemy pieces. With a
White Pawn at KB6, mate can
follow if a Queen can be brought
to KN7.
DIAGRAA,I 99
White Mates in Two Moves
ANALY$S
Material is even, but not the
positions. Black's deadly weak-
ness is the hole at his KR3. Re-
member that a supported Queen
on a square adjacent to a King rh
can mate! b,
o(
1. Any move
oI
2. mate
d
IG
- D
-
T!
Alexander D eschap elles- P:
One of the Founders ot D
C{
Modern Chess
u
A man who was for a while g
the best chess player in the world
gave up the game when he began
OE
P!
to lose frequently to his own best
il
pupil. The man was Alexander tr
Louis Honor6 Lebreton Descha-
ct
pelles (1780-18 47), achild of the
French Revolution and a partici-
pant in the struggles for human
equality that followed it. The son
of a Marshal of France, yotmg
Alexander seryed in the French
arny, losing his right arm fight-
ing against the Prussians. He then
turned togames, becoming
France's leading chess expert and
Europe's most successful whist
player. Deschapelles played fu
money, and made a good lirirg
from both games!
Playing chess at a time when
few players understood the value
of systematic developmeng Des-
chappelles profited from his gam.
bler's instinct when his opponents
tried to attack at all costs. At his nr
best, with superior natural ability u
and an early unfls$tanding of E

F force that escaPe route to be
blocked. When an oPPonent has
blocked the escaPe with one of
his own pieces, mate can follow.
How does Black use this idea to
Fin in this position?
I moves from the French expert.
; l. .. ..
b 2.- mate
D Alexander D eschnp elles-
I One of the weakest Pawn for-
D mations is that of Black in Dia-
ft gram 99. By plaYing . . . . P-N3
rt
--
while he has a Pawn at K3, Black
has opened his Position to the in-
E vasion of enemy Pieces. With a
White Pawn at KB6, mate can
follow if a Queen can be brought
to KN7.
DIAGRAM 99
White Mates in Two Moves
AFIALY$Si
ta Material is even, but not the
F
l
positions. Black's deadly weak-
ness is the hole at his KR3. Re-
II member that a supPorted Queen
Checkmate by a Queen 6l
on a square adjacent to a King the kinds of attack that could
can mate! lead to checkmate, Deschapelles
could give odds to the best of his
1. Any move opponents. John Cochrane, one
2. mate
of the best English masters, once
received odds of KBP and two
Thus, Black began without that
Pawn and White made two
moves before Black could begrn.
One of the Founders of
Cochrane, certain this advantage
Modern Chess
would help him win quickly, tro-
A man who was for a while glected his development and con-
the best chess player in the world centrated on pushing K-side
gave up the game when he began Pawns. Deschapelles was to move
to lose frequently to his own best in a position that cried out for
pupil. The man was Alexander mate by a Queen-which Des-
Louis Honor6 Lebreton Descha- chapelles found!
pelles (1780-1847), achild of the
French Revolution and a partici-
pant in the struggles for human
equality that followed it. The son
of a Marshal of France, young
Alexander served in the French
arny, losing his right arm fight-
ing against the Prussians. He then
turned to games, becoming
France's leading chess expert and
Europe's most successful whist
player. Deschapelles played for
money, and made a good living
from both games! DIAGRAM IOO
Playing chess at a time when COCHRANE DESCHAPELLES
few players understood the value St. -
Cloud, France
of systematic development, Des-
chappelles profited from his gam-
bler's instinct when his opponents Deschapelles has regained his
tried to attack at all costs. At his
best, with superior natural ability
Pawn and developed his pieces,
meanwhile forcing the White
and an early understanding of King to its KR2. He now permits
 Checkmate!
1.
Cochrane to win a Pawn and it mates on an adjacent square
2.
aaaa

or to cut oft escape squares when mate

mates quickly.
it mates on a rant file, or diag-
1. .... G-rc onal. Of coursg when a battery
2. RXP bears down on a target square
and the opponent lacks the mate-
Otherwise, Cochrane must
have reasoned, the Black QNP
rial to maintain that square's
defense, direct and forceful at-
would advance and threaten to
tacking movqs or exchanges often
become a Queen
bring an easy mate.
2. .... Q-Rst
An opponent who snatches at
I a Pawn will probably snatch a
piece as wellt
DIAGRAM IO2
t 3. RXB Q-B7cht W. LOVEGROVE A. J. FINK
AI
I -
Sun Francisco, 1916
I
L Deschappelles had seen a mate Black Mates in Five Moves
based on forcing White to block
I

I
t
IE
! his escape squaf,e at KN2. The dr
I final position became t model ANALYSIS cL
&
r,

for every chess player since Des' This position illustrates a mate
I chappelles! See Diagram 86-a by a Queen supported by a Rook tEr
i
E

position reached 150 years after DIAGRAM TOI on the seventh rank. Once Black
I this game was played! ARTHUR DAKE M. DI PAULA has played his first move, he I
I -
I
B-N2 RXPchl
Baltimore,1935 threatens havoc because of a dis- sI
I 4. Black Mates in ltwo Moves covered check by his Bishop. E
: 5.KXR fRsmate Black sees that any hope of de- sI
Mate by a supported Queen ANALY$S fense depends on removing that nI
Bishop. But in taking it, he m1l D
when the enemy King lacks es- Who says an international mas-
ter doesn't make mistakes? In open the long diagonal for a il
cape squares!
deadly Queen check that is fo}. E
this game from a simultaneous
I lowed by a mate. frc
The six positions that follow exhibition, Dake snatched at
permit you to apply your un- Black's KNP, permitting a mate tu
1. RXB! siH
derstanding of the chief ways to
force mate with a Queen. As you
in two that he could have avoided
by H1. The key to the mate
2. iilip RXNdisch
3. RXB I
study them, remember that the is the cutting off of escape squares
4. I
Queen usually needs the aid of by Black's Knight after the first 5. 7
other pieces-to support it when move.
 Checkmate by aQueen

m an adjacent square
at oft escape squaxqs when
qr a rank, file, or diag-
(f, mse, when a battery
fuEn on a taxget square
qponent lacks the mate-
b maintain that square's
drect and forceful at-
Erlees or exchanges often
eas5r mate.
DIAGRAM I03
D. BRONSTEIN V. GOLDENOV
-
Kiev,1944
White lVlates in Three Moves

DIAGRA}I 102

W. LOVEGROVE A. J. FINK ANALYS$

-
San Francisco, 1916
David Bronstein, a chess Prod-
Black Mates in Five Moves
igy in the 1940s and still one of
the world's most imaginative
ANALYSIS chessmasters in the late 1970s,
This position illustrates a mate demonstrated the use of two bat-
by a Queen suPPorted bY a Rook teries in this game. His Rooks
DIAGTAAA TOI on the seventh rank. Once Black aim at QB8, while his Queen
DAB M. DI PAULA has played his first move, he and Bishop threaten mate bY a
-
Mitnore,1935 threatens havoc because of a dis- supported Queen at K7 or Q8.
D!*s in Ilvo Moves covered check bY his BishoP. Black's defense depends on his
Black sees that any hoPe of de- supported Queen holding the Q1
fense depends on removing that square. But if that Queen were
Bishop. But in taking it, he will no longer supported, or moved
saF atr international mas-
open the long diagonal for a away from Ql, then White would
atErt make mistakes? In deadly Queen check that is fol- mate. What moves force one of
from a simultaneous lowed by a mate. these two disasters? Give the
Dake snatched at lines of play after Black's Pos-
K!{P, permifiing a mate 1. RXB! sible replies to White's flrst move.
- thecouldhaveavoided 2. RXP RXNdisch
The key to the mate 3. RXB 1.
oft of escape squares 4. )
Knigbt after the first 5. mate 3. mate

-
 Checkmatel

II
I

m
CrlE

DIAGRAM 106
DIAGRAM IO4
I. GT'NSBERG A. SCIIALLOP DIAGRA'I,I TO5
IVhite Mates in Three Moves
-
London,1866 Tlhite Mates in Six Moves
Black IVIates in lhree Movos ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS This is another use of a batterY
AT{ALYilS to force mate, with QN7 the tar-
Don't be frigfutened by the
Black has ou@layed his oP- get square at the end. The attack
need to see six moves ahead. This
ponent and now has an easy win is similar to that of Diagram 102,
is an example of a battery work-
mate by a Queen in three ing around a corner. The target whose solution you should re-
-a
moves, made possible by Whitezs square is QR7, for a Queen on
view before trying to find this
lack of escape squares and the that square would mean check- mate in three. Just remember
advanced Pawn on Black's KN7. that a Queen combines the moves
mate. But the Queen cannot get
He sees that his Queen can mate of a Rook and a Bishop!
to that square unless the White
as a Rook would in a similar Bishop and both Rooks are out
position if it were on the KR of the way. That being the goal,
file. A sacrffice forces the de-sired sacrifices are in order, and they
position. begin with 1. B{6ch, to con-
1. . . . . tinue with the gift of both Roots.
2._ Remember that every move must
be acheck-for Black will other-
wise attack the White King and
mate it instead!

1. B-Q6ch
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. mate
 Checkmate by a Queen 65

1.
2.
3. mate

REMBMBER!
To mate with a Queen, you
must be able to recognize or
create a position in which:
an enemy King without es-
- cape squares is trapped on a
DIAGRAIt 106 rank, file, or diagonal your
DTAGMM IO5
IVhite Mates in Three MoYes Queen can reach; or
mite ltilates in Six Moves a supporting Pawn or piece
ANALYSIS - covers a square to which your
.atr{LYslsl This is another use of a battery Queen can move to mate on
to force mate, with QN7 the tar- a square adjacent to a King
Don't be frightened by the
without escape squares; or
get square at the end. The attack
d to see six moves ahead. This is similar to that of Diagram L02, a battery bearing on a target
fu m example of a battery work-
whose solution you should re-
- point near the enemy king
ing around a corner. The target permits sacrifices to remove
qsare is QR7, for a Queen on view before trying to find this
rh*t square would mean check- mate in three. Just remember defenders or to force the King
that a Queen combines the moves into one of the two kinds of
Ete. Bd the Queen cannot get position described above.
of a Rook and a Bishop!
b that square unless the White
Bishq and both Rooks are out
d the way. That being the goal,
rrcriftles are in order, and they
b€gin with 1. B{6ch, to con-
tfuue with the gft of both Roots.
Remember that every move must
be a checkJor Black will other-
uise atack the White King and
EEte it instead!
1. B--Q6ch
L
3.
4-
5.
6. mate
CHAPTER 6

The Epaulettes Mate

b
lIE
Yio
DIAGRAM IO9
F
Drncnau 109-Two angular d
squares are occupied by any- Iil
Epaulettes are the decorated an epaulettes mate on the edge thing but a Knight while the ft
boards placed on the shoulders of of the board" King is attacked by a sup Pq
a dress uniform. The term has ported Queen on an adjacent plr
been used to describe the kind of square. ft
checkmate illustrated in the four oE
diagrams thai follow. D
o(I
Th
@
IU
Til

DIAGRAAA IO8

Ducnervr 108-Here two Pawns

DlAGRArtl 107
DHcnlrvr 107-The White King's
escape squares on the rank
are occupied (and therefore
blocked) by its Rooks. This is
or a Rook and a Pawn form
the epaulettes on the open
board while escape to the next
rank is cut off by a Rook (or
Queen in some positions). In
effect this epaulettes mate is
the same as one on the edge of
the board.
DIAGRA/I4 ll0
DHcneu 11O-A Kirg lacks es-
cape squares because of aD
epaulettes formation and is
mated by attack by any piece.
Thus this would be mate if the
White Knight were replaced by
a Pawn at QR4, a Knight at

an @ulettes mate on the edge
d the board.
. DTAGRAM IO8
trtrmsr 108-Here two Pawns
or a Rook and a Pawn form
the ePaulettes on the oPen
board while escape to the next
rank is cut oft bY a Rook (or
I Queen in some Positions)' In
I effect this ePaulettes mate is
I tre same ari one on the edge of
I the board-
,16
DIAGRAM IO9
Dracnar"t 109-Two angular
squares are occupiedby any-
thing but a Knight while the
King is attacked by a sup-
ported Queen on an adjacent
square.
DIAGRAAT TIO
Dncn,lr"r 110-,4. King lacks es-
cape squares because of an
epaulettes formation and is
mated by attack by any piece.
Thus this would be mate if the
White Knight were replaced by
a Pawn at QR4, a Knight at
The Epaulettes Mate 67
QR3, QB3, or Q6, a Rook at
QB5 or Q5, or even a Queen
at QR4, QB5, or Q5. There
would also be a mate if a
White Queen or Bishop could
capture Black's Bishop.
The epaulettes mate is harder
to visualize than the more direct
mates we have examined in pre-
vious chapters. Most mates de-
pend on the action and placement
of your own pieces. The epau-
lettes mate depends as much on
the poor placement of your op-
ponent's pieces. The Russian
player Usachev, playing Black in
the position of Diagram 1 1. L, rec-
oguized a possible epaulettes
mate. Suppose the White King
could be forced to its K2 square.
Then suppose further that its
QZ were cut off. Any check
would then be mate. The play
was simple and direct.
DIAGRAM III
1..... B-B6Ch
68 Checkmatel
ANALY$S
If White now plays 2. N X B,
Q-K6 is mate. And on 2.K-Bl This time the epaulettes pc
Black wins a Rook by 2. . . . . sition irnvolves two angular T
B X R. So White seeks safetY at squares. The material is even, but
K2. White has a killing check that is
followed by an epaulettes mate.
L
2. K.-Kz Q-Kfth! I-ook at Diagram 109 it you do
The Queen is sacrificed to free
not see the solution at once. L
the Q5 square for the mate that 1.
la
will follow. 2. mate E
Epauleffes mates usually oc-
3.NXQ N-QSmate DIAGRA,\A II2
cur in the middle game or ending,
S/hite lVlates in llvo Moves
This is an epaulettes mate with but can appear in opening at- IfB
pieces on the angular squares Q1, AIIALY$S tacks usually beginning with a br
Bishop sacrifice at KB7 tollowed m4p-
Q3, and KB1. The sErares near Black's King
by moves Aat force the enemy 'l-
are open to invasion. White's ,

What must you see before you Rook battery on the KB fiIe Per-
King to the open board. A line &r
can plan for an epaulettes mate? mits him to force an epaulettes
in Philidor's Defense that illus- 9-r
trates such a mate should be in
1. The enemy King's escape position with a sacrifice that also
routes are blocked or can be operc a diagonal for his Queen.
every player's repertoire. h
forced to be blocked by an Look at Diagram 107 if you do 1. P-K4 P_K4 Sd
epaulettes formation. not see the solution at once.
,)
I_KB3 P--Q3 asb
2. T\e mating piece can be 3. B-84 B-it(jz Fc cr
brought (and supported if nec- 2. mate
4. P_Q4 PXP
essary) to the square on which 5. NXP N-Q2?
it delivers the mate. This error permits quick exe.
3. A battery bearing on that tar- cution. Black's best move is 5.
get square can be used to re- - N-KB3 so that he can
move defenders or pieces that castle quickly and bring his King
would othenwise interpose. to safety.
This means a readiness to sac-
rifice to achieve the epaulettes 6. BXPchl KXB
mate position. 7. N-K6!
Strangely, Black now loses his
Queen or is mated. The win of
the Queen follows 7. I
Q-Kl; 8. N X BP, Q-Ql; 9.
DIAGRAM I13 H5ch, K-Bl; 10. N-K6ch. WI
TVhite ll{ates in Trvo Moves
 The Epaulettes Mate

ANALY$S
B This time the epaulettes po-
n sition .nvolves two angular
squares. fhe material is even, but
J White has a kitling check that is
followed by an epaulettes mate.
Look at Diagram 109 it you do
not see the solution at once.
EC
t 1.
2. mate
Epaulettes mates usually oc- DIAGRAM I14
L DIAGRAMII2
cur in the middle game or ending,
Wffie Mates in ltwo Moves
but can appear in opening at-
If Black tries to save the Queen
lr tacks usually beginning with a
he must permit an ePaulettes
E N{ALY$S
Bishop sacrifice at KB7 followed
mate.
The sqPares near Black's King by moves lhat force the enemy '1..... KXN
are open to invasion. White's King to the open board. A line 8. Q-QSch K-B3
! Rmk banery on the I(B file Per- in Philidor's Defense that illus- 9. Q-KBS mate
9 mits him to force an ePaulettes trates such a mate should be in
F pcition with a sacrifice that also every player's repertoire. Such mates can and do occur.
b op€ns a diagonal for his Queen.
1. P_K4 P-K4 Sometimes your oPPonent needs
I l,mt at Diagram 107 if You do a shove to make one Possible.
not see the solution at once. 2. r-KB3 P-Q3 For example:
b 3. B-B4 B-IKz
4. P-Q4 PxP
P L matc s. NxP N-Q2?
H
This error permits quick exe-
F cution. Black's best move is 5.
P - . . . . N-KB3 so that he can
E castle quickly and bring his King
E. to safety.
D
EI 6. BXPch! KXB
7. N-K6!
Strangely, Black now loses his
Queen or is mated. The win of DTAGRAM I15
the Queen follows 7. WASJUKOV _ SEITZEV
Q-Kl; 8. N X BP, Q-Ql; 9. Berlin,1969
DIAGRAAA II3 Q-Q5ch, K-B1; 10. N-K6ch. White Mates in Two Moves
mfte lllates in Two Moves
70 Checkmate!

AT{ALY$S ANALYSIS ANALYSIS Orri

White would have an epau- Black has just played . . . . Prins has given up a piece to Mr-
lettes mate if hrc could play P X P(N3). Morphy recognizes force the Black King to an ex- cb,
posed position on the open board-
Q X I(P. But the Black KP has an epaulettes position with a King
a defender. If that defender can on the edge of the board flanked Now his thoughts must have fol- E
be forced to advance to B3, the by two Rooks. His problem is to lowed this sequence: isr
epaulettes mate would become force that position. His solution
dor
An epaulette position might md
possible. Fortunately, Black's is to give up his Rooks! - be possible if the Black Pawn f@
King has no escape squares, and at his Q4 were at his QB5.
a check on the diagonal would hG
Once that happens, the lVhite byr
force the BP to advance to inter- 3. mate
- Rook at Q2 cuts oft escape
pose. to the Q-flIe. The Black King
Plu
CI
would then in effect be on the S@
2. mate edge of the board.
- If the Black King could then
190
Paul Morphy understood the Given the epaulettes position, - prlri
be forced to his QN4 while
epaulettes mate and made good mate can result from a Pawn the White Queen holds the Phtt
use of- it. Diagram 116 shows a move as easily as from a Queen's long diagonal from his QR7,
nu
position he reached as White in attack. The Dutch master Prins d
mate can follow. EIG
a game against an amateur in has had an uneven career, but in
1857. His attack is similar to the his game against Canada's best 1. R-B4ch! PXR dI
one shown in Diagram ll2- playe4 at the Carlsbad touma- Blaek could have played 1.
ph
and further illustrates the value ment in
1948, Prins provided the ....K-Q3;2.OXBch, hr
of a Rook battery on an open chess world with one of its most K-K2; 3. O X QP, when d
file. memorable mating attacks. White's extra Pawns ensure the lir
win. Instead he takes the Rook ff'r
2.QXRPch K-N4 Fu
orD
3. P-R4 mate h
This position merits study. The tE
epaulettes position had to be cre- ofir
ated and, once forced, could be B.
utilized because Black's Rooks ,fugo
and Queen were on the other sD{
side of the board. Result-a {
Pawn mates because the e.pau dd
lettes position of Black's Pawn rrE
DIAGRAIA II6 DTAGRAAA IT7 and Bishop makes escape impos- tagE
White lVlates in lhree Moves TVhite llflates in lhree Moves sible. tbr

AI{ALYflS;
Black has just played . . . .
P X P(N3). Morphy recognizes
an epaulettes position with a King
m the edge of the board flaxked
ty t*o Rooks. His problem is to
fuce that position. His solution
is to give up his Rooks!
3. mate
- If the Black King could then
' Given the epaulettes position,
Date can result from a Pawn
!rcYe as easily as from a Queen's
*tacL The Dutch master Prins
hs had an uneven career, but in
tb game against Canada's best
flayer, at the Carlsbad tourna-
Et in 1948, Prins provided the
ch€ss world with one of its most
nemorable mating attacks.
DlAGRArtl ll7
White nilatus in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
Prins has given up a piece to
force the Black King to an ex-
posed position on the open board.
Now his thoughts must have fol-
lowed this sequence:
An epaulette Position might
- be possible if the Black Pawn
at his Q4 were at his QB5.
Once that happens, the White
- Rook at Q2 cuts oft escaPe
to the Gflle. The Black King
would then in efiect be on the
edge of the board.
- be forced to his QN4 while
the White Queen holds the
long diagonal from his QR7,
mate can follow.
1. R-B4ch! PXR
Black could have played 1.
.. K-Q3;2.OXBch,
K-K2; 3. O X QP, when
White's extra Pawns ensure the
win. Instead he takes the Rook.
2.QXRPch K-N4
3. P-R4 mate
This position merits studY. The
epaulettes position had to be cre-
ated and, once forced, could be
utilized because Black's Rooks
and Queen were on the other
side of the board. Resu1t-a
Pawn mates because the ePau-
lettes position of Black's Pawn
and Bishop makes escaPe imPos-
sible.
The Epaulettes Mate 7l
Ossip S. Bernstein-
Mr. Surprise of the
Chess World!
How well can you play if chess
is not your main interest, if you
do not play for years at a time,
and when you do play it is for
fun and not for glory? If you
have the natural talents possessed
by one of the best occasional
players in chess history, then you
can do very well indeed! Ossip
Samoilovitch Bernstein (1882-
1962), doctor of law, Russian ex-
patriate, and long one of the best
players in France, won few tour-
naments. He let years pass with-
out entering competition, but
In fact, one
never lost his skill.
of his best results was his first
place in Montevideo, 1961, when
he was seventy-nine! His great
understanding of tactics made
him Mr. Surprise every time he
did enter a tournament. For flftY
years grandmasters had to tell
one another the latest tale of
how Dr. Bemstein had shocked
them with some amazingattack-
often ending in chechnate.
Bernstein's special stYle was
disconcerting. He tried to gain
small advantages in the oPening
lead in develoPment or
-a
doubled Pawns near the enemy
King. He then used such advan-
tages to keep his oPPonent on
the defensive while he PrePared
72 Checkmatel

a final attack that often included 3. N-R4 BXPch

And now for the direct attack
j
a sacrifice that could not be re- 4. RXB Q--N8ch
fused. He offered gfts in the 5. R-81 on White's King position.
opening that disconcerted his op E
ponents, often leading them to Now White's King is in a semi- 3. .... Q-K7
epaulettes position in which
make second-best moves once
Black can mate in trno moves. Black threatens Q X BP mate T
they had seen the trap behind the
ofier of a Pawn or piece. For
example, in a game against
5.
6.
. ...
Q-rc
Q-K6ch
QXQ mate
or B X BP mate. White must de-
fend the KBP. I
Adolph Albin in Vienna, 1904,
Bemstein had offered his QR in
a position that would have led
Albin saw this attack would
defeat him
Q&
if he took the Black
and played a series of ex-
4.R-KB1 QXN!
5.PXQ R-N3mate I
to this mating attack-a semi- Epaulettesl White could have
changes and Pawn moves that DB LI
epaulettes finish. dragged the game along by not
we.akened his position instead. taking the Black QueenJut
The position of Diagram 119 was would then have been a piece be-
TI
finally reached, with Black to hind in a lost position
move. He delivered an epaulettes ANII
mate flve moves later! Surprise! Ib
Dcd
PllF
fr-p
strht
CEG3,
irvr
bes c
DIAGRAM II8 sct I!
d
Position that might have occurred
in Albin-Bernstein, Vienna, 1904, Li
if Albin had played to win the Black LT
QR offered by Bemstein 3-I
DIAGRAM I19 TL
ANALY$S Epaulettes mates often result havc l

It is Black's move in this po- 1. R-K3! from control of your seventh rank cr*rl
sition (threatened but one that when your opponent's King is on ICIE
White cannot capture this his first rank. In such situations
did not occur). He would now
Rook without losing his Queen.
cad
win by some such line as: you must first be able to force
the epaulettes position-by sac- 4.l
1. Q X I.{P 2. Q-Q7 R_Q3
2. B-KN5 3. Q-R4 rifices if necessa.ry. You then Ih
need only a check to mate. irh
 The EpaulAtes Mate
3.N-R4 BXPch
And now for the direct attack
{BxB Q--N8ch
on White's King position.
5. R-81
Now White's King is in a semi- 3. .... rKz
plentes position in which
frct can mate in two moves. Black threatens Q X BP mate
or B X BP mate. White must de-
5-.... Q-;K6ct fend the KBP.
6.fK2 QXQmate
Albin saw this attack would
4.R-KBI QXN!
fu. him if he took the Black 5.PXQ R-N3mate
I, @d played a series of ex- Epaulettasl White could have
DIAGRAAA I2T

hg€s and Pawn moves that
x*Ened his position instead.
h pcfion of Diagram 119 was
HE' reached, with Black to
EB- He delivered an epaulettes
lE frve moves later! Surprise!
DIAGRAAA I 19
l-.... R-K3!
White sannot capture this
loot without losing his Queen.
z H7 R-Q3
3. rR4
dragged the game aloqg by not
taking the Black Queen-but
would then have been a piece be-
hind in a lost position
Epaulettes mates often result
from control of your seventh rank
when your opponent's King is on
his first rank. In such situations
you must first be able to force
the epaulettes position-by sac-
rifices if necessary. You then
need only a check to mate.
DE LABOT'RDONNAIS
Paris,1833-
AMATEUR
White lUates in Four Moves
ANALYS$
De Labourdonnais replaced
Deschapelles as France's leading
player in the 1830s. Like his
former teacher, he played for
stakes and had to keep his audi-
ences happy with sacrfficial mat-
ing attacks. This wasi one of his
best crowd-pleasing efiorts as he
set up an epaulettes mate by two
sacrifices.
1. N-K6ch K-Kl
2. Q-Q8ch! BxQ
3. R.B8ch! RXR
There it is. The epaulettes
have been formed while White
controls his seventh rank. Black,s
King has no escape-if White
can check with another piece.
4. N-N7 mate
The six positions that follow
illustrate epaulettes mates. They
74 Checkmatel T
often demand a willingness to an epaulettes mate if his Rook
sacrifice material. But once you were at QB7. How does he get it
can visualize an epaulettes posi- there in three moves?
tion, all that remains is to calcu-
late whether or not you can
deliver that final check as illus- 3. mate
trated in the first four diagrams
of this chapter.
-
DIAGRAM I24
KORCHNOI PETERSON
-
Seviet Union,1965 H
TVhite lVlates in Ihrce Moves fr
AfrIAI-,YSN ANAI
Viktor Korchnoi, regularly rfiL
listed among the ten best players uryd
in the world, owes much of his alk
DIAGRAM I23 success to a deep knowledge of thcp
DIAGRAM I22
G. BERTOLA K. MEIER opening play that often permits Eofu
A. NIMZOVICH AMATEUR - 1975
Switzerland, sudden attacks against less well top ft
-
Berlin,1920
White Mates in lhree Moves prepared opponents. This is evi- he-
V[hite lVlates in lhree Moves dent from his games even though qai
ANALYSIs he denies being a student of the IC"!g i
AI\ALYSN openings. In this game he had (Hq
Aron Nimzovich, considered It is obvious that the Black sacrfficed a piece to open up
King is in an epaulettes position. cryc}
an eccentric by his contemporary Black's K-side. Now he sees a trap U
White would mate at once by 1.
chess masters, was an innovator Queen sacrifice that leads to an iBQE
whose theoretical contributions Q-B6 if Black could not inter- epaulettes mate similar to that
have become basic to success in
pose his Bishop. But wouldn't
reached rnDiagram 121.
l--
there be a mate if the Bishop L-
master play today. One of his
were removed? What is needed
contributions was to improve
is an attack by another piece that
understanding of the use of open 3.
can be sacrificed to prepare for mate
lines. In this game, with the
the epaulettes mate.
Black King aheady in an epau-
lettes position, Nimzovich showed
that open lines can also work -
around a corner. He would have 3. mate

-
 The Epaulates Mate
e epauleffes mate if his Rook
Bere at QB7. How does he get it
therc in three moves?

3. mate

-
DlAGRAi,l t24
DTAGRAM I25
KORCHNOI
-
PETERSON
TAL _ TRINGOV
Seviet Union, 1965
I rx er zonal T ourname nt, 1 9 64
White lVlates in lhree Movs TVhite Mates in ltwo Moves

AT{AI.,YffS AT{ALYilSi
Mkhail Tal, perhaps the most
unpredictable and imaginative ot
all Russian grandmasters, was
DIAGRAM I23 success
the youngest world's champion in
G. BERTOLA K. MEIER opening
- 1975 modern chess history. He was in
Switzerland, sudden
top form in 1964. In this game
Ehe Mates in Three Moves prepared opponents. This is evi-
he sac-rificed two pieces in the
from his games even though
A,BT.{LYSN
-den!
he denies being a student of the
opeuing to force an uncastled
King
It is obvious that the Black openings. In this game he had
@ish
Xing is in an epaulettes position. yc{n9ea a piece to open up cape)
White would mate at once by l. Black's K-side. Now he- sees a
'Q-ts6 if Black could not inter- Queen sacrifice that leads to an lran bV forcing Black,s King to
its QB2.
poee his Bishop. But wouldn,t epaulettes mate similar to that
lL:re be a mate if the Bishop reached in Diagram 121.
rErE removed? What is needed 2. mate
1.
L an artirck by another piece that
a be sacrificed to prepare for 3. mate
ft eparlettes mate. -
-
3. mate

-
76 Checkmate!

tion if you then see how to I

deliver the final check-and t
mate. I
3. Most epaulettes mates occur I
when your attack forces your I
opponent to occupy squares (

DIAGRAM I26 DIAGRAM I27

White Mates in Four Moves Black Mates in Three Moves

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
Black's Rooks form a natural White's King is in the epau-
epaulettes position if the Black lettes position-a Rook at each
King can be forced to its KN2 side and no escape squares. All
and the White Queen can then Black needs is a clearing of the
attack it at White's KN5. But this QB flle. Black ssunts-frwo
calls for checking moves along pieces in a battery attack White's
the way, for Black would other- QB2 and two pieces defend the
wise break free by any of a dozen square. But one of these is the
possible freeing, exchanging, or White Kiog, which will then be in
attacking moves. another epaulettes position. Is
1.
there a check-and therefore
2.
mate-possible on Black's third
move?
3.
4. mate 1. aaaa

2.
3. mate

REMEMBER!
1. Learn to recognize the epau-
lettes mate positions!
2. Be ready to sacrifice to com-
plete an epaulettes mate posi-
 The Epaulettes Mate 77

tion if you then see how to nsar his King. Therefore, if

deliver the final check-and you can see an attacking
mate. move that leads to such defen-
3. Most epaulettes mates occur sive play by your opponent,
when your attack forces your look further for a possible
opponent to occupy squares epaulettes mate.

DIAGRAM I27
Bleck Mates in Three Moves

ahi^rlY$s
Rfhite's King is in the epau-
hes position-a Rook at each
rile and no escape squares. A11
Btek needs is a clearing of the
Qg file. Black seunfs-f\rys
Feces in a battery attack White's
QB2 and two pieces defend the
quare. But one of these is the
White King, which will then be in
mther epaulettes position. Is
fure a check-and therefore
Eile-possible on Black's third
love?
1. aaoo

2.
3. mate

NEI[E}IBER!
l- Learn to recognize the epau-
lertes mate positions!
2- tse ready to sacrifice to com-
plete an epaulettes mate posi-
 +

Mate with a
"t
:
c against an opponent named Wil- The fr
I
I kins by a surprising final attack of tbe
CHAPTER 7
ending with mate by a Rook and siHe r
a Bishop. Rook r
Mate with a Rook and a Bishop Tb
traEt
RooL r

Keres-The U npredictable
Tactician
Picture yourself playing an op-
ponent you know to be one of
the most dangerous attacking
players in the world, his mind
ever searching for that distant
mating attack. His face betrays
no emotion; his moves are at
times mysterious, their meaning
evident only when you see how
his planning has forced the game
into some unclear but uncomfort-
able direction. You seek replies
for potential onslaughts-but
they come anyway, because your
opponent has masked his real at-
tack behind the ones you thought
you saw. In the end you may find
yourself mated by the grand-
master whose chess career in-
cluded more mates than were
c@fli
th
1. OE
eq
fr
zTk
w
Keres, whose brilliant record of Il
tournament success spanned more *
than forty years from his appear-
DIAGRAAA I28 6{
ance on the chess scene in the
KERES WILKINS
early 1930s to his death n 1975. -
Keres won many games
through his understanding of the White's conJrol of open lines
value of open lines-ranks, flles, has left the Black King without
and diagonals along which his escape squares. He sees a poten-
pieces could apply pressure and tial mate by R{8, if he can
execute flnal attacks. Living in a first remove the defense of
small town in Estonia when in Black's Ql by a Ifuight and a
his teens, he got his early chess Rook. Once he saw this possibil-
competition from playing by mail ity, he was able to ignore the
special field called corre- fact that Black was attacking his
-the
spondence chess, in which a Bishop on N5. The problem is to
player has two or three days to open the target square Q8, and
reply to the move his opponent a pair of sacrifices does that to
has sent. Keres developed a pow- produce amate in three moves.
erful attacking technique in his AIILTL
years of correspondence play, for 1.NXPch! RXN
an opponent with plenty of time 2.QXNch PXQ Tb
must be faced with the hidden a. R-Q8 mate Ro* ,

a
achieved by most of his con- threat as well as the obvious one.
Thtu il
{
temporaries. This was Paul In 1933 Keres won a The first two moves could have ItIe, I
his tu
game
I
been played in reverse order.

ttrd a Bishop
(eres, whose brilliant record of
tolllnament success spanned more
than fe6y years from his appear-
eDc€ on the chess scene in the
carll' 1930s to his death n 1975.
Keres won many games
though his understanding of the
value of open lines-ranks, flles,
md diagonals along which his
feces could apply pressure and
crecute final attacks. Living in a
mall town in Estonia when in
his teens, he got his early chess
competition from playing by mail
special field called corre-
t- -the
spoodence chess, in which a Bishop on N5. The problem is to
plaver has two or three days to
reply to the move his opponent
t has sent. Keres developed a pow-
I crtul attacking technique in his
Fars of correspondence play, for
m opponent with plenty of time
I
Eust be faced with the hidden
threat as well as the obvious one.
In f933 Keres won a game
7t
Mate with a Rook and a Bishop
against an opponent named Wil-
kins by a surprising final attack
ending with mate by a Rook and
a Bishop.
DIAGRAAA I28
KERES WILKINS
-
White's control of open lines
has left the Black King without
escape squares. He sees a poten-
tial mate by R{8, il he can
first remove the defense of
Black's Q1 by a Knight and a
Rook. Once he saw this possibil-
ity, he was able to ignore the
fact that Black was attacking his
open the target square Q8, and
a par of sacrifices does that to
produce amate in three moves.
1. NXPch! RXN
2.QXNch PXQ
g. R-Q8 mate
The first two moves could have
been played in reverse order.
79
The final position illustrates one
of the key mating positions pos-
sible with the combined use of a
Rook and a Bishop.
The next five diagrams illus-
ttate basic mates possible with a
Rook and a Bishop. Note the two
conditions that exist in all of
them:
1. One of the two pieces cuts off
e.scape squares while the other
checks and mates.
2. The enemy King is blocked
by its oum pieces or yours
at squares around the point
where a rank or file and a
diagonal meet.
DIAGRAM 129
ANALYSIS
The Bishop mates while the
Rook cuts off escape squares.
This is often called the Morphy
Mate, from his use of it during
his short chess caxeer.
 Checkmate!

is often possible for a Rook to

check on the eighth rank. Note
that the Bishop can be on sev-
eral of the squares on the long
diagonal, while the Rook can
be on several squares on the
eighth rank.

DIAGRAM I3O
ANAI,YSIS
The Rook mates while the
Bishop cuts off escape squares.
This is often called the Pillsbury
Mate from its use by Harry Nel-
son Pillsbury, the best American
player of the 1890s.
DIAGRAM I3T
DIAGRAM I32
ANALYSIS
Mate with a Rook and a Bishop
can also occur on the open board.
This position has frequently ap-
peared in chess problems (com-
posed positions in which White
must mate in a given number of
moves). The Rook cuts off four
possible escape squares and is
protected from a distance by a
Bishop which also checks and
mates.
fG
E
I
DIAGRATII l3il
GI
&
AT{ALYS$ F
This position is similar to that T
of Diagram t32, both de,Pending cri
on a self-blocking by an €Par-
lettes type of formation. Here tb
Rook mates while protecting tbe
Bishop which in tum is cffiing
oft two escape squares.
The possibility of mate by a
Rook and a Bishop explains why
players try so hard to open lines
leading to the enemy King Post
tion. Mate can follow when the
player recognizes and uses three
conditions:
1. Either the Rook or the Bishq
is able to check while tbe
other controls possible escape
squares. AI
2. \\e enemy King's possible es-
cape squares are limited to rto

ANALYSIS
the rank or file controlled by rt
the Rook and the diagpnal DT
This variation of the Pills- or diagonals controlled by the b
bury Mate is common because it Bishop. b

fo dten possible for a Rook to
&k on the eighth rank. Note
&at the Bishop can be on sev-
cral of the squares on the long
@gonal, while the Rook can
te on several squares on the
cithth ra.k.
DIAGRAM I32
AD{.ILYSIfi
I[ate with a Rook and a BishoP
m also o@ur on the open board.
ftis position has frequently aP-
Fred in chess problems (com-
crd positions in which White
. [ust mate in a given number of
-roues). The Rook cuts oft four
possible escape squares and is
potected from a distance by a
Bishop which also checks and
lrrteS.
Mate with aRook and
ANALYS$
This position is similar to that
of Diagram 132, both dePending
on a self-blocking bY an ePau-
lettes type of formation. Here the
Rook mates while Protecting the
Bishop which in tum is cutting
off two escape squares.
The possibilitY of mate bY a
Rook and a BishoP exPlains whY
players try so hard to oPen lines
leading to the enemy King Posi-
tion. Mate can follow when the
player recognizss and uses three
conditions:
1. Either the Rook or the BishoP
is able to check while the
other controls Possible escaPe
squares.
2. The enemy King's Possible es-
cape squares are limited to
the rank or file controlled bY
the Rook and the diagonal
or diagonals controlled bY the
Bishop.
aBishoP 81
3. If an enemy piece defends the
square on which You want to
grve the check that mates,
search for a sacrifice that re-
moves that defender-as
Keres did in the position that
began this chapter.
The positions exarnined in the
rest of this chapter illustrate the
variety of ways in which the basic
mates with a Rook and a BishoP
can be achieved. As you examine
them, keep in mind that it is the
point of intersection of a diagonal
and a rank or file that is alwaYs
critical.
DIAGRAM I34
White Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
This is a common mating Posi-
tion. The White Rook controls
the open KR file. If the White
Bishop can cut oft Black's escaPe
to his I(81 and prevent a return
to his KN2, then mate will result.
82 Checkmatel
Mate with a Ra
White first checks and then dis-
covers a second check which is ANALIS
mate. This iB
game [r I
2. mate two Frd
teurg fu
been m r
at the k
- play'rng Y
ducing c
writers f,
DIAGRAi\,1 136 I-ook H
White IVIates in Three Moyes DIAGRAAA I37 fore yn I
White Mates in Two Moves rifice tH
ANA.LY$S by a Rod
As in Diagram 135, a battery ANALYSIS
is bearing down on the enemy Look at Diagram 129 before
King position. A sacrifice again you seek the mate in this Posi-
forces a variation of the Pills- don This time the BishoP mates
DtAGRAtvl 135 bury Mate (see Diagram 130). To while the Rook cuts off escaPe
White Ilrlates in Three Moves find the obvious sequence of sqrures-as in a MorPhY Mate.
moves you must first visualize Your problem is to force the
ANALYSIS that typical mate with a Rook Black King to a square where
The key to
mate with the and a Bishop! srch a mate is Possible.
Rook and Bishop is to force a 1. 1.
position in which the two pieces 2. mate
work together along two inter- 3. mate
secting open lines. Sometimes
you must sacrffice to open those -
lines. This position would be
mate if the Black KNP were ab-
-
sent. White's goal is therefore
to remove that Pawn and force WEI
the Black King back to its KNl.
Look at Diagram 130 before you AI\IAUT!
try to find the winning moves. hl
EatE tt
will u
3. mate DIAGRAM I38 the uh, '

White Mates in Two Moves a Bitup

-
 Mate with aRook and aBishop 83

DIAGRAA,I I36
;Ee !ilates in Three Moves
faI,r-SIs
As in.Diagram 135, a battery
hring down on the enemy
E pmition- A sacrifice again
EEs a variation of the Pills-
r;tMate (see Diagram 130). To
i the obvious sequence of
tcs ]'ou must first visualize
il typical mate with a Rook
i r Bishop!
3- mate
DIAGRAM I37
firhite Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
Look at Diagram t29 before
you seek the mate in this Posi-
tion. This time the BishoP mates
while the Rook cuts off escaPe
squares-as in a Morphy Mate.
Your problem is to force the
Black King to a square where
such a mate is possible.
1.
2. mate
ANALYSIS
This is the end of an offhand
game by Morphy played against
two French noblemen, both ama-
teurs, during what must have
been an uninspired Performance
at the Paris Opera. But MorPhY,
playing White, was insPired, Pro-
ducing one of those games chess
writers describe 4g .'immortal."
Look back at Diagram 131 be-
fore you look for the simPle sac-
rifice that opens a line for a mate
by a Rook and a BishoP.
2. mate
-

-
-
DIAGRAM I39
White Mates in Three Moves

DIAGRAIA I38
White Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSN
Once learned, this examPle of
mate by a Rook and a BishoP
will not be forgotten. To find
the win, you must first visualize
a Bishop at White's QB7 where
 Checkmate!
Mate with al
it controls White's QN6 and Black could have avoided the the op
QN8. Then visualize an open QR mate by giving up his Queen or with tL
file on which a Rook mates a retreating it to KN3. But White the QI
King that lacls escape squares. 4. mate
would then have won a Rook or win, i!
more after 2. B X R with the Bhcfs
X R.
additional threat of 3. Q mover0
3. mate
2. R-Nlch K-R1 1._
3. B-N7ch K-N1 L-
- 4. B X P dis ch Q-Ns, N6 3._
or N7 4._
5.RXQmate

DIAGRAAA I4T

DlAGRArri 140 PILLSBURY LBB

-
London,1899
S. WINAWBR AMATET'R
-
Poland,1890 Iilhite Mated in Five Moves
Iilhite llfiates in Four Moves
AI,IALYSISI
ANALYSIS The Pillsbury Mate can be
Sometimes a mate by a Rook possible whenever your Bishop DIAGRAM T42

controls escape squares and your White lUates in Four Moves

and a Bishop can appear when
your opponent has misplayed the Rook can check on an open rank
or file. This is one of the best ANALYSIS
opening. White had sacrificed a frlt
piece to open Black's King-side. examples provided by Pillsbury Both sides threaten mate with Bishry
He then saw he could force a in a career that saw many games Rook and Bishop. Were it Black's quircs r
variation of the Pillsbury Mate in which he sacrificed to obtain move, he would play 1. tion- h
(see Diagrams 131 and 132). A open lines. B-B7 dis ch and, after White do is fc
Bishop check forces the Black Examine the position. If the interposed his Knight at R7 or SquflG !

King to the first rank to avoid Black Queen were not on the KN R5, mate would follow \nth 2. Bishry r

an immediate mate. Then a file, IVhite could play
and achieve a Pillsbury Mate.
Queen sacrifice permits mate by
a Rook and a Bishop. 1. Q_83! QXQ
R-Nlch R X N. But it is White's escaPc-
move, and he has a brilliant win
in which Black is mated either t._
at the edge of the board or ou L-
 Mate with a Rook and a BishoP 85

!d Black could have avoided the the open board. White begins
pB mate by giving up his Queen or with the only move that can oPen
be retreating it to KN3. But White the QR file. Can you find the
L 4. mate would then have won a Rook or wh, including the mates after
more after 2. B X R with the Black's three Possible third
additional threat of 3. Q X R. moves?
-
I
2. R-Nlch K-R1
,
.
3. B-N7ch K-NI.
4. B X P dis ch Q-Ns, N6
t.
I

I 5. R X Qmate
or N7 4. mate

I -
I
{ DIAGRAM I4I
_
PELSBURY LE,B
London,1899
B
Wffie Mated in Five Moves
lr
AI{AIYSISI
DlAGRA.tvl 143
The Pillsbury Mate can be
DIAGRAM I42 White Mates in Two Moves
ld possible whenever Your BishoP
White lVlates in Four Moves
F- cmtrols escaPe squares and Your
il.e Rook can check on an oPen rank
ANALYflS
ANALYSIS

pe or file. This is one of the best Mate with a Rook and a

provided bY Pillsbury Both sides threaten mate with Bishop on the open board re-
ida examples Rook and Bishop. Were it Black's quires a relatively blocked Posi-
F3t in a career that saw many games
which he sacrificed to obtain move, he would play 1. tion. In this one all White has to
llc inql€n lines. B-B7 dis ch and, after White do is force the Black King to a
E), A Fvamine the position. If the interposed his Knight at R7 or square where it is mated by a
Lct Black R5, mate would follow with 2. Bishop while a Rook prevents its
hn Queen were not on the KN
fle, White could PlaY R-Nlch R X N. But it is White's escape.
ha md achieve a Pillsbury Mate. move, and he has a brilliant win
Ptt 1. Q--B3! QXQ
in which Black is mated either 1.
a
I at the edge of the board or on mate
r

86 Checkmatel Mate wirtt

The four positions that follow ANALYSIS AIIA
summarize basic mating ideas us-
ing a Rook and a Bishop. Con- This is another typical Th
sider that each position has a
ning attack with Rook simiL
Bishop. It depends on a seesaw Diag
focal point-the squares around
maneuver in which the Rook onH
the intersection of a rank or file
and a. diagonal. If you decide clears away a Pawn that might beu
otherwise advance to block the natin
mate is possible on a target
square, check first to make cer-
long diagonal. Once that has pcili
been done, a Morphy Mate fol- g@cl
tain that you can remove any
lows, the Bishop mating while l.
defender of that square-by a
I45 the Rook controls escape squares. L
sacrifice if necessary. DIAGRATA

\[hite Mates in Two Moves Positions like this one led to the 3-
chess adage-Bev)are of the open
ANALY$S file you create when you snatch
a Knight Pawn!
Look at the position. Suppose
Black's KNP were absent. What
mate in one would follow? Once
you see this, all you must do is
find a move that forces that NP
to move. It must be a forceful 5. mate
move, for Black is threatening (t
mateby 1..... Q-N8! *
- ct
DIAGRAIA I44 2. mate
EI
White IVIates in lhree Moves
2.$
ft
ANALYilS cL
- d
This position quickly turns be
into a Pillsbury Mate-the Rook
mating while the Bishop controls Po
3-A
an escape square. The final posi-
bk
tion is common, depending on dr
the movement of the White DIAGRAM I47 tu
Bishop from a short diagonal to Black Mates in Three Moves fiGr
a long diagonal.

DIAGRAM 146
3. mate Slhite IVIates in Five Moves

DIAGRAM I45
White llrlates in Two Moves
AIT{LY$Si
Look at the position. SuPPose
Rlr"P5 KNP were absent. What
rtta in one would follow? Once
tm see this, all you must do is
ff a move that forces that NP
b move. It must be a forcetul
DE, for Black is threatening
Erteby1.....Q-N8!
l.
L mate
DI.AGRAM I45
Wffie llilates in Five Moves
Mate with a Rook and a Bishop
ANALYSIS
This is another typical win-
ning attack with Rook and
Bishop. It depends on a seesaw
maneuver in which the Rook
clears away a Pawn that might
otherwise advance to block the
long diagonal. Once that has
been done, a Morphy Mate fol-
lows, the Bishop mating while
the Rook controls escaPe squares.
Positions like this one led to the
chess adage-Beware of the open
file you create when you snatch
mate
DIAGRAM I4Z
Black Mates in Three Moves
87
ANALYSIS
This too is a typical position,
similar in its final mate to that of
Diagram 139. Black has a battery
on his open Rook file that can
be used to clear the file for a
mating move. Just imagine the
position with the White KRP
gone!
1. . . . .
mate
REMEMBER!
A Rook and a Bishop can
1.
mate when both bear down
on the enemy King position
along open lines and one can
check while the other blocks
the King's escape.
2. Such a mate follows one of
the patterns presented in this
chapter. Once you are familiar
with these patterns, you will
be able to recognize the op-
portunities to use them.
3. A pattern may exist but be
blocked by a defender. You
should then consider a sacri-
fice that removes that de-
fender.
 Mate wiil
hFr
Thc
CHAPTER 8 tol
m{t
ab
Mate with a Book and a Hnight

DIAGRAM I49

ANALYSIS
This time the King is away
Mate with a Rook and a u;ed tn the fifteenth century. For from a corner square. Again the
Knight is often called the Arab that reason, Arab writings on the Rook mates because the Knight
Mate, for Mddle Eastern chess gulme remain valid today-at is covering the possible escape
writings of the Middle Ages paid least as they conceflr the Arab
squares on the R-fiIe. The Black
special attention to the moves of Mate.
King (or any other piece) pre
the Ituight and its ability to mate The first four diagrams, with vides support to the Rook.
alone or with the aid of another only the pieces needed for the
piece. The Rook and the Ituight mates remaining on the boards, Atr
were the only pieces whose illustrate the four basic positions
t
moves remained unchanged when in which a Rook and a Knight tbr
the nrles of chess were modern- can mate.
Rm
or!
d
ANALY$S Ci-
This is the basic position of dd
the Arab Mate. The Rook mates d
while supported by the Knight. R@
At the same time, the Knight (cr
holds the possible escape square Oril
at BLack's KNl.. I
DIAGRAM I5O itq
trc
ANALYSIS rhr
This is similar to the epar tor
lettes mate,for Black's King is Ki

i a Hnight
hd in the fifteenth century. For
fu reason, Arab writings on the
lne remain valid today-at
h as they concem the Arab
Ee.
Tbe first four diagrams, with
dt the 1neces needed for the
'rEtcs remaining on the boards,
'fuzte the four basic positions
L rtich a Rook and a Knight
cr mate.
TNALYStrI
.- Thb is the basic position of
ft Arab Mate. The Rook mates
fic supported by the Knight.
rlt tbe same time, the Knight
ffi the possible escape square
l Rlack's KNl.
Mate with a Rook and a Knight
DI.AGRAM I49
ANALYSIS
This time the King is away
from a corner square. Again the
Rook mates because the Knight
is covering the possible escaPe
squares on the R-fiIe. The Black
King (or any other Piece) Pro-
vides support to the Rook.
DIAGRAM I5O
ANALYSIS
This is similar to the epau-
lettes mate, for Black's King is
89
hemmed in by its own pieces.
The White Rook prevents escape
to the N-file, while the Knight
mates. Note that the Knight could
also mate from QB5.
DIAGRA,M I5I
ANALYSIS
This time the mate occurs on
the open board. Such a mate by a
Rook and a Knight can take place
only when the eight squares nor-
mally available to a King are
controlled. The Rook covers four
of them; the Pawn covers KB4
and Q4; the Knight supports the
Rook and covers KB5; the King
(or a Bishop on the same square)
controls Q5 and Q4.
There it is. The Arabs worked
it out, and their findings remain
true today. They demonstrated
the three conditions that can lead
to a mate by a Rook and a
I(night.
90 Checkmate!
1. Either the Rook or the Knight
can check (and mate), usuallY
while it is supported by the
other piece. The enemy King
must lack escape squares. See
Diagrams 148 and 151.
2. T\e key to most mates with a
Rook and a Knight is the con-
trol of one or two squares ad-
jacent to the King by the
Knight. One such square cao
be the one on which the Rook
is mating. See Diagrams 148
and 151 again.
3. In most cases, mate requires
the assistance of one or more
Pawns or pieces (and some-
times the King) to control pos-
sible escape squares near the
enemy King, or to support
the mating piece. See Dia-
grams 149 and 151. Alter-
nateln a King's oum pieces
may block its escape. See Dia-
gram 150.
To learn how to mate with a
Rook and a Knight, you must
first recognize the basic positions
in which it is possible. That
meums you must be able to vis-
aahze how a move or two can
force one of the mates shown in
Diagrams 148-151. The follow-
ing diagrams will help you un-
derstand how Arab Mates can be
forced.
Mate wiil
This position was reached in a AIt[
game between Golmayo (White) S
and Mattison in a tournament se,
played at the Hague in 1928. trrir
Attack and counterattack had th;
left the pieces scattered around }{T
the board, each player having a BLt
Rook on his eighth rank. But Th
White's Knight at K4 makes hh crr
position superior, for he can use q
DIAGRAM I52 it to force an Arab Mate. A Rook Kq
Iilhite Mates in Two Moves check drives the Black King to tu
its flrst rank and the Knight then
ANALYilS enters at B6 to force the King
t.
2
The material is even, but the to Rl. Then we have the mating
White Knight at QB6 plus an positionof Diagram 148.
open file for the White Rook in- 1. R-B7ch K-N1
vites the Arab Mate shown in
Diagram 148. Once the Rook
If 1..... K-Kl;2. N-B6
mate (for the Bishop at his QN4
reaches a square where it cuts off
gives White control of his KB8).
Black's second rank, the mate
must follow. 2. N-B6ch K-Rl
3. RXPmate
2. mate
S(
d
tut
DlAGRAlvt 154 ercG
DIAGRAAA I53 KOLTANOWSKT HALSEY Tb
White llilatesin lhree Moves Blindl old Exhibition,- Omaha, 19 58 thr
White Mates in Two Moves fat

DIAGRAM I52
White Mates in Two Moves
AhL{LYilS
The material is even, but the
fhite Knight at QB6 plus an
opca file for the White Rook in-
ttes the Arab Mate shown in
DiagTram 148. Once the Rook
mhes a square where it cuts off
ErcHs second rank, the mate
lret follow.
1.
2- mate
DIAGRAAA I53
Wffie ltilates in lhree Moves
Mate with a Rook and a Knight
This position was reached in a
game between Golmayo (White)
and Mattison in a toumament
played at the Hague in t928.
Attack and counterattack had
left the pieces scattered around
the board, each player having a
Rook on his eighth rank. But
White's Knight at K4 makes his
position superior, for he can use
it to force an Arab Mate. A Rook
check drives the Black King to
its first rank and the Knight then
enters at B6 to force the King
to Rl. Then we have the mating
position of Diagram 148.
1. R-B7ch K-N1
If 1..... K-Kl:.2. N-B6
mate (for the Bishop at his QN4
gives White control of his KB8).
2. N-B6ch K-Rl
3. RXPmate
DIAGRAM I54
KOLTANOWSKT HALSEY
Blindlold Exhibition,- Omaha, 1958
White Mates in Two Moves
9t
ANALYSN
Sometimes a sacrifice is neces-
sary to force the Arab Mate. In
this game White had to visualize
the position if the Black Rook at
N2 were at R2 (instead of the
Black Pawn now on that square).
Then mate would be possible be-
cause the White Rook would be
supported atits N8 by the
Knight. A Queen sacrifice does
the trick!
1.
2. mate
DIAGRAM I55
ROSSOLIMO _ RETSSMAN
Puerto Rico,1967
Some positions require ex-
tended analysis, especially when
they call for understanding of
exceptional grandmaster play.
The best players seem to sense
the existence af basic checkm2lss,
for they see the entire board and
92 Checkmatel Mate v,'ith a

all possible co-ordination of the Black therefore tries another It isn't complicated at all if squaE
pieces. In this game Rossolimo move to prevent White from play- you see how to force the White might
had sacrificed a Pawn to bring ingQXPmate. King to its Rl and then force szrne I
the NP to move! pies tt
his Knights forward, and has
just played N-B6ch, to which
1. .... rB7 on s-b
2. R-83 t.
Black has answered . . . . K-R1. aaaa
caPe t
Now White threatens 3. 2. sltron
Suddenly the Black King is riPe
for an Arab Mate, if only White
R X P mate. It 2. .. . . P-R3; 3. mate on cht
can find a way to check with a
3.RXPch,PXR;4.QXPcb, they d
Rook on the Rook file. The onlY
Q-R2; 5. Q X Q mate and the threau
result is similar to the Arab Mate. ation
way for such a check to occur is Anastasia's Mate
<

by opening the KR file. Observe 2..... QXQ shows

Rossolimo's method-an amaz-
ing feat that becomes simPle and
almost obvious once you remem-
ber that no piece is sacred so
long as sacrificing it leads to
checkmate!
1. Q-N6!
The Queen is placed on
square where two Pawns can cap-
ture and where it also threat-
it,
ens X RP mate. Consider
2. Q
3. NXQch BPXN This form of the mate with pla;:ed
4. RXPmate Rook and Knight obtained its nen@r
name from a novel by Wilhelrn \lare'l
The Arab Mate after all! Heinse, Anastasia und das
repert(
Schachspiel (Anastasia and the
Game of Chess), published in
1803. Chess was a popular theme
in early modern literature, and
Heinse's book included reference
a to this position in which a Rook
and a Knight mate.
I

what happens if Black takes the

Ituight: W
1. .. .. P x N; 2. Q x P(86)ch,
K-Nl; 3. R-N3ch, N-N4; DIAGRATI 156
L
4.RXNmate (Or2.....N- Black Mates in lhree Moves
N2; 3. R-KN3, R-KNI; 4. WH
NX Pch wins Black's Queen) ANALY$S
.{-\-{I
White threatens immediate
And suppose he takes the
mate by R-B8. But it is Black's Th€
Queen: tion d
move, and he sees that an Arab DTAGRAMr5z
didonu
1. . .. .RP X Q; 2. R-R3 mate Mate is possible: Anastasia's Mate
or the Knight to KB6 1. Th
1.....8PXQ;NXPch, -Play
--+lear the seventh rank Note that the Rook mates to
P X N;3. R-R3 mate on KR7 while the Knight controls the two 2. Th
-mate
 Mate with a Rook and a Knight 93

Black therefore tries another It isn't complicated at all if
rDove to prevent White from PlaY- you see how to force the White
mgQXPmate. King to its R1 and then force
the NP to move!
1..... Q-87
2. R-R:i 1. aaaa
Now White tbreatens 3. 2.
R X P mate. It 2. .. . . P-R3; 3. mate
3.RXPch,PXR;4.QXPch,
FR2; 5. Q X Q mate and the
result i5 5imilar to the Arab Mate.
,} Anastasia's Mate
!. o a a t QXQ
3. NxQch BPXN This form of the mate with
4. RXPmate Rook and Knight obtained its
name from a novel by Wilhelm
The Arab Mate after all! Heinse, Anasta,sia und das
Schachspiel (Anastasia and the
Game of Chess), published in
1803. Chess was a popular theme
in early modern literature, and
Heinse's book included reference
to this position in which a Rook
and a Knight mate.
squares to which the Black King
might otherwise move. At the
same time, a Black Pawn occu-
pies the square next to the King
on which it could normally es-
cape the check. This mating po-
sition was not new, but writers
on chess picked up the name as
they described final attacks that
threatened or included some vari-
ation of this mate. Diagram 158
shows the standard attack, one
played again and again by expe-
rienced players as the Anastasia
Mate became part of the master's
repertoire.

DIAGRAM 156
DIAGRAM I58
BXack lltates in Three Moves
White Mates in Three Moves
AI[{LYSIS
ANALYSIS
t\bite threatens immediate
lIure by R-B8. But it is Black's The goal is to force the posi-
rrcre, and he sees that an Arab tion of Diagram 157. Three con-
D]AGRAM I57
ditions must be met:
Mate is posible: Anastasia's Mate
the Knight to KB6 1. The Knight should be at K7
-PIay
--clear the seventh rank Note that the Rook mates to control N6 and N8.
on KR7 while the Knight controls the two 2. The Black King should be at
-mate
94 Checkmatel Mae wirt
its RL or R2 with the R-file world and became word cham- RTTY LOPEZ
1r
open. pion by complicating his games
1. P-K4 P-K4 I
3. A Rook must be able to check in ways his opponents found too s
much to handle. No wonder men
2. N_KB3 N-QB3
and mate on that open flle.
3. B-Ns N_83 alTz
like Lasker and Fischer were
Therefore: feared; each game became a test
4. O-O NXP the.,

1. N-K7ch K-Rl 5. R-Kl N-Q3 1581

2. Q X Pch K X Q
3. R-Rt mate
The Most Femed
Chess Master of His Time
Every player likes one type of
position better than others. He
plays best when he can get that
comfortable feeling that comes
from being on familiar ground.
But each player also has his
weaknesses. He may make mis-
takes when defending; he may
not know the ending as well as
the opening or the middle game;
he may dislike open or closed
positions. Dr. Emanuel Lasker
of Germany became the most
successful chess master of his
time (he was world champion
from 1894 to 1921) by ptaying
to force his opponents into the
types of positions they had found
most difficult in their past games.
This meant constant study of the
games of other leading players
and the careful change of strategy
from game to game to bewilder
his opponents. No player was so
successful in this psychological
approach to the game until Rob-
ert J. Fischer shocked the chess
of one's ability to survive the un- tor
familiar or to defend against the
6. N-83 NXB
unexpected!
7. NXP N X N(K4) the
Blac
Lasker was a confident man, tos
as interested in philosophy as in
chess. He felt his chief accom- tr
plishment was his writing and
lecturing-muct of it on matters
other than chess. But at a lecture
n 1937 at Columbia University
his audience insisted on asking
the aging master questions about
chess. What odds might the deity
give a player of his ability once
I
he had arrived at the section of
heaven certainly reserved for DIAGRAAA I59 I
chess masters? His reply was I
greeted by a burst of applause:
"No more than a Bishop."
Players who prefer the Black I
side of the Ruy Lopez usually
Lasker understood every kind expect to have time to develop
of checkmate, and often used u
their pieces and to organize a
threats of mate as part of his defense against any White plan
psychological arsenal. After all,
A!{r
of attack. But in Lasker's new
it takes time and energy to find variation Black has been wan- If
the best defense to a mate threat, dering about with his Knights EXrr!
and this worried his opponents. bact
and is now subjected to a crush-
In 1895 Lasker introduced a line ing onslaught that wins a piece Th
in the Ruy Lopez Opening that cfi yr
or mates.
can lead to the Anastasia Mate. mJ
For years afterwards other mas- 8. RXNch ts-ffj}
ters worried that some quick win
9. N-Qs ()-() t2
13
mlght result from an unusual There is no way Black can
move by the then world cham- prevent White from capturing the TI
pion. Bishop at Black's K2. trirt
 Mate with o Rook and a Knight

dd and became word cham- RTIY LOPE,zi

10. NXBch K-Rl
Fn by complicating his games P_K4 11. rRs
L uays his opponents found too N-Q83 Suddenly White has the basic
fch to handle. No wonder men N-83 attack position that can lead to
b r ^sker and Fischer were NXP the Anastasia Mate (see Diagram
kE{ each game became a test N-Q3 158). In addition, he threatens
ilme's ability to survive the un-
NXB to win a piece by 12. N X B, for
Hiar or to defend against the
N X N(K4) the Knight can then escape if
Black moves his attacked Knight
-rpected
I:.ker was a confldent man, to safety.
r imerested in philosophy as in
ih. He felt his chief accom- 11. .... N-Qs
fuent was his writing and
lffiring+uch of it on matters
M than chess. But at a lecture
I 1937 at Columbia University
E andience insisted on asking
E aghg master questions about
fu. What odds might the deity
;ie a player of his ability once
b Ua arrived at the section of
bwn certainly reseryed for DIAGRAM I59
dqs masters? His reply was
E@d by a burst of applause: Players who Prefer the Black
Ab more than a Bishop." side of the Ruy LoPez usuallY DIAGRAAA 160
r -s,ker understood every kind expect to have time to develoP Iilhite Mates in Ilvo Moves
d cbeckmate, and often used their pieces and to organizn, a
turfs of mate as part of his detense against any White Plan ANALYS$
pctologicat arsenal. After all, of attack. But in Lasker's new
A lakes "me and energy to find If you do not see the final two
variation Black has been wan-
t best defense to a mate threat, moves of Lasker's analysis, look
dering about with his Ifuights
al this worried his opponents. back to Diagram 157 and 158.
and is now subiected to a crush-
L f895 l:sker introduced a line The mating idea should be part
ing onslaught that wins a Piece
L tre Rry Lopez Opening that of your chess arsenal from now
or mates.
a lead to the Anastasia Mate. 8. RXNch B-K2
on!
k years afterwards other mas- 9. N-Qs o-() 12.
ftr wsried that some quick win 13. mate
There is no way Black can
-gh result from an unusual The Anastasia Mate on the
Dre by the then world cham- prevent White from caPtudng the
thirteenth move of a game! No
fr. Bishop at Black's K2.
-
96 Checkmate! Mae wtdtt

wonder playing Lasker left chess

Easters so shaken!
I
What ate the characteristics
of a position in which you can
mate with a Rook and a Knight?
I
1. In the Arab Mate the Knight
usually supports the Rook and
I
can also control
square adjacent
King.
another
to the enemy
DIAGRAM 16T DTAGRAM 162
I
2. In the Anastasia Mate, the TVhite lVlates in Three Moves rmuari ErrwE E
Knight prevents escape on two -
Cmlsbad,1929
diagonal squares while the ANALY$S \ilhite Mates in Itwo Moves ANAI
Rook mates on the rank or
flle. At the same time, the This position demands a sac-
ANALYSIs
E-
rifice. Note that Black threatens tit
enem1r King is blocked by one
of its own Pawns. mateby 1. . . . . O X P. Howcan Always examine your own im- wb
3. Always consider sacrifices that White avoid the mate? He doesn't mediate threats as well as those d(
force the enemy King to the have to seek a defense, for he of your opponent. White is Q7. I
square where mate with a can play the standard attacking clearly in danger of being mated in til
moves of the Anastasia Mate! by a move like Black'S 1. . . . .
Rook and Knight can occur,
The order of the moves may be Q-R7 mate. But he also sees -r
bvt
or to open a rank or file for
a little different, but the final po- that he could mate if he could CE
the final Rook check and
mate. sition isn't. force the Black King to move to
its KBl. The Ituight would then
4I
dtu
The seven diagrams that fol- control the Black escape squares gn
low will enable you to apply these
ideas in a variety of positions in 3. mate
at K7 and KN7. The problem: sdi
what move can force the Black porri
which mate with a Rook and a King to move to a square wbre
Knight can be forced.
L
it will be mated? 2-.
- 1.
2. mate
 Mate with a Rook and a Knight

DIAGRAM 16I DIAGRAM 162 DIAGRAAA I63

bhtes in Three Moves VIDMAR EIIWE Black Mates in Itpvo Moves

-
Cmlsbad,1929
n$s White Mates in Tlvo Moves ANALYSIS
: rcition demands a sac- Black must find a decisive con-
ANALYSIS tinuation, for White will other-
lhe that Black threatens
Always examine your own im- wise win quickly by advancing
7f.....OXP.Howcan mediate threats as well as those and Queening the Pawn at his
inid the mate? He doesn't
D seek a defense, for he of your opponent. White is Q7. Fortunately, Black can mate
l, the standard attacking clearly in danger of being mated in two with a Rook and a Knight
d the Anastasia Mate! by a move like Black's 1. . . . . opportunity made possible
Q-R7 mate. But he also sees -an
by the position of the White Rook
fu of the moves may be
ffireng but the final po- that he could mate if he could on KN4, where it blocks possible
dt- force the Black King to move to flight by the White King. A sac-
its KB1. The Ituight would then riflce does the trick-and Dia-
control the Black escape squaxes gram 151 will remind you of the
at K7 and KN7. The problem: goal if you do not see the final
mate
what move can force the Black position at once.
King to move to a square where
it will be mated?
1.
2. mate
 Moc tit
98 Checkmate!
1. rh
ANALYSIS 2. slr
This is similar to Diagram 3. mde m
164,for again a well-timed check ft
leads to mate by a Rook and a Q3
Krtight. Suppose the Black Pawn I
at Black's Q3 were at its 84 in- a
/
stead. How could White then 1

mate in one move? AII you have

to do is find the move that forces
that Pawn to move! Itr
DIAGRAA,I 164 l.
Black Mates in Two Moves 2. mate

ANALYSIS
Although White's King is on
the open board, it cannot move DIAGRA'iA I67
freely. This means it will be White lVlates in Three Moves 2-
mated if Black can find a check
to which there is no defense. The
ANALY$S
Rook battery points the way. The Black King is penned in
by its own pieces. Its only more
1.
2. mate
if attacked on the Q-file is to
return to K1. How can White
force it to do that? Since Black

DIAGRAIA 166
Black Mates in Three Moves

DIAGRAM I65
White Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
The Black Knight at his N5
controls White's possible escape
squares at his KR2 or KB2. A
combination suggests itself if the
White Rook can be forced to
leave the KB file and thus be un-
able to interpose at KBl. What
move does this? And what sac-
rifice then follows?
 Mate with o Rook and a Knight 99

1. threatens to cteate an escape

NALY$S 2. square by a Bishop move, White
fhis is similar to
Diagram 3. mate must begin with a check! If only
i'1, for again a well-timed check the Rook at N3 could move to
G to mate by u Rook and a Q3 with check!
ptht- Suppose the Black Pawn 1.
iHack's Q3 were at its 84 in- 2.
d- How could White then 3. mate
rE h one move? AII you have
r& is find the move that forces
I Pawn to move! REMEIUBER!
t- 1. Recognize the basic mating
L mate positions of the Arab Mate
and the Anastasia Mate-the
two most common ways to
mate with a Rook and a
DIAGRAM 167 Knight.
TYhite llfiates in Three Moves 2. Most mates with a Rook and
a Ifuight require a sacrifice to
ANALY$S open a line or to clear a square
The Black King is penned in for a check and mate. Be
by its own pieces. Its only move ready to make such a sacrifice
if attacked on the Q-file is to if you see you can then force
return to K1. How can White one of the four positions at
force it to do that? Since Black the beginning of this chapter.

DIAGRA}A T66
Eck Mates in Three Moves

ilALYSIs
Ihe Black Knight at his N5
rlrols \\'hite's possible escape
pares at his KR2 or KB2. A
mbination suggests itself if the
tEe Rook can be forced to
rrc the KB file and thus be un-
tc to interpose at KB 1. What
ue does this? And what sac-
h then follows?
 Mate *ith ai
Black has just captured White's
Knight at 83. The normal reply
CHAPTER 9 to any capture is to recapture.
But Bednarski played a surprise
move instead.
Mate \ryith a l{night and a Bishop 1. Q-R.6!
This Queen sacrifice is made I
possible by the immediate mate
that would follow on L. . . . .
g X Q; 2. N-K7 mate. The I
White Bishop then controls
Rl, and the Black A!{J
Black's N2 and
King has no escape squares. This BI
The Chess Olympiads, held know more about the techniques is one of the basic mating posi- RI:
every two years, are the most and ideas that lead to victory. In tions with Bishop and Knight Rod
popular of all chess competitions. the 1970 event, held at Skopje,
Each country sends its team, Yugoslavia, the Polish master 1..... BxB cuts
NZ'
usually containing the nation's Bednarski had White against an 2. PXB I("it
best players. The teams are di- unknown na:ned Novissere. Bed-
The mate s/ith Knight and Ktig
vided into four or five groups for narski advanced pieces while No-
a preliminary series of matches, vissere pushed his center Pawns. Bishop is gone, but White now
threatens 3. Q-N7 mate.
-o
thE
with the highest ranking teams in Finally a position was reached
each group advancing to a cham- in which Bednarski could use gar
2..... QxBP
pionship final round robin. A1- his understanding of how to mate
ternately, a Swiss System is used, with a Knight and a Bishop to
3. NXQch
4. Q X RPmate
K-Rl r
in which teams play opponents force a quick win.
T
who have achieved the same or Mate with a Bishop and Knight L
V
similar scores in their previous
play. In any event, the Olympiads
are the great opportunity for
when the enemy King is at Rl
or Nl with its escape squares
blocked by its own Pawns or
I
relatively unknown players to pieces or controlled by your
play the world's leading grand- pieces is often called the Bird
T
masters. Sometimes an unknown
is a world star in the making
whose victories add a new name
Mate, after an English master of
the mid-1800s who used it eftec-
tively. The following three dia-
I
to the roster of the world's best. grams illustrate the three common
But more often the grandmas- forms of the mate.
ters and well-known international
masters win steadily, for they DIAGRAM 168

100

il a Bishop
Er more about the techniques
d ideas that lead to victory. In
e 1910 event, held at SkoPje,
rgmlar-ia, the Polish master
dnarski had White against an
itnos-n aamed Novissere. Bed-
rski a,Jvanced pieces while No-
scre pu-shed his center Pawns.
mt- a position was reached
rtich Bednarski could use
r understanding of how to mate
It a Knight and a BishoP to
rEE a quick win.
DIAGRAM 168
Mate with aKnight and aBishoP 101
Black has just captured White's
Knight at B3. The normal rePlY
to any capture is to recaPture.
But Bednarski played a surPrise
move instead.
1. Q-R5!
This Queen sacriflce is made
possible by the immediate mate
that would follow on 1. . . . .
g X Q; 2. N-K7 mate. The DIAGRAM 169
White Bishop then controls
Black's N2 and R1, and the Black ANALYSIS
King has no escape squares. This Black's King is at Nl with its
is one of the basic mating Posi- R1 square occupied by its own
tions with Bishop and Knight. Rook. The White Bishop at R6
cuts off escape to Black's BL or
1..... BXB N2. Thus, the check by the White
2. PXB Ituight is mate. Note that the
Knight could also mate from Q7
The mate with Iftight and
Bishop is gone, but White now position similar to that
threatens 3. Q-N7 mate.
-a
threatenedby Bednarski in the
game just examined.
2..... QXBP
3. NXQch K-Rl
4. Q X RPmate
Mate with a Bishop and Knight
when the enemy King is at Rl
or Nl with its escape squares
blocked by its own Pawns or
pieces or controlled by your
pieces is often called the Bird
Mate, after an English master of
the mid-1800s who used it effec-
tively. The following three dia- DTAGRAM I7O
grams illustrate the three common
ANALYSIS
forms of the mate.
Mate is also possible with
King, Ifuight, and Bishop against
 Mate with a l
lO2 Checkmate!

a lone King. The Bishop mates What are the characteristics of This is one of them (see Dia-
gram 169). The Black King lacks
while the King and Knight cut positions in which a Knight and
escape squares, and will be mated
off escape squares. Set up this a Bishop mate?
position and then move your if a Knight can check it. You
1. The enemy Kirg is usually on
pieces to the other formations
that result in similar mates:
the edge of the board; more
have two possible checks, but the
Black Queen will capture any t
usually in a corner of the Ifuight that moves to White's
Bracr KrNc ALwAYS et R1. board. Q7. Count. What do you do? T
a. White K at R6; B at N7; N 2. Its escape squares are blocked
at 86 or Q7 by its own pieces or Pawns. 1.
b. White K at R6; B at QB7; N 3. The most common position in- 2. mate E
at QN6 cludes your own Bishop con-
c. White K at QBS; N at QN5; trolling a diagonal left open BI
B mating anywhere on the by the advance or removal of
long diagonal the enemy Pawn at N2. This Alf{
creates a hole at the oppo- TI
nent's R3 or B3. See Diagram rific€
t69. aKr
4. Either your Knight or your girE!
Bishop then cuts off possible Bhil
escape squares while the other Bish
piece checks and mates.
P€E
form
occtr
sa@

DIAGRAM I7I
ANALYSIS
Mate with a Knight and a
Bishop is also possible when the
enemy King is on its first rank
and its escape is blocked by its
own Pawns or pieces. White's last
two moves in this position were a
Knight check when Black's Ki.rg
was at its KR1 and then a Bishop
check (- mate) at K6. Note that
the Knight prevents escape to
Black's B1 or Rl.
DIAGRAM I73 1.
Black Mates in Ityro Moves
;"
ANALYSIS
The White King cannot move.
White needs two moves to create
an escape square at his KBl. But
Black can check and mate with
DIAGRAM I72
a Knight before that escape
IVhite Mates in Two Moves square can be opened. How does
ANALYSIS he do this?
Your goal is to know and rec- t. aaoa
ogrltze the positions that permit , mate
mate with a Knight and a Bishop.

at are the characteristics of
rns ia which a Knight and
rq rrate?
E enemy King is usually on
: edge of the board; more
ullf in a corner of the
ard.
6cape squares are blocked
its oqn pieces or Pawns.
e most common position in-
des vour own Bishop con-
illins a diagonal left open
tk advance or removal of
: qremv Pawn at N2. This
rates a hole at the oppo-
nt's R3 or 83. See Diagram
9_
tber ]-our Knight or your
rbcp then cuts off possible
:ape s6irsres while the other
;ce checks and mates.
DIAGRAM I72
h ltlates in Two Moves
LYSIS
nr goal is to know and rec-
e the positions that Permit
rith a Knight and a Bishop.
Mate with a Knight and a Bishop 103
This is one of them (see Dia-
gram 169). The Black King lacks
escape squa^res, and will be mated
if a Knight can check it. You
have two possible checks, but the
Black Queen will capture any
Ifuight that moves to White's
Q7. Count. What do you do?
1.
2. mate
DIAGRAM I74
Black Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
This position illustrates a sac-
rffice that opens lines for mate by
a Knight and a Bishop. Black
gives up his Queen to torce
White's King to N2. Then a
Bishop check cuts off escape to
permit mate by a Knight. In one
form or another, this attack has
occurred in dozens of tournament
games.
DIAGRAM T73 1.
Black Mates in Itvo Moves 2.
3. mate
ANALYSIS
The White King cannot move.
White needs two moves to create
an escape square at his I(81. But
Black can check and mate with
a Knight before that escape
square can be opened. How does
he do this?
1. aaaa
2. mate
 Mate with a
to4 Checkmate!

DIAGRAM I77
D]AGRAM I75 DIAGRAII 176
Black Mates in Five Moves White Mates in Four Moves
White Mates in Four Moves ff
ANALYSIS f\
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
It matters little that your op L
Don't be surprised by the five- Here is a position inwhich ponent can Queen a Pawn-so you
move requirement of this posi- Black gave up two of his pieces to this
long as you can still force mate.
tion. It is really the same attack force a set of passed Pawns that Here again the enemy King is KEi{
you saw in Diagram I74. But cannot be prevented from making cry
trapped. It will be mated if it can
this time you must first remove a new Queen. But in the process Blac
be checked by the White Bishop.
the two Black Rooks from the the Black King is trapped and Bist
Can you see the circuitous route
long diagonal. Fortunately, this will be mated if White can that culminates in mate? sffi
can be done without giving White achieve the kind of position dis- the I
an escape square! cussed under Diagram 170. How 1.
2. 1.
1. .... does the White King support the
J. 1
piece that finally mates?
4. mate
1.
2. T
mate 3. sit
4. mate @e
_1q-ut
th€
4.t-[!t
esPe
isH
o(h
Bfuh
youE

DIAGRAM 176
Shfrte llates in Four Moves
IALYSN
Eere is a position in which
rct sar-e up two of his Pieces to
roc a set of passed Pawns that
mot b€ prevented from making
rtr Queen. But in the process
a Black King is trapped and
Il b€ mated if White can
hb-e the kind of position dis-
ssed under Diagram 170. How
rs the \\trite King support the
ccc that finally mates?
I
.,
3 with a Knight and a Bishop when
4 mate
Mate with a Knight and a Bishop
DIAGRAI,i I77
White Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
It matters little that your oP-
ponent can Queen a Pawn-so
long as you can still force mate.
Here again the enemy King is
trapped. It will be mated if it can
be checked by the White Bishop.
Can you see the circuitous route
that cutninates in mate?
1.
2.
3.
4. mate
105
DIAGRAM I78
White Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
Look at Diagam l7l before
you seek the winning moves in
this position. Suppose White's
Knight could check without being
captured. That would force the
Black King to its Nl, where a
Bishop check would be mate. A
sacrifice opens the N6 square for
the Ituightl
1.
2.
3. mate
There it is. You can mate
one of the pieces cuts off escape
squares while the other attacks
the King. Sometimes the Knight
and Bishop can do this alone,
especially when the enemy King
is blocked by its own pieces. At
other times the Knight and
Bishop need the assistance of
your King or a piece or Pawn to
106 Checkmate! Mate with a Knil

dominate escape squares or to
support the mating piece. Try to
visualize the possible mate first.
If it seems possible but
is blocked
by some enemy piece or the need
to open a line, consider the pos-
sibility of a sacrifice to remove
that piece or open that line.
The positions that follow fur-
ther illustrate ways of mating
with a Knight and a Bishop. Sac-
riflces are important in most of
them.
pieces bearing down on the King
position, Bird saw a way to mate
with Knight and Bishop-thereby
giving chess literature the Bird
Mate!
1..... N-K7Ch
This finish is charactenzed bY
effective pins-situations where
a piece cannot move because its
move would expose a King to
capture. Here the White Rook is
pinned by a Bishop and the White
Bishop by a Rook. In the final
position it will be a Qrreen that
pins the Pawn that might other-
wise capture the mating piece.
2. K-Rl R. X Bch
3. RXR N-N6 mate
beer, an Irish whiskeY, a Guin- the Bla
ness, a cognac, a scotch, a double
liqueur, and (the other two bY move (x
then having dozed off) no one a QueE
knows how much more. He sheP- is<n
herded them back to the tour- Koignt:
nament and proceeded to win his check?
game. Since his oPPonent was 1._
half asleep, it's best to omit his 2._
name. Stolz often won without 3._
the aid of stimulants, for he
tended to confuse his oPPonents
by sharp tactical threats. Dia-
gram 180 shows a Position he
discussed in the analYsis of one
of his wins. Realizing it might
occur and working out a defense
to it had probably had a sober-
ing effect on that oPponent!

A Toast to Gosta Stolz!

Gosta Stolz, Sweden's star in
nine Olympiad competitions be- LEC
DIAGRAM I79 tween 1937 and 1954, possessed
ASTHER BIRD a sense of humor and capacity TILN
-
London,1853 for fun that made him popular
Black Mates in Three Moves at every tournament. On one fu\AI-'
occasion he proved his apparent
ANALYSIS This
immunity to alcohol. He and two
This is an early example of the other players wandered into an DIAGRAM l8o of Dial
Bird Mate. Bird was talented but inn during some off hours of a Yt/hite Mates in Three Moves sac-rifrcr

won few tournaments. He was tournament at Hastings, England.

given to wild attacks that at times
neglected development. But in
this game he had outplayed his
opponent, giving up a Rook to
develop his pieces. With four
a dout
The Swedish gandmaster fin- ANALYSIS B1ACKI
will ha
ished off four pots of jam and Black, far ahead in material,
can be
then offered to buy drinks for his threatens a quick win by 1. . . . .
friends. The jam must have made R X Qor1.....O XBch.Yet 1- -
him thinty, for he had a black White can mate if he can force L -

Ec6 bearing down on the King
nition, Bird saw a way to mate
It Kniqh and BishoP-therebY
ring chess literature the Bird
hte:
1-.... N-K7ch
This finish is characterized by
hctive pins-situations where
pirce cannot move because its
m would expose a King to
Frc. Here the White Rook is
Gd b1' a Bishop and the White
bbop b) a Rook. In the final
riticn it will be a Queen that
m the Pawn that might other-
be capture the mating piece.
2. K-Rl R. X Bch
3. R.XR N-N6 mate
Tmst to Gosta Stolz!
Gosta Stolz, Sweden's star in
iae Ollmpiad competitions be-
rccn 19-e7 and 1954, possessed
rr?r'ls€ of humor and capacity
r fun that made him popular
! er-ery tournament. On one
rasion he proved his apparent
munin' to alcohol. He and two
tbcr plavers wandered into an
n during some off hours of a
rrrrurEoent at Hastings, England.
hE Swedish grandmaster fin-
tcd off four pots of jam and
p ofiered to buy drinks for his
ids. The jam must have made
im thirsty, for he had a black
Mate with a Knight and a BishoP 107
beer, an Irish whiskeY, a Guin- the Black King to its R1. A
ness, a cognac, a scotch, a double check (the King must
liqueur, and (the other two bY move on a double check) follows
then having dozed off) no one a Queen sacrifice. The question
knows how much more. He sheP- is-on what square does the
herded them back to the tour- Knight give its part of the double
nament and Proceeded to win his check?
game. Since his oPPonent was 1.
half asleep, it's best to omit his 2.
name. Stolz often won without 3. mate
the aid of stimulants, for he
tended to confuse his oPPonents
by sharp tactical threats. Dia-
gram 180 shows a Position he
discussed in the analYsis of one
of his wins. Realizing it might
occur and working out a defense
to it had probablY had a sober-
ing effect on that oPPonent!
DIAGRAM I8I
LECHTYNSKY PACHMAN
-
Czechoslovakia, 1968
IYhite Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
This position is similar to that
of Diagram 180. White has just
DIAGRAM I80
sacriflced his Queen at KR7. Now
White Mates in Three Moves
a double check can force the
ANALYSIS Black King back to RL, where it
will have no escaPe squares and
Black, far ahead in material,
can be mated bY a Knight check.
threatens a quick win bY 1. . . . .
RXQorl.....OXBch.Yet 1.
White can mate if he can force 2. mate
108 Checkmate! Mate wit
Surprise Number Two! The
White Bishop at KN2 is attack-
ing Black's Queen.
3..... QXQ
Surprise Number Three! Caa
you see the Bird Mate in rwo
moves?
4.
5. mate

DIAGRAAA I82 DIAGRAAA T83

SCHMID CASTALDI ROBATSCH JANSA
-
Bern,1957 -
Sochi,1974
White Mates in Two Moves IVhite IVIates in Five Moves

ANALYSIS
Again a Queen sacrifice forces
a mate. All White has to do is
gain control of the long diagonal,
on which a check can mate a
Black King that has no escape
squares. If Black refuses the sac-
rifice, mate follows anyway with
Bishop and Knight or with Queen
(acting like a Bishop) and Knight.
mate
ANALYflS I
f
lt seems incredible that mate E
by Ifuight and Bishop can result
from this position-yet it hap- r
n
pened! Black has just snatched
e
White's QBP, expecting 1. B X
E
B, Q X B; 2. R-81, Q-B3; DIAGRAM I84
n
when he is safe and a Pawn Black Mates in Three Moves
b
ahead. But he failed to see that
his King and Bishop are on the ANAI,YSIS
same diagonal! Note the characteristics that
point to a possible mate bl- a
1.H2! Knight and a Bishop. Black's
Bishop on the long diagonat
Surprise Number One! The would cut off White's escape il
Black Bishop cannot take the the diagonal were open. The n
Queen, for it is pinned by White's Black Knight could then deliver
Bishop. And if Black plays 1. the mate at R6. But how can
I
. . . . B X B, then White wins Black open the diagonal? The
Black's Queen! sacrifice should be obvious!

1. . . . . 1.
QXQP
2.BXBch P_K4 2.
3. NXP! 3. ma&
 Mate with a Knight and a Bishop 109

Surprise Number Two! The

White Bishop at KN2 is attack-
ing Black's Queen.
3..... QXQ
Surprise Number Three! Can
you see the Bird Mate in two
moves?
4.
5. mate

DIAGRAM I85
DIAGRAM I83
_ TVhite Mates in Two Moves
1 BOBATSCH JANSA
Sochi,1974 ANALYSIS
[Ee ]Iates in Five Moves
White could mate if the Black
ilALYsIS Pawn were not at N2. Black
would then succumb to N-R6
l seems incredible that mate mate. In such a situation a sac-
7 Xnight and Bishop can result rifice is in order, especially if it
L this position-yet it hap- involves a move that also threat-
d! Black has just snatched ens mate. White made a Queen
&'s QBB expecting 1. B X move in this position that caused
li Q X B; 2. R-Bl, Q-B3; DIAGRAM I84
immediate resignation. How does
h he is safe and a Pawn Black Mates in Three Moves he force mate in two?
bd- Bu he failed to see that
I frng and Bishop are on the ANALYSIS 1.
diagpnal! Note the characteristics that 2. mate
- point to a possible mate by a
t Q--.Q2! Knight and a Bishop. Black's
Bishop on the long diagonal
*Vrlse Number One! The would cut off White's escape if
E Bishop cannot take the the diagonal were open. The REMEMBER!
Fcn, for it is pinned by White's Black Knight could then deliver 1. There are three typical posi-
IfiA. And if Black plays 1. the mate at R6. But how can tions in which you can mate
-."BXB,thenWhitewins Black open the diagonal? The with a Bishop and a Knight.
Es Queen! sacrifice should be obvious! In each of them one of your
1. aaaa pieces cuts oft escape squares
il. QXQP
2- i'* n"n P_K4 2. while the other checks and
,t NXP! 3. mate mates.
110 Checkmate!
2. A\e most common mates with
Bishop and Knight occur
when your opPonent's King is
at itsNl, cannot escaPe to
B1, and fnds its Rl and N2
squares controlled bY Your
Bishop. A check bY Your
Knight then forces mate.
3. Sacrifices are often needed to
open a King position to Per-
mit mate by a Knight and a
Bishop. Consider a sacrifice
whenever you recognue the
possibility of creating one of
the three basic mating Posi-
tions.
CHAPTER 1O
Mate with Two F.nighu
Meet Sam Lloyd tnl
a
Perhaps the most ingenious K!
maker of pnzzles and brain teas-
ers ever pubtshed in the United
States, Sam Lloyd was also the
premier American chess problem-
ist of the second half of the niner'
teenth century. His forte was the
creation of positions where vic-
tory seemed impossible-rmtll
some sequence of apparently sui-
cidal moves reconstructed the
situation to permit mate. Lloyd
played tournament chess infre-
quently and had mixed results,
perhaps because of his tendency
to complicate positions in a f
search for brilliant finisfoss. fs1 elE
there were times when his special
penchant for the unusual paid
rKq
oft. In the Paris Chess Congress afr
of 1867, Lloyd had White against uo!
a well-known master named Ro rfr!:
senthal. They reached a position Eo
111
Srrrifices are often needed to
optn a King position to Per- CHAPTER 1 O
nit mate by a Knight and a
IEshop. Consider a sacrifice
denever you recognize the
psibility of creating one ot
Mate with Two Knights
fu three basic mating Posi-
r+rrs.

Meet Sam Lloyd in which the American produced

an unusual mate with two
Perhaps the most ingenious Knights.
maker of. plzzles and brain teas-
ers ever published in the United
States, Sam Lloyd was also the
premier American chess problem-
ist of the second half of the nine-
teenth century. His forte was the
creation of positions where vic-
tory seemed impossible-until
some sequence of apparently sui-
cidal moves reconstructed the
situation to permit mate. Lloyd
played tournament chess infre-
quently and had mixed results, DIAGRAM I86
perhaps because of his tendency
to complicate positions in a White has concentrated his
search for brilliant finishes. Yet pieces on the Queen side while
there were times when his special Black has gained control of the
penchant for the unusual paid King side. Given time, Black will
off. In the Paris Chess Congress advance his KRP and win. But
of 1867, Lloyd had White against Lloyd is ready to unleash a win-
a well-known master named Ro- ning attack on the Black King.
senthal. They reached a position If only he could force that King
111
ll2 Checkmate! -1,'

to its Rl square the combination 1. The enemy King lacks escape Knight prevents escape while the
of Rook and two Iftights might squares. other Knight checks (- mates)
force a mate. The only move that 2. Two squares near the King and also controls one possible
can achieve the forcing of . . . . are usually held by one of the escape square.
K--R1 is a Knight check at Knights while the other Ituight
White's Q7. But the Black Queen checks and mates.
covers White's Q7. So Lloyd 3. Often, a sacrifice is needed to
offers his Queen to clear the road remove a defender of the
for his Knight. square on which the mate
QxB! occurs.
1. QxQ
4. Altemately, a sacrifice can
Otherwise White has won a force your opponent to block
Bishop.
an escape square when he
2. N-Q7ch K-Rl must capture the sacrfficed L--
3. N-86 dis ch N-Rft piece. ]l-l*1 |

Black had no other move. His
King could not return to Nl.
Now White can mate, his two
Knights working in harmony. One
will check and mate while the
other cuts oft escape squares.
4. N-N6 mate
DIAGRAAA I87
The final position illustrates
the characteristics of a mate with
two Ituights.
But some saamples are needed
to clarify these ideas.
DIAGRAM I88
ANALYSIS
White is mated. Note how all
possible escape squares are under
Black's control. The Black King
controls White's KB1 and KB2.
The crisscross eftect of the Black
Ifuights prohibits White's escape
to K2, Q1, or Q2. Thus, one
1- _\
KE
DIAGRAM I89
Fh
Black Fermits TVhite to Mate
rhe
in Two Moves
Tb
rhe
ANALYSIS
[De
Note the word "permits.-
White would mate by 1.
:
N-B3ch, K-RS?; 2. N-N3
mate. But Black can avoid the
mate by playing 1. . . . . K-R6.
There is no way in which Kine
and two Knights can mate a lone
King unless that King deliber-
ately moves into a corner square.
Thus, the defense against such a
mate when you have a lone Kiog
is to avoid the corner squares!
-{NALYSIS (Diagram 190)
This position leads to the mate
shown in Diagram 188. Nore
that Black's King has no moves.
That means the Black Knight u'ill
 Mate with Two Knights

. Tbe enemy King lacks escape Knight prevents escape while the
sguares. other Knight checks (- mates)
, Tr,o squares near the King and also controls one possible
are usually held by one of the escaPe square.
Knighl5 while the other Ifuight
checks and mates.
. Often, a sacrffice is needed to
FEmove a defender of the
squre on which the mate
(rccurs.
" Alternately, a sacrifice can DIAGRAM I9O
force )'our opponent to block
TVhite Mates in Two Moves
m escape square when he
Errlst capture the sacrfficed
have to move in reply to White's
rece. first move.Suppose the Black
B,u some examples are needed Knight weren't on its Q2. On
l darify these ideas. DIAGRAM I89
what squares should your Knights
Black Fermits White to Mate then be placed to force mate?
in Two Moves
The only hint you need is that
ANALYSIS
the White Knight at QB6 re-
mains where it is.
Note the word "peflrtits."
White would mate by 1. 1.
2. mate
N-B3ch, K-RS?; 2. N-N3
mate. But Black can avoid the
mate by playing 1. . . . . K-R6.
There is no way in which King
and two Knights can mate a lone
King unless that King deliber-
ately moves into a corner square.
DIAGRAIA 188
Thus, the defense against such a
\ITALYSIs mate when you have a lone King
Slhite is mated. Note how all is to avoid the corner squares!
mible escape squares are under
ANALYSIS (Diagram 190)
hfs control The Black King
iltrols White's KBl and KB2. This position leads to the mate
th, cdsscross effect of the Black shown in Diagram 188. Note
fnEhts prohibits White's escape that Black's King has no moves. DIAGRAM I9I
o K2" Ql, or Q2. Thus, one That means the Black Knight will Black Mates in Two Moves
 It4 Checkmate! Lfr
ANALYSIS White can force Black into zug-
l

Positions often occur in which z\Nang.

a King at Rl cannot move be- T
cause its escape is blocked by an 3. K-N1!
enemy Knight at its R3-as is
here illustrated. To add to
White's woes, his pinned Rook at
This is an example of a wait-
ing move. The King's task was to
t
prevent a Black escape to N2.
N2 blocks escape to that square.
Thus, all Black needs is a check
The square can be controlled n
from N1 as well as from B2. The
by his second Knight! position has been altered by the W
1.
DIAGRAM I92
waiting move but has not really
) mate been changed.
TVhite Mates in Four Moves H
3..... AnyBishopMove
King cannot move. White can -{\-{
IO KNOW
TERA,IS
mate if the Knight at R8 could For Black is in ZUGZWANG!
Woiting moye-A move thot does He must move. Only his Bishop T:
reach a square where it can check .-;,L
not olter your position ot q time can move. He loses on any move
when oll of your opponent's without being captured. It could \[;re
pieces must remoin where they take 9 moves to reach QNl, as- he makes with it.
ore lo meet your threols. Ex- suming the Knight would not be 3. B-N4; 4. NX B \tik-h
omples of woiting moves ore ci captured en route by Black's -ifmate T^L:.
l- \-,U:
King move lo o squore where it Bishop. Examine this Knight tour
still does whotever it could hove if 3. . . . . B-N2 or B-81; t"oLi,
done on its previous SeUor€; o on the board after setting up the - 4.NXPmate heren
Rook move olong its ronk or fite; position. N-B7; N-{6; N-
Prmc]
o Bishop move olong its diog- K8; N-N7; N-R5; N-N3; Endgame positions in which
Rrmsi
onol. N-Bl; N-Q2; N-Nl mate. an opponent's King has no es- rlr Pr
Zugzwong-A term from the Ger- Another route is N-N6; N-B4; cape squares are common, and
mon, best trqnsloted os ,'q dis- -:-:1 l.'-
:liilrr

ogreeoble need to move.', Zug-
zwqng occurs when qll your
pieces ore needed on the
squores they occupy. The move-
ment of ony one of them wilt
l resuh in your losing mqteriot or
being moted.
i'
1,r
l.
H
Diagram 192 is an instructive
introduction to both the waiting
move and zugzvtang. Black,s
N-R5; N-N3; N-tsl; N-
Q2; N-Nl. But why bother
with such a laborious effort when
there is an easier win through a
check (and mate) at either QB4
OT QN5?
P-K4
B-R:I
Black could have reversed the
order of his first two moves. Now
mates with two Knights can then
or us
occur when the opponent cannot
fi,.'es i
defend the square on which one
Knight mates while the other cuts
off escape squares. But in man)'
L\:.
Krr:
inore cases the mate requires a
t
sacrifice that removes a defender
ias in the Sam Lloyd game rhat :.
cpened this chapter) or forces
:.1e opponent to occupy the onlv
aveilable escape square with one
of his own pieces.
 Mate with Two Knights 115

White can force Black into zug-

zwang.

3. K-N1!
This is an example of a wait-
ing move. The King's task was to
prevent a Black escape to N2.
The square can be controlled
from NL as well as from B2. The
position has been altered by the
waiting move but has not reallY
DIAGRAM I92 DIAGRAM 193
been changed.
Wffie tlates in Four Moves Black Mates in Two MoYes
3..... AnyBishopMove
trg can-not move. White can ANALYSIS
Ee if the Knight at R8 could For Black is in ZUGZWANG!
The Russians call the mate
d a sqwre where it can check He must move. Only his Bishop
with two Knights the Tchigorin
fuut It can move. He loses on any move
being captured. could Mate, honoring their strongest
kc 9 moves to reach QNl, as- he makes with it.
nineteenth-century grandmaster,
nnimg the Knight would not be 3. B-N4; 4. NX B Mikhail Ivanovich Tchigorin.
rcd en route by Black's -ifmate Tchigorin stressed original at-
r@. Eramine this Knight tour if 3. . . . . B-N2 or B-B1; tacking ideas as opposed to ad-
t the board after setting up the - 4.N X Pmate herence to so-called scientific
dtiso- N-B7; N{6; N- principles. He edited an early
h N-N7; N-R5; N-N3; Endgame positions in which Russian chess magazine in which
N-Q2; N-Nl mate. an opponent's King has no es- he presented composed positions
-81;
ffier route is N-N6; N-B4; cape squares are common, and similar to this one to clarify ways
-R5; N-N3; N-ts1; N- mates with two Knights can then of using sacrifices. Black sacri-
b, )i-Nl. But why bother occur when the opponent canaot fices his Queen to force White to
Ith soch a laborious efiort when defend the square on which one occupy the escape square at his
*re is an easier win through a Knight mates while the other cuts KN2, after which Black's two
nk (ard mate) at either QB4 off escape squares. But in many Knights mate.
: QN5? more cases the mate requires a
sacrifice that removes a defender
l. \--B7 P-K4 (as in the Sam Lloyd game that 2.
z N{6 B-R:t opened this chapter) or forces
the opponent to occupy the only
Hack could have reversed the available escape square with one
& of his first two moves. Now of his own pieces.
tt6 Checkmate!
9..... KXQ
such as the ones made by Black
in this tournament game early in And now, with the White
this century. Bishops controlling possible es-
cape squares, the Knights go to
White BIack
HAYNES
work to force mate in three
SEGUTN
moves.
London,1905
P_K4
P-Q3
Philidor's Defense, rurely
played today because it gives
DIAGRA,VI I94
Black a cramped position. But in
POWELL BLACKBT'RNE this game Black tries to turn it
-
Norwich,1871
into a gambit in hopes of an
Black lWates in Three Moves early counterattack on the K-
side.
ANALYSIS
Positions like the ones com- 3. B-84 P-I(B4?
posed by Tchigorin really occur! Black hopes White will play 4. DIAGRAM I95
In this game the English master P X P, when 4..... BX P White Mates in Three Moves
known as "The Black Death" be- grves Black some counterplay.
cause he won so often with the But White continues to develop. ANALYSIS
Black pieces (and because of his
name- Black * Bum) demon- 4. P-Q4 N-KB3 The final position, and the
strated that the Bishop sacrifice 5. N-83 PXQP game as a whole, is of the trpe
he had made to open up the 6. QXP B-Q2? players love to show to th=i;
White King position was sound. friends. Black's King can mLr'.'J
Another weak move. 6. . . . . only to K4. Once there it can b'e
He can now give up his Queen rf : _

after forcing the White King to

N-83 was better, gaining time forced to its K5, where it will b,=
the square where it will be mated
by driving the White Queen mated by the combined action of
-t _1.:

by the two Black Knights!

away from its strong center the White Knights and the re- z"i;
square. straining influence of the \\tire -:.__-r
1. a a oa
Bishops. It's the Knights who Cu-
2. 7. N_KNs N-83 l
8. B-B7ch K-K2 all the work as they complet:
3. mate '-!
the mating attack that began u'i:h '
9. Q X Nch!
Sometimes mate with two
-L
the Queen sacrffice! F-:

Knights can occur on the open This spectacular Queen sacri- 1.

board, and even in the opening. fice is justified by Black's blocked
2. L.,::
But the losing player must make position. If Black now plays 9. 3. mate L--
r
-l-rIE
a few mistakes along the way- o . . . P X Q; 10. N--Q5 mate!
 Mate with Two Knights lI7
9..... KxQ Keeping Out of the Club
h as the ones made by Black
hfo tournament game early in And now, with the White Suppose you had the oppor-
cEtury. Bishops controlling possible es- tunity to join a club whose
cape squares, the Knights go to membership was restricted to
n-ffie Black
work to force mate in three international masters and grand-
SEGL}I HAYNES
moves. masters. Wouldn't you be anxious
London,1905
to be in such a select group? Vera
L P-K4 P_K4 Menchik, the world's best woman
!- N-K[B P-Q3 player in the 1920s and 1930s,
fHlidor's Defense, rarely unwittingly organized such a
it club, and was herself the only
Fd today because gives
player in the tournament world
ct a cramped position. But in
i Szme Black tries to tum it who could never become a mem-
r a gambit in hopes of an ber. Miss Menchik was from
ly counterattack on the K- time to time invited to compete
f
E
in didn't
a major tournament. She
win any of them, and often fin-
1.TB4 P-I(B4? ished in the cellar. But at each

frk hopes White will play 4. DIAGRAM I95 event she managed to win or
draw against a few of her male
X P, when 4..... B X P White IVIates in Three Moves
opponents-some of them the
!t tslack some counterPlay. best-known names in the chess
t White continues to develop. AI\ALYSIS
world. After a few such tourna-
r ?{4 N_KB3 The final position, and the ments, when one of her oppo-
[ !s-B3 PXQP game as a whole, is of the tyPe
players love to show to their
nents had joined the list of mas-
IQXP B-Q2? ters she had beaten, he was
friends. Black's King can move greeted with the joke: "I hear
lmher weak move. 6. . . . . only to K4. Once there it can be you've joined the Menchik Club!'
-El was better, gaining time forced to its K5, where it will be The joke spread, and the grand-
. driving the White Queen mated by the combined action of masters became determined to
rf from its strong center the White Knights and the re- avoid membership "this year or
lE straining ffiuence of the White any yeat."
Bishops. It's the Knights who do
7.hr-KNs N-83 all the work as they complete
Miss Menchik was invited to
L B-B7ch K-K2 the mating attack that began with
play in the strongest tournament
,. Q X Nch!
the Queen sacrifice!
of. 1929, played at Carlsbad. She
added four new members to the
Ihils spectacular Queen sacri- 1. club, and was prevented from
r ir justifed by Black's blocked 2. making it double that number by
itiro- If Black now plays 9. 3. mate her tendency to blunder in time
. . P X Q; 10. N-Q5 mate!
118 Checkmate!
trouble. Akiba Rubinstein, then
at his peak, played her in one
of the final rounds. He was deter-
mined to decline membership,
and played sharply to reach a
position where Miss Menchik
permitted him to mate her with
two Knights.
DIAGRANT 196
Black Mates in Two Movs
ANALYSIS
Rubinstein, a Pawn ahead, had
penetrated the White position
with his Knights. Now he played
1. . . . . Q-KSch. Miss Menchik
mrght have played on for a few
moves with 2. N-B3, Q X Nch;
3. K-R2, Q X Pch; 4. K-Rl,
O X P mate. But, tired after a
long game and seeing she was
lost, she played:
2. Ir.-R2
This, of course, pemitted an
immediate mate by:
2...r. mate
To mate with two Knights you that the White Bishop prevents
must be able to visualize the final P-N6.ffaWhiteRock
position. The enemy King must could only check on the third
lack escape squares, one Knight rank. .. !
cutting them off while the other
checks and mates (sometimes cut-
ting off another escape square at 3. mate
the same time). Sacrifices are
often needed to remove a de-
fender or to force an enemy piece
to occupy an escape square. Most -
of the positions that follow illus-
trate such sacrifices, and also
show how a square can be va-
cated for a Knight when the
piece on that square can attack
the King. tr
f;
E
I-:
h
DIAGRA.M I98
\r
MACZYNSKI PRATTEN
- t';
Portsmouth,1948
d,
Black Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
Here again the attack begins
with a Queen sacrifice, needed
to permit the first of three Knigft
DIAGRAM I97
moves that lead to mate. The
White Mates in Ihree Moves key to the mate is the assistan;:
of the Black Bishop at its fG5.
ANALYSIS where it prevents the escape ci
The Black King would be the White King to its 1<2 cr
mated if White could play N-82 KN2.
without fearing its capture. The 1. . . . .
battery of White Rooks can force
Black's Rook into inactivity be-
cause of a pair of pins. Note 4. mate

To mate with two Knights You
Nt b€ able to visualize the final
sition. The enemY King must
* escape squares, one Knight
t*ng them oft while the other
Ects and mates (sometimes cut-
ry oft another escaPe square at
E sarne time). Sacrifices are
ha needed to remove a de-
der or to force an enemy Piece
rGup! an escape square. Most
I fu positions that follow illus-
tte zuch sacrffices, and also
w how a square can be va-
Ed for a Knight when the
bee on that square can attack
c Xing
DIAGRAAA I97
WLite llates in Ihree Moves
lf{LY$S
The Black King would be
!trd if White could PlaY N-B2
fitout fearing its caPture. The
Gy of White Rooks can force
Hs Rook into inactivitY be-
use of a Pair of Pins. Note
Mate with Two Knights 119
that the White Bishop Prevents
P-N6. If a White Rook
could only check on the thirfl
rank. . . !
3. mate
-
DIAGRAM I99
White llflates in Three Moves
ANALY$S
Again a Queen sacrifice, this
time to vacate a square needed
for the final Knight check and
mate. Black's King, blocked by
its own pieces, has just moved
from Kl to Ql. Suppose the
DIAGRAM I98
White Queen were not on the
MACZYNSKI PRATTEN board, and that the Black posi-
-
Portsmouth,1948
tion were unchanged. How would
Black Mates in Four Moves you then place your Knights to
force mate?
ANALYSIS
Here again the attack begins
with a Queen sacrifice, needed 3. mate
to permit the frst of three Ifuight
moves that lead to mate. The
key to the mate is the assistance
of the B1ack BishoP at its KB6, -
where it prevents the escape of
the White King to its K2 or
KN2.
1. ....
mate
120 Clrcckmate!

t
C

t
f
JLI

I
h
E

C
b
DIAGRAM 2OO DIAGRAM 2OI
DIAGRAM 202 tr
wArLA ICVI White Mates in Four Moves R. BYRNE L. SZABO
-
Finland,1949 -
White Mates in Three Moves
Spain,1975 !
ANALYSIS TVhite Resigned
Remember that the mate by after Three MoYes. Yl/hy? E
ANALYSIS
two Knights is easiest to achieve n
After a Bishop sacrifice at when the enemy King is on its It is important to sense wher c-
KB7, White's Queen and Knight corner square. How can White an opponent's King can be
forced the Black King to its force the Black King to its Rl? mated. Black's pieces have lefr
KR4, where its only remaining Once this occurs, you have time the White King without escape
escape square is its KR5. No to move your Knights to their squares. Thus, a check can be
wonder the position is ripe for a mating position. First cut off mate. Observe how that check is
mate by two Knights that begins possible moves by the Black King forced!
with a Queen sacrifice to free and then bring the other Knight
White's KB3 square while re- to the mating square. All Black
1. .. .. N-B5
moving the Black Bishop. The will be able to do is to advance The Ifuight threatens mate ai
mate depends on the White his Pawn while awaiting the Black?s QN7. But the real valu:
Bishop's control of its diagonal. mate! of the move is that conrrols it
White's K3 and releases the other
1.
Black Kdght for the final mating
2.
move.
mate 3.
4. mate 2. R-Nl P-K4
This time the threat is 3. . . , .
P-K5 mate.
3.PXP P-84 A
Now White's King cannot es-
cape to its Q4. White resigned
because he could not prevent the

DIAGRAM 2OI
Shite llates in Four Moves
Itrf{LYSIS
Remember that the mate by
m Knights is easiest to achieve
r^ the enemy King is on its
mer square. How can White
hce the Black King to its Rl?
Dlrc€ this sssurs, you have time
D mor e _vour Knights to their
oatirg position. First cut off
pcstle moves by the Black King
md then bring the other Knight
b the nnatin-e square. All Black
mll be able to do is to advance
hfo Pas:n while awaiting the
DEIC:
4" mate
DIAGRAM 202
R. BYRNE _L. SZABO
Spain,1975
White Resigned
after Three Moves. Yl/hy?
It is important to sense when
an opponent's King can be
mated. Black's pieces have left
the White King without escape
squares. Thus, a check can be
mate. Observe how that check is
forced!
1..... N-85
The lfuight threatens mate at
Black's QN7. But the real value
of the move is that it controls
White's K3 and releases the other
Black Knight for the final mating
move.
2. R-Nl P-K4
This time the threat is 3. . . . .
P-K5 mate.
3.PXP P-84
Now White's King cannot es-
cape to its Q4. White resigned
because he could not prevent the
Mate with Two Knights 121
mate by (either) N X P. AII he
can do is delay itby 4. R-N7ch,
K-K3; 5. R-K7ch, K X R;
6. ANIY MOVE, either NX P
mate.
What made this mate possible?
To begin with, the Black Rook
held the seventh rank to prevent
escape by the White King to its
Q2 or K2. Had White tried to
block that Rook by B-K2, it
would have meant nothing be-
cause the Black Knight still held
White's Q2 square. But the key
to the mate is the ability of two
Ifuights to control escape squares
(White's Q2 and K3) while steps
are taken to open another square
for the final mate.
DIAGRAM 203
HORVATH BPERJESI
-
Hungary,1971
White Mates in Four Moves
ANALYS$
Our examination of mate by
two Knights closes with an illus-
tration of the use of a battsry
122 Checkmate!

to remove a defender while leav- cut off escaPe squares while

ing a possible escape square oc- the other Knight attacks the
enemy King.
cupied by an enemy Piece. White
begins with a planned sacrifice 2. Tf. your opponent has one
of Queen and Rook to clear the cape square Your Knights
KN file and force Black's Knight cannot control, consider the
to move. Then the two Knights possibility of a sacrifice that
force mate! forces an enemy Piece to oc-
1. QXFch! RXQ cupy that square.
2. RXRch NXR 3. Remember that King and two
Knights cannot mate a lone
And the mate is there! King. Thus, do not caPture
your opponent's last Pawn if
4. mate you see a way to immobilize
his King on a corner square
REMEMBER! and mate with your Knights
- with two Knights can
1. Mate before that Pawn Queens in
occur when one Knight can time to prevent the mate.
CHAPTER 1 1
es-
Mate with Two Bisho
Inexperienced players often rb
make the error of trying to win de
a game quickly by a series of g
sacrifices whose only goal is to at
expose the enemy King. They Eli
then find themselves unable to
complete the attack because they
no longer have enough material
to mount sufficient pressure
against the opponent's defense.
Sometimes an opponent meeting
such an attack wastes tims, failq
to defend, or makes the mistake
of placing his King on an exposed
square where mate is easqr
Pt
forced. A hundred years ago gl
players considered attack impera-
fif
tive from the first move on Mau.v
cfo
of them, including some masters Je
played an opening called the
Jerome Gambit. It is so unsound
that it has disappeared from chess
theory and practic+-even
though some beginners still u-
tempt it. It made its last impo- ES
tant appearance in 1880, when [o
123
 cut off escaPe squares while
me other Knight attacks the
enemv King.
2. It \;our oPponent has one es-
cape square Your Knights
can-not control, consider the
possibilitY of a sacrifice that
f -rces an enemy Piece to oc-
cupl,' that square.
3- Rernember that King and two
l''rjshts cannot mate a lone
K:::r. Thus, do not caPture
]-:'rr oPponent's last Pawn if
r:u see a way to immobilize
Lls King on a corner square
ar-i mate with Your Knights
b;f,.re that Pawn Queens in
rLEe to prevent the mate.
CHAPTER 11
Mate with Two Bishops
Inexperienced players often the British master Blackburne
make the error of trying to win demonstrated how to crush the
a game quickly by a series of gambit with a counterattack that
sacrifices whose only goal is to also illustrated a mate with two
expose the enemy King. They Bishops.
then find themselves unable to
White Black
complete the attack because they
no longer have enough material GR.EEN BLACKBURNE
London,1880
to mount sufficient pressure
against the opponent's defense. 1. P_K4 P-K4
Sometimes an opponent meeting 2. N-KB3 N-QBS
such an attack wastes time, fails 3. B-84 B-84
to defend, or makes the mistake 4. B X Pch?
of placing his King on an exposed White is ready to sacrffice two
square where mate is easily pieces to attack the Black King
forced. A hundred years ago with his Queen. White's fourth,
players considered attack impera- fifth, and sixth moves are the
tive from the first move on. Many characteristic "attack" of the
of them, including some masters, Jerome Gambit.
played an opening called the
Jerome Gambit. It is so unsound 4..... KXB
that it has disappeared from chess 5. NXPch NXN
theory and practice-€ven 6. Q-RSch P-KN3!
though some beginners still at- Before this game Black had
tempt it. It made its last impor- usually played 6. . . . . K-K3
tant appearance in 1880, when to hold the two.piece advantage.
123
124 Checkmate! l'I
White then has a few attacking 12. .... B-KB4! .t\
moves left that can win against The Bishop move uncovers an
any but the best play by Black. attack on the White Queen. Its sq"u
But Blackburne had calculated a only move is: pia
win by returning a piece and then ziJ
permitting White to capture a 13. QXR Bis
Rook. And now Black mates in two ts-
7. QXN P-Q3 moves-with his Bishops! Bii
8. QXR Q-Rs r{J

9. 0-0 li)ii4.

Di.:
DIAGRAAA 206
r3:r
*-;-l
ANA.LYSIS
I
The basic characteristics of ani'
l,-r-d.
mate are evident again. The Black 2r
King has no escape squares. The
White King controls Black's R2 t. '

and N2. One Bishop prevents es- I

cape to Black's Nl while the

other Bishop checks and mates.
DIAGRAM 205 Such a mate by two Bishops re-
quires open diagonals. White's
DIAGRAM 204
L3. .. .. Q X Pch! previous play had to include 2.

What has White achieved by L4.P XQ BXPnnate efiorts to open the long diagonals.
his attack? He has a Rook and Blackburne's play in this game
two Pawns for his Bishop, but was a final nail in the coffin that
is now subjected to an attack holds the dead Jerome Gambit.
that succeeds because Black can His victory depended on his un-
immobilize and later attack the derstanding of the power of two
White Queen. Bishops to mate when they con-
g. .... N_83 trol a pair of adjacent diagonals.
10. P-83 N-Ns The final position, in which an-
other piece aids the Bishops by
Suddenly Black threatens mate
controlling one square adjacent
byQ X P!
to the enemy King, is called the
11. P-KR3 BXPch Blackburne Mate. The position
12. K-Rl of the Bishops at the end of this
It12. R X B, Q X Rch;13. game illustrate one of the two
K-Rl, Q-B8 mate. ways a pair of Bishops can mate. DIAGRAM 207
 Mate with Two Bishops 125

n. .... B-KB4! ANALYSIS

fhe Bishop move uncovers an This time the King's adjacent
xk cn the White Queeq. Its squares are blocked by its own
:" nnC'r'3 iS: pieces, and the White Bishops
attack from two directions. One
13. QXR Bishop prevents escape to Black's
lrrd :loiv Black mates in two KN2 or KB1 while the other
n ss--ri'ith his Bishops! Bishop checks, prevents escape
to Black's KB2, and therefore
mates. The typical positions of
Diagrams 206 and 207 are tbe
most common ways of mating
ANALYSIS with two Bishops.
There are therefore two goals
The basic characteristics of any that, once achieved, can lead to
mate are evident again. The Black
a mate with two Bishops.
King has no escape squares. The
White King controls Black's R2 1. With the enemy King lacking
and N2. One Bishop prevents es- escape squares except those
cape to Black's N1 while the that can be controlled by your
other Bishop checks and mates. Bishops, find ways to open the
DIAGRAM 2O5 Such a mate by two Bishops re- diagonals leading to the King
quires open diagonals. White's position.
t3. . QXPch! previous play had to include 2. Get one Bishop to a square
tr4- .Q BXPmate efforts to open the long diagonals. where it
cuts off possible es-
cape squares on one diagonal
Bla;Lburne's play in this game
6 s ilal nail in the coffin that
and the other Bishop to a

trds :he dead Jerome Gambit.

diagonal where it checks and
mates.
s tic:..r-,- depended on his un-
rsarii:g of the power of two
sh,cp to mate when theY con-
r[ a r:ir of adjacent diagonals.
rc f:li position, in which an-
kr piece aids the Bishops by
6;'siling one square adjacent
the enemy King, is called the
rckburne Mate. The position
the Br-shops at the end of this
rre illustrate one of the two
cls a pair of Bishops can mate. DIAGRAM 207
126 Checkmate!

DIAGRAM 208 DIAGRAM 209

DTAGRAM 2IO
ANDERSSEN SCHALLOP
BOLBOCHAN PACHMAN
-
Berlin,1864 G. KOLTANOWSKT _
-
Moscow,1956 SIR HUGH WALPOLE
White Mates in Two Moves
White Mated in Two Moves
Keswick, England, 1936 -{'
ANALYSIS White Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
Mates with two Bishops re- After sacrificing two Pawns, A,NALYSIS
tr:
quire open diagonals. In this White controls the center of the LL"

board, where his Bishops are

game Black had played P-K3
and P-KN3, creating holes in
his position. Once White had
played B-KR6 to gain control
of Black's KN2 and KBL, he was
able to plan the Queen sacrifice
that now forces a mate similar
to that shown in Diagram 207.
How does this sacrifice lead to
mate?
1.
2. mate
The Blackburne Mate, with Ic:
a Knight controlling a possible
poised for attack. Black's King fc
escape square, often results from K:
has no escape squares and a sup-
a Queen sacrifice that brings the
ported check at White's KB7
enemy King into the open. A
TL
would be mate. Anderssen there- f ,-[
Bishop then checls and mates
fore played 1.. a X Pch! and
when the second Bishop controls
Black was lost. He could have
given up material by some such
a key diagonal-as the \Vhite
Bishop on QB2 does in this posi-
line as 1. N-K4; 2. tion. Assume Black accepts the
O X Nch, B-K3; 3. B X B, sacrifice.
P X B; 4. Q X Pch, Q-K2;
5. Q X Q mate. Instead, he per- 1.
2. mate
Bi
mitted his opponent to have his
c-r :
brilliant finish and played 1-... .. 1 1r_]
N X Q, on which White mated S=ri.
at once.
-l

2. mate ECI

- Ljj

CE

DIAGRAM 209
&\DERSSEN SCIIALLOP
-
Berlin,1864
iBe llated in Two Moves
ALYSN
\fter sacrificing two Pawns,
ile conrrols the center of the
Ed, s-here his Bishops ate
rcd for attack. Black's King
u) escaPe squares and a sup-
Ed :heck at White's KB7
ild be mate. Anderssen there-
r play ed 1. a X Pch! and
*. m.es lost. He could have
n qp material by some such
as 1. N-K4; 2.
Y. \,-b. B-K3; 3. B X B,
( B; 4. O X Pch, Q-K2;
) X Q mate. Instead, he per-
tcd bJs opponent to have his
Emt frnish and played I-.. ...
{ Q, on which White mated
re.
mate
DIAGMM 2IO
G. KOLTANOWSKI
SIR HUGH WALPOLE
-
Keswick, England, 1936
White Mates in I\wo Moves
ANALYSIS
The Blackbume Mate, with
a Knight controlling a possible
escape square, often results from
a Queen sacrifice that brings the
enemy King into the open. A
Bishop then checks and mates
when the second Bishop controls
a key diagonal-as the White
Bishop on QB2 does in this posi-
tion. Assume Black accepts the
sacrifice.
)
1.
mate
Mate with Two Bishops 727
DIAGRAM 2II
Black IVIates in Four Moves
ANALYS$
Mate by two Bishops some-
times depends on forcing a King
to a corner square. Then, if the
long diagonals are open, mate
follows. In this position White's
King cannot leave its first rank.
The sweep of Black's Bishop pair
forces that King to its Rl where
it :s mated.
1. aaaa
2.
,.
4. mate
The threat of mate by two
Bishops once the long diagonals
are opened often justifies a sacri-
flce if two conditions exist. The
sacrifice includes a mate threat
(or the gain of material) if it is
not accepted. And if it is ac-
cepted (as it must be to avoid the
new threat), the opening of diag-
onals permits a Blackbume Mate
or some other mate by the two
128 Checkmate!
Bishops. Diagram 212 ilhtstrates
a common form of the Black-
burne Mate following a Queen
sacrifice that must be accepted
because it threatens a new mate
itself.
DIAGRAM 212
BIRD BROWN
-
London,1872
Vlhite Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
Four White pieces bear down
on Black's King position, made
vulnerable by the holes at KB3
and KR3. White sees that mate
is possible after 1. Q X P, for
there are then two threats:
a. If-Blackplays 1. . . . . P X Q;
2. B-R7 mate (Blackburne
Mate).
b. If. Black does not take the
Queen, it will mate on R7
(supported by the Knight) or
on R8 (supported by
Bishop). Thus, if 1.
BXN(toprevent2Q-R7
mate); 2. Q-R8 mate. And
1. . . A}.IY MOVE TO
BLOCK THE DIAGONAL
OF THE WHITE BISHOP
AT QN2; 2. Q-R7 mate.
In the actual game, Black
played 1. . . . . P X Q andWhite
mated by 2.8-R7 mate. Black
could have delayed the mate by
one move with 1 . N-R3;
2. Q X N and then mate on the
next move.
DIAGRAM 2I3
Black Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
Mate with two Bishops re-
quires open diagonals. In this
position Black's Bishops dom-
inate the board but do not yet
attack the White King. But the
Blackburne Mate would be pos-
sible if the Pawn at White's KN2
were gone. It must be removed
a at once, for White threatens
moves like B X Pch and then
P-85 dis ch with a dangerous
if attack. Black therefore selec:s
his most forcing move.-a Queen
sacrffice that is followed bi- a
Blackbume Mate.
1.
2.
3. mate
Mate with two Bishops re-
quires control of escape squar3D
along adjacent or intersectin.e Ci-
agonals. The positions that follcw
illustrate some of the steps thal
can lead to such control Scme-
times you can mate with ts-J
Bishops by simply taking adr-a:-
tage of the opportunity to occupi-
open diagonals. At other 'imgs
you must consider sacrifices io
open a King position (and rie
diagonals leading to it) or rou_<i
make sacrifices that give you ti:ne
to bring a Bishop to a more efa-
tive square.
DIAGRAM 2I4
White Mates in Six Moves

rc): 2. Q-R8 mate. And if
AI.IY MOVE TO
K THE DIAGONAL
F THE WHITE BISHOP
f QN2; 2. Q-R7 mate.
the acrual game, Black
d 1.. .. . P X Q andWhite
f B' 2. B-R7 mate. Black
I have delayed the mate by
novewithl .N-R3;
){ \ and then mate on the
rlLrle.
DIAGRAIY{ 213
d lIates in Three Moves
\LYflS
@ q-rth two Bishops re-
r qlen diagonals. In this
in Black's Bishops dom-
r tbe b,oard but do not Yet
t the \\hite King. But the
ttxrree \lrte would be Pos-
il d:e Pawn at White's KN2
: gone. It must be removed
xre. for White threatens
es nite B X Pch and then
85 Cis ch with a dangerous
Mate withTwo Bishops 129
attack. Black therefore selects ANALYSIS
his most forcing move-a Queen This is a simple proof that you
sacrifice that is followed by a understand the power of two
Blackburne Mate. Bishops on adjacent diagonals.
1. .... One Bishop will hold the Black
King in the comer while the
mate other will sweep away the Pawns
on the way to mate.
Mate with two Bishops re-
quires control of escape squares
along adjacent or intersecting di-
agonals. The positions that follow
illustrate some of the steps that
can lead to such control. Some-
times you can mate with two
Bishops by simply taking advan-
tage of the opportunity to occupy
open diagonals. At other t:mes
you must consider sacrifices to
open a King position (and the
diagonals leading to it) or must
make sacrifices that give you time
to bring a Bishop to a more effec-
tive square.
DIAGRAM 2I5
White Mates in Ttwo Moves
ANALYSIS
Edgar Colle was one of that
group of masters in the 1920s
and 1930s who added new ideas
to chess in their search for fresh
approaches to such goals as the
control of the center. The Colle
DIAGRAM 2I4 System, an opening, was named
White Mates in Six Moves after him. In it, as in his analysis
130 Checkmate! Mate v,

of master games, he tried to show Queen sacrifice that leads to a 1..... Qxpt Is Tlrcr
that new twists can enrich old mate by his Bishops. The Queen 2.EXFch K-81
ideas. This position is based on sacri-flce is needed to open a 3. N(1)-83 It s*
his brilliant win in Berlin, 1926, long diagonal, after which the that hai
For3.PXOpermits3. of its ee
over Ernst Gri.infeld, another Blackburne Mate becomes ob- . . B-R7 mate. How does
chess innovator (originator of vious. of Ind.:
Black win now?
the Griinfeld Defense). Colle's Europe
1. aaaa
3.
analysis suggested a line of play duced a
2.
in which he would have sacrificed 4. who b=-^
3. mate 5.
his Queen to gain time to get his mate Never.
Knight to KB5, from which point centurr.
it threatened to force a Black- de Gal*:
burne Mate or a mate with two member
Knights. What move for White ity n h--

forces one of these two wins? chess. F

his tiJ;.
1.
tiorial -(:
2. mate
the har;
tinuous :
of cr:r-.!
wa)'. Of
chess au:
DIAGRAAA 2I7 DIAGRAM 2I8 speciahz;
FLOHR PITSCIITTK Black Mates in Three fofloves diffcuh :
-
Berlin,1930 from ra
Black Mates in Five Moves remecabe
ANAI,YSIS
himself
ANALYSIS Two sacrifices, one to free a plal-eC a
Black is ready for a Black- blocked Bishop and the either gian Iuai
opening a short diagonal for its himsei: ::
burne Mate, but must first clear
DIAGRAM 216 mating move, force mate in three attack --i
a path for his second Bishop. He
ANGER DR. TARRASCH moves. Look at Diagram 207 by trt; B;
does this by offering his Queen
-
Nuremberg,1891 before you decide how this posi-
to threaten two mzfss-
Black Mates in Three Moves tion can be transformed into a
Q-R7 if the Queen is not cap- basic mate by two Bishops. The
tured and . . . . B-R7 if it is
ANAI,YSIS Bishop at Black's KBl is the
taken. AII White can do is to
key!
Black has a choice of winning look for a check and then try
moves in this position, among interpositions on the long diag- 1. c. ..
them 1.. . .. B X Pand 1.... . onal. These moves delay but do 2._
N-N6ch. But he chooses a not prevent the mate. 3. mate

Queen sacriflce that leads to a
mate by his Bishops. The Queen
sacrifice is needed to open a
long diagonal, after which the
Blackburne Mate becomes ob-
rious.
1.
,)
J. mate
DIAGRAM 2I7
FLOHR PITSCHAK
-
Berlin,1930
Black Mates in Five Moves
A.\.{LYSIS
Black is ready for a Black-
burne Mate, but must first clear
a path for his second Bishop. He
does this by offering his Queen
to threaten two mates-
O-R7 if the Queen is not cap-
tured and . . . B-R7 if it is
taken. All White can do is to
I'ook for a check and then try
interpositions on the long diag-
onal. These moves delay but do
Dot prevent the mate.
Mate withTwo Bishops 131
L..... QXP! Is There a Chess Nobility?
2. B X Pch K-81
3. N(1)-B3
It seems strange that a game
that had its origins and much
For 3. P X O permits 3. of its early history in the courts
. B-R7 mate. How does of India, the Middle East, and
Black win now? Europe should never have pro-
3. aiaa duced a monarch or a nobleman
4. who became a leading player.
5. mate Never, that is, until our own
century. Today Alberic O'Kelly
de Galway of Belgium is the only
member of any country's nobil-
ity who is also a grandmaster at
chess. He may have inherited
his title, but his rise to interna-
tional status at chess was won
the hard wty, by study, con-
tinuous play, and a full portion
of crushing defeats along the
way. O'Kelly became a leading
chess author and journalist who
DIAGMM 218 specialized in the analysis of
Black Mates in Three Moves
dfficult and instructive positions
from master play. He probably
remembers the lesson he learned
ANAI,YSIS himself as ayouth when he
Two sacrifices, one to free a played a match against the Bel-
blocked Bishop and the other gian master Devos and found
opening a short diagonal for its himself the victim of a brilliant
mating move, force mate in three attack that culminated in mate
moves. Look at Diagram 207 by two Bishops.
before you decide how this posi-
tion can be transformed into a
basic mate by two Bishops. The
Bishop at Black's KBl is the
key!
1.
2.
3. mate
 Checkmate! \!c
Now the mate should be clear. REMEMBER! LI

Black can use his Knights to 1. The Bishops need open dia_e- i:
force the White King back to N1 onals to cut off escape squares 3.7
where it is mated by the Bishops. and to deliver the final check
4. aaaa
that mates the enemy King. C

5.
2. Sacrifices are often needed to X
6. clear a path for a Bishop or
7. mate

DIAGRAM 2I9
O'KELLy DEVOS
-
Brussels, 1937
Black Mates in Seven Moves

A,NALYSIS
Combinations seven moves
deep present no problem to a
master when there is only one
i
variation. Every White move in DIAGRAM 220
i
I'
!
I
this position is forced. Black ob- Whrte Mates in Tlvo Moves
serves that his Bishops can at- ANALYSIS
tack the White King once it has This final position demon-
I been forced into the open. A a mate by two BishoPs
strates
Queen sacrffice begins a joumey when a Rook supports the square
by the White King that finally on which the second Bishop
sends it back home to be mated!
mates. At first glance the White
L. . . .. Q X Pch! position seems weak. Black
2. KXQ N-N5ch threatens to exchange Rooks and
3. K-83 then to win by advancing his RP.
He also threatens to win a piece
This is forced, for if 3. K- by 1. P-85. But White
Nl, B-K( mates. can ignore these threats, for his
3....r P-KSCI Bishops can mate by attacking
first on the longest and then on
4.KXP the shortest diagonal!
For if 4. P X P, N(2)-K4 1.
mate! 2. mate
 Mate withTwo Bishops 133

Ii.-rw the mate should be clear.
Black can use his Knights to
torce the White King back to Nl
shere it is mated bY the BishoPs.
4 .aao
5 directions.
6
I mate
REMEMBER!
1. The Bishops need open diag-
onals to cut off escape squares
and to deliver the final check
that mates the enemy King.
2. Sacrifices are often needed to
clear a path for a Bishop or
to open the diagonal on which
it will mate.
3. The mate can occur when you
control two adjacent diag-
onals that bear on the enemy
King position from difterent

DIAGRAM 220
Itrhite Mates in Tlvo Moves
f\.TLYSIS
Th-i-' final position demon-
srai.s a mate bY two BishoPs
s-h:: a Rook suPPorts the square
m qhich the second BishoP
Euies. At first glance the White
posiion seems weak. Black
'thr:arens
to exchange Rooks and
then to win by advancing his RP.
He also threatens to win a Piece
q. 1. . . . . P-85. But White
car ienore these threats, for his
Bishops can mate bY attacking
first on the longest and then on
the shortest diagonal!
1.
) mate
 I

c?-'r
-n n-

CHAPTER 12 A-te
all
afrl
Mate with Two Rooks l.tl.Lt-;

lt -
'

:'ffr

Why the Russians Win
Chess Tournaments
Russian chess masters have
dominated the game since 1945.
Only Robert J. Fischer of the
United States has been able to
defeat them with any regularity.
The Russian teams have won
every Chess Olympiad they en-
tered-sometimes without losing
a single game in the long compe-
tition! In 1970 a match was held
between a Russian team and the
twelve best non-Russian players.
The Russians won by a point-
a victory somewhat clouded by
two blunders made by a Hungar-
ian grandmaster in winning posi-
tions. But the chess superiority
of the Russians remains clear. It
is the result of long years of de-
velopment at national expense.
Rising players in the Soviet
DTAGRAM 22I
GELLER DEBARNOT
-
Las Palmas,1976
White Mates in Three Moves
Union are coached by masters
ANALYSIS
and grandmasters whose jobs and
Black's King is exposed, for the
incomes are a reward for their
chess prowess. A Russian win- White Rooks bear down on it
ning an international tournament while Black's Queen is far away.
is treated Iike a hero-a national Geller's first move caused resi_e-
asset. His comfort is assured- nation, for the win is then obri-
so long as he continues to con- ous. It was less obvious that the
tribute to his country's reputa- first move would win so quickty!
tion as the chess center of the H
1. Q X Nch!
world. The chess masters are ex-
pected to study and write about If the Black King flees to Rl.
the game, and must keep up with then the battery of Queen and -{\,
both current theory and the Rook mate by 2. Q-B8ch, I
achievements of past and present R X Q; 3. R-88 mate. But srtrT
chess stars. Ewfim Geller, one of how does White win on 1. .... F[ay,
their leading players, won the in- RXQ? khirl
temational toumament at Las Ro"'l
Palmas, Canary Islands, n 1976. 2, sqpr
He showed his knowledge of the 3. mate O,-ret
gnmes of Paul Keres when he
The win becomes less surpris- I.
quickly won in a position similar
to one reached by Keres almost ing when you realize that a simi- l.
thirty years earlier! lar position was reached in a

134

a are coached by masters
Fmdmasters whose jobs and
Ecs are a reward for their
t prowess. A Russian win-
m international tournament
arcd like a hero-a national
- Ffis comfort is assured-
cg il he continues to con-
E to his country's reputa-
es the chess center of the
d- The chess masters are ex-
d to study and write about
Fe) and must keep up with
current theory and the
Fements of past and present
D stars. Eqfm Geller, one of
:lc*riing players, won the in-
fil]oal tournament at Las
ms, Canary Islands, n 1976.
fuwed his knowledge of the
es of Paul Keres when he
lly won in a position similar
re neached by Keres almost
y yF-ars earlier!
Mate with Two Rooks 135
game won by Paul Keres from
Alexander Alekhine in 1937.
Alekhine, world champion for
all but two years between 1927
and his death in 7946, had also
moved his Queen to QN5, where
it could play no part in the de-
fense of his King position.
DIAGRA'iA 22I
GELLER DEBARNOT
Las -Palmas, 1976
IYhite Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
Black's King is exposed, for the
White R.ooks bear down on it
while Black's Queen is far away.
Geller's first move caused resig-
nation, for the win is then obvi- DIAGRA/l 222
ous. It was less obvious that the
KERES
-
ALEKHINE
Margate,1937
first move would win so quickly!
TVhite Mates in Three Moves
1. Q X Nch!
If the Black King flees to Rl, ANALYSIS
then the battery of Queen and
Rook mate by 2. Q-B8ch, The win came with sudden and
R X Q; 3. R-B8 mate. But surprising eftectiveness. Keres
how does White win on tr. . . . o
played 1. O X Bch! and Ale-
RXQ? khine resigned. He must lose a
Rook and a Bishop or be mated.
, Suppose he takes the White
3. mate Queen:
The win becomes less surpris- 1. QXBch! RXQ
simi-
ing when you realtze that a 2.
lar position was reached in a 3. mate
136 Checkmate!
The wins by Keres and Geller
illustratc one of the ways to mate
with two Rooks. One Rook mates
while supported by the other on
a rank or a file. Diagram 223
shows the road to mate when a
King can be cut off from its es-
cape to the next rank by one
Rook while the second Rook
checks and mates.
DIAGRAIA 223
ANALYS$
White is mated. One Black
Rook prevents escape to White's
second rank while the other Rook
checks from a distance on White's
first rank and mates. This mate
occurs frequently, sometimes be-
cause an opponent has been cats-^
less and more often when a se-
ries of captures has cleared the
seventh rank of Pawns.
DIAGRAAA 224
(Based on a position first analped
bY P. Damiano n l5l2)
ANALYSIS
White mates in two moves. He
has the ideal position-two
Rooks that can occupy adjacent
flles. The problem is that the
KR file is not open. But a Queen
sacrffice can open it and force
the mate. Remember: one Rook
prevents escape while the other
checks and mates on the adja-
cent file.
2. mate
DIAGRAM 225
Black Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS f
The White King is trapped. It
cannot leave the KR and ICi ero
flles. If Black's King were not in BI
the way the Black Rooks could ctD
mate through their control of two ;
adjacent files. Black's task is to bm
find a route to a square where
his King no longer impedes the
combined action of his Rooks.
1.
2.
3. mate
The most common mate by
two Rooks occurs when they are
both on the seventh rank and the
enemy King is on its first rank
Diagrams 226 and 227 rllustrate
the types of positions that can
then lead to mate.
 Mate with Two Rooks 137

DTAGRAM 224 DIAGRAM 225 DIAGRAM 226

Bm€d on a position first analYzed
bv P. Damiaao in 1512)
Ef{LYSN
*tite mates in two moves. He
45 the ideal position-two
Lmks that can occupy adjacent
Lcs The problem is tbat the
(R file is not open. But a Queen
uffice can open it and force
b mate. Remember: one Rook
Ecf,sats escape while the other
tesks and mates on the adja-
sr fiIe.
Black Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
The White King is trapped. It
cannot leave the KR and KN
flles. If Black's King were not in
the way the Black Rooks could
mate through their control of two
adjacent files. Black's task is to
find a route to a square where
his King no longer impedes the
combined action of his Rooks.
1.
2.
aaaa
Tlhite Mates in Two Moves
ANA.LYSIS
The White Rook on the sev-
enth rank prevents escape to
Black's second rank. If White can
get his other Rook to the seventh
rank, then either Rook can mate
by checking on the eighth rank.
1.
2. mate

I 3. mate
) mate
The most common mate by
two Rooks occurs when they are
both on the seventh rank and the
enemy King is on its first rank.
Diagrams 226 and 227 ilTustrate
the types of positions that can
then lead to mate.

DIAGRAM 227
Black Mates in Three Moves
138 Checkmate!

ANALYSIS Rooks could mate in a manner 1. QXPch K-Rl o

similar to that of. Diagram 227. 2. Q-KSch B-83 sit
Two Rooks mate when one
3. NXB
cuts off escape squares while the What move forces the Black RXN ch
King to its R2? 4. QXR(6)ch K-N1
other checks. In this position CIE
5. Q-N7 mate
both Black Rooks are on the (or: 4. Q X R(8)ch, R-
same rank, where they suPPort
81; 5. Q(or R) X R mate
one another. Picture the Position
with the Black Rooks on the 4. mate But what happens on 1.
squares now occupied by White's RXQ?
KN and KR Pawns. rRi
1. aaal - 1. QXPch RXQ
2.
ilu
3. mate 3. mate Pe,
1:

)
DIAGRAM 229
ARONIN TCI{ECHOWER
-
Moscow,1948
White Plays 1. Q X Pch

ANALYSIS
DIAGRAM 228
Sometimes the support of an-
White Mates in Four Moves other piece makes the mate by DIAGRAT\^ 230 3_

two Rooks easier. The White Black Mates in Three Moves

ANALYSIS
Black threatens mate in one at
his KN7 (. . . . Q-N7 mate),
and White must make checking
moves to prevent Black's victory.
This means a first move that
forces a Black King move in
reply. If the Black King were
only at its KR2! Then the White
Knight in this position will sup-
port a Rook check at KN7 and
permit mate by another Rook at
KB8. But flrst something must be
done to get rid of one of Black's
Rooks. White played I-. O X
Pch and Black resigned. He could
have dragged the game on a few
moves by:
ANALYSIS
It is also possible for two
Rooks to mate when they are
not doubled (supporting one an-
other on the same rank or file).
White has three Pawns for a !
Knight and has reached a posi- frE(
tion where he threatens to are
 Mate with Two Rooks 139

R.ooks could mate in a manner 1. QXFch K-R1 Queen a Pawn. But Black can
similar to that of Diagram 227. 2. Q-KSch B-83 sacrifice his Knight and then
What move forces the Black 3. NXB RXN check first on a rank and then
King to its R2? 4. Q X R(6)ch K_N1. on a file to mate!
5. Q-N7 mate 1.
(or: 4. Q X R(8)ch, R- )
8L; 5. Q(or R) X R. mate 3. mate

4. mate But what happens on 1..

We have examined the basic
RXQ? guidelines to mates by two
RXQ Rooks. What should you do or
- 1. QXPch look for when your Rooks can
2.
mate penetrate the enemy position?
3.
1. When the enemy King is on
the edge of the board first oc-
cupy the seventh rank with a
Rook. Then try to get your
second Rook to the seventh
rank too so that the com-
bined action of the Rooks
can threaten mate.
2. An enemy King at its Rl or
DIAGRAM 229 elsewhere on the edge of the
.{RONTN TCTIECHOWER board can be cut off by a
-
Moscow,1948
Rook placed on the adjacent
Tfhite PIaYs 1. Q X Pch
rank or flle. Then try to check
mate-with the second
^L\{LYSIs -and
Rook.
of an-
Sometimes the suPPort DIAGRA.fuI 230 3. Be ready to sacrifice when-
'ottrher
piece makes the mate bY
ever the result is the removal
Black Mates in Three Moves
tg.o Rooks easier. The White
of a defender or the opening
Kniqht in this position will suP- ANALYSIS of a line for one or both
pcrt a Rook check at KN7 and Rooks; but be certain the
perrait mate bY another Rook at It is also possible for two
Rooks to mate when theY are mate is possible before you
KBS. But f.rst something must be glve up any of your pieces!
done to get rid of one of Black's
not doubled (supporting one an-
Rooks. White PlaYed 1-. O X other on the same rank or file).
?ch and Black resigned. He could White has three Pawns for a Mates with two Rooks occur
have dragged the game on a few
Knight and has reached a Posi- frequently because these pieces
moves by:
tion where he threatens to are rarely exchanged in the open-

1il
l4O Checkmate!

ing. They therefore remain as 1..... Q-3,2 2. QXPch! KXQ

weapons to be used in the middle 2. RXP! The goal has been achier.eC
game and endgame. The posi- Now there are two mate The Rooks mate by occupl-ing
tions that follow, most from threats at once, and one must the open files, and the f,nal chak
middle games, illustrate tech- succeed. and mate occur because the
niques of forcing mate with two White Pawns cut off possible
Rooks.
a. 1f.2. . .. . O X Q; 3. R(R8)
cape squares.
es-

X R mate
b. It2.....K-Qr;3.QX 3.
Qch, K-Kl; 4. A choice of 4.
mates by Q-K7 or either 5. mate
RXR

DIAGRAIA 23I
Ihe Rooks Force Mate!

ANALYSIS
DIAGRAM 232
This is a perfect illustration
of the power of two Rooks com- White Mates in Five Moves DIAGRAM 233
lining their efforts on the sev- Black Mates in Three Moves
enth and eighth ranls. The Black ANALYSIS
King is limited to its first and A King limited to two open ANAI,YSIS
second ranks. Mate may be pos- files can be mated by two Rooks
White's Queen is out of play,
sible if the White Rooks can in- in the type of position illustrated
yet given time his Pawn on ts5
vade and work together. by Diagram 225. I-ook at that will advance to Queen. But tle
one before you begin your analy-
Black Rooks can seize conrrol.
1. Q X Pch! sis of this one. White begins
of the seventh rank aud mane
with:
If1.....PxQ;2.R(R8)X must then follow.
Rch, K-82 or Q2; 3. R(Nl)- 1. N-B6ch! PXN
1.
N7 mate-and if L. . . . . K-Q1; The Knight must be captured,
2.
2. R X R mate. Black must in- foron 1. . . . . K-Rl; 2. Q X P
3. m-te
terpose his Queen. mate
 Mate with Two Rooks 14t
2. Q X Pch! KX Q
[-.... Q-82
LR,XP! The goal has been achieved.
{ow there are two mate The Rooks mate by occupying
Es at once, and one must the open flles, and the final check
ctod- and mate occur because the
White Pawns cut off possible es-
re.z..... O X Q;3. R(RS) cape squares.
X R mate
tt 2. K-Ql; 3. Q X 3.
Och,K-Kl; 4. A choice of 4.
mtes by Q-K7 or either 5. mate
D]AGRAM 234
RXR BAUMSTARK KOZLOVSKA
-
Soviet Union,1971
White Mates in Two Moves

ANALYSIS
This mate depends on the sup-
port provided by the White Pawn
on 86. All White must do is to
force the opening of the seventh
rank, when the Black King will
have no escape squares. A Queen
sacrifice does the trick!
1.
DIAGRAM 232
2. mate
WHc }Iates in Five Moves DIAGRAM 233
Black Mates in Three Moves
t{ALY$S
A Kine limited to two open ANAI,YSIS
ss can be mated bY two Rooks White's Queen is out of play,
tte t1pe of position illustrated yet given time his Pawn on B6
r Diasram 225. Look at that will to Queen. But the
advance
rc before you begin Your analY- Black Rooks can seize control
s of this one. White begins
of the seventh rank and mate
atu must then follow.
I. Ii-Bfth! PXN
1. aaaa
The Knight must be caPtured, 2. DIAGRAM 235
r(rr1.....K-Rl;2.QXP 3. mate White Mates in Two Moves
t&
142 Checkmate!
ANALY$S
Doubled Roots, one support-
ing a check by the other, can
mate if the enemy King is on a
rank without escape squares.
Here White has only to visualize
the position with the Black Rook
at its QBI oft the board, and the
sacrifice and mate to follow be-
come obvious.
2. mate
- defense
DIAGRAM 235
Black Mates in lhree Moves
ANALYSN
Mate with two Rooks is easY
to see when both Rooks can
bear on the same square adjacent
to an enemy King that lacks es-
cape squares. That condition can
be forced in this position after a
Queen sacrifice. The key square
is White's KB1! Dozens of tour-
nament games have been won
with the attack illustrated by this
position.
1. . . . .
Selecting the World Champion
The World Chess Federation
(F€diration Internatiorule des
Echecs or FIDE) has controlled
all world titles since 1948. Until
then a world champion could
make his own decisions about the
of his title. Sometimes
years passed without a world
title match. Sometimes the cham-
pions selected weak opponents
(as they do in boxing) so that
they could keep their titles. To-
day an oryaniznd, competition
carefully chooses the best player
among dozens of zonal cham-
pions representing every part of
the world. T\vo interzonal tour-
naments select six players who
join the two highest ranking
players of the previous slimina-
tion series to determine the new
challenger for the world title.
As might be expected, Russian
grandmasters have tended to
dominate the challenger matches.
In 1974 five of the eight were
Russians, and one of them, Ana-
toly Karpov, became the 1975
challenger. When the world
champion, Bobby Fischer of the
United States, refused to accept
the playing nrles set by EIDE,
Karpov was declared the new
world champion.
Lev Polugaevski, one of the
Russians in the 1974 and 1977
matches, plays regularly ald is
renowned for his srushing attacks
and forced mates. But he too can
be vulnerable, and a lesser player
with a good knowledge of check-
mate techniques can beat him.
This was well illustrated at a
German tournament where a
player who could never win a
match against Polugaevski forced
a brilliant mate with two Rooks!
DIAGRAM 237
POLUGAEVSKI EISING h
-
Solingen,1974
I
Black Mates in Four Moves c
o
ANALYSIS tr
Eising has obtained open files !
for his Rooks. The mate depeads fr
on joining the Rooks on the T
eighth rank. This cannot be doqe h

he attack illustrated by this
IL
mate
ting the World ChamPion
e World Chess Federation
rfrion lnternationale des
t or FIDE) has controlled
dd titles since L948. Until
r sorld champion could
hfo oq:n decisions about the
E of his title. Sometimes
pssed without a world
reb- Some':mes the cham-
seleted weak oPPonents
by do in boxing) so that
ffild keep their titles. To-
il organized comPetition
ily chooses the best PlaYer
E dozens of zonal cham-
I rcPresenting every part of
rrtd- Two interzonal tour-
irtq select six players who
fu tw'o highest ranking
rs cf the previous elimina-
rtries to determine the new
logcr for the world title.
l might be expected, Russian
lmascers have tended to
ime the challenger matches.
914 fi'r,e of the eight were
eE$ and one of them, Ana-
Er1rcv, became the 1975
ESsr. When the world
Eion, Bobby Fischer of the
sd States, refused to accePt
Mate with Two Rooks 143
the playing ntles set by EIDE, unless the White Pawn on KN2
Karpov was declared the new is removed, and Eising began
world champion. with a Queen sacrifice that elim-
Lev Polugaevski, one of the inated that Pawn and led to his
Russians in the 1974 and t977 grandmaster opponent's immedi-
matches, plays regularly and is ate resignation! Find the mate
renowned for his snrshing attacks after:
and forced mates. But he too can 1. Q X Pch!
be vulnerable, and a lesser player 2. ii,i o
with a good knowledge of check- 3.
mate techniques can beat him. 4. mate
This was well illustrated at a
German tournament where a
player who could never win a
match against Polugaevski forced
a brilliant mate with two Rooks!
DIAGRAAA 238
HARTSTON WHITELEY
-
England,1974
White Mates in Ihree Moves
ANALYSIS
DIAGRAM 237 The British chess world has
POLUGABVSKI EISING been in renaissance since the
-
Solingen,l974 1960s, and has produced several
Black Mates in Four Moves outstanding players. In this game
one of them used his understand-
ANAI,YSTS ing of mate with two Rooks to
Eising has obtained open files justify a brilliant Queen sacri-
for his Rooks. The mate dePends fice. Suppose the Black Queen
on joining the Rooks on the were no longer able to protect
eighth rank. This cannot be done his K2 and Q2 squares. White
144 Checkmate!
would then have the mate with
two Rooks illustrated in Dia-
gram227.
3. mate
REMEMBER!
1. The- most common mates with
two Rooks occur when the
Rooks dominate the seventh
rank and the enemy King
lacks escape squares or de-
fense by its pieces. Try to get
Rooks to the seventh
2. Mates with two Rooks also
occur when one Rook can cut
off escape squares on a rank CHAPTER 13
or file and the other Rook
checks and mates. Such mates
are common when one Rook Boden's Mate
is on the seventh rank and
the other on the eighth, or
when the enemy King is con-
fined to two open files that
the Rooks can commsld.
3. Once the Rooks are poised
for one of the basic mates, a
sacrifice may be possible to
remove a defender or to open
a rank or file to permit the d
How Strategy Makes Tactics
Rooks to mate.
Possible
I
d
The checkmates presented in t
the previous chapters can be tr
charactetized as tactics. That rS fl
they are sequences of moves in r
typical positions that lead to some d
desired goal-in our case, to P
mate. Chess planning and play ir
have been divided into the two ir
areas commonly called strategr v
and tactics. Strategy refers to f,
long-range planning built abort r
such principles as the develop tr
ment of your pieces, the control !t
of the center, the domination cf
open lines, and the placement of P
your pieces on squares where de- E
fense is assured and attacts can
be launched. In all the mates we"i
6
have examined a playet's pieces q
were already in position to exe q
cute a final attapk. But they Lt
145
ns sith two Rooks also
r when one Rook can cut
cscape squares on a rank CHAPTER L3
fle and the other Rook
fr and mates. Such mates
oourmon when one Rook Boden's Mate
oo the seventh rank and
other on the eighth, or
:n the enemy King is con-
d to tcio open files that
lfooks can command.
cc the Rooks are poised
me of the basic mates, a
rifce may be possible to
rree a defender or to open
ank or f,le to permit the
ols to mate. How Strategy Makes Tactics
Possible
The checkmates Presented in
the previous chapters can be
charactet'aed as tactics. That is,
they are sequences of moves in
typical positions that lead to some
desired goal-in our case, to
mate. Chess Planning and PlaY
have been divided into the two
areas commonly called strategY
and tactics. Strategy refers to
long-range planning built about
such principles as the develoP-
ment of your pieces, the control
of the center, the domination of
open lines, and the placement of
your pieces on squares where de-
fense is assured and attacks can
be launched. In all the mates we
have examined a player's pieces
were already in position to exe-
cute a final attack. But they
145
didn't just happen to be there.
The attack had to be planned; a
desired position had to be
achieved; the pieces had to be
placed on squares that then made
the mate possible. It is important
to understand the kinds of threats
that can win games-one pur-
pose of reading this book. But it
is equally important to know that
it must be your strategy to get
your pieces to squares where
such threats can become check-
mates. You cannot succeed as a
tactician unless you are first a
strategist.
The mating idea called the
Boden Mate (named after a Ger-
man player of the 1860s) pro-
vides an example of how to reap
the benefits of long-range strat-
ery. Bishops are most useful on
open diagonals. In the Boden
Mate they usually bear on the
146 Checkmate!

Queen side after the opponent He

has castled there. One Bishop chi
checks and mates while the other qt
controls escape squares. The PIE
strategy is to place your pieces ide
so that such a mate may be pos-
PTE
sible. The tactics required may EIA
include the sacrifice of a piece to fio{
open the diagonal on which a tns
Bishop mates. ,rx
FA
DIAGRATY1 240 DIAGRAM 24I pla
White Mates in Two Moves Black Mates in Two Moves to
c^-
Ld/-)
ANALYS$ ANALYSIS bs
Correct strategy has prepared The control of open lines is fon
for the mate. White's Queen is an essential part of successful op(
on an open file and bearing down chess strategy. Black's Bishops sbi
on Black's King. The White are poised for the same kind of {wa
Bishops are on open diagonals, mate achieved in Diagram 240. en,l
one of them already cutting off Again a King is blocked by its @tr
Black's escape to his Nl or B2. own pieces and all that is needed d,l,:-4

But a tactical finish is needed. is the opening of a diagonal for was

The Black King is still protected a final check and mate. It matters kne
DIAGMM 239
by a Pawn and a Bishop. White little that you lose a Queen if its aPe
ANALYSIS would mate if he could check sacrifice is followed by mate! @:
with his Bishop at QR6. He must IL[a
This is the basic position of 1.
open a diagonal, and can do it sas
the Boden Mate. The White with a sacrifice which is also a
2. mate
BO(
Bishops control the three squares
check. OFP
adjacent to the tslack King. They
wh,e
bear on it from different direc- 1.
gzE
tions, their cross flre eliminating 2. mate Terrible Teichmann CIffi
any escape. In the Boden Mate Richard Teichmann, rc*ogntz- Roc
positions the opponent's Pawns
able at any tournament by the p{.af
or pieces usually occupy two or miss- corr
eye patch he wore over his
more squares adjacent to the ing eye, was one of the most plu
King-like the Rook and Ituight talented and feared chess masters sgur
in this position. of the early years of this century. to b

DI,AGRAM 240
i Xrtes in Two Moves
;IS
Fct strategy has prepared
E nate. White's Queen is
E?Gn file and bearing down
Es King. The White
fr are on open diagonals,
f ftem already cutting off
b cscape to his Nl or B2.
iuical finish is needed.
E King is still Protected
Irrtr and a BishoP. White
I rte if he could check
lr Bishop at QR6. He must
e di4onal, and can do it
I racrifice which is also
l'
DIAGMM 247
Black Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
The control of oPen lines is
an essential pafi of successful
chess strategy. Black's BishoPs
are poised for the same kind of
mate achieved in Diagram 240.
Again a King is blocked by its
own pieces and all that is needed
is the opening of a diagonal for
a final check and mate. ft
matters
Iittle that you lose a Queen if its
sacrifice is followed by mate!
1. ....
2. mate
a world, with confusion as to his
- game or one in which he gave an
Terrible Teichmann
Richard Teichmann, recogniz-
able at any tournament by the
eye patch he wore over his miss-
ing oye, was one of the most
talented and feared chess masters
of the early years of this centur5l.
Boden's Mate 147
He studied little, depending
chiefly on his great tactical abil-
ity. This meant he was often un-
prepared to meet new opening
ideas; losses on such occasions
prevented him from winning
many toumaments. But he still
frightened every opponent, beat-
ing the best from time to time
and atnost always crushing
weaker players. He was ready to
play anywhere, his lazy approach
to chess counterbalanced by the
fact that he was always in form
because he played so often. A
formidable strategist, he devel-
oped his pieces as quickly as pos-
sible, tried to achieve open games
(many open files and diagonals),
and looked for tactical ideas that
could lead to mate. The type of
attack leading to the Boden Mate
was always in his arsenal, for he
knew well how to create and use
open diagonals. One of his games,
played in t914, led to a Boden
Mate in only thirteen moves. It
was quicHy printed all over the
opponent's name and even
whether it was a tournament
oflrand opponent the odds of a
Rook. In any event, it was
played, and it does illustrate how
correct strategy calls for the
placement of your pieces on
squares where they can be used
to hit at the enemy position.
148 Checkmate!

Whlte Blsck minor strategic errors that make were not there to be interposed?
TEICHMANN DAC,OVER brilliant short games possible. The winning move becomes ob
Berlin,1914 Now Teichmann leaps in to the vious. Remove fts Knight and
kill. mate must follow on the next
1. P-K4 P-Q4 move!
2. PXP QXp 10. B-KNs Q-N3
3. N-QB3 Hl 11. N-Ns
2. mate
This line in the Center Counter The tbreat is 12. N-B7ch Hundreds of , tournament
Defenseis not recommended. with the win of a Rook. Black games have ended in a Boden
Betteris3.....A-QR4. is reluctant to play 11. . . . . Mate.-Players whose stratery has
N-R3, when both of his Ifuights been sound and whose opponents
4. N-83 B-Ns will be misplaced. Besides, he have failed to develop properly
5. B-84 doesn't see the mate to come, or keep escape routes open for
and doesn'trealize what has hap- their Kings become the unhappy
The terrible Teichmann wastes
pened until after he takes the victims of first a sacrifice and
no time. He has more pieces in
Knight. then a mate enforced by the criss-
play and immediately threatens
6.N-K5ffid,on6..... lL..... PXN? cross sweep of two Bishops.
B X Q;7. B X P mate. 1. Look for an enemy King pdst
tion with limited escape
5. . ... P-K3 squares, two of them on a di-
6. P_KR3 BXN u
agonal already controlled by
7. QXB P-QB3 one of your Bishops.
Played to prevent 8. Q X NP 2. Seek a sacrifice that opens a AFU
or, on 7. .. N--QB3; 8. diagonal to permit the secmd fi
B-QNs. Bishop to check and mate. di
3. Before attempting the sacri- *
8. P-Q3 Q-83 fice, make certain your two dd
Black hopes to exchange
Bishops will control every
square to which the enemy
ry
rhl
Queens and thus avoid some of
the threats posed by White's su-
King might move. drI
DIAGRAJVI 242
d
perior development. White Mates in Itwo Moves The positions that follow bear
striking resemblances. In each
T{
9. Q-N3 N-KR:}? ANALYSIS
GdT
the Boden Mate must first be vis- E
Violating a general strategic A Boden Mate awaits. It is ualized. Then one or more moves F
rule-to develop your pieces so not yet possible because on t2. open the line for the Bishop that
that they can help you control B X Pch Black can interpose his finatly mates. It is amusing that L
the center of the board. It is such Ituight. But suppose the Knight some of the greatest players in ?-
 Bod.en's Mate 149

errors that make were not there to be interPosed? chess history have been victims
games Possible. The winning move becomes ob- of this mate. Perhaps it proves
leaps in to the vious. Remove the Ifuight and that no player is immune from
mate must follow on the next punishment when he fails to fol-
move! low sound strategical principles!
Q-N3
2. mate
is 12. N-B7ch Hundreds of tournament
iin of a Rook. Black games have ended in a Boden
to play 11. Mate.-Players whose strategY has
both of his Knights been sound and whose oPPonents
;tlplaced. Besides, he have failed to develop ProPerlY
the mate to come, or keep escape routes oPen for
rcalize what has hap- their Kings become the unhaPPY
after he takes the victims of first a sacrifice and
then a mate enforced by the criss-
cross sweep of two Bishops.
PXN? DIAGRAM 243
1. I-ook for an enemy King Posi- LASKER ENGLUND
tion with limited escaPe -
Scheveningen, 1913
squares, two of them on a di- White Mates in Two Moves
agonal already controlled bY
one of your BishoPs.
2. Seek a sacrffice that opens a ANALYSIS
diagonal to permit the second A world renowned engineer
Bishop to check and mate. and a part-time grandmaster, Dr.
3. Before attemPting the sacri- Edward Lasker maintained his
flce, make certain Your two ptaying strength for more than
Bishops will control every fifty years. His books on chess
square to which the enemy strategy taught two generations
i King might move. of players. Even at ninetY his
I DI^GRA
^
242 sudden attacts were winning
tsXies in Two ilIoves The positions that follow bear gzlmes. This position, one of his
striking resemblances. In each
b
F Mate awaits. It is
the Boden Mate must first be vis-
ualized. Then one or more moves
early triumphs, becomes a Boden
Mate because the White Rook
prevents escape to the Queen file.
lf q*t iUte becauseon 12. open the line for the BishoP that
F can interpose his finally mates. It is amusing that
LXE strppose the Knight some of the greatest players in 2. mate

-
150 Checkmate!

DIAGRAM 244 DIAGRAM 245 DIAGRAM 246

BROWN ESSERY MIESES ELLINGER White IVIates in lhree Moves
-
England,1913 -
Berlin,1920
White Mates in Two Moves White Mates in Two MoYes AI.IALYSIS f
Sometimes the recognition of
ANALYS$ ANALYSIS
a mating pattern saves a difficult ^l!f
o
This position is so similar to Jacques Mieses, *hs slaimed Bame. Black's advanced Pawns d
that of Diagram 243 that the at eighty that he had passed the seem ready to break White's p
solution should come in seconds. danger z.one (between seventy sition open. But White's Bishops
iE
Again. the Bishops are ready to and eighty) at which most older are poised for a Boden Mate if
IU
mate, if only the diagonal from people die, and might therefore only the diagonal QRHBS E
AH
QR6 to the Black King can be live to play chess forever, was a can be opened. TVo sacrifices are
opened. A Boden Mate position speculative player who rarely won necessary, for the Black Knigtt
d
is always an invitation to sacri- tournaments. But he did produce at QN5 must be forced away 1
fice! And Black made it all pos- a large share of mates, including U
sible by ptaying QX
QP, this one. The technique should
from its control of White's QRG
a
winning a Pawn but taking his by now be familiar.
qE
Queen away from its defensive 1. 3. mate
&
post near his King. 2. mate I
,-
2. mate
- --._a
e-l
(h
oEr
{h
OPtr
Ed

DTAGRAM 245 DtAGRAJti 246
UIESES _ ELLINGER White IVIates in ltree Moves
&eilin,1920
lfiatcs in Itwo Moves AT{ALYSN
Sometimes the recognition of
f,srsi a mating pattern saves a difrcult
Mieses, who claimed game. Black's advanced Pawns
that he had passed the seem ready to break White's Po-
?llne (between seventy sition opeu But White's BishoPs
righty) at which most older are poised for a Boden Mate, if
die, and might therefore only the diagonal QRHBS
b play chess forever, was a can be opened. TWo sacrifices are
player who rarely won necessaly, for the Black Ifuight
But he did produce at QN5 must be forced away
share of mates, including from its control of White's QR6.
oe. The technique should t.
mw be famitiar. L.
3. mate
Boden's Mate
DIAGRAM 247
ALEKHINB _ BBRSEN
Copenhagen,7925
IVhite Mates in llvo Moves
ANALYS$
One of the marks of a grand-
master is the frequencY with
which he makes surPrise moves
that succeed because of his fa-
Eiliaxity with mating Patterns.
Alekhine often tried to defeat
weaker opponents in the oPen-
ing. In this game he sees that a
check with a BishoP at KN6 is
mate. How does he force the
opening of the diagonal to Permit
that check and mate?
2. mate
The key to a Boden Mate is
the placement of your BishoPs.
-
Once you rc@gutzo that Your
opponent's King can be mated
after the diagonals have been
opened for these Bishops, your
goal becomes the discovery of
152 Checkmatel

moves that will open these lines.
A Boden Mate therefore calls for
the consideration of sacrifices
that justify your stratery of Plac-
ing your Bishops on squares
bearing on yonr opponent's King
position.
DIAGRAAA 249
IIARRWITZ HEALBY
-
London,1865
Black ltrlates in ltwo Moves
AI\ALYSIS
Even masters make the mis-
take of letting one objective dull
DIAGRA'iA 248 their awareness of a threat. In
White Mates in Itwo Moves this game a lesser known club
player defeated a master who had
AT{ALYSIS neglected his development to ad-
Black has committed the error vance a passed Pawn he hoped
of at could become a second Queen.
snatching Pawns while
White was placing his pieces on The punishment was another
Queen sacrifice forcing a Boden
squilres that now make a Boden
Mate.
Mate possible. Perhaps this chap
ter should be subtifled;z Sacrificing 1. . . . .
the Queen to Force a Boden 2. mate
Mate!
1. Playing in
mate -
a Simultancous Exhibition
2.
One of the features of a chess
club's activities is the visit of
well-known master who meets
twenty or more opponents in an
exhibition of simultaneous play.
The master usually takes White
on all boards and moves alod
within a rectangle of tables.
Great tensions develop as players
defend carefully and seek thr€ats
they hope the master will over-
look. He must finish his exhibi-
tion in two or tlree hours, retich
menns he can take only a fery
seconds to decide on his moye at
each board. Yet he knows so
much more than his opponents
that he still wins all or most d
the games, sometimes producing
several brilliant checkmates in
the process. They occur because
his stratery is to place his pim
on squares where they can assist
in the later attack on an op1te
nent's King position. Somefimes
the tactical onslaught is made
possible by a trap-an ofter d
material that, once taken, operc
the lines needed for the check- d
h
mate. The South American mas-
ter Canal demonstrated such a u
satanic offer in a simultaneos -
h
exhibition in which he gave Lyql
two Rooks and then a Queen to F
force a Boden Mate! fi
rI
El
Whlte Black C.
CANAL MARIO Ir
Italy,1934 m
a 1. P-K4 P-Q4
2.P)(P Qxp
3. N--QrXt Q.-QR4
a. p-{a P-QrX}

F
F within a rectangle of tables.
T
F.
F 10. P-R:i
F look. He must finish his exhibi-
DIAGRAAA 249
EARRWITZ _ HEALEY
London,1865
Bteck Mates in Itwo Moves
ANALYSrc
Even rnasters make the mis-
ake of letting one objective dull
their awareness of a threat" In
this game a lesser known club
player defeated a master who had
n€lected his develoPment to ad-
Yance a passed Pawn he hoPed
could become a second Queen.
Th€ punishment was another
Queen sacrifice forcing a Boden
Mate.
1. .. ..
2.
PlsyW in
-
a Simultancous Exhibition
One of the features of a chess
dub's activities is the visit of a
well-known master who meets
twenty or more oPPonents in an
exhibition of simultaneous PlaY.
Boden's Mate 153
The master usually takes White 5. N-IG3 B_Ns
on all boards and moves around 6. P_KR:} BXN
7. QXB P-K3
Greattensions develop as players 8. B-KB4 QN-Q2
defend carefully and seek threats 9. B-.Kjz 0-0-0
B-Ns?
they hope the master will over-
tion in two or three hours, which
meurilr he can take only a few
seconds to decide on his move at
each board. Yet he knows so
much more than his opponents
that he still wins all or most of
the games, sometimes Producing
several brilliant checkmates in
the process. They occnr because
his strategy is to place his pieces
on squares where they can assist
in the later attack on an oppo-
nent's King position. Sometimes
the tactical onslaught is made
possible by a trap-an offer of
Black thought his Bishop was
material that, once taken, operui safe at N5, for Canal would lose
the lines needed for the check- two Rooks if he took the BishoP.
mate. The South American mas-
Tnre, but taking the Rooks
ter Canal demonstrated such a means the B1ack Queen will no
satanic offer in a simultaneous longer defend the Black King
exhibition in which he gave away position. Black has failed to see
two Rooks and then a Queen to that Canal's pieces are ready for
mate torce a Boden Mate!
a Boden Mate. The master made
his remaining moves in a second
or two apiece-seeming to flY
past the board. Do you see
CANAL MARIO
Italy,1934 White's threat?
P-Q4 PXB!
11. QXRch
QxP L2.K_Qz QXR
Q-QR4 13.QXPch PXQ
P-QB3 14. B-R6 mate
154 Checkmate!

2. Recognize the general enemy Bifr

King formation that permits cltt
a Boden Mate-limited es- ad
cape squares; your Bishop 3. Be I
dominating one or two squares thc
adjacent to the King; the pos- E-
sibility of getting the other

DIAGRAA,I 25I DIAGRAM 252

Black Mates in Ihree Moves Black Mates in Four Moves

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
A battery is most eftective This is another example of a
when it attacks along an open Boden Mate following a well-
line. Then one or more pieces timed sacrifice. White has just
can be sacrificed to open the played R-R1 in an effort to ex-
enemy pos-ition for a mating change Rooks. But a pair of
attack. In this position White has checks forces his King to KBl.
neglected his defenses while ad- The solution then becomes ob-
vancing his KNP. The lack of es- vious, for there is then a way to
cape squares for the White King get the Bishops into the criss-
therefore permits a Boden Mate. cross final position that means
mate.
1. ..
2. 1. ....
3. mate 2.
3.
4. mate

RE,MEMBER!
1. As a part of your opening
strategy, try to place your
Bishops on squares that Per-
mit them to bear on your op-
ponent's casfled King position.
 Boden's Mate 155

2. Recognize the general enemY Bishop to a square where it

King formation that Permits
a Boden Mate-limited es-
cape squares; Your BishoP
dominating one or two squares
adjacent to the King; the Pos-
sibility of getting the other
cuts off the last escape squares
and mates.
3. Be ready to sacrifice to open
the diagonal needed for the
mate!

fo another examPle of a
llate following a well-
White has just
R-Rl in an effort to ex-
Rooks. But a Pair of
fuDes his King to KBL.
then becomes ob-
ttere is then a waY to
Bfuhps into the criss-
lrcsition that means

-llllll-

mate

t part of your oPening

, try to place Your
on squares that Per-
fu to bear on your oP-
castled King position-

CHAPT.ER 14
long Diagonal Mates
How to Drive a
Chess Playefs Family Crazy
So much has been written
about chess that no one person
can hope to master all of it. Yet
each chess player sooner or later
makes the attempt-and begins
by building a personal chess li-
brary. It begins with HOW TO
PLAY boots that become well-
used friends. Then the player
discovers chess magaz.ines (about
200 chess periodicals are avail-
able in English and many more
in other languages). Of course,
it is silly to throw away anything
related to chess, for each book
or magazine has something of
lasting value in it. The collection
begins to grow, fed by occasional
purchases, magazines arriving
every month, and soon the dis-
covery that foreign publications
can be ordered in the United
156
States. The chess library requires
a bookcase or tweperhaps a
corner of a room. But what about
the thousands of games, collec-
tions, and tournament books that
are available, many in inexpen-
sive paperbacks? Perhaps a few
chess prints qdll imFrove the ap-
pearance of what has by now
become a chess room. Then again
the player may want a chess table
and some extra wall space to hold
the special chess sets that have
been added to the library. Friends
and relatives discover that chess-
related purchases make perfect
birthday and holiday gifts. The
chess library has become the
master of the house. The player
may never use filing cabinets to
file tens of thousands of games
(as the Yugoslavian grandmaster
Gligoric doe,s) or compile hun-
dreds of notebooks containing
game score.s and notes about
them (as the Russian grandmae.
ter Boleslavsky did for years|
But once the idea of a persmd
chesslibrary takes hold a player
fnds a lifetime interest and m'
other family becomes burH
with the problem of finding nfim
for a collection that can mly
grow larger.
The Yugoslavian publicatin
in six languages for world-wib
distribution, is one of the be*
library items available. It uses a .
international system of chess p
'l
tation that identifles pieces by
twbe e .I
chess symbols. Published
yea\ it gathers little dust, fc I
contains games and positionsYilt i
notes by the world's best plz5r i
ers. Most of it is grandmam I
chess, but sometimes it includct' I
games or positions by rxD I
masters. It is each chess playart t
dream to see his best eftct it i
print, and Chess Inforuwt flb !
most other chess publicatiom in- ;
cludes moments of insight d iF
spiration by hitherto untnom t
players. One such position io .
1973 issue demonstrated a ffi .r
liant mate by a Canadian playct ,i
who had gained firm control d l- -----i
long diagonal.

Ite chess library requires
or tweperhaps a
d a room. But what about
of games, collec-
md tournament books that
many m rnexpen-
Perhaps a few
'trints yill imFrove the ap-
of what has by now
a chess room. Then again
may want a chess table
extra wall space to hold
chess sets that have
to the library. Friends
ives discover that chess-
lmrchases make perfect
and holiday gifts. The
fibrary has become the
d the house. The player
uss filing cabinets to
thousands of games
of
Yugoslavian grandmaster
does) or compile hun-
d notebooks containing
so(Ees and notes about
them (as the Russian grandmas-
ter Boleslavsky did for years).
But once the idea of a Personal
chess library takes hold a PlaYer
finds a lifetime interest atrd an-
other family becomes burdened
with the problem of finding room
for a collection that can only
grow larger.
The Yugoslavian Publication
Chess Informanf, with its articles
in six languages for world-wide
distribution, is one of the best
library items available. It uses an
international system of chess no-
tation that identifies Pieces bY
chess synbols. Published twice a
year, it gathers little dust, for it
contains games and positions with
notes by the world's best PlaY-
ers. Most of it is grandmaster
chess, but sometimes it includes
games or positions bY non-
masters. It is each chess PlaYer's
dream to see his best effort in
print, and Chess Intormartl like
most other chess Publications in-
cludes moments of insight and in-
spiration by hitherto unknown
players. One such position in a
1973 issue demonstrated a bril-
liant mate by a Canadian PlaYer
who had gained firn control of a
long diagonal.
Long Diagorul Mates
DTAGRAM 253
DZERA _ SHAHAR
Canada,1973
White Moves and Black Resigns!
ANALYS$
It appears that Black must win
a Rook for his BishoP. But the
position contains a hidden at-
tack based on the Power of the
White Bishop at QN2. White
played 1. N-B5! and Black re-
signed. Let's see whY.
a. On 1. N-85 White threatens
mate by 2.Q-N7. If Black
tries 1. B X Q; 2-
N X B mate!
b. The only possible defense is
a move that Protects Black's
KN2. Thus, 1.'N-B5, B-
B3; 2. R-R3, R-K1; 3.
O X RPch, K-Bl; and
White can mate by 4. O-
R8ch,BXQ;5.RXB
mate!
The various mates Possible
when the long diagonal is con-
 Checkmate!
trolled as in Diagram 254 have
been given names reflecting play-
ers who first used or wrote about
them. It is simpler to call all of
them Long Diagonal mates.
Long Diagonal mates share
several characteristics. In all of
them the enemy King is unable
to leave its first rank when a
check by a Queen or a Rook
mates. There is usually a hole in
the enemy position created by the
advance of a Pawn-most often
the KNP. A Bishop supports the
mating piece or prevents escape
by the opponent's King. In most
cases the long diagonal is open.
The key to the final mating move
is the opening of a file for the
invasion of a Queen or a Rook.
In some cases, as in Diagram
255, the file is not opened until
the mating move.
ANAI-,YSN I
Black has prepared for a I-ong I
Diagonal mate, with his Aue€n d
and Bishop attacking White s
KR2 square. White's Knight de,
fends against the mate threat,
but White can remove this Ifuigb
with check and mate on the netr
move. Note that Black has fol- I
lowed the strategy of placing his d
pieces on squares where they at- il
tack the enemy King position- d
DIAGRAAA 255
Now he must remove a defender.
ti
Black lllates in One Move a
1. d
ANALYSIS 2. ffi E
The mate is obvious. 1. . . . . ft
O X RF is mate because the o
Bishop on the long diagonal sup- d
ports the Queen. Since few op- t
ponents fail to see ommove mate
threats, it is most often necessary
to sacrifice a piece or a Pawn to
reach such a mating position.
Diagram 256 illustrates the basic
technique.
DIAGRAM 257
White Mates in Two Move
ANALYSN
The removal of defenders is a
frequent necessity in Loog Diae
onal mates. Here White has tbree A]
pieces bearing on the mating
square, KRS. Black has only two s
DlAGRA,trt 256
defenders, a Bishop and a King fi
This jusffies the immediate sacri- C
Black l}Iates in Two Moves
 Long Diagonal Mates 159

ANAI,YSffi flce of the Queen, for mate fol-

Black has prepared for a Long lows the removal of Black's
Diagonal matg with his Queen defending Bishop.
and Bishop attacking White's
KR2 square. White's Knight de-
fends against the mate tlaeat,
but White can remove this Knight
The study of Long Diagonal
with check and mate on the next
mates really began with the work
move. Note that Black has fol-
of Juan Bautista Lolli, who ex-
lowed the strategy of placing his
pieces on squares where they at-
plained n 1763 that control of
the long diagonal plus the in-
tack the enemy King position.
vasion by a Rook or Queen on
Now he must remove a defender.
an open Rook file can force
1. checkmate. He presented a study
,YSilS 2. to illustrate the steps in moving
from a dominating position to
Eate is obvious. 1. . . . .
the final checkmate. His final po-
RP is mate because the
sition is often called the Lolli
on the long diagonal sup-
Mate.
tte Qoeen. Since few op-
tail to see onemove mate
it is most often necessary
a piece or a Pawn to
sch a mating position.
256 illustrates the basic

White Mates in Two Moves

ANALYSIS DTAGRAM 258

The removal of defenders is a IVhite Mates in Five Moves

frequent necessity in Long Diag-
onal mates. Here White has three ANALYSIS
pieces bearing on the mating Black's P-N3 has he$ed
square, KR8. Black has only two White gain control of the long
defenders, a Bishop and a King. diagonal. The mate will depend
This justifies the immediate sacri- on control of the KR file.
160 Checkmate!

StBp l: Control the KR file

ANALYSIS I
If not for the blocked positim I
1. rR6 Q-81 of his King, White would hare I
For othemise 2. Q-N7 mate. an easy win. Yet there is no wa5l I
to avoid the mate that r€sufts t
Srsp 2: Open the KR file once Black has placed a Rook I
2.QXRPch KXQ battery on the open Rook fiIe. I
d
L. . . ..
d
Srsp 3: Use the I(R file to mate
I
3. R-R1ch Q-R3
For 3. K-Nl; 4. R-R8 5. rr*
mate. Iltact llflates in Ihree Moves
4.RXQch KXR
And again 4..... K-Nl;5. Now whatever White does
R:R8 mate. Black mates in two more moves.
5. R-Rl mate 2.
A Long Diagonal mate can 3. mate T
occur without a Bishop if a Pawn Mate also occrus when a Pawn fr
has been advanced to KB6 when at KB6 combines with a Rook t
the enemy has played P-N3. check on the eighth rank There
Control of the diagonal then is something inexorable about the
means only control of the KN7
I
win in Diagram 260. I
squaxe, preventing the enemy
King from esc when
DIAGRAAA 267 !
BLACKBURNE _ SCEIYARl1Z I
checked at its Rl or supporting a
mate by a Queen at KN7. Dia-
Berlin,|SSI I
gram 259 illustrates such a mate.
White Mates in Six Moves I
a
ANALYSIS
i
ANALY$S @iagram 259, 4
White has two Rooks and a Note the keys to a possitilc----e
Pawn for a Queen, ordinarily Long Diagonal mate: a King m. Gt
enough to win. But Black threat- able to leave the corner of tb I
ens mate at once by: board; a Bishop controlling t cr
long diagonal; a battery of Rmts I
1. .... P:86 on the KR file ready to open the il
2. P-N3 (preventing 2. . . . . DIAGRAM 260
file and then mate at R8. Blactis d
Q X P mate) Black llilates in Five Moves

Ai.IALYSIS
If not for the blocked position
of his King, White would have
an easy win. Yet there is no way
to avoid the mate that results
once Black has placed a Rook
battery on the open Rook file.
t.
2.
3.
4.
DIAGRAIA 259 5. mate
lfiates in lhree Moves
whatever White does
mates in two more moves.
dso occurs when a Pawn
combines with a Rook
m the eighth rank There
inexorable about the
h Diagram 260.
DIAGRAA4 26I
BLACKBI'RNE SCHV/ARTZ
-
Berlin,1881
White Mates in Six Moves
ANALYSIS
Note the keys to a possible
Long Diagonal mate: a King un-
able to leave the comer of the
board; a Bishop controlling a
long diagonal; abattery of Rooks
on the KR flle ready to open the
file and then mate at R8. Black's
Long Diagonal Mates 161
Ifuight is in the way. It checks
White's King and, if the King
moves, the Black Knight still
protects the KRP. This would
prevent White's R X P to open
the KR file. The solution? Do
whatever is necessary to remove
that Knight! Then all Black can
do is to delay the mate a bit by
throwing away some material.
1.
2'
5.
6. mate
Want-to Play in an
International Chess
Tournament?
You too can play in a touma-
ment in which some contestants
are world-famous grandmaslsls.
They are called open tourna-
ments, a United States invention
that attracts hundreds of players
at a t'me, including some grand-
masters when the prizas are sub-
stantial. One of these stars usu-
ally wins, although there have
been some upsets. In 1975; for
example, an unknown player
named AIan Trefler suddenly be-
came a r*ognized master when
he tied for first in the New York
World Open ahead of a number
of internationally famous chess
162 Checkmatel
masters. It could happen to you
too!
Somehow United States open
events axe not as exciting as a
tnrly international Chess Con-
gess. The best known of thesg
dating back to the 1890s, is
played Christmas-New Year's
week at Hastings, Irngland. A
number of tournaments are
played conorrently, one for
each level of playtng abilitY.
Doing well in a lower rated event
means that next yeaf you will be
admitted 1s a higher rated tour-
nament. Given enough trips to
England and improvement in
your play, you work yourself up
to the Master?s Reserve Tourna-
ment, whose wioner gets into the
next Hastings International
IVlaster's Tournament. A dream?
Some of the greatest players in
chess history gained their first
important success at Hastings.
Most spectacular of all was the
first place won by Harry Nelson
Pillsbury of the United States in
1895. For the rest of his playing
career Pillsbury remained a chess
grant welcome at the most impor-
tant international grandmaster
tournaments. His popularity also
grew with his many successful
attacks leading to or threatening
checkmate. Long Diagonal mates
were one of his specialties, as he
demonstrated in a game that won
the brilliancy piza at a tourna-
ment in Monte Carlo in 1903.
DTAGRA'IJI 262
PILLSBT'RY
-
WOLF
Monte Carlo,1903
How Does White Threaten
Mate in Four?
AI\IAI,Y$S
This was the position after
Pillsbury's twenty-sixth move,
B X P! Consider his threats.
a. rf Blackplays 1. . . . . N X B;
2. R X Ncht and now:
... RP X & 3. R-
-2..
R4 and 4. R-R8 mate
BP X R;3. Q-
-2.....
B8 mate
-2.....K-B1;3.Q-R8
mate
b. Suppose Black doesn't take
the Bishop and tries for play
by 1. . . . . P-B6. White then
mates in four moves by:
(1) clearing the Rook file
(2) checking on it
(3) mating at R8
Given the first move, can you
see the rest of the attack? (Dia-
gram 262 vunth the Black Pawn
at QB6.)
4. mate
There is a curious posacrif,
to the story of Pillsbury's brril-
liancy pnze Bnme. In the p6itim
of Diagram 262 Wolf. playd,26.
R-N3 and Pillsbury wrm
f
with a second-best move. He
I
played 27. Q X R(N6), for b t
t
wins Rook and Pawn for a Bishq
after n,7. QXq X i o
BX RPch, N X B;29. R X Q. I
Yet Pillsbury could have tet I
his threatened mate alive it he
had answered26.... . R-I.I3
with 27. P-K6! The brilliancy
prize was awarded an5rway be
cause of the brilliancy of B X
P(N6) which led to Ddragram?$L
Long Diagonal mates lfte tbe
one Pillsbury threatened ht
failed to complete can be
attempted when three conditirm
are recoguized:
1. The enemy King cannd +
cape from the corner of the------_
board. This usually meanr
one of its own pieces is at Bl
and a Pawn atBz.
2. You have absolute contr,ol d
the long diagonal or its critical I
squares, such as N7 and R&
Such control is possible ssEa i
 Long Diagonal Mates 163

gram 262 wirh the Black Pawn when an enemy Bishop is

at QB6.) also on the diagonal but must
move back to its RL when you
1. B X RPch! check there with a Rook or a
2. Queen.
3. 3. You must control the flle
4. mate along which you will enter to
mate. This usually means you
is a curious postscript
There need a battery that permits
to the story of Pillsbury's bril- a sacrifice to open that file.
liancy prtze game. In the position The eight positions that follow
DIAGRATY1 262
of Diagram 262 Wolf. played 26. illustrate Long Diagonal mates.
PTLLSBURY WOLF
R-N3 and Pillsbury won Each involves some special se-
-
)Ionte Carlo,1903 with a second-best move. He quence of moves to open a file,
Eor Does White Threaten
played 27. Q X R(N6), for
he gain control of a diagonal, or
Mate in Four? wins Rook and Pawn for a Bishop force the final mate. Recognition
after 27. O X Q; 28. of the three basic conditions for
f\.{LYSIS BX RPch, N X B; 29. R X Q. a Long Diagonal mate should
Yet Pillsbury could have kept make them easy to solve.
This was the position after his threatened mate alive if he
PilLbur5's twenty-sixth move, had answered 26. R-N3
B :'l Pl Consider his threats. with 27. P-K6! The brilliancy
o- trf Blackplays 1. . . . . N X B; prize was awarded anyway be-
2. R X Nch! and now: cause of the brilliancy of B X
. . . RP X R; 3. R- P(N6) which led to Diagram 262.
-2..
R4 and 4. R R8 mate Long Diagonal mates like the
BP X R; 3. Q-
one Pillsbury threatened but
-?.B8 mate failed to complete can be
attempted when three conditions
K-81; 3. Q-R8
-Zmate arc reeogntzed:

b- Suppose Black doesn't take 1. The enemy King can:rot es-

the Bishop and tries for play
bi l. . . . . P-86. White then
mates in four moves by:
(1) clearing the Rook file
(2) checking on it
(3) mating at R8
Giren the first move, can you
sae rhe rest of the attack? (Dia-
DIAGRAM 263
cape from the corner of the
board. This usually means TARTAKOWER
-
VIDMAR
Vienna,1906
one of its own pieces is at B1
Vt/hite Mates in Two Moves
and a Pawn at 82.
2. You have absolute control of
the long diagonal or its critical A.NAI,YSIS
squares, such as N7 and R8. Tartakower was an outstand-
Such control is possible even ing grandmaster whose love of a
164 Checkmatel
good joke sometimes interfered
with his progress. He would play
a move like 1. N-KR3 to open
a game against a weaker oppo-
nenJ. Then, when his superior
skill led to victory, he would
claim his new opening idea had
made it possible. Tartakower
loved to attack and lost many
games when his joy in attacking
was not justified by his position.
He even seemed pleased when
he lost to a sound attack. In this
position he had a surprise ready
that his more serious opponent
did not enjoy-a lrcng Diagonal
mate aided by an advanced Pawn
at K6.
2. mate
DIAGRATYI 264
ALEKHINB STERK
- The three moves Black m:'tEs.
Badapest,l92l
White Moves and Black Resigrc
ANALYSIS
White already had a won
game, being a piece ahead. He
nailed it down with a simple
move that forced a Long Diag-
onal mate. All Black could then
do was to sacrifice his Queen
and Rooks in a series of "spite"
chects<hecks given to prolong
the game. Instead, Black re-
slgned after White's first move.
What was that move? What was
its unanswerable threat?
1-_----, with
to follow.
DIAGRAM 265
White Mates in lhree Moves
when Black Accepts
a Queen Sacrifice
ANALYSIS
Bishops should be placed on
the long diagonals when there is
an open Rook file and a loosened
enemy Pawn position near the
King. In this position White has
a battery on the open KR fle
and could mate if the long diqg-
onal were open-which rreu
the removal of the Pawn L
Black's KB3. A splendid QGGI
sacrifice does it!
PXQ
3. mate
-
DIAGRA}A 266
Black Mates in Thee Movtc
ANALYSIS
This type of Long Diagrd
mate depends on the fact -rrx a
Bishop pins the White IGP- E
is called the Mayet Mate- Wrrr'
must Black do to force a I dIE_
Diagonal mate?
a. open the Rook file
D. occupy the long diagod
c. mate at R8
achieve those objectives in tE
 Long Diagonal Mates 165

a battery on the open KR flle order. What is the only move that
ANALYSIS and could mate if the long diag- opens the Rook flle? Find that
White already had a won onal were open-which means and the rest is obvious!
gmte, being a Piece ahead. He the removal of the Pawn at 1. . . . .
Eiled it down with a simPle Black's KB3. A splendid Queen
Etre that forced a Long Diag- sacrifice does it!
oal mate. Atl Black could then PXQ
& was to sacrifice his Queen
lur Rooks in a series of "spite" 3. mate
chech<hecks given to Prolong
fu game. Instead, Black re-
dgned after White's first move.
What was that move? What was -
ils manswerable threat?
with
to follow.

DIAGRAM 267
BENZIGER HENNIG
-
GermanY,1932
Btack Mated in Four Moves
DIAGRAM 266
ANALYSIS
Black Mates in Three Moves
A Bishop on a long diagonal
must sometimes move closer to
AT{ALYSIs the enemy King to make a mate
This type of Long Diagonal possible. In this position it be-
DlAGRArvt 265
mate depends on the fact that a longs on KB7 to prevent escaPe
White Mates in Ihree Moves
Bishop pins the White KBP. It at White's KN3. The attack and
when Black Accepts
is called the Mayet Mate. What final mate ate common and
a Queen Sacrifice
must Black do to force a Long should be learned by every
Diagonal mate? player.
AI\ALY$S a. open the Rook fiIe 1 FKSch
Bishops should be placed on b. occupy the long diagonal 2 K-Ril
fte hag diagonals when there is c. mate at R8 White could have delayed the
ur qpcn Rook file and a loosened The three moves Black makes mate one move by plaYing 2.
ErE ry Pawn position near the achieve those objectives in that Q-B1.
rmg In this position White has
166 Checkmatel

2..... B-NBch And now mate in two folhffit

3. K-Rl because White?s Bishop at Q3
And now placing the Bishop prevents any move by Blactt
on its best square meant mate in KNP. How does White fore a
two. Rook to KRS?

3. aaaa

4. mate 4. mate

-
DIAGRAM 269
SPIELIVIANN _ HONLINGER
Vienru,7929
White lldate in Four Moves

AT.[ALY$S
Rudolf Spielmann, famous for
his ability to find and execute
sacrificeg worried his opponents
into playing cautiously. But Spiel- DIAGRAAA 270
mann could not always be denied BELSITZIVIAN RI'BINSTEIX
DIAGRAAA 268 and often found he could still -
Wqsat4I9U/
Black hfiates in Four Moves carry through mating attacks Black llrlates in lhree filrytt
when he placed his pieces on
AT{ALY$S open lines, Here his Bishops hold
AT{ALYflSI :

White's Queen is out of play the long diagonals. A mate may In this game Rubinst€in hd
be possible if he can: delayed casfling to gain comd
and cannot aid in the King's
of the long diagonals and prepue
defense. Black's goal is the open- a. clear the long diagonals
the opening of the KR file" Nr j
ing of the long diagonal, an aim b. open the Rook file
opening the file could mean milE
achieved by frst an exchange and c. get a Queen or Rook to But White could block the mroe
then a Queen sacrifice. The result KR8
after 1. . . . . P X P by 2. N>---.-
is the ideal Ircng Diagonal mate
by a Rook The attack begns with: Q5 dis ch, K-Ql; 3. BP X P.
supported by a
Rubinstein's solution was to ru.
Bishop.
1. N-K7ch! QXN
1.
2. If 1. . . . . K-Rl the continu-
3. ation would be unchanged.
4. mate 2.QXRPch! KxQ

hA
ein
* 1.
DIAGRAM 269
SPIELMANN HONLINGER
-
Vienna,1929
White IVIates in Four Moves
ANALYSN
Rudolf Spielmann, famous for
his ability to find and execute
sacrifices, worried his opponents
into playing cautiously. But Spiel-
Eann could not always be denied
and often found he could still
carry through mating attacks
when he placed his pieces on
open lines. Here his Bishops hold
the long diagonals. A mate may
Flty
be possible if he can:
lis
FD a. cleat the long diagonals
rnn b. open the Rook file
d c. get a Queen or Rook to
d KR8
ErC
The attack begins with:
Ja
1.N-K7ch! QXN
If 1. . . . . K-Rl the continu-
uion would be unchanged.
* 2.QXRPch! KXQ
And now mate in two follows
because White's Bishop at Q3
prevents any move by Black's
KNP. How does White force a
Rook to KRS?
4. mate
BBLSITZMAN RUBINSTEIN
-
'Warsmt,I9A7
Black IVIates in lhree Moves
ANALYSIS
In this game Rubinstein had
delayed castling to gain control
of the long diagonals and prepare
the opening of the KR file. Now
opening the file could mean mate.
But White could block the mate
after1.....PXPby2.N-
Q5 dis ch, K-Q1; 3. BP X P.
Rubinstein's solution was to sac-
Long DiagonalMates 167
rifice his Queen and then use a
double check to force the White
King back to N1 where a Rook
check meant mate. This attack
has won dozens of toumament
games in which similar oppor-
tunities arose.
aaaa
2.
3.
REMEMBER!
To achieve Long Diagonal
mates you must:
1. Gain control of the long di-
agonal or key squares on it.
2. Make certain the enemy King
is locked in its comer.
3. Find a way to get a Rook or
Queen to the mating square,
usually R8 where it is sup-
ported by a Bishop on the
loug diagonal.
4. Be ready to sacrifice to open
the file on which your Queen
or Rook will advance to mate.
This often requires a battery
on that file.
5. Watch for moves by your op-
ponent that create a hole in
his King position-the most
weakening often being P-
KN3 when there are also
Pawns at KB2 and KR2.

CHAPTER 15
The Greco and Damianlo Mates:
Typical Wins
Against an 0pen l{ing Position
Know Any Chess Prodigies?
A familiar scenario describes
the discovery of chess prodigies
and girls twelve or
-boys with incredible natural
younger
talent. The youngster learned to
play by watching others or from
a parent or an older brother or
sister. An accidental opportunity
results in victory over some ex-
perienced player. Excitement
follows and leads to a public per-
fornaance such as a game with an
established master. The prodigy
wins and is suddenly a local or
even a national hero. Paul
Morphy (United States), Samuel
Reshevsky (Poland and then the
United States), Jos6 Raoul Capa-
blanca (Cuba), Bobby Fischer
(United States), Arturito Pomar
(Spain), and Enrique Mecking
(Brazil) were all grandmasters
while still teen-agers. The prodi-
168
The G,
DIAGRAIA 27I
HOFFMAN PETROFF
-
Warsaw,1844
Black lUates in Four Moves
gies remain important as players
rather than as writers or theorists,
although all but Morphy, some- ANALYSIS
times working with collaborators, Petroff's target is White's tG:-
have produced books of their for his researches had tau-eht hir
games and perhaps some basic a typical mating attack based cn
instructional materials. Only the the open long diagonal and a:
first prodigy of modern times, open Rook file.
Alexander Petroft of Russia, St. L..... RXP!
Petersburg's best player at age 2.QXQ
ten in 1804, became a chess
theorist and scholar. He played White would be lost after l.
less as he grew older, immersing OXR,BXQch;3.KXB,
himself in chess theory and be- Q-N3ch; 4. K moves, Q ): P
ginning the Russian tradition of and5.....OXN.
intense analysis of openings and 2..,.. R-B4diScb
typical middle game positions. 3. K_R1 N-Nfth:
Petroff developed the Petroff De- 4.PXN R.-R4mate
fense (1. P-K4,P-K4; 2. N- For the Black Bishop prevea-
KB3, N-KB3), one of the most escape to KNl!
complex of all opening systems.
Among his interests was the at-
Petroff had found another wav
tack leading to checkmate when
to force a mating position firu
the enemy King position is
described by the early chess
open.
author Greco n 1,612. Called the

ilIates'
sition
Emain important as players
gth:n as rvriters or theorists,
EL aU but Morphy, some-
rcrking with collaborators,
poduced books of their
r and. perhaps some basic
Eticml materials. Only the
prodig.r of modern times,
der Petroff of Russia, St.
fue's best player at age
n. lS0-1, became a chess
ist and scholar. He played
o he -erew older, funmersing
:lf in chess theory and be-
E the Russian tradition of
r anal1-sis of openings and
rt midCle game positions.
fi developed the Petroff De-
(1. P-K4, P-K4; 2. N-
r*-KB3), one of the most
ler c.f all opening systems.
og his interests was the at-
le+dine to checkmate when
enem)- King position is
The Greco and Damiano Mates 169
Greco Mate, it depends on open-
ing the enemy King position by
the capture of the KBP, control-
ling the resulting open diagonal
with a Bishop and then mating on
an open Rook file when the
enemy King has been forced to
its Rl square. Greco's attacking
idea remains important today, es-
pecially with the tendency of so
many players to advance their
DIAGRAM 277 K-side Pawns in efforts to attack
HOFFMAN PBTROFF or to weaken an opponent's de-
-
'Worsaw,1844
fenses.
Black Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
Petroff's target is White's KBz,
for his researches had taught him
a typical mating attack based on
the open long diagonal and an
open Rook file.
1...... RXPI
2.QXQ
White would be lost aftet 2.
OXR,BXQch;3.KXB, DIAGRAAA 272
Q-N3ch; 4.Kmoves,QXP Tne Gnsco MArE l6L2
and5.....OXN.
- Moves
White Mates in Three
2..... R-B4disch ANALYSH
3. K-R1 N-N6ch!
The immediate attack bY 1.
4.PXN R-R.4mate
Q X Nch, K-Bl; 2. Q-R8ch,
For the Black BishoP Prevents K-K2;3. Q X P would win.
escape to KN1! But instead there is a mate in
three moves-by opening the di-
Petroff had found another waY agonal for the white-squared
Bishop, forcing the Black King
to force a mating Position first
described by the earlY chess to its Rl, opening the Rook file
author Greco n 1612. Called the with a sacrifice, and then mating
170 Clrcckmate! The Grecc
with the Queen. Find the con- ANALYSIS White's possible replies to this
tinuation after: Black is mated, his King check permits mate.
1. QX Pch K-R1 trapped whether it is at 81, Nl, L. . .. .
2. or Rl. We examined such posi- 2._ mate
I

3. mate tions briefly in our study of mate

Open lines around the enemy
with a Rook and a Bishop, but
the general necessity to sacrifice
Kiog permit the occupation of
to force such a position calls for
flles, diagonals, and key squares
near the King. Several standard
further examination of winning
methods.
mating attacks then become pos- r
sible. They are successful when
the opponent lacks defenders
that can otherwise interpose or
protect the mating square. The
Greco Mate in its several forms
-{\
depends on control of a diagonal S
DIAGRAM 275
after the opponent's KBP has LrEr.

been advanced or removed. Then, KOLTANOWSKI MEYERS .=l

-
Blindlold Exhibition, i!\-
with the enemy King forced to its Sacramento,l94l \1--l
r'f _
R1, a sacriflce or a direct attack
IVhite Mates in TSo Moves B"
on the open file leads to mate.
KBz can be controlled (cutting K--
ANALYSIS
oft escape) along the long diag- DIAGRAM 274

onal or from KN6. Diagram 273
illustrates a final resulting posi-
tion.
DIAGRAM 273
DARSNIEK RAKITIN
-
Riga,1975
Black Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
A player unaware of mating
patterns would play 1.
B X N? But there is a mating
threat by . R-Q8 if the
White Queen can be forced to
give up its protection of Q1. A
check against a King that is in
the open and lacks escape squares
will have to be met by a capture
or an interposition. Each of
The typical Greco Mate posi- :E:
tion is easy to rc*ognu,e and ex- Eli
ploit. The enemy King is forced L,u'-ul
to R1; your Bishop controls the -i3:-
open diagonal, preventing escape
by the King to Nl; the KR flle 1
is opened and a Queen or Rook l
checks and mates along it. Prob- i'
lem: how do you force that f,le
open? Answer: sacrifice! )i
mate
\al
1- -t-
r -'l- l.

.{\.\LYSIS
Black is mated, his King
rapped whether it is at 81, N1,
cr R1. We examined such posi-
tions briefly in our study of mate
x-ith a Rook and a Bishop, but
the -general necessity to sacrifice
to force such a position calls for
funher examination of winning
raeihods.
t
DIAGRAM 274
I D.\RSNIEK RAKITIN
-
Riga,1975
Black Mates in Trvo Moves
r\.{LYSIS
A player unaware of mating
FrEerns would plaY 1.
tli:at by . . R-Q8 if the
\\hite Queen can be forced to
er.: up its protection of Ql. A
check against a King that is in
the open and lacks escape squares
will have to be met by a capture
or an interposition. Each of
White's possible replies to this
check permits mate.
1. aaaa
2-
DIAGRAM 275
KOLTANOWSKI MEYERS
-
Blindlold Exhibition,
Sacramento,l94l
White Mates in Tlvo Moves
AI{ALYSIS
The typical Greco Mate posi-
tion is easy to rc*ogov;e and ex-
ploit. The enemy King is forced
to R1; your Bishop controls the
open diagonal, preventing escape
by the King to N1; the KR file
is opened and a Queen or Rook
checks and mates along it. Prob-
lem: how do you force that flle
open? Answer: sacriflce!
1.
mate
2.
The'Greco and Damiano Mates t7l
mate
DIAGRAM 276
Forcing the Greco Mate
ANALYSIS
Sometimes a Greco Mate must
begrn by opening the long diag-
onal to the opponent's KB2 and
KN1. This position is tyPical.
White can mate in four bY 1.
B X Pch, R X B;2. Q X Rch,
K-R1; 3. Q-K8ch, B-BL;
4. Q X B mate. But the mate
can also be accomplished in three
moves after 1. B X Pch, K-Rl.
Look at Diagram 275 to see the
method.
1. BX Pch K-R1
2.
3. mate
Note again the method of
forcing the mate. Check to make
certain your oPPonent's King
lacks escape squares. Be certain
you control the long diagonal
with a Bishop to keeP the King
locked in at its R1. Be certain
172 Checkmate!
you can open the Rook file and
can then check and mate along
ir.
DIAGRAM 277
MARDLE
-
GAPRINDASITVILI
Hastings,1975
Black Mates in Tlvo Moves
AN^A.LYSIS
Nona Gaprindashvili, the best
woman player in the world, is
the equal of many male grand-
masters. Beginning as a prodigy,
she quickly advanced in playing
strength. Most of her play has
been in matches against other
women seeking to capture her
title. When she plays in tourna-
ments with male masters and
grandmasters she does much bet-
ter than Vera Menchik ever did.
There is no Gaprindashvili Club
as there was a Menchik Club,
partly because of her known abil-
ity and perhaps because it is at
last recognized that women giv-
ing equal time and devotion to
chess can master it as well as men
can. In this game she had per-
mitted the capture of her KR.
Instead of recapturing at her
KBl, she played a second sacri-
fice that forced a Greco Mate.
2. mate
DIAGRAAA 278
Black Mates in Three Moyes
ANAI,YS$
The opening of the enemy
King position can also occur as
the final move of a mating at-
tack. Examine this position. It
will be transformed into that
of Diagram 273 by a surprise
Bishop move following two sacri-
fices. The first move is the key,
opening the path for the Queen
sacrifice so common in achieving
the Greco Mate.
1.
2.
J. mate
TI'c (
DIAGRAM 279
TnB DavuANo Mam
White Mates in Two Mores
ANALYSIS
Given the advantage of a
Queen and a Bishop, as in tL;"
position by the Italian plal-er
Damiano in his L5l2 treatise on
chess, any player should be able
to mate quickly. Mate in rwo
moves is possible here by 1. G-
N4, Q-N6, Q-87 or Q{-5
and then 2. Q X NP mate. Bur
Damiano, illustrating a general
attacking idea, preferred the rna:e
by 1. Q X Pch, K-N1 (for rt:
Bishop pins the NP); 2. Q ).: P
mate. The general attack ba.e3
upon such a pin and endi-n5 i:
mate is called the Damiano \1s:e"
His analysis is further elabora-=i
in Diagram 280.
 The Greco and Damiano Mates 173

carr. In this game she had Per-

miceC the capture of her KR.
lnsead of recapturing at her
ffiI" she played a second sacri-
6ce t-b.at forced a Greco Mate.

1. a.aa

1 mate

DIAGRAM 279 DIAGRAM 280

Trs DNVTIANo Mate Yflhite to PlaY

DIAGRAA4 278
Black llates in Three Moves
f,\-{LYSIs
The opening of the enemy
Ki"g position can also occur as
th fixat move of a mating at-
trrck. Eramine this Position. It
filI be transformed into that
cf Diagram 273 bY
Bishcp move following two sacri-
fo€s. The first move is the keY,
opeaLng the path for the Queen
sagrilce so common in achieving
tbe Greco Mate.
l. aaaa
3:
IVhite Mates in Tko Moves
ANALYSIS
Given the advantage of a
Queen and a Bishop, as in this
position by the Italian Player
Damiano in his t5l2 treatise on
chess, any player should be able
to mate quickly. Mate in two
moves is possible here by 1. Q-
N4, Q-N6, Q-87 or Q-Q5
and then 2. Q X NP mate. But
Damiano, illustrating a general
attacking idea, preferred the mate
by 1. Q X Pch, K-Nl (for the
Bishop pins the NP); 2. Q X P
mate. The general attack based
a surPrise upon such a pin and ending in
mate is called the Damiano Mate.
His analysis is further elaborated
in Diagram 280.
mate
Mates in Three Moves
and Black to Play
Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
White to PlaY:g1is is one of
the most common mating pro-
cedures in chess. The Black King
position is open and lacks de-
fenders. The mate occurs on
Black's l<BZ after a discovered
check by the BishoP and two
Queen moves. To what square
must the BishoP move to suP-
port the mate on White's B7?
1.
)
3. mate
Black to Play-Black plays 1.
.. .. Q-K6ch.
a. lf. 2. R-82, R X Pch; 3.
K-Rl, Q-K8ch; 4. R-BL,
Q X Rmate
b. If.2. K-R2, R X NPch; 3.
K-Rl, R-N5 dis ch; 4. K-
174 Checkmate!
The Gre
R2, Q-N6 mate. (or 3.
3. R-R4ch K-N2 T
R-N8 dbl ch; 4. K-R2, 4. R-R7 mate 1.
Q-N6 mate).
tr
c. Now review the Damiano Black had another defense tr
Mate suggestion in Diagram which would have delayed the E
279. Then find the mate if: mate. T
1. Q-K6ch d
2. K-R1 1. N-K7ch K-Rl h
3. 2. R-N4 N_83 L,
4. mate 3. R-R4ch N-R4
4. RXNch B-Rit
Consider this chapter an in- DIAGRAM 28I
5. RXBch K-N2
troduction to the five chapters SANTASIERE
-
GABLE 6. R-R7 mate
Buffalo,1956
that follow, all of which will ex-
amine the use of sacrifices to YYhite Mated in Four Moves Such open King positions can
force an enemy King to a square ANALYSN be a proper source of joy-for
where, its escape cut off and its the attacker!
Anthony E. Santasiere became
defenders pinned or absent, it is
a chess star as a teen-ager and
mated. The preliminary to any remained a leading American
mating attack is familiarity with master for forty years. An accom-
basic mating positions. The tac- plished painter, poet, and musi-
tics needed to achieve these posi- cian, he preferred to be known
tions can be learned, for most of as a chess romantic, one who
them involve the opening of lines urges others to play daringly and
that make a King vulnerable to to attack with joy. He did so him-
attack. The positions that follow self in this game, one of his
illustrate some of the ways play- scores of brilliant wins.
ers have achieved such basic The mate depends on the
mates as the Greco and the Dam- power of the White Pawn at N6.
iano, in each case utilizing open Like a Bishop it interdicts
lines or forcing them open while DTAGRAM 282
Black's escape to his KR2 or
controlling escape squares. KBz. Santasiere saw that the en- MENCHIK THOMAS
-
London,1932 i
try of his Rook into Black's posi-
Vflhite Mates in Three Moves l"
tion would lead to mate.
\1
1. N-K7ch K-R1 ANALYSIS g
2. R-N4! B-83
Sometimes even strong playen <n
Black tries to create an escape
become so involved with their is
square for his King at N2. But
own attacking plans that they fail R
mate follows anyway.
to see simple threats. Sir George }1
 The'Greco and Damiano Mates 175

3. R-R4ch K-Nz Thomas, long one of England's

4. R-R7 mate leading masters, had dreams of
mating on the QR file. Mean-
Black had another defense while Miss Menchik's Queen and
which would have delaYed the KBP threatened mate at KN7.
mate. Thomas defended with R-N1,
and was suddenly lost. His King
1. N-K7ch K-R1 has no escape squares against a
2. R-N4 N-83 check on the open R file!
3. R-R4ch N-R4
1.
4. RXNch B-R:}
2.
DIAGRAM 28I 5. RXBch K-N2 mate
3.
SL\T.{SIERE GABLE 6. R-R7 mate
-
Bufialo,1956
ffie ltated in Four Moves Such open King positions can
LTLYSIS
be a proper source of joY-for
the attacker!
Amhon)' E. Santasiere became
fus star as a teen-ager and
mined a leading American
ffi f .rr forty years. An accom-
M painter, poet, and musi-
q he preferred to be known
a chsss romantic, one who
lEs L1-.hers to play daringly and
rtr-ck g'ith joy. He did so him- DIAGRAM 283
t in tiris -qame, one of his TRYLSKI ZALEWSKI
res o: briliant wins. -
'Warsaw,1974
The mate depends on the White Mates in Three Moves
ryer oi the White Pawn at N6.
kE a Bishop it interdicts DIAGRAM 282 ANALYSIS
rcks escape to his KR2 or Black has committed two se-
MENCHIK THOMAS
12- Santasiere saw that the en- -
London,1932
. of his Rook into Black's posi-
rious errors. He has advanced his
VYhite Mates in Three Moves KBP to open the diagonal for
n s'odd lcad to mate.
White's Bishop; he has concen-
I. \-K7ch K-R.1 ANALYSIS trated his forces on the Queen
1_ R-\{: B-83 Sometimes even strong players side when his opponent's strength
Black tries to create an escape become so involved with their is on the King side. With White's
sar: for his King at N2. But own attacking plans that they fail Rook on its thfud rank, a Greco
rte f.-rilows anyway. to see simple threats. Sir George Mate is quickly forced.
 176 Checkmate! The Grec

Remember!-with the Bishop 1. R-B8ch K-N2 player of his time. Yet he too fell Ci^:
controlling the diagonal, sacri- 2. R-NBch K-R3 victim to standard attacks when fi.;
fice and then mate on the Rook For White's Bishop controls he opened lines to his King po-
file! Black's QB2. sition. In this game a British
1. grandmaster forced a mate "from
3. B-Q2!
2. the rear," driving Alekhine's
3. mate Now the threat is 4. P-NSch! King to KR3 where it no longer
3 R-N6ch had any escape squares.
', 4. K-82 Resigns 1. ...
Why? AII Black can try is 4. 2.
P-N4. How does White 3. mate
then mate in two more moves?
5.
6. mate

DlAGRAlvt 284
A. KARPOV A. POMAR
-
U.S.S.R. vs. Spain, DIAGRAM 286
$
Nice Olympiad,1974
TSCHEPURNOFF APSCHE\EEK
White Mates in Six Moves -
Paris,1924
Black Mates in Three Moves FJ

ANALYSIS &,a
Spanish chess fans hoped their DTAGRAA,I 285 ANALYSIS Th
onetime prodigy would beat the ALEKHINE YATES
Given open lines for attack
Tr\l
young Russian grandmaster who -
Carlsbad,1923 n] :
and sacrffice (the KN file, Bishops
one year later was declared world Black Mates in Three Moves D:
on the long diagonals), all Black rl
champion by the FIDE. Although -..
:-,I:.i
needs is the correct sequence ot
a Pawn ahead, Pomar is lost in ANALYSIS
moves. He finds a Queen sacri-
this position because his King is Alexander Alekhine, Russian fice leadingto a Greco Mate that
*.t
exposed. Karpov wins by forcing chess prodigy who at fitteen also utilizes Damiano's idea of a
a:
the Black King to R3, where it began a tournament career that pinned piece at N2. Obviousll', d-_K

lacks escape squares and cannot led to the world championship, the Black Knight must be sacri-
avoid mate. was the most successful attacking flced along the way to open the
 The'Greco and Damiano Mates 177

l-B8ch K-N2 player of his time. Yet he too fell diagonal. Try the Queen sacri-
t-li8ch K-R3 victim to standard attacks when fice first.
White's Bishop controls he opened lines to his King Po- 1. aaaa

r QB2. sition. In this game a British 2.

grandmaster forced a mate "from 3. mate
}.*q2! the tear," driving Alekhine's
r &e threat is 4. P-N5ch! King to KR3 where it no longer
had any escape squares.
1.
/? All Black can try is 4. 2.
P-)i4. How does White 3. mate
gte in two more moves?

mate

DIAGRAM 287
ERNSTEEN BERCHEM
-
Hollond,1975
White Mates in Seven Moves

. DlAGRAlvl 285
-ALEE{INE YATES
-
Carlsbad,l923
* llates in Three Moves
LYSIS
xander Alekhine, Russian
podigy who at flfteen
a tournament career that
r the world championtHp,
E most successful attacking
DIAGRAM 286
TSCHEPURNOFF _ APSCHENEEK
Paris,1924
Black Mates in lhree Moves
ANALYSIS
Given open lines for attack
and sacriflce (the KN flle, BishoPs
on the long diagonals), all Black
needs is the correct sequence of
moves. He finds a Queen sacri-
fice leading to a Greco Mate that
also utilizes Damiano's idea of a
pinned piece at N2. ObviouslY,
the Black Knight must be sacri-
ficed along the waY to oPen the
ANALYSIS
The chessboard itself seems to
dictate moves to Prodigies even
when they do not know the
theory that calls for such moves.
This intuitive recognition of win-
ning lines marks the truly talented
player. In this game a rising
Dutch star automaticallY sacri-
fices his Queen, for his oppo-
nent's King will then stand naked
against two Roots, a BishoP, ffid
a strong Pawn. Mate must lie
ahead!
1. Q X Nchl KXQ
2. R(l)-Bfth K-R4
 TheGrot
178 Checkmate!
a file, with mate usuallY B
On 2. K-N4; 3. R- "chess machine." The Cuban on .
achieved through invasion
N7ch, K-R4; 4. B-N4 mate made few errors, playrng logically the flle. E
to tum small advantages into Exchanges and sacrifices r
3.R-BSch K-N3 winning attacks. Here he en- should be considered to re- E
4.R(B7)-B6ch K-IUZ visioned a standard mate by Rook move defenders when the en- I
and Bishop based on the removal emy King position is oPen. d
If 4. K-N2; 5. R- of a defender.
N5ch, K-R2; 6. B-85 mate.
Now White mates in three 1. B--Q3ch K-R3
more moves, his win based on
forcing the Black King to its R2 1. . . . . P-84 would have held
where it is mated by a Bishop. out longer, but would still lose
after 2. B X Pch! The analysis
is too complex to be considered
hers, but play through this pos-
7. mate sible line: 1. B-Q3ch, P-B4;
B X Pch, K-B3; 3. R-B7,
2.
Q-N5; 4. R-85!, P X R; 5.
Q X N mate.
2. R-87 R-R8ch
3. K-N2 Q-Q3
4. QXNch Resigns

For on 4. . .. . Q X Q; R X
P mate. Problem: How does
White mate in two after 4. Q X
Nch, K-R4?

5._
DIAGRAM 288 6. mate
CAPABLANCA _
EMANUEL LASKER
Havana,1921
(W orld Championship Mat ch) REMEMBER!
White's Attack Led to ll{ate 1. The Greco and Damiano
in Six Moves mates are examples of attacks
possible against an open King
ANALYSIS position that lacks defenders.
Capablanca, from his early Such mates require that you
days as a prodigy, was called a gain control of a diagonal and
 The'Greco and Damiano Mates 179

a file, with mate usuallY But do not attempt sacrifices

"chess machine." The Cuban achieved through invasion on unless you recognize & tYPical
I
. made few errors, playing logically the file. mating position to follow,
to tum small advantages into 2. Exchanges and sacrifices with your pieces then control-
B winning attacks. Here he en- to ling possible escape squares
should be considered re-
t2 visioned a standard mate by Rook and open lines available for
move defenders when the en-
and Bishop based on the removal emy King position is open. the entry of your pieces.
I
of a defender.
D

IGC 1. B-Q3ch K-R3

C
VL l. . . . . P-B4 would have held
out longer, but would still lose
after 2. B X Pch! The analysis
is too complex to be considered
here, but play through this pos-
sible line: 1. B-Q3ch, P-B4;
2. BX Pch, K-B3; 3. R-87,
fN5; 4. R-B5!, P X R; 5.
Q X N mate.
2. R-87 R-R8ch
3. K-N2 Q-Q3
4. QXNch Resigns

For on 4. . .. . O X Q; R X
P mate. Problem: How does
White mate in two after 4. Q X
Nch, K-R4?
).
6. mate

REMEMBER!
1. The Greco and Damiano
mates are examples of attacks
possible against an open King
position that lacks defenders.
d, Such mates require that you
le gain control of a diagonal and
 The llcjc :

l9rlr

CHAPTER 16 r'-_r
\i:,

The Magic of the llouble Check

DIAGRAM 290

TERM IO KNOW
Double check-Attocking o King
witli two pieces qt the some
time, tlius forcing it to move,
for it is impossible to moke ony
single move thot will interpose
ogoinsi two checks or q move
lhot coptures two pieces.
ANALYSIS Ther
double chects in the early part of Black is checkmated. There is I.
a game. In these cases Rook and no escape on Black's first rank I
Bishop combine to mate. or to Black's Q2. The White
Bishop supports the Rook and fl
also prev*tr .r.upe :h=
- to Black's
K2. BLb

The double check is one of

the most effective weapons in
chess. It forces an attacked King
to move.If that King lacks an es-
cape square, then the double
check mates it. Since the double
check usually means the control DTAGMAT 289
S:
of several squares near the King
its escape is limited-often to AI\ALYSN
r-:
only one square. If one of the
.

Black is checkmated. There is :o;

two pieces that were involved in no escape from the check by DIAGRAM 291 il-r
the double check can then attack White's Bishop, for it controls Vlihite Mates in Three Moves r.:-r€
the King while supported by the the diagonal to Black's QN3. At
Qf:--:
other piece, mate may and often the same time the White Rook at ANALYSIS i-!E:
does result. Diagrams 289 and Ql supports the Bishop while This is the typical mating po. Bbc
290 illustrate the final mate posi- preventing escape on the open sition that can lead to the mates q-i'i:
tions most often reached after Queen file. examined in Diagrams 289 and :":;.rl
180

Dheck
fuks in the early part of
In these cases Rook and
l,
csnbias to mate.
DlAGnAm 289
s6
k is checkmated. There is
lpc from the check by
t Bishop, for it controls
Fat to Black's QN3. At
E ^' e the White Rook at
Ftrts the Bishop while
bg escape on the open
Ec.
The Magic of the Double
DIAGRAM 290
ANALYSIS
Black is checkmated. There is
no escape on Black's flrst rank
or to Black's Q2. The White
Bishop supports the Rook and
also prevents escape to Black's
K2.
DIAGRAM 29I
White Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
This is the typical mating po-
sition that can lead to the mates
examined in Diagrams 289 and
Check 181
290. Black has wasted time
snatching at Pawns while White
prepared for his mating attack.
Note White's advantages:
1. He controls the open Queen
f,le.
2. His Queen, Bishop, and Rook
are on that file.
3. He will have a double check
followed by mate if he can
force Black's King to its Q1.
Therefore:
1. Q-Q8ch! KXQ
2. B-NSch
This is the desired double
check-by the Rook and by the
Bishop.
2. .... tri-82
3. B-QB mate (as in Dia-
gram 289)
or:
2..... K-K1
3. R-Q8 mate (as in Dia-
gram 290)
Such double checks occur of-
ten, and become effective in forc-
ing mates when you know how
to use them. Here is a short
game that illustrates the effective
use of double checks to force a
quick win. It is a variation of the
opening called the Giuoco Piano.
Black's error is his fourth move,
which permits a killing invasion
by White's Queen.
182 Checkmate! The )
1. P-K4 P-K4 win Black's Queen. Is there Knight supports the Queen; the
2. N_IG3 N-QB3 anything better? White Bishop supports IN:
3. B-84 B-B4 3. NX RP will be a double Knight. Double checks hai'e I-
ICu-:
4. P-Q3 KN-K2? check by Bishop and Ituight. to mate.
5. N-N5 0-'o The Black King will then have
6. Q-Rs! to move. It can go to RL or
Suddenly White threatens mate R2. But then N-B7 will
either be a double check (if Adolf lnflsrsssn-
by 7. Q X RP. He also attacks Master of the Double Check
the Black KBP three times. Black Black's King is at its Rl) or
must defend against the mate a discovered check (if Black's The idea of matching the
first. King is at its R2). In either world's best players in interra-
case the Black King will be tional tournaments did not rake
6..... p_I(f,s
forced back to its N1 and the hold until 1851, when the fir>r
7.NXP Q-Kl Rook file will be open for a such event in London was xon
matel by Adolf Anderssen of Germanr.
Anderssen (1818-79) u'as ;he
8. N X RP dbl ch K-R1 most brilliant attackins pla; er
or
of the middle 1800s, his superi-
K_R2
ority unchallenged until he lLrr
9. N-87 dbl ch K-NL a match to Paul Morphy in 1858.
(or just ch if the
Among the early giants of chgsr
Black King is at R2)
Anderssen seemed invincible :o
10. Q-R8 mate
his lesser opponents because he
so often produced sudden atta--hs
leading to smashing victories. He
succeeded because of his supsnor
DIAGRAM 292
comprehension of chess strarir;
and his ability to prepare pc-=i-
Black tries to save his pieces.
tions based on mating paiie=s
On7. R. X N; 8. Q X Rch
such as those you have been er-
would have permitted White to
gain a Rook and a Pawn for a amining in this book. One oi :*:
Knight-a decisive advantage.
most memorable wins has ioi::;
Now let's follow White's the small list of chess S,r-:s
calied "immortal" by chess RTt:-
thoughts as he plans his finish.
ers. It occurred in a game pla-;ei
1. Any move by the Knight at DIAGRAITA 293
against Dufresne in Berlil. 18-<3.
KB7 will discover a check by Anderssen had just sacrii--ed a
the Bishop at 84. There it is. The Black King Queen and a Rook to oblei''r
2. This means N-Q6 dis ch can has no escape squares. The White this position:
 The Mogic ol the Double Check 183

win Black's Queen. Is there Knight supports the Queen; the

anything better?
)i X RP will be a double
check by BishoP and Knight.
The Black King will then have
to move. It can go to R1 or
C R2. But then N-87 will
s either be a double check (if
k Black's King is at its RL) or
3 a discovered check (if Black's
King is at its R2). In either
case the Black King will be
White Bishop supports the
Knight. Double checks have led
to mate.
AdoU Anderssen-
Moster of the Double Check
The idea of matching the
world's best players in interna-
tional tournaments did not take DIAGRAAA 294

forced back to its NL and the hold until 1851, when the flrst White Mates in Three Moves
Rook file will be oPen for a such event in London was won
mate! by Adolf Anderssen of Germany. ANALYSIS
Anderssen (1818-79) was the The double check was one of
8. N X RP dbl ch K-R'l most brilliant attacking player Anderssen's favorite weaPons
ff-o of the middle 1800s, his superi-
ority unchallenged until he lost
and he had prepared for it in this
position. Black threatens mate in
9. N-B7 dbl ch K-Nl. a match to Paul Morphy in 1858. one move at his KN7, but White
(or just ch if the
Black King is at R2)
Among the early giants of chess, wins because his Rook and
Anderssen seemed invincible to Bishop on the open Queen fl[e
10. fRB mate
his lesser opponents because he can deliver a double check. An-
so often produced sudden attacks derssen played:
leading to smashing victories. He
succeeded because of his superior 1. B-85 dbl ch
comprehension of chess strategy
a. Double check forces a King
and his ability to prepare posi-
& move. If Black plays 1. . . . .
tions based on mating patterns
fi such as those you have been ex-
K-83, how does White mate
r0 in one more move?
amining in this book. One of his
i most memorable wins has joined 2. mate

ig
the small list of chess games b. Black therefore played 1. . . . .
calied "immortal" by chess writ- K-K1. Now White mates in
ers. It occurred in a game played - more moves. Note the
two
u DTAGRAAA 293
against Dufresne in Berlin, 1853. Bishop at QR3.
IT Anderssen had just sacrfficed a
There it is. The Black King Queen and a Rook to obtain 2.
has a6 escape squares. The White this position: 3. mate
184 Checkmate!
In the end Anderssen mated
with two supported Bishops. A
double check had forced his op-
ponent's King to a square where
one of the standard mates became
possible. This happens often in
double check positions. For ex-
ample, the mate with Rook and
Bishop illustrated in Diagram
290 is common and easy to carry
through once its possibility
recognized.
DIAGRAM 295
KOLISCH _ MACSZUSCKY
Paris,1864
Vflhite Mates in Three Moves
ANALY$S
Again we have an open file
containing Queen, Bishop, and
Rook. Black's King is still at its
Kl. If it can be forced to its Ql,
then a double check would take
us right into the position of Dia-
gram 290. The only way to get
that King to its Ql is to play as
Kolisch did:
The Jlr
1. Q--Q8ch KXQ
And now double check fol-
lowed by mate!
2.
3. mate
You can execute such double
check mating attacks if you rec-
ogntze, the basic conditions that
is permit them. A file (and some-
DIAGRAM 296
times a diagonal) must be open.
SCIIULTEN HORWITZ
The enemy King must be on that -
London,1846
file (or diagonal), or you must
Black Mates in Three Moves
have a sacrifice that can force it
there. Then you move one piece
.A,NALYSIS
to a squaxe where it checks,
meanwhile uncovering a second a. The key file is the KB f,le.
check by your other piece. The b. Black wants to force the Black
two checking pieces must at this Kirg to its KB, placin-e it ar.
time be able to co-ordinate their the key file.
attack on a single square adja- c. The only way to do that is ic
cent to the enemy King-on sacrifice the Black Queen.
which one of the two checking d. Then a Bishop move b,-
pieces then mates while being Black leads to a double ch=.--<
supported by the other. that controls the ma:.-::
Let's apply these conditions to square-K88.
two positions in which a double l Q-B8ch
check led to mate. 2 KXQ
3. mate
-
 The Magic ol the Double Check

d 1. Q-Q8ch KXQ
A And now double check fol-
P loq ed by mate!
E
)
le 3. mate
ia
r-
rd
You can execute such double
tr!
c-r:ck mating attacks if you rec-
r.T
o_erize the basic conditions that
to
permit them. A file (and some-
DIAGRA,IA 296 DIAGRAAA 297
dmes a diagonal) must be open.
SCITULTEN _ HORWITZ KOLTANOWSKI DUNKELBLUM
The enemy King must be on that -
Antwerp,1931
London,1846
fi.le (or diagonal), or you must
Black Mates in Three Moves White Mates in Three Moves
have a sacrifice that can force it
there. Then you move one piece
ANALYSIS ANAI,YSIS
to a s$tare where it checks,
meanwhile uncovering a second a. The key file is the KB file. Here is our typical mate again.
chrck by your other Piece. The b. Black wants to force the Black a. The key file is the Queen file.
Kirrg to its KB, placing it on
two checking pieces must at this b. A sacrifice forces the Black
time be able to co-ordinate their the key file.
King to that file.
a:lack on a singls square adja- c. The only way to do that is to c. A double check follows, and
cer.t to the enemy King-on sacriflce the Black Queen.
permits mate by the White
wrich one of the two checking d. Then a Bishop move by
Rook.
pieces then mates while being Black leads to a double check
-rrpported by the other.
that controls the mating If you see the pattern then you
Let's apply these conditions to square-KB8. should find the mate in seconds!
two positions in which a double Q-B8ch
1.
check led to mate.
2.
mate
3. mate
Ee
d
its
For Those llho Want
I, Something Different!
kE
# None of it is especially recom-
H mended, but you ought at least to
G5 be familiar with some of the aber-
rations of chess that seem to
186 Checkmatel
make some players happy. Per-
haps because they are bored with
the normal game and perhaps be-
cause they enjoy self-torture,
some players turn to two-move
chess. Each player makes two
moves at a time-unless the first
of them is a check, in which case
it alone is permitted. Others like
a variety often called "put and
take." Any captured piece must
at once be placed somewhere on
the board, the only restriction
being that Bishops must remain
on opposite colored squares.
Some weird positions result, such
as a King so surrounded by its
own Pawns that a smothered
mate may fini5h the game. The
variations of speed chess seem
most likely to destroy the sense
of concentration that leads to
success in the normal game. First
there is "blitz" chess, in which
players must move in a second.
Then there is two-minute and
three-minute chess played with
a clock that soon succumbs to
the pounding it receives. Five-
minute speed chess is popular in
Europe, each player having that
much time on his clock. One ot
the variations made popular at
New York's Manhattan Chess
Club requires a special clock. It
sounds a buzzet every ten sec-
onds, followed by a bell three
seconds later. If a player has not
moved between the btzzer and
the bell, he forfeits.
Herman Helms, chess jour-
nalist for more than seventy years
and known as the dean of Ameri-
can chess, was an inveterate
speed player. He was one of the
most practiced users of the Man-
hattan Chess Club's special clock.
One of his favorite opponents,
a master like Helms, was the
beloved Oscar Tenner, who for
years gathered a crowd of on-
lookers whenever he played his
favorite rapid transit games. Dia-
$am 298 is the critical position
in one of the ten-second games
between Helms and Tenner.
Helms, then approaching eighty,
saw the possibility of a mate
based on a double check. He
electrffied his audience and
placed another incredible win in
chess history.
DIAGRAM 298
HELMS TENNER
-
New York,1942
White Mates in Tlyo Moves
Tfu
ANALYSIS
Black threatens to take \\hite'
Queen. White not only allows i
but forces it by 1. N X QP di
ch. Then, after L. . . . . N X Q
2. N-ts6 mate! Examine rh,
flnal position:
a. The Black King is checked b,;
a Knight and a Bishop. -r
double check means the Ktcr
must move.
D. But the King cannot move
The White Bishop at R3 cor
off escape to KBl or K2!
Suppose Tenner had not takei
the Queen. How would \\t-hr
have mated on L. . . . . N-Ki?
2. mate
-
DIAGRAM 299
MEEK AMATEL-R.
-
Mobile,lB59
White Mates in One lllore

hrnan Helms, chess jour-
* for more than seventy years
hown as the dean of Ameri-
chess, was an inveterate
d player. He was one of the
t practiced users of the Man-
m Ctess Club's special clock.
r ofi his favorite opponents,
Eer like Helms, was the
rcd Oscar Tenner, who for
r gathered a crowd of on-
m whenever he played his
rite rapid transit games. Dia-
n 298 is the critical position
rc of the ten-second games
rGeo Helns and Tenner.
ns, then approaching eighty,
tre possibility of a mate
d on a double check. He
trifi€d his audience and
rd another incredible win in
s history.
DIAGRAM 298
EELMS TENNER
-
l{ew York,1942
FEe Itlates in Tlvo Moves
The Magic
ANALYSIS
Black threatens to take White's
Queen. White not only allows it
but forces it by 1. N X QP dis
ch. Then, after 1. . . . . N X Q;
2. N-B6 mate! Examine the
final position:
a. The Black King is checked by
a Knight and a Bishop. A
double check means the King
must move.
D. But the King cannot move.
The White Bishop at R3 cuts
off escape to KBl or K2!
Suppose Tenner had not taken
the Queen. How would White
have mated on 1.. N-K3?
2. mate
DIAGRAM 299
MEEK AMATEUR
-
Mobile,lB59
Iilhite Mates in One Move
ol the Double Check 187
ANALYSN
Mates by a Knight and a sec-
ond piece (Queen, Rook, or
Bishop) are most common in the
opening when the enemy King is
still at its Kl and the King fi.le is
open. This is a typicaL example.
Although the White Queen is
attacked, it cannot be captured
if White plays a Knight move
resulting in a double check. The
only problem is to decide the
square on which the Knight not
only checks but also prevents the
escape of the Black King to its
Q2.
1. mate
The advantage of the PlaYer
able to administer a double check
- his opponent must then
is that
make a King move. Mate maY
not follow at once, but at least
the King has been forced to a
square where some other Punish-
ment may follow. For examPle,
a Knight can be on a long di-
agonal with a Bishop behind it
and your pieces otherwise set for
a Long Diagonal mate. The Rus-
sian master Gusev showed how
effective a double check can be
in such a position. His win illus-
trates a useful technique that can
lead to a quick finish when other
threats already exist.
 Checkmael The !l:
IERM IO KNOW to capture the White Knight. Bu:
Smolhered mot+-Mote by q White is saved by a double checkl
Knight when the enemy King is
completely surrounded by its
own pieces qnd lherefore hos 1. Q-KSch K-Rl
no escope squores.
Here and later Black musi
avoid K-B1 because of Whire's
The smothered mate occurs Q-B7 mate.
frequently, usually following a
pattem illustrated by a position K-\1
2. N-B7ch
composed by Ercole del Rio in
3. N X Rdisch
DIAGRAM 3OO 1750. He used it to illustrate how
GUSEV POLOVODIN a double check followed by a Removing the Rook that pre-
-
Soviet Union, 7976 smothered mate can save what
vented White's Queen from lea';-
Vlhite Ptays anil Wins appears to be a hopeless game.
ing the King flle.
Play through the moves follow-
ing Diagram 301 for an introduc- 3..no. K-Rl
AI\ALYSIS
tion to a tactical finesse that is 4. N-B7ch K-\1
Gusev's Rook and Bishop are certain to save more than one
set for a Long Diagonal mate- game for you during your chess
5. N-R6 dbl ch K-Rl
if the Rook file can be cleared. 6. Q-N8ch!
career!
The Russian master saw that a
Ituight check at 86 would be fol- This beautiful sacrifice is th:
lowed by a double check that goal of White's attack. Bla.-k's
could lead to mate. He played ontry reply is to take the Queen-

1. N-K4! and Black resigned. thereby locking in his King.

Let's examine White's chief
threats. 6..oco R )< Q
7. NI-87 mate
a.Onl.....BXQ;2.R-R8
mate. Ercole del Rio's position ri::
b.On1.....B-N2;2.N- its amazing winning method C:-
B6ch,BXN;3.QXBwith pends on an open diagonal fcr
the threat of mate at R8 or at the Queen and a Knight that cg:
N7 if Black plays 3. .. o. DIAGRA,\A 3OI
check at B7 and again at R6 :c
Q-N2. S/hite Plays and Mates finally mate atBT after the Quee.
c. On 1. . . . . K-R2 (to hold in Seven Moves sacrifice. The attack can ocCU:
the Bishop);2. N-B6ch, K- on either side of the board. It is
Rl; 3. R X Bch, K-N2; ANALYSIS
common enough so that e\-3l-r-
4. N-K8 or R5 dbl ch, K- White is in trouble. Black player should understand it ald
Nl; 5. R-R8 mate. threatens to exchange Queens or use it-as the American granC-
 The Magic of the Double Check 189

TERM IO KNOW to capture the White Knight. But master Pal Benko didin an im-
Smofhered mofe-Mqte by ct White is saved by a double check! portant game from the United
Knight when the enemy King is States Championships of 1968.
completely surrounded bY its K-R.l
own pieces ond lherefore hos
1. Q-KSch
no escope squores.
Here and later Black must
avoid K-BL because of White's
The smothered mate occurs Q-B7 mate.
frequently, usually tollowing a
patrem illustrated by a position 2. N-B7ch K-N1
composed by Ercole del Rio in 3. NXRdisch
1750. He used it to illustrate how
a double check followed by a Removing the Rook that Pre-
smothered mate can save what vented White's Queen from leav-
app€ars to be a hopeless gilme. ing the King flle.
PIay through the moves follow-
ing Diagram 301 for an introduc- 3..nn. K-R1
tion to a tactical finesse that is 4. N-B7ch K-N1 DIAGRAM 302
E
certain to save more than one 5. N-R6 dbl ch K-R1 BENKO HOROWITZ
same for you during your chess 6. Q-N8ch! United States -Championship, 1968
- career!
t White Mates in Two Moves
l- This beautiful sacrifice is the
ts
goal of White's attack. Black's
d only reply is to take the Queen-
L thereby locking in his King. ANALYSIS
d Pa1 Benko, a onetime chess
6...c. R.XQ prodigy, a chess problemist, and
7. N-87 mate one of the most imaginative
players in the world, often PlaYs
Ercole del Rio's position with combinations and attacks that
its amazing winning method de- make chess seem so logical and
tu pends on an open diagonal for so easy. Ilere he had forced the
t the Queen and a Knight that can Black King to its R1 and was
DIAGRAM 3OI
check at B7 and again at R6 to ready for the sacrifice that leads
White Plays and Mates flnally mate atBT after the Queen
in Seven Moves to a smothered mate. Check the
H sacrifice. The attack can occur Ercole del Rio position if you do
on either side of the board. It is not see the mate at once.
1 [\.{LYSN common enough so that every
White is in trouble. Black player should understand it and 1.
threatens to exchange Queens or use it-as the American grand- 2. mate
 Checkmate! TIE I

DIAGRAAA 303 DIAGR.AM 304 DIAGRAM 305

CAPABLANCA TORRES
Barcelona,- 1929
White Mated in lhree Moves
ANALYSIS
This time the mate depends on
a dffierent way of forcing Black
to smother his King. First White
forces the Black King to its Rl.
Then he invades with his Queen
to threaten mate on the eighth
rank. To avoid this mate Black
moves his Rook to KNl and is
answered by a smothered mate.
Black could have avoided the
mate by surrendering his Queen,
TVhite Mates in Ilvo Moves
ANALYSIS
The Black Queen in this po-
sition is overburdened. It pre-
vents two mates at once-by
Strange$, the defense against
one mate will permit the other.
What move will take the Black
Queen away from its protection
of White's KB7 and still leave
the Black King hemmed in by
its own pieces?
2. mate
MUNCK STRAUSS
-
Getnany,1914
White ll[ates in Three Mors
ANALY$S
A double check can involve a
rank as well as a flle. The wir
ning continuation here requiru
understanding of mate wirh a
Rook and a Knight. Your first
move is a sacrffice that fcrces
Black to open his second rark-
Then a move by the White Kai*t
results in a doublecheck thqt
forces the Black King to a sqr:are
where it is mated by Rook a-c,C

but many players prefer being Knight.

mated to trying to struggle on a
Queen behind.
- six positions that follow
The
illustrate mates following a double
check. They a^re easy to solve if
3. mate

you remember the key advantage

3. mate
of the double check-that it
forces your opponenfs King to
move. The mates to follow then
leap into your mind, for double
checks often permit mates with
which you are already farniliar.
 The Magic of the Doubb Check L9t

DIAGRAM 304 DTAGRAM 305 DIAGRATYi 306

Tfhite Mates in llvo Moves MUNCK STRAUSS MICTIELSON AMATEUR,

A.\{LY$S
The Black Queen in this Po-
sition is overburdened. It Pre-
mts two mates at once-bY
Srrangely, the defense against
me mate will permit the other.
Etat move will take the Black
Queen away from its Protection
d \\hite's KB7 and still leave
S€ Black King hemmed in bY
its osi:n pieces?
2. mate
- six positions that follow
The
illustrate mates following double
a
to solve if
check They a.re easy
5rou remember the key advantage
d the double check-that it
forces your opponenfs King to
EoYe. The mates to follow then
t"ap into your mind, tor double
cbecks often permit mates with
*tich you are already farniliar.
-
Getmarcy,1914
White Mates in Thrte MoYes
AT{ALYilS
A double check can involve a
rank as well as a flle. The win-
ning continuation here requires
understanding of mate with a
Rook and a Knight. Your first
move is a sacrifice that forces
Black to open his second rank.
Then a move by the White Knight
results in a double check that
forces the Black King to a square
where it is mated by Rook and
Knight.
3. mate
-
Brussels,l9I2
White Mates in Ihrce Moves
AI{ALYSN
This is a typical position, fol-
lowing as it does a Queen check
at R5 and the capture of a KNP
that has interposed. Black then
attacked the White Queen with
his Knight. White, with both
Queen and Knight attacked, wins
with a double check that forces
the Black King to a square where
mate will follow. The White Pawn
at Q4 plays a citical role in the
final position.
1.
2"
3.
mate
192 Checkmate! The M4

DIAGRAAA 309
DIAGRAM 3OZ DIAGRAAA 308
trVhite Mates in Forn Moves
KATALIMOV MIKIIIN Black Mates in Five Moves
- 1976
Soviet Union,
ANALY$S
White Mates in Three Moves ANALYilS
A discovered check takes
This is another smothered
mate, ready as sooo as the long A
ANALYSIS Black into the Ercole del Rio
diagonal can be cleared for the
This is another mate by a position with a smothered mate
combined action of Queen and ID
Rook and a Knight, made pos- to follow. Once learned, the at-
Knight. What move does that be- a
sible by a Queen sacrifice. Sup- tack moves like clockwork. On
fore Black can carry out one of a
pose the Black King were at its what square will the Knight ir
his own mate threats?
Ql. How could a double check mate? How?
h
then force mate? What can be 1.
1. aaaa

2.
d
done about Black's hope to es- 2.
cape to his K2? See that and the 3.
3.
correct moves force themselves 4. mate
4.
4.
5. mate

mate

B
l.

DIAGRAA,I 308
Elack llates in Five Moves
f{I.YSIS
A discovered check takes
ack ilto the Ercole del Rio
sitisl srith a smothered mate
fotrtrow. Once learned, the at-
* Ec'.r-es like clockwork. On
rat square will the Knight
re? Horv?
mate
The Magic of the Double Check
DIAGRAAA 309
White Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
This is another smothered
mate, ready as soon as the long
diagonal can be cleared for the
combined action of Queen and
Knight. What move does that be-
fore Black can carry out one of
his own mate threats?
4. mate
-
193
DIAGRAM 3IO
FALKBBER _ SIMPSON
Inndon,1860
IVhite Mates in Ihree Moves
AT{ALYilS
No, this is not a smothered
mate. And if you cannot see how
a well-placed sacrifice leads to
a double check and mate, then
it would be best for you to go
back to the beginning of this
chapter and start again!
1.
2.
3. mate
-
REMEMBER!
1. Double checks leading to
mate usually occru on an open
file following a sacrifice that
forces the enemy King to the
square where the double
check is possible. But do not
sacrffice just for the joy of
194 Checkmotel
administering a double check.
Make certain the mate can be
forced!
2. Smothered mates are most
common when the enemy
Kiog is in the corner of the
board and, perhaps with a
Queen sacrifice as in the Er-
cole del Rio position, you can
check and mate with a Knight
when the King is surrounded
by its own pieces.
CHAP TER 17
Oueen Sacrifices ler
Let's assume you have beca
committing the checkmate ide
in the first sixteen chapters d
this book to memory. Are ym
therefore ready to recognize and
utilize all the opportunities to
checkmate that may occur ix
your future play? After all, you
have examined so many positims
in which other players did fnL'l
mates. You are beginning to m,
derstand what they did, and in
similar positions you too mary
may make the brilliant molre*
that change an advantage into m
attack and that attack into I
checkmate. Yet you may not bc
ready to become that ideal plapr
who somehow always knorr
what moves will lead to victffiy.
Understanding specific matiqB
attacks cannot win unless ytro
also have an approach to chesl
,l
board and, perhaps with a
Queen sacrifice as in the Er-
cole del Rio position, you can
check and mate with a Knight
when the King is surrounded
b;; its own pieces.
CHAP TER 17
Queen Sacrifices leading t0 Checkmate
Let's assume you have been
committing the checkmate ideas
in the first sixteen chapters of
this book to memory. Are you
therefore ready to recognize and
utilize all the opportunities to
checkmate that may occur in
your future play? After all, you
have examined so many positions
in which other players did find
mates. You are beginning to un-
derstand what they did, and in
similar positions you too may
may make the brilliant moves
that change an advantage into an
attack and that attack into a that may be possible in a given
checkmate. Yet you may not be
ready to become that ideal player
who somehow always knows
what moves will lead to victory.
Understanding specific mating
attacks cannot win unless you
also have an approach to chess
195
analysis that leads you from the
possible attack to the final mate.
There are some practical steps
them a method of thinking
-call should be followed as your
-that
game develops. Let's list them
with what can at this point only
be a preliminary explanation.
l. Recognizing the possibility lor
a standard mate.
You must know the standard
mates presented in previous
chapters so well that the one
position simply leaps into your
mind. This calls for the study
and restudy of the positions
we have been ana$nng. Know
them! Overleam them! You
cannot use them unless they
are recoguized automatically
196 Checkmate!
and have become part of your
total chess thinking.
2. Understanding barriers to Pos-
sible standard mates.
Suppose that a standard mate
may be possible in a given
position. Perhaps a Rook
threatens mate on the eighth
rank. Perhaps a Long Diag-
onal mate is waiting to be
forced. But in most situations
there will be a barrier to
achieving that mate. A Pawn
or piece may be in the way; a
rank, file, or diagonalmay
have to be opened; a defender
may have to be removed.
Your goal then becomes the
removal of that barrier. With
the standard mate as Your
final aim, you then concen-
trate on removing whatever
impedes it. This becomes your
target.
3. Accepting material gain when
a mate ccnnot be forced.
Do not forget that each of
your moves is answered bY a
move by your opponent. You
may have an overpowering
attack that should lead to
checkmate. But your oppo-
nent can often avoid that mate
by surrendering material-
anything from a Pawn to a
Queen. Learn to accept such
material. Your goal then
for an
changes from the drive
immediate mate to the win-
ning of a game through ex-
changes or the search for a
new mating attack that uti-
lizes your material advantage.
In the end a checkmate will
be possible anyway.
4. Understanding the reasons for
sacrifices during mating at-
tacks.
Much has been written about
the nature of sacrifices in
chess, and each writer has de-
veloped his own nomencla-
ture intended to describe or
classify sacrifices. In this
book, with its emphasis on
the practical achievement of
given mates, our approach has
been functional-that is, the
search for the reason for a
sacrffice. The sacrifices we
have examined have served
one or more of four chief
functions:
a. opening a line (rank, flle,
or diagonal) for a mate
b. opening the enemy King
position.
c. removtng a defender
d. gaining time to move one
or more pieces to the
square(s) where they are
needed to achieve mate.
Except in these positions where
an opponent is helpless against
Quem Sorzifrr
the series of moves that result in
checkmate, it is necessary to
make forcing moves--rhecls a.ud
sacrffices-that change eneiny
weaknesses into checkmates. This
chapter differs from those thar
have preceded it, for its purpo-
is to search for the reasons for a
specffic t5pe of sacrifice. Its anal-
ysis of positions, therefore, u-ill I
flrst set forth the goal a gren
I
Queen sacrifice should auain- Ir t
will then illustrate how that goal
f
was achieved. Finally, it win
t
where possible show what can (
happen when the opponed I
proves ready to surrender mat+ (
rial to avoid the mate. Org+ I
ilzed thinking about checkmare ;t
patterns is only about two hun- )
dred years old. But from its I
beginning it has searched for a.r
a
swers every chessplayer should r
know. The Queen sacrffice-
t
hardest of all for an opponent to
!
answer-is an ideal introduction
r
to the key questions and their r
answers. i
I
e
Sire de L€gal Opens the Dmr s
t
The Cate de h R6gence in P
Paris, gone today but a worl#
famous chess center for more 'han
two hundred years, was long the
only place in France where cne
could be certain to see chess
masters at play every day. Pnri+
always the center of French i+

changes from the drive for an
immediate mate to the win-
ning of a game through ex-
.-hanges or the search for a
n3\\' mating attack that uti-
Lizes vour material advantage.
I: :he end a checkmate will
L'. possible anyway.
4. L'rderstanding the reasons for
sacrifices during mating at-
iacks.
\Iuch has been written about
th: nature of sacrifices in
chess, and each writer has de-
v:loped his own nomencla-
rure intended to describe or
classify sacrifices. In this
L',:ok, with its emphasis on
:uL e practical achievement of
gi'.'en mates, our aPProach has
L'een functional-that is, the
s=arch for the reason for a
*.crffice. The sacrifices we
har-e examined have served
oce or more of four chief
forctions:
a. opening a line (rank, flle,
or diagonal) tor a mate
' b. opening the enemY King
position.
c. removing a defender
d. gaining time to move one
or more Pieces to the
square(s) where theY are
needed to achieve mate.
Except in these Positions where
a.0 opponent is helPless against
Quem Sacrifices Leading
the series of moves that result in
chechnate, it is necessary to
make forcing moves<hecks and
sacrifices-that change enemy
weaknesses into checkmates. This
chapter differs from those that
have preceded it, for its purpose
is to search for the reasons for a
specific type of sacriflce. Its anal-
ysis of positions, therefore, will
frst set forth the goal a given
Queen sacrifice should attain. It
will then illustrate how that goal
was achieved. Finalln it will
where possible show what can
happen when the opponent
proves readyto surrender mate- did teach them and the rest of the
rial to avoid the mate. Orga- world some basic lessons about
nize.d thinking about checkmals
is only about two hun-
patterns
dred years old. But from its
beginning it has searched for an-
swers every chessplayer should
know. The Queen sacrifice-
hardest of all for an opponent to
answer-is an ideal introduction
to the key questions and their
answers.
Sire de ligal Opens the Door
The Cafe de la R6gence in
Paris, gone today but a world-
famous chess center for more than
two hundred years, was long the
only place in France where one
could be certain to see chess
masters at play every day. Paris,
always the center of French in-
to' Checkmate 197
tellectual life, had several cafes-
really restaurants-where gentle-
men and the nobility would
gather to talk, play cards, and
perhaps enjoy chess. In the mid-
1700s M. de Kermur, Sire de
Iigal, made the CatO de la
R6gence his second home. L6gal
was one of the flrst chess players
to record his games. The games
have little to recommend them,
for l,€gal, champion of the club
formed at the cafe, was so much
better than the genflemen who
dared to challenge him that he
won most games quickly. But he
the opening. Develop your pieces;
do not waste time on senseless
Pawn moves; be ready to attack
as soon as your pieces have been
placed on good squares; do not
be afraid to sacrifice if check-
mate can result. The L6gal Mate,
really an openin g trap, was first
recorded about L750.It is a per-
fect example of the speed with
which poor play can be punished,
and was the first of several Queen
sacrifices in the opening to make
the rounds of chess practice and
play all over Europe.
Whtte Black
LEGAL MONSIEUR X
1. P-K4 P-K4
2. N-KB:! P-Q3
3. B_B4 B-Ns
4. N-83 P-KN3?
198 Checkmate!
Sire de L€gal had opened the
door to a flood of opening traps
which win material or
-moves
mate when an opponent grabs at
some offered Pawn or piece.
Petroff, some thirty years after
Ldgal had died, suggested an-
other Queen sacrifice in the
opening he had invented, mating
in a somewhat difterent way on
the eighth move.
DIAGRAM 3I I
Strangely, Black is already lost,
PETROFF DEFENSE
1. P_K4 P-K4
his inferior opening play having
invited a Queen sacrifice. Wast- 2. N-KB3 N-KB3
ing time on Pawn moves in the 3. NXP N-83
QuemSasfa
mate or the wio of White's
Queen. It permits us to empha-
size the question that should be
answered about atl sacrifices
other than those that force a
move by the enemy King. What
3
happens tI the sauifice is re-
fused? In this case if White plais
7. P X N Black wins a Queen
by 7. B X Pch and on 8.
K X B, Q X Q. White is atso
lost on 8. K-K2, B-NSch; 9.
K X B, Q XQ. Mate in two
follows White's acceptauce of
the sacrifice.
7. B X Q BXPch 4.

opening often permits an oppo- 4. NXN QPXN 8. K-K2 B-Ns mrte

nent to attack and win material s. P-Q3 B-QB4 Note also that (from Diagram
6. B-Ns?
or mate before many moves have 3t2) 6. N X P; 7.B-K3,
been made! Black had given up a Pawn BXB;8.PXB,fR5cb
5. NXP! for superior development. Now 9. P-N3, N X NP wins easily.
White plays an inferior move that These two examples of Queen
The exclamation point may returns it. sacriflces in the opening (and I'ou
not be deserved in the 1970s,
can find dozens more in books
but in 1750 most players were
just beginning to realue the on opening traps) can introduce
the methods of anlysis needed to
many ways in which mate could
evaluate any sacrifice. They can
be forced. If Black now plays 5.
be summafized, through the a.r
P XNheremainsaPawn
swers to four questions.
behind after 6. Q X B. It would
then have been White's task to l. What mate position do I hope
make that Pawn advantage the to achieve?
basis of a win later on. But gen- In other words, can you vis.
tlemen did not refuse challenges alae the pieces on the squarcs
in eighteenth-century France, and they will occupy when your
d
Black took the Queen instead of DIAGRAM 3I2 opponent is mated?
tE
submitting to the loss of a Pawn. o
5..... BXQ?? 6..... NXP! 2. What defenders must I re- (x
6. BXPch K-K2 This Queen sacrifice is even move to obtain that poi- ri
7. N-QS mate stronger than L6gal's. It leads to tion? o
 Queen Sacrifices Leading to Checknwte
Sire de Ldgal had oPened the
mate or the win of White's
Queen. It permits us to empha-
loor to a flood of oPening traPs
size the question that should be
which win material or
-rnores
nats qfusn an opponent grabs at answered about all sacrifices
other than those that force a
Eine oftered Pawn or Piece. move by the enemy King. TVhat
FEtrctr. some thirty years after
happens t the sacrifice is re-
t€el had died, suggested an-
fused? In this case if White plays
xher Queen sacrifice in the
7. P X N Black wins a Queen
ryrnin-s he had invented, mating by 7. B X Pch and on 8.
ilr a somewhat different way on
K X B, Q X Q. White is also
fte eighth move.
lost on 8. K-K2, B-NSch; 9.
PETROF'F DEFENSE K X B, Q XQ. Mate in two
follows White's acceptance of
1. P-K4 P-K4
2. \-KB3 N_KB3 the sacrifice.
3. NXP N-83 7. B X Q BXPch
4. \XN QPXN 8. K-K2 B-Ns mate
5. P-Q3 B-QB4 Note also that (from Diagram
6. B-Ns? 3t2)6. N X P; 7. B-K3,
Black had given uP a Pawn B X B; 8. P X B, Q-RSch;
for superior development. Now 9. P-N3, N X NP wins easily.
White plays an inferior move that These two examples of Queen
retu-rns it. sacrifices in the opening (and you
can find dozens more in books
on opening traps) can introduce
the methods of anlysis needed to
evaluate any sacrifice. They can
be summaraed, through the an-
swers to four questions.
1. What mate position do I hope
to achieve?
In other words, can you visu-
alize the pieces on the squares
they will occupy when your
DIAGRAAA 312 opponent is mated?
6..... NXP! 2. What detenders must I re-
move to obtain that posi-
ThL Queen sacrifice is even
tion?
trronger than L6gal's. It leads to
199
The most common reason to
sacrifice is to remove a de-
fender, a key aspect of de-
stroying the barriers to your
desired mate.
3. How does the sacriftce help
change the position so that
the mate can be achieved?
Remember the several key
reasons for a sacrifice-to
open a line, to open the enemy
King position, to remove a de-
fender, to gain time for moves
by other pieces.
4. What advantage will I have
it my sacrifice is refused?
Many an attack has failed
because a player did not real-
ize one of his moves was not
forcing. That is, his opponent
wds able to refuse the sacri-
flce and make an attacking
move of his own instead. A
sacrifice is called sound rt it
gains material or achieves a
better position even if it is re-
fused. It is sound if it leaves
you with an advantage even
though your planned mate
does not occllf.
The positions analyzed in this
chapter will illustrate the answers
to such questions as they apply to
Queen sacrifices that led to mate
or to some significant advantage
when the sacrffice was refused.
Our analysis will include two ap
200 Checkmate! Queen Sacriftrzr )

proaches, the continuation when b. But how does Black win if needed, then, to open the Black Kr
the sacrifice is accepted and the White refuses the Queen sac- King position It cannot be re k
fused. A King hunt then follows. hs
alternatives when it is refused. As rifice?
you will see, not all "mating at-
tacks" lead to checkmate. 1 Q-R7ch! t. QXPcn KXQ &
2 K-Bl mate 2.
3.
4.
5. mate

DIAGRAM 313
LUNDVALL SCHAUWECKER
-
Switzerland, 1975 DIAGMM 3I4
Black Mates in Three Moves JENS _ MEES b.
(A Queen sacriflce to open a line) Holland,1975
White Mates in Five Moyes
(A Queen sacrifice to open a King DIAGMM 3I5
ANALYSIS
position) MANDOLFI KOLISCE
Goal: mate by two Rooks. -
Paris,1858
Barrier: White's KNP. Black lVlated in Four Moves
Mate should be possible if the ANALYSIS (A Queen sacrifice to gain time
KR flle can be opened with a Goal: mate by Rooks and for moves by another piece)
check. This would occur only if Bishops.
the White King were on that Barrier: Black's KNP.
file. Then Black could play . . . . ANALYSIS
This time the Black King lacks
P X P discovering a check by Goal: mate after. . . . N-K7.
defenders and mate by the Rook
his Rook. A Queen sacrifice is aided by other pieces would be
Barrier: three moves needed
the only way to force White's possible if the Pawn at Black's
to bring the Ifuight from KB3 to
King to its KR file. KN2 were gone. Method: oPen K7.
The White King lacks escape
a.1. .... Q--R7ch! the Black King position, force
lquares and would be mated if
2. KXQ the King to the KR file, and mate
3._ mate it A
at its KR5. sacrifice is Black could bring a second
 Queen Srcrifices Leading to Checktnate 201

But how does Black win if needed, theq to open the Black Knight to bear on his K7 square.
SLile refuses the Queen sac- King position It cannot be re- How can the Knigbt get there?
rifice? fused. A King hunt then follows. Its path is K5-N*K7I

l. Q-R7ch! 1. QXPch KXQ a. 1. .... N-K5

2.
2. t\-81 mate 2. B X Q N_N6!
3.
4. For White cannot take the
5. mate Knight without permitting
Black to mate at once after
3. P X N, N-K7 dbl ch and
mate! Meanwhile, 3. ..
R-R8 mate is also threat-
ened!

3. N-B6 dis ch
Now how does Black achieve
his mate?
3.
4. mate
DIAGRAM 314
JENS MEES b. How would Black have won
-
Holland,1975 in this variation after White
Y[tite lIates in Five Moym refuses the Queen sacrffice?
DIAGRAM 3I5
r Queen sacrifice to open a King
position) MANDOLFI _ KOLISCH 1...... N_Ks
Paris,1858 2. PXN QXB
Black Mated in Four Moves 3. PXP Q-N6!
ILTLYSIS (A Queen sacrifice to gain time
Gwl: mate by Rooks and for moves by another piece) With the threat of mate at the
ishp. square _.
Bqrier: Black's KNP. ANALYSIS
This time the Black King lacks c. And, to complete the analysis,
GoaI: mate after . . . . N-K7. how does Black then win
{enders and mate by the Rook
Barrier: three moves needed after:
ded b-v other pieces would be
to bring the Ifuight from KB3 to
rsfble if the Pawn at Black's 4.NXBP K_81
K7.
}i2 were gone. Method: oPen The White King lacks escape dis ch
E Black King position, force NXR,
squares and would be mated if 5.
r Kins to the KR flle, and mate
Black could bring a second 6. mate
ar iis KR5. A sacrifice is
202 Checkmate! Queen Sacrifical-a
f,(-Q)ch, Q X Oleaves ANALYSIS
Black ahead. But White has
a move that removes the de-
fender, the Black Queen!
vents
Goal: mate on the eighth rank.
Barrier: the Black Queen pre-
R-Q8
I
I
mate.
(From Diagram 3 16) White sees that placing a
1. R-88 RXR Queen or Rook on the eighth
2. Q-K7t
Now the win is simple. On 2.
rank will be mate. Suppose the
Black Queen defended its Ql
square from its K2 instead of its
t
O x Q;3. P X
QB2. Why would it then be un-
R(:Q)ch, O interposes; 4. E
able to capture a Rook at its Ql?
DIAGRAM 316 QXQmate.Andon2..... If you see that, then a Queen
ALEKHINE NESTOR Q-QB3; 3. P-Q81-Q)ch, sacrifice means mate in two.
-
Exhibition,1938 R X Q; 4. Q X Rch, Q-Kl;
IIow does White Force 5.QXQmate. E
a Quick Win? But what happens on 1. R- a. 1. LT,
(A Queen sacrifice to remove a 2. mate &
defender) 88, R X R; 2. Q-K7, R-KNI,
refusing the sacrifice? D. But suppose Black tries to
3. with 4 yinning avoid the mate by refusing the AIf{
ANALYSIS advantage. Queen. He would still be
Goal: to remove the Black mated on the second move
Rook. after:
Barrier: the Black Queen can
-,
t.
defend the Black Rook. ) mate refi,
The Black King lacks escape T4
squares and would be mated by Eo&.
a Rook or Queen that controlled fm
White's eighth rank. White isH
threatens such a mate at once. Pilr
I(ntd
a. 1. R-88 n€cfi
How does White now mate in 1&
two if Black plays 1. nhetl
QXQP? DIAGRAM 3I7 QZ
2. BREYER ENGLUND chEd
3. mate -
Scheveningen, 1913 H
White Mates in Two Moves Q4 it
b. So Black must play 1. (A Queen sacrifice to temove chcd
R X R. Now 2. P X defender) teD&
 Queen Sacrifices Leading to Checkmate
Q(-Q)ch, Q X Oleaves
I Black ahead. But White has
a move that removes the de-
ANALYSIS
Goal: mate on the eighth rank.

I I
fender, the Black Queen!
(From Diagram 316)
Ili 1. R-88
2. Q-K7!
RXR
Now the win is simple. On 2.
I OxQ; 3.PX
R(:Q)ch, O interposes; 4.
QXQmate.Andon2.....
Barrier: the Black Queen pre-
vents R-Q8 mate.
White sees that placing a
Queen or Rook on the eighth
rank will be mate. Suppose the
Black Queen defended its Q1
square from its K2 instead of its
QBz. Why would it then be un-
able to capture a Rook at its Ql?
If you see that, then a Queen
DIAGRAA,T 318

Q-QB3; 3. P-Q81-Q)ch, sacrifice means mate in two.

KOTOV BONDAREVSKY
- Union,1957
R X Q; 4. Q X Rch, Q-Kl; Soviet
5.QXQmate. Black Mates in Four Moves
But what happens on I. R- a. l. (A Queen sacrifice to remove a
2. mate defender and to gain time for
88, R X R; 2. Q-K7, R-KNI, an attacking move)
refusing the sacriflce? b. But suppose Black tries to
ANALYSIS
3. ,withavinnilg avoid the mate by refusing the
adr-antage. Queen. He would still be Goal: to mate the White King
ttrk mated on the second move at its Q3.
after: Banier: White's bishop at Q4
.-n 1. and his Knight at K5 must be
2. mate removed.
laPe Try to visualize the possible
I b:,- mate. The White King can be
fll*i forced to its Q3, where its escape
ihiie is blocked by its Queen and
E. Pawns and the power of Black's
Knight at K5. What will be
needed to mate it when it already
te i3 lacks escape squares? Answer: a
check by Black's Knight now at
DIAGRAM 317 Q2. Where can that Knight
BREYER ENGLUND check? Answer: at K4 or B4.
-
Scheveningen, 1913 Problem: the White Bishop at its
White Mates in Two Moves Q4 is a defender against such a
.; A Queen sacrifice to remove check. Solution: remove that de-
defender) fender!
204 Checkmatel Queen Sacrifica
1. G-B7ch ANALYilS 1. Q-N6 R-N1 (L
2. K_Q3 QXBch Goal: mate by Rook and 2.
3. KXQ Bishop or Rook and Knight. 3. mate
a. How does Black now mate in Barrier: the Black KRP must
two more moves? be removed.
b"
3.
This time the Queen sacrifice
4. mate is the means of opening a file.
The position cries out for an An-
b. Suggest a move that would astasia Mate-a Rook check on
have prevented the mate if the KR file while the Knight at
Black had played: K7 cuts off escape squares. Note
1...... Q-B7ch the Bishop at White's QB4. It
2.K-Q3 B-84 can aid in a second kind of mate,
(Threatening 3. . . . . Q X B for if both the diagonal to KN8
mate or 3. N X Nch; 4. and the KR file were open, a
B X N, Q-K6 mate, or on Rook check on the file would be
3.BXQ,NXNmate) mate even if White's N at K7
were gone. That means the White
J. prevents the Knight atKT is available for sac- DIAGRAIA 320
mate fr
rifice. What move rips the Black oAPABLANCA FONAROFF
a
Pawns away?
-
New York,1918
VYhite Mates in Six Moves
1. Q-N6! or Tlins BlacHs BishoP L(
(A Queen sacriflce to win material h
A new threat exists-Q X NP by threat of mate) _{
mate! If Black plays 1. .. si
RP X Q, then 2. R-R3 mate. ANALYSIS Ti
Goal: to mate on the eighth v
a. 1..... BPXQ rank or win a piece.
fi Barrier: the eighth rank is pro- II
How does White now open tected by a Queen and occupied d
the Rook file and mate? by a Rook. tr
Not all attempts to mate suc- g
o
ceed. Sometimes your oPpcnent v
3. mate can prevent the mate by a ruiE- b
DIAGRAM 3I9 ous loss of material. This posi-
ALEKHINE _ AMATEUR b. How would White have still tion will demonstrate one wa1'of
B lindf old E xhibitio n, 1 9 42 mated on his third move if turning a mate threat into a ma- a
S/hite Mates in lhree Moves Black had refused the Queen terial advantage. White has ttr-o a.l
(A Queen sacrifice to open a line) sacrffice and played: problems to solve. s
 Queen Sacrifices Leading to Checkmote 205
T{LYSIs 1. Q_N6 R-Nl a. Get the Queen away lrom its
GuJ: mate by Rook and 2. Qt.
$op or Rook and Knight. 3. mate 1. N-R6ch K-R1
Bqtier: the Black KRP must 2.QXB! QXQ
remol-ed.
b. Make the Black Rook leave
This time the Queen sacrifice
its rank.
the means of opening a flle.
rc p"-'sition cries out for an An- 3.NXFch Resigns
resia }Iate-a Rook check on On 3. K-Nl; 4. N X
a KR flle while the Knight at Q White is a Knight and two
I cas off escape squares. Note Pawns ahead and wins easily.
I Blshop at White's QB4. It But what is the mate after 3.
n aid in a second kind of mate, RXN?
r if both the diagonal to KN8
4.
d tbe KR file were open, a 5.
mk check on the flle would be
6. mate
ific even if White's N at K7
re gpne. That means the White
dgtt at K7 is available for sac- DIAGRAM 320
Horatio Alger
i= \\tat move rips the Black CAPABLANCA
-
FONAROFF
qt the Chessboqrd
New York,1918
nrns as-ar'?
IVhite Mates in Six Moves Some stories never die; there
1. G-N6! or Wins Black's BishoP is always a new
generation of
(A Queen sacrifice to win material listeners to enjoy them. Horatio
A new threat exists-Q X NP by threat of mate) Alger proved this with a succes-
rte: I: Black plays 1. sion of tales that were largely
P )( Q, then 2. R-R3 mate. ANALYSIS variations on the same theme. A
Goal: to mate on the eighth young person surprises the suc-
1,.... BPXQ rank or win a piece. cessful world about him by Pull-
Barrier: the eighth rank is Pro- irg off some maguificent couP
Hoc' does White now open tected by a Queen and occuPied that brings him fame and for-
the Rcok f,le and mate? by a Rook. tune. The chess world has such
Not all attempts to mate suc- stories too. Edward Lasker, a
L ceed. Sometimes your oPPonent young man in his twenties and a
3. mate can prevent the mate by a ruin- budding German chess master,
ous loss of material. This Posi- came to London in 1912. He vis-
EIow would White have still tion will demonstrate one way of ited the city's leading chess club
mated on his third move if turning a mate threat into a ma- and was able to try his skill
Black had refused the Queen terial advantage. White has two against England's leading player,
sacrif,ce and played: problems to solve. Sir George Thomas. It was a
206 Checkmatel
casual game, but the young into the open. Once Lasker saw
Lasker was able to announce that the King could not then re-
mate in eight-one of the best- turn to its first rank, he was able
known examples of a King hunt to see his way clear to the mate.
in chess literature. It began with 1- QXPch! KXQ
a Queen sacrifice followed by a 2. NXBdblch K-R3
double check that drove Sir
George's King forward. A series
On 2. K-Rl; 3. N-N6
mate by two Knights!
of checks followed until the En-
glishman's King had move from 3. N(Ks)-N4ch K-N4
its flrst rank to its eighth-where 4. P-R4ch K-85
it was mated by a quiet discov- 5. P-N3ch K-86
ered check. This was not a tour- Every Black move has been
na:nent game, but it still helped forced. Now White has a mate
make Lasker's reputation seclue. in three, based on forcing Black's
He had given the world a model King to its KN8.
of mating technique. Diagram
321 gives the position at the point
where Lasker announced his
mate.
DIAGRAM 322
White Mats in lhree Moves
6.
7.
DIAGRAAA 32I
8. mate
(A Queen sacrifice to open a King
Position)
There you have it. We\e ex-
ANALYilS amined positions illustrating the
The position cries out for a four chief reasons for sacrificing
sacrifice to bring the Black King material-the Queen in this
Queen Sacrifua
chapter. We've also seen that a d
sacrifice is "sound" when it leads t
to mate or, when it is refused, to
some definite advantage in mate-
rial or position. Our analysis in
this chapter has been deeper than
in the earlier ones, and it should
have prepared you for the think-
ing needed to find the wins in the
six positions that follow. Well
spell out the goals; you'll have to
see the barriers and how to over-
come them yourself.
DIAGRA/VI 323
SHAMKOVICH ER\mi tr
-
California,1975
Vt/hite Mates in Three Moves E
ANALYSIS
,n
Goal: to drive the King into
the open.
Do you recognize the possibin-
ity of mate with Rook and Knight
in this position? Assume the
Rook file is open and the Black
King at its KN2. Where shoulC
 Queen Sacrifices Leading to Checkmate 207

b the open. Once Lasker saw chapter. We've also seen that a the White Rook and Knight then
d the King could not then re- sacrifice is "sound" when it leads be to force mate?
rn to its first rank, he was able to mate or, when it is refused, to 1.
see his way clear to the mate. some definite advantage in mate- 2.
r. QXPch! KXQ rial or position. Our analysis in 3. mate
2. NXBdblch K-R3 this chapter has been deeper than
in the earlier ones, and it should
n 2" . . . . K-Rl:'3. N-N6 have prepared you for the think-
de by two Knights! ing needed to find the wins in the
3. NGO-N4ch K-N4 six positions that follow. We'[l
4. P-R4ch K-85 spell out the goals; you'll have to
5. P-N3ch K-86 see the barriers and how to over-
,Ery Black move has been come them yourself.
Ecd. Now White has a mate
. fuee, based on forcing Black's
ing to its KN8.

DIAGRAM 324
WATERMAN FELL
-
Australia,l9T5
\ilhite Mated in Three Moves

ANALYS$
Goal: to gain time for a mating
attack.
DIAGRAA,I 323 The L6gal Mate turns up in
SHAMKOVICH ERVIN many forms. In this case White
DIAGRAM 322 -
California,l975 threatened it and Black per-
White llates in lhree Moves White Mates in Three Moves mitted it.
6- a. 1. N_K5 BXQ??
ANALYSIS
"t- 2.
& mate Goal: to drive the King into 3. mate
the open.
Do you rccogntze the possibil- b. What simple reply would have
Ihere you have it. We've ex- ity of mate with Rook and Knight left Black with a good game
Eird positions illustrating the in this position? Assume the after 1. N-K5, P X N; 2.
r e.hief reasons for sacrificing Rook file is open and the Black QXB?
tcdat-the Queen in this King at its KN2. Where should 2. ....
 Checkmate! Queen Sacrifices I
Now 3. P-R7 gets another a.
Queen, but the Black King might
escape after 3. Q-B4; 4.
P-R81-Q)ch, K-K2. So a
Rook sacrffice is needed to keep
Black's King trapped.
3.
4.
5. mate

DIAGRAM 325 DIAGRAM 326 L

U.
HULT _ COLLETT SPIELMANN _ T,TIPRMTTE
Stockholm,1946 GermanY,1927

White Mates in Three Moves IVhite Mates in Five Moves

ANALYilS ANALYSIS
Goal: to oPen a line for a mate. Goal: to open a line for a mate.
With the Ituight at KB6 and a White has four Pieces bearing
Rook ready to check and mate, on a Black King that is trapPed
atl White needs is an oPen KR in the comer by its own Pieces.
file. He offers his Queen to get The King position must be
that line. opened, for a mate on the eighth
DIAGRAM 327
rank can be forced!
WOSTYN FREDRICKSEN
1. Q-Ns! R-N1 1. QXRP! -
Sweden,1973
Black Mates in Four Moves
With the immediate threat of
On 1. P X Q; 2. R-R3 orYYins a Bishop
2. O X P mate. Black cannot and Three Pawns
mate. Although he refused this
refuse the sacrifice. On 1. . . . .
Queen sacrifice, Black still had to
answer the threat of.Z. Q X NP
N X B; 2. Q-R7ch, K-BI;
3. Q-RS mate. And if 1. . . . . ANALYSIS
mate. He couldn't trY 1. . . . .
P-N3 because of 2. Q X RP
P-83; 2. Q-R7ch, K-B2; 3. Goals: to open a line and re-
B-N6ch, K-81; 4. Q-R8 move a defender.
mate. Now an Arab Mate is mate. And on 1. Q X RP, P- Black sees a possible mate o'
forced-as soon as the KN flle B3; 2. Q-R7ch, K-81; 3. Q- the eighth rank if he can force
is pried open.
R8ch, K-82;4. P-N6 mate. White's Rook to leave that rank-
A Queen sacrffice does the job,.
^/r. 1..... PXQ leading to mate or an advanta-ge
J. mate 2.PXPdisch K-Bt in material.
 Queen Sacrifices Leading to Checkmate 209

Now 3. P-R7 gets another a. 1. .... Q X Fch!

Queen, but the Black King might 2. R.XQ
escape after 3. Q-E,4; 4. Accepting the sacrifice in this
P-RS1-Q)ch,K-K2. So a way permits Black to mate in
Rook sacrffice is needed to keep four more moves-with a
Black's King trapped. Rook on the eighth rank!
3. ) R-QBch
4. 3.
5. mate 4.
5. mate
DIAGRA,M 325 b. Alternately, White can avoid
SpfE LIIANN L'1IERMITE the mate-but at too great a
-
GermanY,7927
cost.
fthite Mates in FiYe Moves
1. Q X Pch!
A.\.{LYSN 2. KXQ BXPch
J.
G'cal: to open a line for a mate.
4.
\\hite has four pieces bearing
5.
c-t a Black King that is traPPed
ia rhe corner by its own Pieces. and Black has won a Bishop
The King position must be and three Pawns.
cpened, for a mate on the eighth
r-k can be forced!
DIAGRAM 327
WOSTYN FREDRICKSEN
1. QXRP! -
Sweden,1973
Black Mates in Four Moves
I\-irh the immediate threat of or YYins a BishoP
l. O X P mate. Black cannot and Three Pawns
r';:..i-.e the sacriflce. On 1. . . . .
\ ).: B; 2. Q-R7ch, K-81; ANALYSIS
3. Q-R8 mate. And if 1. . . . .
P-83; 2. Q-R7ch, K-82; 3. Goals: to open a line and re-
B-\6ch, K-Bl; 4. Q-R8 move a defender.
rn3ie. Ald on 1. Q X RP, P- Black sees a possible mate on
83: 2. Q-R7ch, K-81; 3. Q- the eighth rank if he can force
R.(ch,K-82;4. P-N6 mate. White's Rook to leave that rank. DIAGRAM 328
A Queen sacrffice does the job, PANFILOV NOVOCENIN
1..... PXQ leading to mate or an advantage -
Soviet Union,l975
2.P XPdisch K-BI. in material. White Mates in Four IVIoves
2lO Checkmatel

ANALY$S K_N2
A sacrifice can have several
goals at the same time! 4. mate CHAPTER 18

Goals: to remove a defender;

to open a King position; to oPen
lines.
Note that Black has made a
second Queen. He now threatens
mate in three with 1. . . . . O-
N8ch;2.Q X Q, Q X Qch;3.
K moves, Q-N4 mate. But it is
White's move, and he has Pre-
pared a mate with his own Rook
and Bishop. It requires R X
BPch, now prevented bY the
Pawn defender at Black's KN2.
Mate will be forced once that
Pawn is gone.
1. Q-R6ch! PXQ
2. RXPch
Black has two replies to this
check, each permitting White to
mate.
a. 2. . ... K-R4
3. mate
- spent most of the next forty years
Remember:
- Rook Sacrifices Leadiru
1. A Queen sacrifice is the most
dramatic way to open 3 line,
a defender, open the
remove
enemy King position or
sfoange a strong position into
a standard mating attack.
2. Always evaluate the position
when a Queen sacrifice is re-
fused as well as Plenning Your
attack if it is accepted.
3. Follow the method of analYsis A Musical Chess Tale
ti!
suggested in this chaPter. How
tit
do you want to change the Chess has long fascinated art. p
ists and musicians. Frangois An- IlI
position to make your attack
&6 Philidor, a leading French Et
possible? What bariers to the
attack must be removed? operatic composer, was also a d
How? The Queen sacrifice is famous chess master who wrote ut
often the key to changing a the first modern chess book in iE
positional advantage into a |749-Analysis ol Chess. Marcel rl
checkmate. Duchamp, a pioneer of modern &
lfi, startled the world in the og
1920s with his announced aba+. OE
donment of art for chess. He iE
h
proving his right to be known as a 1i
chess master. Perhaps the most E\
unusual mixture of chess and d
the arts appeared in a family of E
brilliant Swiss musicians-the cd
Johners. Hans Johner, teading b
artist of the Ztxich Tonhalle PE
Orchestra for forty-two yearf Ftr
was Swiss champion eleven times il
His older brother Paul, also a E!
musician, was occasionally ac- h
.,
K-N2
3.
4- mate
-uben
A Queen sacrifice is the most
dramatic way to open a line,
rem.o\-e a defender, oPen the
enerai' King position
charge a strong Position into
I $axdard mating attack.
Alwals evaluate the Position
rb€n a Queen sacrifice is re-
fu€d as well as Planning Your
ffiack if it is accePted.
Follow the method of analYsis
ryested in this chaPter. How
& you want to change the
pmition to make Your attack
pcsrble? What barriers to the
an-ck must be removed?
llow? The Queen sacrifice is
dten the key to changing a
posiional advantage into
cbelrnate.
CHAPTER 18
Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate
or
A Musicol Chess Tale
Chess has long fascinated art-
ists and musicians. Frangois An-
dr6 Philidor, a leading French
operatic composer, was also a of a different nationality, upon
famous chess master who wrote
the first modern chess book in
1.749-Analysis of Chess. Marcel
a
Duchamp, a pioneer of modern
urt, startled the world in
the
1920s with his announced aban-
donment of art for chess. He
spent most of the next forty years
proving his riglrt to be known as a
chess master. Perhaps the most
unusual mixture of chess and
the arts appeared in a family of
brilliant Swiss musicians-the
Johners. Hans Johner, leading
artist of the Zrnich Tonhalle
Orchestra for forty-two years,
was Swiss champion eleven times.
His older brother Paul, also a
musician, was occasionally ac- land, later that country's national
211
tive and successful in interna-
tional tournaments. And the four
younger brothers, all musicians,
were also talented chess players.
Each brother married a woman
which each learned six languages
just to remain on speaking terms
with the rest of the family! Since
they couldn't always find suitable
opponents when busy in the con-
cert world, all six became prom-
inent composers of chess prob-
lems.
Hans was the best player in
the family, his entries into inter-
national tournaments adding
many examples of what has been
catrled the "Johner imagination"
to chess literature. In a game
played during a tournament in
Frankfurt, Germany, in 1907,he
offered two Rooks to his oppo-
nent, Abraham Speyer of Hol-
212 Checkmatel Roo[ Sr
champion. Speyer simply missed master was ready with a surPrise mate or the decisive win of ma- i
the theme, tbreatening a mate that showed his abilitY to make terial.
himself only to be cnrshed by the use of his thorough knowledge of ;
sudden appearance of a Queen the standard mates! 1. To gain time lor attacking (

sacrffice that led to a familiar 3 Q-RBch! moves by other pieces. I

mate with Knight and Bishop! 4 KXQ 2. To open a line {

a. needed by your ou:n i

DIAGRA,IA 329
Johner, playing Black, sacri-
ficed a Rook.
1..... RXPI
2. B X R
The Dutch master simPlY had
no idea of what Johner was Plan-
ning or he would not have ac-
cepted the Rook-which turns
out to be a Greek gift from a
DIAGRAM 330
Black Mates in IVo Moves
AT{ALYSIs
White's King is on the long
diagonal controlled bY Black's
Bishop. All Black needs is the
correct move with his Knight-
a double check that leads to
mate. Johner has given awaY two
pieces-or I
b. needed to create a starl-
dard mate position.
3. To remove a defender.
4. To open the enemy King
position by
a. forcing the enemy King
to a wlnerable square-
or
b. creating a hole that be-
comes pivotal in the ar-
tack that follows.
Johner's Rook sacrifice gained
time for his 2. . . . . Q-B6. Had
White then played 3. R-Q1 to
make KBI available as an escape
square, Johner would have plaved
3.....NXNP.Thiswould
have won by a Long Dia,eonatr
mate (. . . . Q-N7 mate) or a h
different kind of mate with Bishop )
L.t

Swiss musician! Roots and a Queen to achieve and Knight (. . . . N-K7 mate)" b
a familiar mate! As we have seen repeatedl5,
2..... 186 the key to any mate is that the
3. BXR enemy King be on
1. aaaa a vulnerable
Speyer saw a way to threaten 2. mate square{ne on which it lacks
mate in one. He must have rea- escape squares or defenders-
soned that Johner would have to Johner's win illustrates one of Sometimes a Rook sacrifice that
play 3. . . . K X B to prevent
o the four reasons for which Rooks forces a King to such a square is
4. Q X P mate. But the Swiss can be sacrificed in the search for simple and direct. The sacrifice

$er was ready with a surPrise
t showed his ability to make
d his thorough knowledge of
qanJard mates!
] Q-RBch!
DIAGRAM 330
Ect llates in Ttwo Moves
L{Lr$S
Wtile's King is on the long
Em-l controlled bY BlacKs
@. AIl Black needs is the
Gct move with his Knight-
fuble check that leads to
$c. Johner has given awaY two
& ald a Queen to achieve
:rrrriliar matg!
1. aa al
L mate
troher's win illustrates one of
e fm reasons for which Rooks
o be sacrificed in the search for
Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate
mate or the decisive win of ma-
terial.
l. To gain time for attacking
moves by other pieces.
2. To open a line
a. needed by your own
pieces----or
b. needed to create a stan-
dard mate position.
3. To remove a detender.
4. To open the enemy King
position by
a. forcing the enemy King
to a wlnerable squarc.-
or
D. creating a hole that be-
comes pivotal in the at-
tack that follows.
Johner's Rook sacrffice gained
time for his 2. . . . . Q-B6. Had
White then played 3. R-Q1 to
make KBI available as an escape
square, Johner would have played
3.....NXNP.Thiswould
have won by a Long Diagonal
mate (. . . . Q-N7 mate) or a
different kind of mate with Bishop
and Knight (. . . . N-K7 mate).
As we have seen repeatedly,
the key to any mate is that the
enemy King be on a vulnerable
square{ne on which it lacks
escape squares or defenders.
Sometimes a Rook sacrifice that
forces a King to such a square is
simple and direct. The sacrffice
2t3
is obvious. It cannot be refused.
A simple standard mate follows
at once. Here are two positions
demanding such a Rook sacri-
fice. You can find the correct se-
quence of moves if you are
familiar with standard mating
patterns.
DIAGRAM 33I
White Mates in Four Moves
AN.dT,YSIS
White's goal: to mate by a sup-
ported Queen at KN7.
Barriers: Black's Kiog must
be forced to its KNl; the Rook
defender at Black's KN3 must
be removed.
Solution: Attack the King and
then sacrffice a Rook at White's
KR8!
1. QX Pch R-R3
2.
3.
4. mate
 Checkmate!
DIAGRAJTA 332
Black Mates in Two Moves
ANALYSIS
Blaclls goal: to mate by attack
on two adjacent files.
Barrier: the White Pawn at
KR2 must be removed to open
the KR file.
Solution: Remove the White
KRP!
1.
) With the Rook, for example:
mate
Unfortunately for the player
who likes wins to come with
great ease, positions like those of
Diagrams 331 and 332 are not
very common. Deeper analysis is
usually needed before you can
decide a Rook sacrifice is justi-
fied. Consider the rest of this
chapter an introduction to the
kind of thinking that can first
indicate that a Rook sacrifice
should be considered and then
shows whether or not it is cor-
re*t.
Queen sacrifices are easier to
understand than most other sac-
rifices because the Queen can
control so many squares that it
severely limits the possible re-
sponses to its invasion of a King
position. This makes your
decision-making easier, for there
are few variations needing exam-
ination<ften only one. But a 1..
Rook, a Knight, or a Bishop
does not control so many squares.
Your opponent can often refuse
thesacrffice of one of these
pieces, even though such refusal
may mean the loss of a Pawn or
a piece. If your opponent can
ignore your sacrifice and make
an attacking move instead, you
may flnd yourself with a lost
game. It
is therefore necessary
to have an immediate second
threat attached to your sacriflce.
L. You may be checking when
your Rook reaches the square
at which the sacrifice is of-
fered. Such a check may mean
the acceptance of the sacrffice
is forced.
2. If. the Rook offer is a clear-
ance sacrffice (opening a line
for the completion of one of
the standard mates), your op-
ponent must first prevent that
mate. This means the Rook
can attack or capture at will.
Roofr S
3. A Rook sacrifice can so
clearly open up an enemy
King position that the subse-
quent pileup of pieces to force
a standard mate is obvious_
especially when the Khg
lacks defenders.
Rook sacrffices are most suc-
cessful when one or more of these
conditions exist:
You have an open file along
which you can attack 1fos King
position with other pieces
after the Rook has been sac-
rfficed.
2. You threaten an immediare
mate once the capture is ac-
cepted.
3. You win material or threaten
mate even if the sacrifice is
refused.
4. Your opponent's pieces are
not available to help defend
the King position.
How do you know that the
time is ripe for a Rook sacrifice?
The positions that follow illu;
trate such sacrffices in positions
frequently met in chess practice-.
Note that the analysis takes a
somewhat new course, examinin_g
alternate lines of play in greater
detail to help you learn to cor
sider possibilities when sacrifices
are refused. Pay special atterF
tion to these "if" situations-tbe
kinds of decisio$r you must faa€
during any mating attack
 Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate 215

trows whether or not it is cor- 3. A Rook sacriflce can so

rect.
Queen sacrifices are easier to
rmderstand than most other sac-
rifices because the Queen can
conrol so many squates that it
severell' limits the possible re-
qloLses to its invasion of a King
poa.iiion. This makes your
deci'ion-making easier, for there
ere few variations needing exam-
ination<ften only one. But a
clearly open up an enemy
King position that the subse-
quent pileup of pieces to force
a standard mate is obvious-
especially when the King
lacks defenders.
Rook sacrifices are most suc-
cessful when one or more of these
conditions exist:
1. You have an open file along DIAGRAAA 333

Rook, a Knight, or a BishoP
does not control so many squares.
Your opponent can often refuse
tbe sacrifice of one of these
;ieces, even though such refusal
mar mean the loss of a Pawn or
a piece. If your opponent can
ig.^re ),our sacrifice and make
rn aiacking move instead, you
EraI- f,nd yourself with a lost
game. It is therefore necessary
to have an immediate second
threat attached to your sacrifice.
E1rh the Rook, for example:
1. You may be checking when
1'cur Rook reaches the square
at which the sacrffice is of-
, fered. Such a check may mean
the acceptance of the sacrffice
is forced.
L li ihe Rook offer is a clear-
ance sacrifice (opening a line
for the completion of one of
the standard mates), your op-
ponent must first prevent that
mate. This means the Rook
can attack or capture at will.
which you can attack the King
position with other pieces
atter the Rook has been sac-
rfficed.
2. You threaten an immediate
mate once the capture is ac-
cepted.
3. You win material or threaten
mate even if the sacrifice is
refused.
4. Your opponent's pieces are
not available to help defend
the King position.
How do you know that the
'ime is ripe for a Rook sacrifice?
The positions that follow illus-
trate such sacrifices in positions
frequently met in chess practice.
Note that the analysis takes
somewhat new course, examining
alternate lines of play in greater
detail to help you leam to con-
sider possibilities when sacrifices
are refused. Pay special atten-
tion to these "if" situations-the
kinds of decisions you must face
during any mating attack.
Black Sacrifices a Rook
and Mates in Six Moves
ANALYS$
What conditions should make
you consider a Rook sacrifice?
You have a Rook on a half-open
file. The Rook can capture with
check. The Black Queen, Rook,
and Bishop then bear on an open
King position. White's pieces are
on the other side of the board.
Blaclls goal: to open the King
position.
Barrier: the White KNP.
Solutionz
L R. X Pch!
a
a. Suppose White refuses the sac-
rffice by playng 2. K-R.l.
Find the mate threat if Black
then plays 2. .. . . Q-R2.
3..... mate
b. Now find the mate if White
plays (from Diagram 333):
216 Checkmate!
Rook fu
1. RXPch And show how mate in two is
b.2. PXR (permitting a starF fo
2. Q-R2 still forced after dard mate by a supported onr

Queen)
3. 5. R-82
4. 2. aaaa
6. mate
5. 3.
4. mate
Therefore, White must accept
the sacriflce. c. 2. P-N3 (permitting mate at
once)
L..... RXPch
2.KXR R-Nlch 2. .... mate

c. Find Black's mate in one

after
3. K-B3
Then White must PlaY
3. K-Rl Q-K5ch
4. P-83 Q-K7 DIAGRAM 335
Black Mates in Four Moves

ANALYSIS
Again the conditions are ripe
for a Rook sacrifice. A Rook is A
on a half-open flle. Its sacrifice
threatens an immediate mate. DIAGMM 336
E
Enemy pieces cannot defend the White Mates in lhre€ Move
King position.
o
ANALYSIS Iil
Black's goal: to open the King
o1
position. Once you see that the eneln.r
Barrier: the White KRP. King lacks escape squares, seek
DIAGRAM 334
Solution: an effective check that maY lead
o
Black f,'orces Mate in Three to mate. All White needs here
Moves Beginning with 1...... RXP! hn
is a move that oPens the diagon-al
.oo.Q-K7 Mate is threatened by 2. . . . .
for a Queen check.
Q-R7. White can try three
White's goal: a Queen check
rh
moves to prevent that mate- B
d. Find the mate in two if White at KN6.
each of which fails. Barrier: a Black Pawn keeps IE
tries to prevent Black's threat-
P.
ened5.....Q-NTmateby a. 2. KR-KI (to create an es- the diagonal closed.
5. R-N1
cape square) Solution: Because it is offered
6. 2 mate with check, a Rook sacrifice
 Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate 217

b. 2. P X R (permitting a stan- forces the openingof the diag-

-{nd show how mate in two is
srill forced after dard mate by a supported onal-with mate to follow.
Queen) 1.
5. R-B2
2. 2.
6 mate
3. 3. mate
4. mate
c. 2. P-N3 (permittingmate at
once)
2,.... mate

DIAGRAM 335
lhct \Iates in Four Moves
DIAGRA,.II 337
L{LYSIS
White Mates in T\vo Moves
"{gain :he conditions are ripe
: a Ru--ok sacriflce. A Rook is ANALYS$
a hali-open flle. Its sacrifice
This is a Rook sacrifice to open
rEzurns an immediate mate. DIAGRAIA 336
r*<rrr pie;es cannot defend the \ilhite Mates in Thre€ Moves a line for a simple mate with
DS pc':l:1o[.
Queen and Bishop. If the Rook
Blaci's goal: to open the King ANALYilS were not on the board, mate in
one would follow.
rsitL.n. Once you see that the enemy
furier: the White KRP. White's goal: to gain time for
King lacks escape squares, seek
sal;c,,ion: an effective check that may lead Q X P mate.
to mate. A11 White needs here Barrier: the White Rook
I..... RXP! blocks the diagonal.
is a move that opens the diagonal
IrIa:e ls threatened by 2. . . . .
tor a Queen check. Solution: Fhd a move with
l-R7. \\hite can try three Whitds goal: a Queen check the Rook that does not permit
ETgs to prevent that mate- Black to find time for a detensive
at KN6.
xh o{ which fails. Barrier: a Black Pawn keeps move like . . . . P-B3 or . . . .
" Z KR-K1 (to create an es- the diagonal closed. P-KN3.
cape square) Solution: Becauseit is oftered 1.
2-.... mate with check, a Rook sacrifice 2. mate
218 Checkmate!
DIAGRAM 338
VYhite lVins a Knight or Mates
A.I\ALYSIS
One of the most common Rook
sacrifices is the move R X N
to open a Knight file when other
pieces can then threaten a Long
Diagonal mate or a mate by
Queen and Rook on open f,les.
R X N wins material more often
than it forces mate.
White's goal: to open the KN
file and the long diagonal.
Barrier: the Knight is pro-
tected; the White Pawn at Q4
blocks the diagonal.
Solution: Remove the Knight
and sacrifice the Pawn.
1. RXN! PXR
Otherwise White can move the
Rook away and remain a piece
ahead.
2. Q-N4ch K-Rl
And now White forces the
mate.
3. P-Qs Q x r6n4
Other Black moves do not pre-
vent the mate.
4.BXPmate
Find the mate on 3.
R-KN1
4.
5. mate
The move R X N in such po-
sitions can lead to a mating at-
tack even when your opponent
refuses the sacrifice and attempts
a counterattack. Play through
this analysis from Diagram 338:
1.R X N, KR-KI;2. V
N4, Q X BP; 3. QR-K81,
OXB (Black has regained
his piece but is now subject to
a mating attack that includes
another Rook sacrifice); 4.
R X BP (threatening 5. Q X
P mate), P-KN3; 6. R X
RP! (for on 6. K X R;
7. R-B7ch, K-Rl; 8. Q-
R4ch, K-Nl; 9. Q-R7
mate). Q-QB7; 7. Q-R4
and Black has no reply to the
threat of 8. R-R8ch, K-
N2; 9. Q-R7 mate. A11 Black
could do in this line is to delay
the mate a bit by grving up his
Queen and Rook in a series
of spite checks.
The rule to follow when RX
N is possible is to make certain
you can then bring two or more
Rr
other pieces to bear on t
opened King position wheo
lacks defenders. Queen and Rc,
or Queen and Bishop often srfr
to then mate or gain materia-tr-
There we have it-Rook s:
rifices that win material or l=.
to mate when they are accep:.
The positions that follow E
further illustrations of the :
ideas we have examined.
1. The Rook sacrifice with ch=
to open a King position-
2. T\e R.ook sacrifice that ir
duces new nnate threats.
3. The Rook sacrifice to epe:
line.
4. The Rook sacrifice to fomr
King to a vulnerable squ,s.nE
5. The Rook sacrffice that s:
material because accepting r.
sacrificed Rook permir Ere
ZAM.BELLY
DIAGRAM 339
_ MAROCZI-
Eungary,1897
Black Mates in Five }Iowc

3. P-Qs QX1687l
Other Black moves do not Pre-
mt the mate.
4. B X Pmate
Fmd the mate on 3.
,-I!\1
I The positions that follow are
mate
5.
The move R X N in such Po-
cion can lead to a mating at-
rct even when your oPPonent
{Es€s the sacrifice and attemPts
@unterattack. Play through
rfo analvsis from Diagram 338:
l. R X N, KR-KI:'2. V
!t4. Q X BP; 3. QR-KBI,
O )./. B @lack has regained
hls piece but is now subject to
a raati:rg attack that includes
ano[her Rook sacrifice); 4.
R '' BP (threatening 5. Q X
P rnate), P-KN3; 6. R X
RPI (for on 6. K X R;
7. R-B7ch, K-Rl; 8. Q-
Rkh. K-Nl; 9. Q-R7
ma:e). Q-QB7; 7. Q-R4
and Black has no reply to the
threat of 8. R-RSch, K-
Nl: 9. Q-R7 mate. All Black
could do in this line is to delay
tbe mate a bit by gving up his
Queen and Rook in a series
of s'pite checks.
The rule to follow when RX
t is p,ossible is to make certain
m can then bring two or more
Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate 219
other pieces to bear on the ANALYSN
opened King position when it Black's goal: to force the
lacks defenders. Queen and Rook White King to its fitth rank to
or Queen and Bishop often suffice permit attack by the Queen at
to then mate or gain material. KR6.
There we have it-Rook sac- Barrier: White is a Rook and
rifices that win material or lead a Bishop ahead. Given time, the
to mate when they are accepted. White pieces will go into action
and end Black's attack.
further illustrations of the five S oluti on : Marcczy played
ideas we have examined.
L. . . . . R-R.4ch!
1. The Rook sacrifice with check 2. KXR, Q-R6ch
to open a King position. 3. K-Ns
2. \\e Rook sacrifice that intro-
duces new mate threats. And now Black mated in three
3. The Rook sacrffice to open a more moves by forcing the White
line. King to its K5 with a pair of
4. The Rook sacrifice to force a Pawn checks. A Queen move
King to a rnrlnerable square. then mated.
5. The Rook sacrifice that wins
material because accepting the 3. oaaa
sacrificed Rook permits mate. 4.
5. mate
All made possible by a Rook
sacrifice that gained time for the
critical Queen check at R6!
DIAGRAAA 339
ZAM.BE.LLY MAROCZY
-
Eungsry,1897
Black Mates in Five Moves
 Rook Soqi+
Checkmatel

DIAGRAIA 342
DIAGMM 340 DIAGRAAA 34I
SCHUMOV _ JAENISCII
KOLTANOWSKI AMATEUR TAPT{N HEINRICH
- St. Petersburg, 1914
- D allas, 194 I
Blindf old Exhibition, New York,1974
B1ack Mated in Five llloves
White Mates in Three Moves White Mates in Three Moves

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
A.NALYstrs
IVhite's goal: to remove the White's goal: to oPen the diag- Blnck's goal: tooPen Black's I

King position for a mating at'-ack

Black KNP and thus threaten onal for his BishoP while forcing ,..!
based on control of the KN fle. iJ)
mate. the Black King to a square where
Barrier: a Rook defends the it will have no escaPe squares. Barrier: the White KNP
Barrier: the White Rook is on Solution: Open the file qith a
Pawn.
Solution: Offer a Rook sacri- the diagonal. Rook sacrifice. First check tle
Solution: Julio KaP16n, one- ;..ntinuation if the sacrifice is ac-
fice to threaten two mates at the
time child prodigy, later World --:pted, as it was in the gama
same time.
1. RXPch! RXR Junior Champion, and todaY an 1..... RXPch
2. Q-R8 mate active International Master, 2. KXR Q-N3ch
knows how to take advantage of 3. K_R1 B_elch
This was the actual finish of
a mate opportunitY. He forces 4. P-B3 I
the game. It is mate in three after
the Black King to its KB 1 with a
1. RXFch! K-R2 double check, sacrifices his
:" -A.-ud mate follows quiciily t':-
--ause the White Rook at IG i
2. Knight, and mates with his
3. mate c:rnot protect the I(BP -j
Queen. A11 of which illustrates a
Note how the Rook sacrffice Rook sacrifice to force a King =iI prevent mate at his [}-1. I
removed a defender (the Black to a vutnerable square.
Rook- defended both KN3 and mate
KRl) and, when refused, left the 1.
sacrifice al-.;
Black King vulnerable to mate 2.
by the Queen and Rook. Rook 3. mate
sacri-f,ces often serve more than
one purpose.
 Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate 22t
L..... RXPch
2. K-Rl R. X Pch
3. KXR,
For a mate in three follows
3. K-N1
4.
5. mate
c. Therefore, after 1. . . . . R X
Pch;2. K-Rl, R X Pch; 3.
K X R, Black plays
DIAGRAM 342
DIAGRAA{ 34I
SCHUMOV JAENISCH
3.,... Q-RSch
TAPTiN
-
HEINRICH
-
St. Petersburg, 1914 4. K-N2 Q-R6ch
New York,1974
Black Mated in Five Moves 5. K-N1
tlhite Mates in Three Moves
And mate in two follows.
I\.{LYSIS AI'{ALYSIS
5.
he 11'hite's goal: to open the diag- Blnck's goal: to open Black's 6. mate
Ir cnal for his Bishop while forcing King position for a mating attack
based on control of the KN file. d. In this line, White can try
*e Black King to a square where 4. K-Nl, when Black mates
he i: n-ill have no escape squares. Baruier: the White KNP
Barrier: the White Rook is on Solution: Open the file with a with 4. R-N1 ch,
Rook sacrifice. First check the 5.8-N5,RXNmate.
ri- il: diagonal.
he Solution: Julio Kap16n, one- continuation if the sacrifice is ac-
l.re child prodigy, later World cepted, as it was in the game.
Junior Champion, and today an 1..... RXPch
aciive International Master, 2. KXR Q-N3ch
d lnows how to take advantage of 3. K-Rl B-Q4ch
ff
? mate opportunity. He forces 4. P-B3
;re Black King to its KB1 with a
Couble check, sacrifices his a. And mate follows quickly be-
cause the White Rook at KB1
K-aight, and mates with his
cannot protect the tr(BP and
Oleen. All of which illustrates a
EA Rook sacrifice to force a King still prevent mate at his KN1.
ck ro a wlnerable square. 4. .aaa
DIAGRAA{ 343
Dd 5. mate
be SCHMID ROSSOLIMO
1
b. Refusing the sacrifice also -
Heidelberg,1949
EE
mate
loses. Black Sacrifices Ilso Rooks
ok 3
anil Wins
e,n
 Rook !
222 Checknute!
BlaclCs goal: to open the White
ANALYSIS 4. R-QS QXBch position for a series of checks.
Sometimes an opponent can 5. K-R.1 QXRch
Barrier: the White KRP and
ward off mate by giving uP ma- 6. K-N2 Q-B7ch
the White Rook preventing . . .
terial. In this position the onlY 7. K-R1 Q-B6ch
P-B7.
.

defense to a mate leaves Black a

8. K-Nl BXR
Solution: Sacrffice the Rook at
Queen ahead-which means a And the threat of mate at R7!
mate will follow anyway in a few KN7 or KN8 forces White to
more moves. resign or give up his Queen. 1. . .. . RX Pch!
Black's goal: to open the White
d. Find the mate after a. How does Black mate if Sbite
King position to permit the long
diagonal to be opened later. 9. Qxn QXQ refuses the sacrifice?
Barrier: White's King is behind 10. K-R2
11.
2. K-N1 R-Nlch
its Pawns, while the White Bishop 3. KXR marc
prevents the advance ofthe 12.
or
Black KP necessary to open the 1.3. mate
3. K-81 mate
diagonal.
Solution: Open the King posi- b. Or White can try to prevenr
tion and the diagonal by two the mate by giving up maiE-
Rook sacrifices! rial. 1.....RXPch!;2,
1..... RXPch! K-Nl, R-Nlch; 3. B-N5,
RXBch;4.QXR,QX
a. Obviously White cannot re- Qch; 5. K X R, Q-R5ch
fuse the sacriflce, for on
6. K-Nl, Q-N6ch; 7. K-
2. K-R1 B1. But what Black move nor
forces the win of a Rook a few
2. KXR RXPch
moves later?
b. Now if White refuses the sac-
riflce he is mated in two 7. ....
moves.
c. So White
3. K-N1 Rook.
4. DIAGRAM 344
BEST MUIR 1. aaaa
So he plays: -
Coruespondence, 1975 c RXR,
3. BXR Black Mated in Three Moves 5.

c. Find the mate in one if White ANALYS$

plays
Rook sacrifices are often the
4. K-N1 (or mate preludes to lethal discovered
K-R2) checks.
 Rook Satifrces Leading to Mate 223

BlaclCs goal: to open the White

4. R-Qs QXBch position for a series of checks.
5. K-R1 QXRch Barrier: the White KRP and
6. K-N2 Q-B7ch the White Rook preventing . . . .
7. K-RL Q-B6ch P-B7.
8. K-N1 BXR Solution: Sacrffice the Rook at
And the threat of mate at R7!
IN7 or KNS forces White to
resign or give up his Queen. 1..... RXPch!
& Find the mate after a. How does Black mate if White
9. Qxn QXQ refuses the sacrifice?
DIAGRAAA 345
10. K-R2 2.K-Nl R-N1ch TAUBENIIAUS _ JANOWSKI
11.
11.
3.KXR mate Paris,1903
or IVhite Mates in Four Moves
13. mate
3. K-Bl mate
ANALYSIS
b. Or White can try to prevent Again we have a Rook sacri-
the mate by grving up mate- fice to force a King to a vulner-
rial. 1.....RXPch!;2. able square. Note that there are
K-NI, R-Nlch; 3. B-N5, no Black defenders near his King.
RXBch;4.QXR,QX Whitds goal: to open the King
Qch; 5. K X R, Q-RSch; position, gaining t'me for a Queen
6. K-Nl, Q-N6ch; 7. K- check.
81. But what Black move now Barrier: the Black KRP.
forces the win of a Rook a few Solution: Capture the KRP
moves later? with check.
7. .... 1. R X Pch!
c. So White had to take the
Rook. a. How does White mate in two
DIAGRAM 344 moves if Black refuses the
BEST MUIR 1. aaoa RXFch sacrifice?
-
Correspondence, 1975 2. R.XR P-B7ch
Black Mated in Three Moves 3. mate 1..... K-N1
2.
[\.{LYSIS 3. mate
Rook sacrifices are often the b. And how does White use his
peludes to lethal discovered
Queen and Rookto force mate
checks.
 Rc-"h:
224 Checkmate!
in three more moves after Let's close our examination of
1. R-Ql!
Black accepts the sacrffice? the Rook sacrifice with a position a. Begin by examining 1.
1. KXR in which the pe.rsistent offer of a Q-Kl. How does White rh;r
2.
Rook-refused again and again mate in two more moves?
led to a forced mate.
3. -finally 1. R.-Ql Q-Kl
4. mate 2.
3. mate
So Black decides he must r:-
move the White Knight, theiecl
freeing Black's I<BZ as an esi?i
square.
1. R-Qr_ QXPch
2. K-81! Qxx
The White King moved to B 1
to avoid later checks by the Bl.a;r
Queen. Now White makes t-L<
first Rook offer.
3. R-Qs
D]AGRAM 346 b. Find White's mate in ts'o ai::r
AMATEUR
-
JANOWSKI DIAGRAM 347 3. R-Qs QXR
France,1921 4.
KOLTANOWSKI DUNKELBAUM
Black Mates in Two Moves - Antw erp,
Blindlold Exhibition, I 9 29 5. mate
A Rook Sacrffice Forces Mate
Since the Rook cannot be cap-
ANALYSTS
fured, the Black Queen seel:-. 3,
Sometimes a mate awaits only .ANALYSIS
square from which it can sii-I C:-
the removal of a defender. If that White hopes to mate by driv- fend the Knight.
can be done with a check, so that ing the Black Queen away from
the opponent does not have time 3. .... Q-Rs
the defense of its Knight. To do
to bring up another defender, the this he first sacrifices a Pawn and
4. R-Rs!
mate is immediate. a Knight, and then makes the flrst The same mate threat (as i-
Black's goal: mate by Q X RP. of three offers of a Rook. b.) exists if the Rook is cap:srd,
Barrier: White's KNP defends White's goal: to remove a de- now.
the KRP. fender.
Solution: Remove the de- Barrier: the Black Queen de-
fender! fends the Black Knight.
1. Solution: Drive the Queen
2. mate away!
 Rook Sacrifices Leading to Mate 225

I-et's close our exElmination of

1. R-Q1! 4..... Q-83
5. R-KBS! R.esigns
h Rcok sacrifice with a position a. Begin by examining 1.
n s-hjch the persistent offer of a Q-Kl. How does White then For there are no longer any
look-refused again and again mate in two more moves? squares on which the Queen can
protect the Knight.
-Sratly led to a forced mate. 1. R-Ql Q-K1
2. c. Find the mate after
3. mate
QXR
So Black decides he must re- 6.
move the White Knight, thereby 7.
freeing Black's KB2 as an escape 8. mate
square.
1. R-Q1 QXPch REMEMBER!
2. K-Bl! QXN 1. Consider a
Rook sacrifice
The White King moved to B1 when you have open lines and
to avoid later checks by the Black your opponents's King lacks
Queen. Now White makes his defenders.
first Rook offer. 2. Rook sacrffices succeed when
3. R-Qs you can bring two or more
pieces-especially a Queen
b. Find White's mate in two after and a second piece-to bear
DIAGRAM 347 3. R-Q5 QXR on the opened King position.
XoI-TA\OWSKI DUNKELBAUM 4. 3. Your opponent may decline
- Antw erp, 1 929
Bijr;i t-td E xhibition, 5. mate the sacrffice. Make certain you
A Rook Sacrffice Forces Mate have a mate threat or a forced
Since the Rook cannot be cap-
gain of material, should that
tured, the Black Queen seeks a
L\-{I-YSIS occur.
square from which it can still de-
4. Since a Rook sacriflce should
Sti;e hopes to mate bY driv- fend the Knight.
be the preliminary to the forc-
rEg rhe Black Queen away from
3. .. ., Q-Rs ing of one of the standard
Ibe defense of its Knight. To do
rhis he first sacrifices a Pawn and
4. R-r 5! mates, make certain you see
The same mate threat (as in that mate as a possibility be-
l Knic'h1, and then makes the first fore you consider the Rook
d firee offers of a Rook. b.) exists if the Rook is captured
now. sacrffice.
E'iutds goal: to remove a de-
[*rrder.
Barrier: the Black Queen de-
fends the Black Knight.
hiution: Drive the Queen
asal-!
 Sacrificing the BishcP w M
IVblte Black B-I
COCHRANE AMATEUR
CHAPTER 19 MUZrO GAMBTT
(
1. P-K4 P-K4 1

Sacrificing the Bishop 2.P-K.B,4 PXP t

The King's Gambit AccePted, Cl
to Mate or Win Material an opening most dangerous for me",
Black when, as in this game, he pare
neglects his development in order KB I
to hold on to his extra Pawn.
t
3. N-KB3 P-KN4 I
4. B-B4 P_Ns
5. OJ) PXN BI

Too Bad He Lived in India!

About L82O a brilliant young
player named John Cochrane
caused a sensation in the chess
clubs that made London a na-
tional chess center. There were
then only a few dozen European
players we would today call mas-
ters, and Cochrane seemed ready
to become the equal of any of
them. But young men need ca-
reers, and Cochrane found his in
India. He spent his entire adult
life in Madras except for the
"vacations home" he received
6. QXP Stuq
against John Cochrane. OnIy a YtlEr
handful of Cochrane's games
I(
against the leading players of his
time remain in chess literature. li
It's a pity, for we can never know
how well he might have done had
he had a concentrated chess ca-
reer. Yet he still left a number
of brilliant reminders of his dan-
gerous attacking skill against op
ponents of all kinds.
Cochrane's readiness to sacri-
fice is illustrated by a game
I
played during his 1842 visit to
I-ondon. He chose an opening in
DIAGRAT\I 348

This is the Muzio

every few years. Cochrane would
spend part of each leave in Lon-
don's chess clubs, where his rep-
utation brought two results.
Amateurs clamslsal for a game
with him; England's best players
stayed away-some say because
they feared the results of play
226
I
which a Knight is sacrificed to
gain time for quick developmenl
White has sufEcient
Gambit-
comPerIS,F
tion for his Ifuight with thr*
I
He then gave up a Rook for pieces bearing on the Black King
H
further development. After only position. The oPening is rareil-
eleven moves he was able to sac- played today because Black can
rifice a Bishop in a position where obtain an equal game b1' refus- -tf
a later Queen sacrifice forced ing to accept the gambit-in-qteari
q
mate. playing such moves as 2. . . . . Blar
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Material 227

Whlte Black P-Q4 or 2.

COCIIRANE AMATEUR
MUZIO GAMBIT
6. .... Q-K2
1. P_K4 P-K4 7. P-Q4 B-N2
,ishop 2.P_KB.4 PXP 8. BXP!

Ilaterial The King's Gambit AccePted, Cochrane's goal is develop-

an opening most dangerous for ment. This move served to pre-
Black when, as in this game, he pare the later attack along the
neglects his develoPment in order KB file.
to hold on to his extra Pawn.
8..... BXPch
3. N_KIT:} P-KN4 9. K-Rl BXP?
4. B_84 P_Ns
s. o-o PXN Black's play provides a case
6. QXP study of how to lose bY neglecting
LLf
against John Cochrane. Only a your development.
yuJEs handful of Cochrane's games
10. N-83 BXR
fuane against the leading players of his
ch;ss time remain in chess literature. 11. N-Qs Q-84
a ca- It's a pity, for we can never know
ser3 how well he might have done had
oPeen he had a concentrated chess ca-
Irnzs- reer. Yet he still left a number
rta,Ji- of brilliant reminders of his dan-
ryef serous attacking skill against op-
d ca- ponents of all kinds.
Xds in Cochrane's readiness to sacri-
adul fice is illustrated by a game DIAGRAAT 348
r the played during his 1842 visit to
rft,eC I-ondon. He chose an opening in This is the Muzio Gambit.
rcold which a Knight is sacrificed to White has sufficient comPensa-
Lon- gain time for quick development. tion for his Knight with three DIA,GRATY{ 349
B reP He then gave up a Rook for pieces bearing on the Black King \ilhite Mated in Four MoYes
s]is. further development. After only position. Thc opening is rarelY
gzm.e eleven moves he was able to sac- played today because Black can
hryen riice a Bishop in a position where obtain an equal game by refus- ANALYSIS
car6e a later Queen sacrifice forced ing to accept the gambit-instead With flve pieces in play and a
Plal; mate. playing such moves as 2. ... . Black King position without de-
276
228 Checkmotel
fenders, all White needs is a move
that clears the KB file. He ofiers
his Bishop as a clearance sacri-
fice. Black accepts it as he has
everything else.
QXB
K-Q1
4. mate
Black could have prolonged
the game with 1. . . . . N-KR3,
but would then have been lost
after 2. B X Q, B-K4 (to pro-
tect his QBP); 3. Q-R5! White
will win another piece or mate.
The earlier chapters have in-
cluded many Bishop sacrifices as
parts of mating attacks. But there
are three special kinds of com-
mon positions in which the
Bishop sacrifice alone makes the
mate possible.
1. As in Cochrane's game, a
Bishop sacrifice can clear a
line for a mating attack. Such
a sacrifice wins when the mate
threat can be forestalled only
by leaving an attacked piece
where it is. Thus, if the Bishop
sacrifice involves a capture
or an attack on another piece,
and that piece cannot be
moved without mate follow-
ing, then the Bishop has won
or will win material.
2. Bishop sacrifices can win by
torcing the enemy King to a
Sacrificing the BLrlrT
vulnerable sqwre. . . one on
which it can be attacked with
gain of time. If the King lacks
defenders and the Bishop sac-
rffice leads to the entry of two
or more of your pieces-usu-
ally a Queen and a piece
that supports it on the square
where it will mate-then the
sacrifi.ce is called "correct."
Of course, if defenders pre-
vent the entry of your pieces, DIAGRAM 350
then the sacrifice is incorrect. IVhite lldates in Two
Thus, check to make certain or Wins Black's Queen
you can invade before at-
tempting the sacrifice. ANALYSIS
'lVhite's real
3. Bishop sacrifices, like any threat: if the
other sacrifices, can, open the White Bishop were not on the
enemy KW position. But board, Q-KB8 would be mate.
such an opening must be fol- The diagonal to KB8 musr be
lowed by the entry of other cleared. What Bishop move opecs
pieces to force mate whether that line and simultaneouslv at-
or not the Bishop is captured. tacks and wins Black's Queen?
Often such a sacrifice wins
a. It the sacrifice is accepted:
material when the opponent
finds it necessary to sacriflce
2. mate
in return to prevent mate.
b. If the sacrifice is declined:
1. _ K-Nl
The positions analyznd in this
2. - winning the
chapter illustrate these three
kinds of Bishop sacrifice, in each Queen
case leading to mate or the gain
of material. Let's begn with ex-
-,
amples of clearance sacrifices of
the Bishop to help make a mate
possible.
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Mateial 229

vulnerable sqwtre. . . one on

which it can be attacked with
gain of time. If the King lacks
defenders and the BishoP sac-
rifice leads to the entry of two
or more of your pieces-usu-
ally a Queen and a Piece
that supports it on the square
shere it will mate-then the
sacrifice is called "correct."
Of course, if defenders Pre-
vent the entry of your Pieces, DIAGRAM 350 DIAGRAAA 35I

then the sacrifice is incorrect. White Mates in Ttwo KOLTANOWSKI AMATEUR

Thus, check to make certain or Wins Black's Queen -
Blindfold Exhibition,
Switzerland, 1937
j'ou can invade before at-
ANALYS$ White Mates in Six
tempting the sacrifice.
or Wins Black's Queen
3. Bishop sacrifices, like any White's real threat: if the
other sacrifices, can open the White Bishop were not on the ANAI.YSIS
enemy King position. But board, Q-KB8 would be mate.
such an opening must be fol- The diagonal to KB8 must be White's real threal: if the KR
lowed by the entry of other cleared. What Bishop move opens flle can be opened, White can
pieces to force mate whether that line and simultaneously at- force mate by a supported Queen
or not the Bishop is captured. tacks and wins Black's Queen? along that file. Fortunately for
Often such a sacrifice wins White, the Black Queen has no
a. If the sacrifice is accepted: escape squares against an attack
material when the opponent
finds it necessary to sac'rffice by the White Bishop.
mate
in return to prevent mate. 1. B-Ns!
t b. Il the sacrifice is declined:
1. _ K-N1 a. It the sauifice is declined:
I The positions analyzed in this
I 2. winning the on any move other than 1.
chapter illustrate these three P X B, White will caP-
Queen.
' kinds of Bishop sacrifice, in each ture the Black Queen.
n
case leading to mate or the gain -, b. If the sacrifice is accepted:
t of material. Let's begn with ex-
l
amples of clearance sacrifices of 1. O"' PXB
the Bishop to help make a mate 2. PXP Q-K2
pcssible. 3.
4.
5.
6. mate
 Checkmatel
Sacrificing the Bbhop t
2. N-NSch
3. P X Bdisch
3. PXBdisch K-N3
4. Q-RSch K-84
4. FRSch 5. Q-Rlch K-Ks
5. Q-Rilch 6. mate
6. Q-R7 mate
ft's important to understand d. 1. BXPch KXB
that alternate Black moves would
2. N-NSch B X N
also be followed by mate or some
3. P - X B dis ch K-Nl
4.
significant gain of material. In
5.
each of the following linss, begin
6.
DIAGRAM 352
by setting up the position of Dia-
gram352. 7. mate
Gnrco's PosrrroN r l6L9
TYhite Mates in Six Moves e. And finally, consider:
a.1. BXPch KXB
2. N-NSch K-Nl I. BXPch K-Rl
AT{ALYSE 3.FRs! 2. N-Ns BXN
This position was Published in 3. PXB R_Kl
Greco's Treatise on Cluss, one Threatening 4. Q-R7 mate. 4. Q-Rs NXQP
of the first chess books. After 3..... BXN 5. B-N6 dis ch K-N1
questionable opening play bY 4. PXB P-83 or 6. Q-R8 mate
Black (1. P-K4, P-K3; 2.P-
P
B4 Now that you have plai'ed
Q4, N-KB3; 3. B-Q3, N-B3; 5. J
through the sequence of moves in
4. N-KB3,B-K2; 5. P-KR4, 6. mate h
the Greco position repeatedly, r€-
0-0; 6. P-K5, N-Q4) we turn to Diagram 352. Without
reach Diagram 352. The sacri- b. 1. BXPch KXB looking at the analysis, make cer-
fice demonstrated by Greco has 2. N-NSch K-N3 tain you understand how to male v
since been one of the most used Now White either mates in or win material in each line thar
standard attacks in chess. A two or wins Black's Queen. can follow the acceptance of the
Bishop is sacrificed to open a Bishop sacrifice. Then try the
6-

King position lacking defenders 3.

next three positions, each a dif-
when two or more pieces can 4. mate
ferent example of the mating at-
then be brougfut into action or tack illustrated by Greco so lone
against that King. b
ago.
3.
1. BXPch KXB 4.

Otherwise Black is a Pawn b+

hind with an opened King posi- c. 1.
tion- 2.
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Material 231
2. Iri-N5ch BXN 3. PXBdisch K-N3
3. PXBdisch K-N3
K-84 4. Q-RSch K-B4
4. FRSch 5. Q--Rilch K-Ks
5. Q-Ritch K-N3
6. Q-R7 mate
6. mate

ft's important to understand d. r. BXPch KXB

2. N-NSch B X N
ttatatternate Black moves would
3. P X B dis ch K-Nl
dso be followed by mate or some
4.
significant gain of material. In
5.
each of the following lines, begin
6.
by setting up the position of Dia-
7. mate DIAGRAM 353
gram352.
e. And finally, consider: YATES MAIIIN
& l.BXPch KXB -
Olympiad, Hamburg, 19 3 0
2. N-NSch K-Nl 1. BXPch K-R1 White Mates or YYins
3. G-Rs! 2. N-Ns BXN Black's Queen
3. PXB R_K1
Threatening 4. Q-R7 mate. 4. Q-Rs NXQP ANALYSIs
3..... BXN 5. B-N6 ilis ch K-N1 White's goal: mate by a sup-
4.PXB P-B3or 6. Q-R8 mate ported Queen at KR7.
84 Now that you have played Method: sacrifice the Bishop;
5. through the sequence of moves in check with the Knight and then
6. mate the Greco position repeatedly, re- bring in your Queen to force
b. 1. BXPch KXB turn to Diagram 352. Without mate.
looking at the analysis, make cer- Reminder: first decide what
2. N-NSch K-Ns you can doif the sacrifice is de-
tain you understand how to mate
liow White either mates in or win material in each line that clined.
two or wins Black's Queen. can follow the acceptance of the a. 1. B X Pch K-R1
Bishop sacrifice. Then try the 2. Q-Rs P-KN3
3.
next three positions, each a dif- 3.
4. mate
ferent example of the mating at- 4. mate
or tack illustrated by Greco so long
b. 1. B X Fch K-R1
ago.
3. 2. Q-Rs R-Ql
4. the J.
Queen 4.
5. mate
c. 1. BXPch KXB
-winning
2. N-NSch BXN And t the sacrifice r,t ac-
cepted:
232 Checkmatel Sacrificing rhe

c. 1. BXPch KXB defend against your threatened away from the Black Ki-c_s r
2. N-NSch K-Nl mate. Diagram 354 shows the tion.
type of position in which B X
4. mate Pch will not win-unless the po-
1. BXPch KXB
(Of course, if Black plays Q tential defender can be forced out If Black declines the sacr
X N along the way to prevent of the way. This is done by at- by 1. B X Pch, K-Rl; l-
-
the mate, then White has won
tacking it or forcing it to a Q3 or N1 leaves White r:a:
a Queen for two pieces-a de-
square where it is needed to de- prepare a new attack agai':i:
fend a piece. Once it does that, now open Black King po=i::
cisive gain of material.)
the mate threat comes alive. And
d. Find the win after:
2. N-NSch K-\1
if it tries to remain in position to
1. BXPch KXB prevent the mate, then you may a. Remember that \\hi:e :
2. N-NSch K-N3 win important material even the Black Queen after 2. .

3. N X KP dis ch K-R:t though you do not mate. K-R3 by:

3.
4.

b. And White mates cr nL

The success of the Bishop sac- Queen after2..... K
rffice we have been sa2pining @ by:
X Pch) depends on the moves
that follow it-usually a Knight
check at N5 and then either a mate
Queen check or a move that pre-
pares a Queen check. We can or
therefore reach a conclusion 3.
DIAGRAAA 354
about this type of sacrifice: do 4.
VYhite's Bishop Sacrifice Mates
not play such a move unless: 5. , winning'--r3
or Wins a Queen
Queen.
it forces the enemy King to
- a vulnerable square to which ANALYSIs 3. BxP! Qxn
you can then quicklY bring Whitds goal: mate after the
the pieces you need to mate moves B X Pch, N-NSch and
(And on 3. C}.-Q:
it. the entry of the Queen. BXR,QXB; 5.G-
the opponent lacks defenders Barrier: the Black Queen can Black must give up h-is Q-::
- of his King position. prevent the mate after 1. B X with 5. Q y \:: ;
If your opponent has time to P, K X B; 2. N-NSch, K- vent mate.)

bring a piece to the defense of Nl;3. Q-R5, Q-R3. Alternately, 3. fl

his King position, your sacriflce Solution: sacrifice the second 4.BXRleavesShi:eag:
may be in vain. That Piece can Bishop to get the Black Queen ahead with an easily won gar3
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Material 233

lEficnd against your threatened away from the Black King posi- c. 4, Q-Rs R-Q1
Ee. Diagram 354 shows the tion. 5.
ypc of position in which B X 6. mate
1. BXPch KXB
tt wilt not win-unless the Po-
Eilial defender can be forced out If Black declines the sacrffice
a ee way. This is done bY at- by 1. B X Pch, K-Rl; 2. B- -
Q3 or Nl leaves White ready to
qnre v'here it is needed to de- prepare a new attack against the
id a piece. Once it does that, now open Black King position.
lc mate threat comes alive. And 2. N-NSch K-N1
I 1 tries to remain in position to
rurent the mate, then You maY a. Remember that White wins
til important material even the Black Queen after 2.. . . .
togh you do not mate. K-R3 by:
3.
4.

D. And White mates or wins a DIAGRAM 355

Queen after 2. . .. . K-N3 KoLTANowsKI o'gANtoN
by: - 1937
Match, Dublin,
The Bishop Sacrifice Forces
the YYin
5. mate
ANALYSIS
IVhite's goal: to open the
Black King position-which
- lacks defenders.
fCs Bishop Sacrifice ll{ates 5. winning the
or Tlins a Queen Queen.
a. White has a yTinnilg attack if
the sacrifice is accepted:
TNALYSN 3.BXP! QXn 1.BXPch KXB
Yhitds goal: mate after the -,
(And on 3. Q-Q2; 4. 2.Q-RSch K-N1
EYes B X Pch, N-NSch and 3.QXRch K-R2
b entry of the Queen. BXR,QXB;5.Q-R5
Black must give up his Queen 4._
furiq: the Black Queen can with5. QXNtopre- and the entry of the White
FGrsnt the mate atter 1. B X Rook will prove decisive.
P, K X B; 2. N-NSch, K-
ventmate.)
Nl; 3. Q-Rs, Q-R3. Alternately, 3. . . . . Q-R3; b. Therefore, in the game Black
fulution: sastifice the second 4. B X R leaves White a piece tried to defend by declining
Bi$op to get the Black Queen ahead with an easily won game. the sacrifice:
 Socrificing the Bid
234 Checkmatel

1. BXPch K-B1
2. B-N6 R_Q1
3. rRs K-Kiz
4. N-Q4 B-Q2
5. RXN PXR
6. BXP Resigns

Suppose Black had plaYed

Q-81 or the Queen to an-
other safe square. White
would then mate in three bY:
DlAGRAlvt 357
6. .... Q-81 Black Mates in Four Moves
7. Black lllates in Fom Moves
8. ANALY$S
9. mate ANALYSIS Black's goal: to mate sfoh
A Bishop sacrifice, like any Black's Bishop is attacked. Queen and Knights.
other sacrifice, can be the critical Should it move to the "safe" Barrier: the Queen's entry iuto
preliminary to a mating attack. square Q4, White would mate at the White position is blocked b1
The sacrifice is most successful once by Q-BS. Fortunately, the the Black Bishop.
when it is made with check and White King is in the open and a Solution: sacrifice the Bishry!
the enemy King can escape that Bishop sacrifice permits Black to 1...... BXPch
check only by moving to a square mate. 2. NXB
where mate awaits it. Diagram
356 illustrates the kind of posi-
1..... BXPch!
a. Find the immediate mate off
tion in which a Bishop sacrifice a. Now there is a mate in two if
is indeed the only way to con- White accepts the sacrifice: 2. K-Rl rnare
tinue the game! 2. PXB 2 G-Kfth
3. mate And mate in two--more mor'es
must follow:
D. And a mate in three if White
declines the sacrffice:
b. 3. K-81 '!
2. K-K1
3.
or
4. mate 3. K-Rl
And therefore:
3.
4. E&
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Material 235

There you have it. BishoP sac-

rifices can leadto mate in the
three ways we have demonstrated
clearing lines for alreadY
-by
prepared mating attacks, bY forc-
ing a King to a vulnerable square,
or by opening a King Position. A
Bishop sacriflce that has two of
these results is of course more
dangerous. But it is necessary to
remember that the Bishop sacri-
DIAGRATYi 357 fice does not always force a mate.
DtAGRA,l,t 356
Black Mates in Four Moves You always then need two or
B Mates in Four Moves more pieces ready to bear on an
ANALYflS exposed King. You may have to
\LY$S Black's goal: to mate with be satisfied with some gain of ma-
is Queen and Knights. terial instead of the mate. In all
Es Bishop attacked.
Barrier: the Queen's entry into cases, you must see several moves
E it move to the "safe"
ahead-sometimes all of a forced
le Q4, White would mate at the White position is blocked by
iby Q-B8. Fortunately, the the Black Bishop. sequence of six or seven moves.
E King is in the open and a Solution: sacrffice the Bishop! The six positions that follow
review the chief types of Bishop
ry sacrifice permits Black to L..... BXPch
sacriflces. They tend to be longer
-
l
2. NXB than most of the attacks previ-
..... BXPch! ously examined in this book be-
a. Find the immediate mate on:
h there is a mate in two if cause they usually begin with a
ffie accepts the sacrifice: 2. K-Rl mate Bishop sacrifice and then one or

-?xB 2..... Q-KSch two basic follow-up moves. But

because such attacks follow
mate And mate in two- more moves
similar sequences of moves, you
must follow:
ld a mate in three if White should soon find it possible to
bdines the sacrifice: discover 4 yyinning attack in a
b. 3. K-Br. mate
given position of one of these
or types. Remember that your
mate 3. K-R1 mate mating attack can often be
stopped by some ruinous counter-
And therefore:
sacrffice of material. In modem
3. play attacks based on a Bishop
4. mate sacrifice may tbreaten mates, but
236 Checkrnate!
Sauificing the Bislwp,
more often lead to the win of c. The game concluded with
material insfs4fl.
1,. .... PXB
2. B-K4t
3.
4. mate

Becoming
- a World Class
Grandmaster

DIAGRAM 358
Black Mates in Four Moves
AT{ALY$S
Black's goal: to mate with his
Queen at KR6.
Barrier: getting the White KRP
out of the way; moving the
Queen to KR6 without gving
White time to bring his Queen to
the defense of his King position.
Solution: use a Bishop sacrifice
to gain time to get the Queen to
KR6; use a Ifuight sacriflce to
open the KR file.
DIAGRAAA 359
The entire world now uses a
_ rating system for chess plal'ers
TOLTANOWSKI AIVIATET'R
BlindfoW Exhibition,
first developed by Professor
Los Angeles,7949 Arpad Elo of the United States
TVhite Mateil in Four Moves Players gain points by wins aad
lose them by losses, with rnore
ANALY$S gained by a win or draw agaiast
a better-ranked player and more
Whitds goal: mate by a sup-
ported Queen.
lost by a draw or loss against a
lower-ranked player. Moving up
Barrier: the Black Pawns pre-
with what is usually a 200-poinr
vent immediate entry into the
King position.
spread for each level, you become
Solution: offer a Bishop to
a beginnsr, Class D, C, B, A" and
finally an Expert or (in Europe)
open the King position while
a candidate-master. This level-
threatening mate.
from 2000 to 2199 points-is
1. B-KB6! the mark of the ability to bear
a. lf. Black declines the sacrifice afunost any other player in a gir-en (
byamovelikel.....P- game, but not every time! ODu-s t
QB3, White forces mate by: the player has overcome whai- a

1. .... B-N7ch! ever weaknesses cause him 1s 1al- I

ter against better players, he ma1- 5
White's moves are forced in
move up above 2200, when he !
this neat example of a Bishop 4. mate
receives the designation
sactifice to gain t:me for a mating
of mas- c
D. Another mate threat follows ter. He may then be ready for
attack to succeed.
intemational play, gained by in- tl
1.
- P-KRI
vitation or by success in opeu
2. RX N Q-B8ch 2.
tournaments.
k
3. 3. P
The International Chess Fed- I
4. mab 4. mate
eration accepts master ratines s

-
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Material 237

c. The game concluded with: from national chess federations.

PXB Someone doing well in an inter-
1. aata

B-K4! national tournament approved by

2.
the FIDE may achieve a "norm"
3.
mate set for that event. These norms
4.
are set for the title of Interna-
tional Master and for Grand-
master. For example, in a given
Becoming a World Class
tournament of sixteen players
Grandmaster
9-6 may be the IM norm and
The entire world now uses a Ll-4 the GM nonn. Achieving
DIAGRAM 359
_ rating system for chess PIaYers the IM nonn in two events re-
EOL TA}.IOWSKI AIVIATEUR
BlindtoWExhibition,
first developed by Professor sults in the lifetime IM title. An
Los Angeles,1949 Arpad Elo of the United States. IM who achieves the GM norm
White Mateil in Four Moves Players gain points by wins and in two rated events gains the GM
lose them by losses, with more title. In 1976 there were about
A![{LYSIsi gained by a win or draw against 110 GMs in the world. Of these
fr'hitds goal: mate bY a suP-
a better-ranked player and more a dozen held ratings of 2600
lost by a draw or loss against a points or more. They are often
ported Queen.
lower-ranked player. Moving up called World Class Q'1andmas-
Bsrier: the Black Pawns Pre- with what is usually a 200-point ters. OnIy Robert J. Fischer of
wat immediate entry into the
spread for each level, you become the United States and Anatoly
f*g position.
a beginner, Class D, C, B, A, and Karpov of the Soviet Union have
Sclution: offer a BishoP to finally an Expert or (in Europe) held ratings above 2700points-
open the King Position while a candidate-master. This level- each while he was the world
fup21gning mate. from 2000 to 21,99 points-is sfoampion.
l. B-KB6! the mark of the ability to beat Tlte Czech star Vlastimil Hort,
almost any other player in a given quiet,leamed, rarely making mis-
e. If Black declines the sacrifice
game, but not every time! Once takes, and capable of sudden
byamovelikel.....P- the player has overcome what- attacks that overwhehn his op-
, QB3, White forces mate bY:
ever weaknesses cause him to fal- ponents, is one of the most
2. Q-N5 ter against better players, he may successful World Class Grand-
3. move up above 2200, when he masters. Like any player of his
4. mate receives the designationof mas- class, he is a potential world
D. Another mate threat follows ter. He may then be ready for champion. His 1974 game against
intemational play, gained by in- the Bulgarian grandmaster Radu-
t. P-KR3 vitation or by success in open lov demonstrated his ability to
) tournaments. perceive unusual mates-in this
3.
The International Chess Fed- case the end product of a Bishop
4. mate
eration accepts master ratings sacrifice.
 Checkmatel Sacrtftcing the Bblup
c. The threat is 6. fN5 mare.
Find the mate in two after:

6
7. mate

DIAGRAM 360 DIAGRAAA 36I

HORT RADULOV ENDT BRENNEISEN

-
Romania,1974 -
West Germany,1975
White IVIated in Six Moves lYhite Forced Matc
in Seven Moves
AI'{ALYSIS
Do you recognizn the setting ANALYSIS
for a Bishop sacrffice? There are The ideal position again! BX
no Black defenders near his King; Pch will be followed by N-N5ch;
White's Queen and Knight can there are no Black defenders near DIAGMM 362
attack at once after the Bishop the King position. T'RZICA HONFI
sacrifice is accepted. Barrier: the need to keep at- -
Hungary,1975
tacking so that Black lacks time IVhite Mated in Three Mores
1. BXPch! KXB to create escape squares or bring
2. N-NSch K-N3
up defenders. ANALYSN
a. Ot course, on 2, K-Nl
White threatens mate after 1. BXFch KXB Remember that Bishop sacri-
2. N-NSch K-N3 fices are useful in removing de-
2._ fenders. In this case White wang
3.rR3 a. On 2. . .. . K-R3; 3. B- to play thekilling H5ch.
How
D. And now the threat is: 81, with the threat of does a Bishop sacrifice close the
P-RSch KXN diagonal to Black's Queen?
4. mate 3.
-
3. .... N(83) X P b. 3. . . . . K-84 permits mate PXB
4. Q-R7ch K-83
3. mate
And mate in two moves fol-
lowed! Of course, Black could harie
5._ delayed the mate by gving up
-
6. mate his Queen.

-
 Sacrificing the Bishop to Mate or Win Materiol

c, The tlreat is 6. Q-N5 mate.

Find the mate in two after:

7. mate

DIAGRAAA 36I DIAGRAIA 363

ENDT BRENNEISBN ILYIN-GENBVSKY _ KUBBEL
Wat -Germany,7975 Leningrad' 1925
Etite Forced Mate Black's Bishop Sacrifice IVIates
in Seven Moves or Wins T9hite's Queen

]ALY$S ANALYffii
Ib ideal position again! B X Black's threat: to mate by . . . .
r rill be followed by N-NSch; Q X P if he can block White's
r are no Black defenders near DIAGRAM 362 defense of KN2; alternately, to
;Eng position. URZICA HONFI mateby.... R X Nif theWhite
btier: the need to keep at- -
Hungary,1975 Rook can be induced to leave the
tifg so that Black lacks time White Mated in Three Moves first rank.
Elcate escape squares or bring Barrier: White's Queen, Rook
ddenders. ANALYS$ and Itright (K1) are active de-
Remember that Bishop sacri- fenders.
l.BXPch KXB Solution: a Bishop sacrifice can
2 !t-N5ch K-N3 fices are useful in removing de-
fenders. In this case White wants block White's lines of communi-
fhL....K-R3;3.B- to play fts killing Q'{Sch. How cation!
Dl, Fith the threat of does a Bishop sacrifice close the 1. . ... B-87
diagonal to Black's Queen?
3. P-RSch KXN a. This cuts the Queen off from
- PXB KN2. If White makes a move
3. . . . . K-B4 permits mate
like
3. mate 2. P--N6 QXQ
5- mate 3. RXQ
Of coursg Black could have
4. LBlch K_83 delayed the mate
- by giving up b. And if.z. Q X B, Black sim-
-rN4!
5. Resips his Queen. ply wins that Queen! For:
240 Checkmatel

2. QXB the sacrifice with the immedi-

3. mate ate invasion of your Queen
and a supporting piece.
c. And finally: (from Diagram 2. Otherwise, Bishop sacrifices
363)
fulfill the normal goals of
1. B-87 blocking or opening a line,
2. P-N3 opening a King position, re-
3. moving a defender, or forcing
4. mate a King to a vulnerable square.
3. In evaluating a Bishop sacri-
fice, always consider the con-
REMBMBER! tinuation if the sacrifice is de-
1. The Bishop sacrifice B X Pch clined. Unless the sacrifice is
as examined in this chapter also a check, your opponent
succeeds only when your op- may have time to bring up a
ponent's King position lacks defender or make an attack-
defenders and you can follow ing move himself.
CHAPTER 20
Sacrificing the Knig
to Mate or Win IIt
William Lombardy-
c i an E xt r ao r dinory
T e c hni
Why are some grandma*er
better than others? Each of ther
had to master the same openings
middle game ideas, and enrl'h
technique. All study regula;i
and keep up with new theoreic.r
developments. But each grmd
master seems to have some +e
cial characteristic that mali* L;
play unique. Some are innor=
tors, ever seeking and finding n3;
ideas in the opening. Othei-- a,
tacticians who complicate garue
and then find brilliancies uh€r
others might play safely. A fer
are technicians-a term meritinr
defnition. Such players seek I
small advantage early h fu
game, usually based on their gras
knowledge of recent play h rh
openings they preter. flev tlp'
nurse that advantage with care
making exchanges or usilg t a
the sacrifice with the immedi-
de invasion of your Queen
md a supporting piece.
Otherwise, Bishop sacrifices
fumU the normal goals of
Hocking or opening a line,
qenilg a King position, re-
roori-ns a defender, or forcing
a Kins to a vulnerable square.
In evaluating a Bishop sacri-
fre, always consider the con-
tinuation if the sacrifice is de-
cfned Unless the sacrifice is
*o a check, your opponent
nay have t:me to bring up a
ffender or make an attack-
fog move himself.
CHAPTER 20
Sacrificing the Hnight
to Mate or Win Material
William Lombardy- the basis for an attack. Their
c i an E xt r aor dinary
T e chni geat knowledge of endings helps
them reach simplified positions
Why are some grandmasters with few pieces remaining on the
better than others? Each of them board where their tiny advantage
had to master the same oPenings, (an open file; an advanced Pawn;
middle game ideas, and ending a hole in the enemy King posi-
lsshnique. AIt study regularly tion) is magnified and beromes
and keep up with new theoretical the basis for a win. The strong-
developments. But each grand- est grandmasters are always
master seems to have some spe- technicians, their success also in-
cial characteristic that makes his volving a touch of the innovator
play unique. Some are innova- or tactician as well.
tors, ever seeking and finding new Father William LombardY, the
ideas in the opening. Others are only clergyman in modern chess
tacticians who complicate games history to be a grandmaster, is
and then find brilliancies where an unusually gifted technician.
others might play safely. A few He left the chtrch tn t976 to de-
are technicims-a term meriting vote himself fully to chess. Born
definition. Such players seek a in New York City in 1937, World
small advantage early in the Junior Champion in t957, a
game, usually based on their grcat grandmaster since 1960, he is a
knowledge of recent play in the prolific chess writer and teacher.
openings they prefer. They then His play demonstrates the ability
nurse that advantage with cate, to launch attacks ten moves or
making exchanges or using it as more deep beginning with a sac-
241
242 Checkmate!
rifice and successful because he
has seen some final position in
which mate or the gain of mate-
rial is He showed the
assured.
value of studying the openings
in his victory against the
Argentine grandmaster Miguel
Quinteros during the Manila
Tournament of 1973. Lombardy
had studied this new line of play
reached after thirteen moves of a
Sicilian Defense. But he still
spent more than an hour before
playing the Knight sacrifice that
began a winning attack. The sac-
rifice opened a key diagonal
whose control later helped win
the game. His victory also gave
him the $1,000 Brilliancy Prtze,
until then the largest such award
ever offered in a chess tourna-
ment!
DIAGRAAA 364
LOMBARDY QUTNTEROS
-
Manila,1973
A Knight Sacrifice
Leads to Yictory!
Saciftcing the Ki
ANALYSIS This is the technician u m
White's development is better Compare this position with tl
than Black's. He has greater con- of Diagram 364:
trol of the center of the board. 1. Black's King is on an cS
The Black King, still on its K1, file dominated by a I\t
cannot be brought to safety by Rook.
castling, for both Black Rooks 2. All five White pieces are :
have moved. A winning attack is tive while Black is still w
possible if Black can be pre- veloped.
vented from completing his de- 3. Black will be able to ma
velopment. only defensive moves as Et
attacks.
1. NXKP!
The Knight is sacriflced to
6. .... rB3
open a line-the diagonal KR5- For White was tfueatenine
K8. Black accepts the sacrifice
win a Bishop by 7. N X B.
because otherwise he has lost a
7. RXP!
Pawn and his King position has
been weakened.
Again lfolgnfsning to N-ir r
1..... PXN Bishop, for Black cannor reca
2.Q-Nfth K-Ql ture at his KB3 with a Par
because White's Queen wou
Better than 2. K-81; then take the Black Rc,ok
3.P-K5, P X P;4. P-B5 with KN1.
the later forced opening of the
King-side and mate threats at
'7..r.. R-Bl
White's KB7. 8. B-N4
3. P-Ks PXP
4. P-85!
The point of White's play is
that, beginning with the Knight
sacriflce, he has been opening
lines around the Black King po-
sition.
4..... PXP
5. BXN BXB
6. N-Qs DIAGRAM 365
 Sacrifrcing the Knight to Mate or Win Mderial
A\ALYSIS This is the technician at work. Now all five White pieces have
ffhite's development is better Compare this position with that joined in the attack. Can you see
than Black's. He has gteater con- of Diagram 364: White's reply to 8. . . . . B-
trol of the center of the board. 1. Black's King is on an open N4ch?
The Black King, still on its Kl, flle dominated by a White
carnot be brought to safety by Rook. B-N4ch
castling, for both Black Rooks 2. All flve White pieces are ac- 9. winning the
hve A winning attack is
moved. tive while Black is still unde- Bishop
possible if Black can be pre- veloped.
wnted from completing his de- 3. Black will be able to make 8. .... R-N3
vdopment. only defensive moves as White 9. -R,XB PXR
attacks.
1. NXKP! b rf:
The Knight is sacrificed to
6. .... Q-83 9 RXR
opeo a line-the diagonal KR5- For White was 1tr1s41sning to lOQXNP R-K3
K8. Black accepts the sacrifice win a Bishop by 7. N X B. 11. B-R5! threatening (on
because othenrise he has lost a 11.....R-Kl)
Pawn and his King position has 7. RXP! 12. _
been weakened. 13. mate
Again threatening to win the
1..... PXN Bishop, for Black cannot recap-
ture at his KB3 with a Pawn
10. Q-N7 R-N2
2. rNfth K-Q1
because White's Queen would
-
c. Rather than play on in a hope-
Berter than 2. K-Bl; then take the Black Rook at less position, Black permits
3. P-K5, P X P; 4.P-B5 with KN1.
the mate. Had he tried 10.
&e later forced opening of the '1..... R-Kl; B-R5, R-
Kine-side and mate threats at R-3,1 .... 11.

S-b.ite's KB7.
8. B-N4 K3; 12. fN8ch, N-BL;
1,3. O X Nch, K-Q2; 14.
3. P-Ks PXP N-N4 dis ch, Q-Q3; 15.
4. P-Bs! R X Qch, R (K3) X R; 16.
B-N4ch,K-82;17. Q X B
The point of White's play is mate (epaulettes!) is one of
6at, begindng with the Knight several ways for White to win.
*rifice, he has been opening After L0. . . . . R-N2 White
Enes around the Black King po- won at once by:
rition-
11. mate
4..... PXP
5. BXN BXB This was a "grand" game in more
6. N-Qs ways than one!
-
244 Checkmate! Socrifici,ng the Knidt a

Knight sacrifices are often Part

of sustained attacks Iike Lom-
bardy's in his brilliancy Prze
game. More often, they are the
critical element in a simple forced
mate. Like other sacrifices, theY
serve the purpose of:
opening a line neded by an-
- other piece;
opening the enemy King Posi-
- tion; DIAGRAAA 367
DTAGRAM 366
forcing the enemy King to a KOLTAI{OV/SKI _ AMATEIJR
- vulnerable square; Black Mates in Two Moves Blindf old Exhibition' Omaha, 19,10
lsmeving a defender; TYhite Mats in lhree Moves
- threatening mate whether or
ANALYSIS
- not the sacrffice is accepted. Black's goal: to open the KR AT{ALY$SI
file. This position is similar to the
You may never have the op-
Why the Knight sacrifice wins: previous one, except that first
portunity or the ability to produce
the White King has no escape the Black King must be driven
as farsighted an attack as the one
squares; a Black Rook is ready to its Rl.
you have just examined. But any
to force mate if the KR flIe can White's goal: to open the KR
future efforts in such a direction
be opened.
must begin with an understand- file.
Solution: sacrifice the Knight Why the Knight sacrifice wirc:
ing of the kinds of position in
to force the opening of the KR the White King will have no es-
which Knight sacrifices work.
fiIe! cape squares and no interposi-
They don't always lead to mate,
but a sound Knight sacrifice will 1. tions against a check.
either make a mate easier to 2. mate Solution: use a Bishop check
achieve or win important mate- to force the Black King to Rl;
rial. We'll look at seven simpler Iftight to opgn
then sacrifice the
positions and then at another one the KR file. Here again we see
where it becomes clear that that a Knight sactffice with check
Knight sacrifices are an integral must be accepted when a Kin-e
part of some attacks built on the lacks escape squares!
possibility of the standard mates 1.BXPch K-Rl
you already know.
On 1. .... R-B2; 2.8 X
Rch wins the Rook.

3. mate

-

DIAGRAM 366
[e* llates in Two Moves
\Lr$s
ld s goal: to open the I(R
hy the Knight sacrifice wins:
Yhite King has no escape
tres; a Black Rook is ready
rte mate if the KR flIe can
gmed.
fuion: sacrifice the Knight
mce the opening of the KR
mate
Saoificing the Knight to Mate or Win Materiat
DIAGRAM 367 DIAGRAM 368
KOLTANOWSKI _ AIVIATEUR KOLTANOWSKI CAVERLY
Blindt old E xhibition, O maha, 1 9 4 0 -
California,1948
White Mate in lhree Moves TVhite Mated in Six Moves
AT{ALY$SI AT{ALYilS
This position is similar to the Whitds goal: to force the Black
previous one, except that first King to a vulnerable square.
the Black King must be driven Why the Knight sacrifice wins:
to its Rl. the Knight must be offered twice,
White's goal: to open the KR and must be taken the second
flle. time. The White Pawn on 86
Why the Knight sacrifice wins: controls Black's KN2 and makes
the White King will have no es- the attack along the open KR
cape squares and no interposi- file fatal.
tions against a check.
1. N-NSch K-R1
Solution: use a Bishop check
to force the Black King to R1; a. Find White's threat after:
then sacrifice the Iftight to open PXN
the KR file. Here again we see KR-Q1
that a Knight sacrifice with check K-N1
must be accepted when a King
lacks escape squares!
5. mate
1. BXPch K-Rl 2.N-B7ch QXN
On 1. ... . R-B2; 2.8 X
Rch wins the Rook. b. For- on:
2. 2. .... K-R2
3. mate 3. mate
 Sacrifrcing the Knida
246 Checkmate!
b. In an effort to prevent tbe
3. QXRPch Q-R2 1. mate Black might play 1. . . . .
4. PXP R-82 2. mate P-N3. Find the mate aften
c. And mate follows by: 2. QXP R-B2
5. 3. fR6ch K-Nl
6. mate 4.
5. mate

DIAGRAM 370
PLATZ C,OLDMAN
New -York,1948
A Knight Sacrifice Forces
DIAGRAM 369
Black to Resign at Once!
Black Mates in Two Moyes
ANALYSIS DIAGRAM 37I
ANALY$S A Knight Sacrifice Wins:
Already two Pawns ahead, White
The existence of two or more clinches the win with a move
mate threats can permit a Knight ANALYSIS
that threatens two mates. His vic-
sacrifice that removes a defender tory can be delayed but not This attack is common when
and makes one of the threats be- avoided! Black has not yet castled ad
come a mate. White's goal: to threaten mates White has occupied a half-opea
Black's goal: to mate by Q- at KR7 and I(B8 at the same file with a Queen supported by a
K6 if the White Knight no longer time. Rook
defends that square; to mate by Whitds goal: to open the Bhct
Q-Q5 if the White Pawn on its 1. N-NS Resigns
position, with a mating attack to
QB3 no longer defends that a. White mates at once after: follow.
square.
1.
Why the Knight sacrifrce *tns
Why the Knight sacrifice wins: 2.
Black must take the Iftight c
White's King lacks escape lose a Rook
squares; therefore, White must or
1. NXP! KXN
capture Black's Knight if it 1. 2. QXPch K-Bl
checks. 2.
 Sacrifrcing the Knisht to Mate or WinMaterial 247

b. In an effort to prevent the a. Find the mate after:

1. mate Black might play 1. . . . .
aaaa
2. K_K1
L mate P-N3. Find the mate after: 3.
2. QXP R-B2 4. mate
3. Q-R6ch K-N1 b. The winning move after 2.
4.
5. mate
K-Bl is:
3. , forcing Black to
lose his Queen.

DIAGRAM 370
PL.A,TZ GOLDMAN
New-York,1948
A Knight Sacrifice Forces
Black to Resign at Once!
DIAGRAM 37I
}J{ALYSIS
A Knight Sacrifice Wins! DIAGRAM 372
\hsadl' f*'o Pawns ahead, White
linches the win with a move TVhite Wins by Forcing Black
ANALYSN to Accept s Knighf Sacrifice!
tat th-reatens two mates. His vic-
ory can be delayed but not This attack is common when
ruoi,Jedl
Black has not yet castled and AI,{ALY$S
fr'kire's goal: to threaten mates White has occupied a half-open Always search for a possible
a, m.7 and KB8 at the same file with a Queen supported by a standaxd mate. The trapped Black
ilDe-
Rook. King in this position cries out
Whitds goal: to open the Black for a mate by Ifuight and Bishop.
l. li-Ns Resigns position, with a mating attack to Whitds goak to place a Ituight
u Stiite mates at once after: follow. at KB6 without fearing its cap-
Why the Knight sacrifice wins:
1. BXN Black must take the I(nigfut or
firre.
2. mate Barrier: the Black Queen de-
lose a Rook fends that critical square.
or
1. NXP! KXN Solutbn: get two Knights to
I. RXR 2.QXPch K-81 bear on KB6l
2. - mate

-
248 Checkmatel
Sacrificing the Knight u
a team competitiou that involves
1. NXN! BXQ that leads to mate. The Black
almost all the masters, gran&
a. Find the mate if Black plays:
King has no escape squares
masters, and ambitious norF
against a Rook or Queen on its
PXN masters in this most active of all
1. first rank.
2. chess communities. With Rus-
White's goal: to clear lines for
3. mate sian grandmasters about half the
a mate on the eighth rank.
world's total, such an event is
b. And now White has a forced Barrier: the Black Queen must
certain to produce games that go
mate after 2. N-Q7! be forced away from its defense
down in chess history.
of its Ql.
2. N-Q7 QXN A dozen or so teams enter a
3. mate 1. R-K8ch N-81 final series of matches. Each
2. N-R6ch QXN team (usually of twelve players)
or
For2..... K-Rl;3. R X N represents a city or region- It
2. N-Q7 any move other mate. Now White mates in two must contain two women, some-
thanQ X N more moves-for he has cleared times includes two juniors, r+
3. the lines for an unanswerable at- wards two or more ulrcoming
4. mate tack on the eighth rank. candidate-masters, and of cours€
features its IMs and GMs. Io a
3.
country with millions of players
4. mate
entering tournaments each y€tr,
U

The Most Exciting Annual
Chess Event
There are many interesting
chess events each year, among
them the various national cham-
pionships, world-famous open
DlAGRA,rt 373 tournaments like the United
States Open, famous club cham-
ALEKHINE FREEMAN
Blindfold -Exhibition, pionships, and traditional tourna-
New York,1924 meuts at places like Hastings,
TVhite Mates in Four Moves England, and the Canary Islands.
But by far the most exciting
ANALYS$ chess activity of them all takes
place every spring in the Soviet
The recognition of a standard
mate permits a Knight sacrffice Union. It is called the Spartakiad,
!
the Spartakiad is seen as the
I
great test of ability for all but
the established grandmasters. Do
!
well in this competition and you
I
are certain of national recogni-
I
tion, a higher rating, and perhaps
E
the special aid of some great mas-
ter as teacher and coach. ThuS
the games on the lower boards
are fierce struggles. In the Four-
teenth Spartakiad in 1976 one
such game showed how knowl-
T
edge of standard mates helped a
player produce a brilliancy F
which, even though it did not end ii
in checkmate, still demonstrated
how Knight sacrifices can op€n
linss,, maintain tension, and lead
to final victory.

E leads to mate. The Black
ng has no escape squares
riog a Rook or Queen on its
(,
rank.
White's goal: to clear lines for
nate on the eighth rank.
furier:the Black Queen must
fmced away from its defense
ils Q1.
t. R-KBch N-Bl
L \-R6ch QXN
f"G2.....K-Rl;3.RXN
rE- l{ow White mates in two
rc moves-for he has cleared
I Enes for an unanswerable at-
t m the eighth rank.
3.
4. mate
e L[ost Exciting Annual
w Event
lbere are many interesting
tss el-eDts each year, among
m the various national cham-
rxhiFs, world-famous open
tr:naraents like the United
f,cs Opeq famous club cham-
rr*hiPs, and traditional tourna-
ils at places like Hastings,
glend, and the Canary Islands.
t b1' far the most exciting
ss activiry of them all takes
Ee every spring in the Soviet
tlm- It is called the Spartakiad,
Sacrificing the Knight to Mate or Win Material 249
a team competition that involves
almost all the masters, grand-
masters, and ambitious non-
masters in this most active of all
chess communities. With Rus-
sian grandmasters about half the
world's total, such an event is
certain to produce ganoes that go
down in chess history.
A dozen or so teams enter a
final series of matches. Each
team (usually of twelve players) DIAGRAAA 374
represents a city or region. It BEREZYOK IJNIN
-
Bie I or us sia-U kr aine M at ch
must contain two women, some- 1976 Spartakiad, Soviet Union
times includes two juniors, re- Knight Sacrifices to Open Lines
wards two or more uPcoming
candidate-masters, and of course ANALY$S
features its IMs and GMs. In a
White has sacrificed a piece
country with millions of players
entering tournaments each year,
to open the Queen side and to
make Black lose the time that
the Spartakiad is seen as the
great test of ability for all but
would otherwise have enabled
him to castle into relative safety.
the established grandmasters. Do
The Black King now has no es-
well in this competition and you
cape squares. That means Black
are certain of national recogui-
will have no time for developing
tion, a higher rating, and perhaps
moves if his King is attacked.
the special aid of some greatmas-
White's goal: to open the King
ter as teacher and coach. Thus,
file.
the games on the lower boards
are fierce stnrggles. In the Four- 1. N-B7ch! QXN
teenth Spartakiad in 1976 one
such game showed how knowl- Black had no other move. The
White Knight was sacrfficed to
edge of standard mates helped a
player produce a brilliancy pull the Black Queen away from
its defense of its K3.
which, even though it did not end
in checkmate, still demonstrated 2. NXP! Q-K4
how I(night sacrifices can open
lines, maintain tension, and lead a. Mate by a supported Queen
to final victory. would have followed:
250 Checkmate! Sacrifiring the Knight to .tu[a
2. PXN reasons other sacrifices are Part ANALYSIS
of your arsenal. They too
I
3. can
This is a simple apptica:icn ;i
4. open linss, smash King positions,
the basic rale: always look ior a
force a King to a vulnerable standard mate! That mate be-
square, remove defenders, and be
3.

Again the only move. The sac-

part of a double mate threat.
comes obvious once you see th::
the Black Bishop and Rook ca:
fr
You will find them when you force mate if the Black Kri'-L:
rifice of the two Knights has
opened the King flle.
analyze each position in search
of one of the standard mates. Its
leaves N5. il:
4. Q-K2ch N-K4

b. Mate by a Rook and a BishoP

ability to sacrffice itself with
check makes
hard to ignore,
a Knight
as does
sacrifice
its move,
Solution: Sacrifice the Krd;::
to gain time for the mate!
L. ....
t
would have won if: which permits it to attack two 2. mate y
4. Q-K4 or more pieces at the same time.
5. QXQch NXQ Finally, the Knight is an attack-
6. mate ing piece against which interpos- - _{f4
ing to block a check is impossible. 11
5. QXNch B-K2 The six positions that follow will
r -'-- -
1-lt{--

gtve you opportunities first to l'Re

- make certain you see a way to
c. 5.....OXQwasimpos-
sible because of 6. threaten mate and then see a way l
to use the Knight as part of the =d
mate. F{;=
attack leading to mate or some l-,' b
6. QXQ BXBch important gain of material. od*
-
(}-O
7. K-Nl J;,--
l, v-
jrg I
DIAGRAM 326
d. On 7. B-QR3 White Black Mates in Three Moves 1"
mates in four by gaining con-
trol of the eighth rank. .{\ALYSrc FF

8. Black appears to be in troubl: {.

9. c'ith two pieces under attack- But
10. :e can force a kind of epauleties -1-
11. mate ;rate by driving the White Kirg t

:J its QB3. How? A Knigh:

8. Q X B, and Black soon re- --beck begins the road to White's A
signed. ;:feat! 1.
1.
Knight sacrifices should be DIAGRAM 375 2.
part of your play for the same Black Mates in Two Moves 3. mate
-,
 Sacrifuing the Knight to Mate or Win Material 251
Eens other sacrifices are part ANALYSIS
t your arsenal. They too can This is a simple application of
;n lines, smash King positions,
the basic rale: always look for a
ree a King to a vulnerable standnrd mate! That mate be-
l@re, remove defenders, and be comes obvious once you see that
rrt of a double mate threat. the Black Bishop and Rook can
lo s-ill find them when you force mate if the Black Knight
BLrzE each position in search
leaves N5.
t me of the standard mates. Its Solution: Sacrifice the Knight
Hity to sacrifice itself with to gain time for the mate!
hrk makes a Knight sacrifice
zd to ignore, as does its move, 1,. . . . . DIAGRAM 3Zl
thh permits it to attack two 2._ mate
Vt/hite Sacrifices a l(night
r trrcre pieces at the same time. and Wins!
htrv, the Knight is an attack-
E prece against which interpos- ANALYSIS
g to block a check is impossible. The holes in the Black King
b six positions that follow will position, the White Bishop at
lrr you opportunities first to KR6, and the active Queen com-
nte certain you see a way to bine to make a mate by Queen
Ltaten mate and then see a way and Bishop at KN7 a clear goal.
t Ge the Knight as part of the How can it be achieved? Only
ltrck leading to mate or some by blocking the Black Queen's
Inrtant gain of material. defense of its KB3. A Knight sac-
rffice, because it is a check, forces
DIAGRAM 376 the win.
Black Mates in Three Moves 1. N-K7ch!
ANALYSIS a. Find the win after:
Black appears to be in trouble 1. N-K7ch RXN
with two pieces under attack. But 2.
he can force a kind of epaulettes 3.
mate by driving the White King 4. mate
to its QB3. How? A Knight
check begins the road to White's b. And find the win after:
defeat! N-K7ch
1. QXN
1. aaao 2. R.XQ RXR
DIAGRAM 375 2. 3.
llrck Mates in Tlvo Moves 3. mate 4. mate
252 Checkmael Sacrificing the Knight to )

c. The easiest win follows: 2. QR-RI QXP Solution: two sacrifices do the 3.
job! They can be played in either
1. N-K7ch K-Rl 3.
order. 4.
2. mate 4.
5. mate
a. 1.
(In the game Black was mated 2.
in four moves because he did not 3.
interpose his Bishop to delay the 4.
mate.) 5. mate
b. Black also wins with 1.
O X NP; 2. R-Kl, O-
B6ch; 3. R-K2, N-85; but
the mate takes more than five
moves because White can now b"
create an escape square by
4.

DIAGRA,M 378
ALEKHINE _VAN MIDBNS
E xhibition, E olland, I 9 3 3
B]
TVhite Mated in Four Moves l.
AI.IALY$S
DIAGRAM 379
The position is ripe for a mate
SIEGERS AMILIBIA
by two Rooks on the open KR -
Cotespondence, 1973
file. But White cannot hold the Black Mates in Five Moves
Pawn at KN6 that would make
such a mate possible by locking AI,IALY$S
in the Black King. Instead, he
finds a Knight sacrifice that gives
White's King has no escape
squares. It will be mated if the DIAGRA.^A 380
his Queen control of the long
diagonal to Black's KN1. Black Q file can be opened for Black's HORT
-
RADULOV
Germany,1974
Rook. Then mate by a supported
must then occupy the key escape TVhite Mated in Three Moves
squaxe at his KBz, making the Queen will follow.
mate possible after all!
Black's goal: to open the
AN^A.LYSIS
Queen file.
1. N-Ks PXN Bwriq: a Bishop is in the Think this through as Hort did. 3-
If Black declines the sacrifice Rook's way; a Knight blocks the 1. Q-R7 mate is a clear goal.
White doubles Rooks on the KR Queen file; a White Pawn is on 2. T\e Black Knight at his KB3
file and mates by R-R8. White's Q2. defends the mating square.
 Sacrificing the Knight to Mate or Win Materinl 253

L QR-RI QXP Solution: two sacrifices do the 3. The goal is first to remove
3. job! They can be played in either that defender.
+ order. 4. A Knight sacrifice will attack
5. mate Black's Queen and hit at the
a. 1. aaaa
defender.
@ the game Black was mated 2.
rfu moves because he did not 3. 1. N-Qs! KP X N
tspme his Bishop to delay the 4. 2. BXN QXn
lE.) 5. 3. Q-R7 mate
b. Black also wins with 1. a. Black could not have played:
O X NP; 2. R-K1, O- 1. N-Q5 NXN
B6ch; 3. R-K2, N-B5; but 2. mate
the mate takes more than five
moves because White can now b.AndL.....Q-Q1 would
create an escape square by lose by:
4.. 2.
-
3. mate

REMEMBER!
1. Knight sacrifices are often use-
ful in helping force one of the
standard mates. They can
DIAGRAAA 379 clear lines, open the enemy
STFGERS AMILIBIA King position, force a King
-
Conespondence, 7973 to a vutnerable square, and
Ect Mates in Five Moves sometimes aid in threatening
two mates at once.
NALYS$ 2. When you use a Knight sacri-
WHe's King has no escape fice to open an enemy posi-
Fcs It will be mated if the DIAGRAA4 380 tion, be certain you have
lft can be opened for Black's HORT
-
RADULOV
Germany,1974
enough material bearing on
d" Then mate by a suPPorted that position to take irnmedi-
White Mated in Three Moves ate advantage of whatever
-ca will follow.
Drr,Hs goal: to oPen the weakness your sacrifice has
ANA.LYSIS
FfiIa created.
ki.a: a BishoP is in the Think this through as Hort did. 3. Especially in tense positions,
ods way; a Knight blocks the 1. Q-R7 mate is a clear goal. a Knight sacrifice that does
F file; a White Pawn is on 2. The Black Knight at his KB3 not have to be accepted can
l&'s Q2. defends the mating square. be a critical loss of time. Your
254 Checkmatel
opponent can make an attask-
ing move instead of accepting
the sacrffice. Your reply to
that attacking move may mean
that your goal in making the
sacrifice can no longer be
achieved. Diagram 381 illus-
trates the kind of error await-
ing you.
DIAGRAAA 38I
Why does the Knight Sacrffice
1. NXPFail?
AT{ALYSIS
1. N X P fails and could even
lead to a mate by Black. In play-
CHAP TER 2I
ing 1. N X P White hoped for:
1. NXP PXN
2. QXB QXQ Understanding Pann
3. R X Q, with a better game.
Instead, Black wins by:
1. NXP? P-N4
2.rRs PXN
Anal now White has lost a
piece, for he cannot play:
3. RXB? QXR!
4. RXQ R-N8ch Query: A Fish or a Comer?
s. Q-Ql RXQch It's always fun to talk chess
6. R-Kl RXRmate with grandmasters, and to ob"-
serye how neatly they categorize
As with all other sacrifices,
always consider the key question:
ail possible opponents. Someone
What happens it my sacrffice is
of the master's own stren$h is
referred to as a "match" cr ?
relused?
"problem." Someone the mar:=:
feels he can beat most of the tirr:
is called a "pretty good plal'=r.-'
Anyone who has been defea-.i::
other grandmasters is labeleo t
"comer." One of expert or iie.-r:
master strength is dismissed as .
"club player." And the rest ol :h=
chess world, in the words of oc.:
international master who B 3i
never so happy as when r.is::r-;
chess clubs and playing at od&.
fit into the categories of "wc,c,C-
pusher" (someone who dce=':
know much chess theory), ''fis5-
(falls for traps that anyone ou"l:
to recognizs and avoid), a:i
IAr YS$
[" N X P fails and could even
d to a mate by Black. In play- CHAP TER 2I
I l. N X P White hoped for:
t. NXP PXN
L QXB QXQ Understanding Pawn Frornotion
3. R X Q, with a better game.

head, Black wins by:

I.NXP? P-N4
r rRs PXN
And now White has lost a
rc, for he cannot play:
3.R,XB? QXR! Query: A Fish or a Comer? "potzef' (a fumbler to whom
+.RXQ R-N8ch you can give odds of a Queen or
s" H1 nXech It's always fun to talk chess a Rook and win brilliantly every
6. R-Kl RXRmate with grandmasters, and to ob- time).
As sith all other sacrifices,
serve how neatly theY categorae An outstanding characteristic
all possible opponents. Someone of the improving player is his
reF coDsider the key question:
of the master's own strength is ability to use his Pawns wisely,
b lwppens if my sacrifice is
referred to as a "match" or a placing them on squares where
wd? "problem." Someone the master they become part of an over-all
feels he can beat most of the time plan, exchanging them when an
is called a "pretty good plaYer." advantage can result, and above
Anyone who has been defeating all shepherding them forward
other grandnnasters is labeled a with the threat of promotion on
"comer." One of expert or weak the eighth rank. Pawn promotion
master strength is dismissed as a is the most common goal of end-
"club player." And the rest of the game play, and whatever advan-
chess world, in the words of one tage develops in the earlier parts
international master who was of the game is often realized only
never so happy as when visiting when the promotion of a Pawn
chess clubs and playing at odds, changes the balance of forces and
fit into the categories of "wood- aids in a mating attack.
pusher" (someone who doesn't It is not the function of this
know much chess theory), "fish" book to teach the complete de-
(falls for traps that anyone ought tails of endgame play, but bear
to recognize and avoid), and in mind that most examples of
255
256 Checkmatel
Pawn promotion do occur in the
endgame. Such a promotion is
otten the decisive moment of a
chess game, and it is imPortant
to rcafizn what goals and under-
standings combine to make Pawn
promotion an effective tool in
your drive toward checkmate.
1. The promotion of a Pawn jus-
tifies sacrifices, and you maY
grve away anything from a
Pawn to a Queen or more to
force the Pawn forward.
2. Queening a Pawn does not
always mean you will then
have a decisive material ad-
vantage. There are times when
you Queen a Pawn and lose
the new Queen at once-to
draw an important defender
out of position or to break up
an enemy attack.
3. Sometimes Queening a Pawn
does not serye to force a
checkmate. Instead, it can
leave you with a comfortable
material advantage. At this
point you must apply your
knowledge of mating tech-
niques to utilize that advan-
tage and move toward the
mate.
4. Pawn promotion is not neces-
sarily to a Queen. The special
characteristics of a position
may demand a Rook, Knight,
or Bishop instead.
To begin with, you must be
certain of the technique of pro-
moting a single Pawn to a Queen
in the classical position illus-
trated by Diagram 382. Every
player meets this type of position
many times. If you understand
the concept of "the opposition,"
and your Pawn is rnt a Rook
Pawn, then you can promote the
Pawn to a Queen and later use
your King and Queen to force a
mate on the edge of the board.
IERM IO KNOW
Opposifion-Being oble to ploce
your King fwo squores owoy
from your opponent's on the
some ronk, file, or diogonol.
This forces his King to move
bock, or to the side, in either
cose ioking him "out of oppo-
sition." You qre soid to "hove
the opposition" when you hove
ochieved such o position qnd it
is your opponent's turn to moYe.
DIAGRAM 382
White Takes the Opposition and
Wins: If He Advances His Pawn
At Once He Can OnIy Draw
L't
ANALYSIS
No player can move bey-c:
the lowest levels without masii
ing this position.
a. If lilhite permits Black to tc,
the opposition, a drot ?
sults.
1. P-N4?, K-N4; 2. I(-
N3, K-N3; 3.K-B-t. I\-
B3; 4. P-N5ch, K-\3:
K-N4, K-N2; 6. K-B
K-82;7. P-N6ch, K-5
8. K-N5, K-Nl;9. K-B
K-Bl; 10. P-N7ch. Ix-
Nl; 11. K-N6 stalemore
b. Il White takes the oppo,ir:o
he'Queens his Pawn and wut
1. K-N4!, K-83; 2. K-
R5, K-NZ; 3.K-N5. K-
B2; 4. K-R6, K-B3:
P-N4, K-B.Z; 6. P-\
K-Nl; 7. K-N6, K-B
8. K-R7, K-82; 9. P-
K-B1; 10. P-\-cr
N6ch,
K-B.2;11. P-NS(-Qr
and White soon mates b1 fr--:
ing Black's King to an Cg: ,
the board, bringrn,u his Ki:
to opposition near it, a-nd &t
mating with a supF.r:E
Queen or by a QueEn chet
when White's King is in opp
sition to the Black King.
The technique of Quee:,ine
Pawn is not essentialll' lbe g:n
of this chapter. It is rather E pi:
liminary assumption. Gir-en z
extra Pawn and the oppo$ri+

1a single Pawn to a Queen
r classical position illus-
by Diagram 382. Every
r€ts this type of Position
times If you understand
ocrpt of "the opPosition,"
t+re-n you can promote the
b a Queen and later use
l-rrg and Queen to torce a
n the edge of the board.
ro KNow
il*rn-8eing oble to ploce
t Xing fwo squqres owoy
r ,Drrr opponent's on the
G ronk, file, or diogonol.
Iorces his King to move
t, or to the side, in either
I tsking him "oul of oppo-
r." You ore soid to "hove
gposition" when you hove
lrcd such o position ond it
tr opponent's turn to move.
DTAGRAM 382
r lekcs the Opposition and
f, Ee Advances IIis Pawn
h He Can Only Draw
U n d ers t an din g P awn Pro mo tion 257
ANALYSIS you should win. Given two extra
Fawns, the win becomes easier.
No player can move beYond
the lowest levels without master-
And given a larger advantage (a
piece or more with Pawns still on
ing this position.
the board) you should also win
a. Il White permits Black to take easily unless the position contains
the opposition, a draw re- some special continuation for
sults. your opponent.
1. P-N4?, K-N4; 2. K-
N3, K-N3; 3.K-B4, K-
F.3; 4. P-NSch, K-N3; 5.
K-N4, K-N2; 6. K-85,
K-F.2;7. P-N6ch, K-N2;
8. K-N5, K-Nl;9. K-B6,
K-B1; 10. P-N7ch, K-
Nl; 11. K-N6 stalemate
b. Il White takes the oPPosition,
he'Queens his Pawn and wins.
1. K-N4!, K-83; 2. K-
R5, K-NZ; 3.K-N5, K-
B2; 4. K-R6, K-B3; 5.
DIAGRAIIA 383
NEUSTADT KOSTRO
P-N4, K-8}, 6. P-N5, -
Soviet Union,1970
K-Nl; 7. K-N6, K-Bl; White Establishes Two
8. K-R7, K-B21, 9. P- Connected Passed Pawns
N6ch, K-Bl; 10. P-N7ch,
K-82; 1. P-NS( - Q)ch
1 ANALYSIS
and White soon mates bY forc-
White will win if he can estab-
ing Black's King to an edge of lish two connected passed Pawns,
the board, bringing his King for their advance will give him a
to opposition near it, and then
Queen or will win a piece.
mating with a supPorted
Queen or by a Queen check 1. P-N4! PXP
when White's King is in oPPo- 2. P-85 Resigns
sition to the Black King. Black cannot prevent the loss
The technique of Queening a of a piece:
Pawn is not essentially the goal 2..... K_82
of this chapter. It is rather a pre- 3. P-86 R-Q1
liminary assumption. Given an 4. P-Q7 BXP
extra Pawn and the opposition, 5. P-B7
258 Checkmatel Cn]e'

winning the Rook or the Bishop. or P-N6. Show why 3. P X A Queen against a Rook can
IfBlack tried: BP is an error. win, especially when White cae
soon promote his QBP!
4. P-Q7 K.-KJ} if3.PXBP Had White not advanced from
5. P_B7 RXP ,
D' White remains a Queen ahead his Pawn and brought his Kni$I
6. P-Bq-q; RXR after: to safety:
QXRP
7.
1. P_N5 PXP 1. N-Ks RXPch
and White will win because his 2. P_86 PXP 2. K-R3 P-QR4l
Queen can prevent any Black 3. P-R6 P-N5
counterplay while he advances and Black threatens 3. . . . . R
4. P-R7 P_N6 X Pch; 4. K-N3, R(N7)-\--
his QRP to the eighth rank for a
5. mate. White could have defend=d
second Queen.
6. by a move Iike Q-Nl, but whr
7. even consider such an infericr
line when 1. P-Q7 is so clearlr
a win?

DIAGRAM 384
TVhite Queens a Pawn

ANALY$S DIAGRAM 385

MIESES JANOWSKI
Black's King is too far away -
Yienna,1896
from White's Queen side Pawns. T[hite Queens a Pawn and Wins
How does White force one of
them to the eighth rank? He must AT{ALY$S
be ready to sacrifice two of his
Giving up a Pawn or two to
Pawns to get the third one
get a Paum to the eighth rank
can wfur. So can gving up a piece
I(-84 or more to promote a Pawn.
PXBP 1. P-Q7 PXNch
a. And White Queens at QR8 2. KXP R-QZ
or QN8 by either P X RP 3. P--Q8(:Q) Reigus
DIAGRAM 386
E. MEYER FINKELSTEni
New-York,1965
Black Promotes a Pawn and Frc
ANALYSIS
This win against a "comgr-
who later became a leadinE
American master was made pos-
sible by Black's advanced kRP-
which now becomes a Qr:eea-
 U nderstanding P awn Promotion 259
)-+i6. Show why 3. P x A Queen against a Rook can Giving up a Rook and receiving
b an error. win, especially when White can a Queen is a wi:rning bargain!
soon promote his QBP!
PXBP Had White not advanced from
1.
2.
.s lp,ains a eueen ahead his Pawn and brought his Knight 3.
t: to safety: 4. Resigns
l-;.\5 PXP 1. N-Ks RXPch for Black will now have a Queen
lJ6 PXP 2. K-R3 P-QR4! against a Rook.
146 P-N5 and Black threatens 3. . . . . R
l-rt7 P-N6 X Pch; 4. K-N3, R(N7)-N7
mate. White could have defended
by a move like Q-Nl, but why
even consider such an inferior
line when 1. P-Q7 is so clearly
a win?

DIAGRAM 387
KERES MECKING
San -
Antonio,1972
White Moves and Black Resigns
DTAGRAM 385
IIESES JANOWSKI
ANALYSIS
-
Yienna,1896 DIAGRAM 386 Pawn protections also play a
Geens a Pawn atral Witrs E. MEYER FINKELSTEIN key role in some mating attacks.
New-York,1965 In this position Keres played 1.
rgs Black Promotes a Pawn and Wins P-Q7 and Mecking resigned.
r3 uP a Pawn or two to Let's see why.
kn to the eighth rank ANALYSIS q. It Black takes the Pawn:
L So can gving up a piece This win against a "comer"
E tD promote a Pawn. who later became a leading 1. P-Q7 QxP
2. wins a Rook!
L-\47 P X Nch American master was made pos-
ixP R-Q7 sible by Black's advanced KRP, b. If Black moves his Rook
+.Qt(-Q) Resigus which now becomes a Queen. awqy:
-
260 Checkmatel
L'nit
1. P-Q7 R-Rl D. And also promotes quickly
tion. A check on the diaeo'r"l
2. on:
means mate.
J. 1. P-K6 PXP
4. mate 2. 1.
2. mate
While Black loses if he too
attempts to promote a Pawn:
RXPch
P-QR4
P-R5
4. P-B8(:Q) P-R6
6. mate

DIAGRAM 388
I\IKOV _ LOMBARD
Yugoslavia,1972
White Moves and Black Resigns
ANALY$S
As a general nrle, when there
are both White and Black Pawns
on both sides of the board, a
Queen wins against a Rook This
means that promoting a Pawn
can be far more important than
keeping a Rook. A Yugoslav
grandmaster demonstrates how it
is done in this win against one of
Switzerland's chess stars.
1.. P-K6 Resigns
a. White gains the advantage of
a Queen against a Rook on:
1. P-K6 KXR
2.
-
DIAGRAA,T 390
L JUBOJEVICH MILICHE\-IC ET
-
Yugoslavia,l974
White Moves and Black Resigr
ANA[,YSIS
A Queen is also far superi:;
to two pieces when both pla-"';;s
DIAGRAjTA 389 still have Fawns on both siCes ;I
MEDINA ENBVOLDSEN the board. The Queen then u;:s
-
Madrid,1951 its great mobility to pick ofi cae
TYhite Mates in Two Moves or more Pawns. Then it helpr
one of its Pawns through to ccal:
AI\ALY$S a second Queen or win an eneEa.
piece. The problem here is lo
The usual goal of Pawn pro-
flnd the one move that suar':-
motion is to make a Queen. That
tees White will have and r::z'ri
Queen can sometimes play an
immediate role in forcing check- a Queen.
mate. Note thar Black's King 1.
lacks escape squares in this posi- )
 U n derst an din g P aw n P romotion 2t"l
il also promotes quicklY tion.A check on the diagonal and White has a Queen against
means mate. a Knight and a Bishop, with the
P,-X6 PXP Black Queen-side Pawns an easy
1. target.
2. mate
ib Black loses if he too
rupts to promote a Pawn:
t-K6 RXPch
E_N4 P-QR4
?XP P-Rs
t-88(:Q) P-R6
mate

DIAGRAM 39I
D]AGRAM 390
RADULOV ROSSOLIMO
LJUBOJEVICH MILICHEVICH -
Yugoslavia,1972
-
Yugoslavia,1974
lVhite Promotes His KP
White Moves and Black Resigns or lVins a Rook

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
A Queen is also far
superior
Apassed Pawn supported by
to two pieces when both players
a Rook when no enemy piece is
still have Pawns on both sides of
DIAGRAM 389 able to block its advance must
U!T ENEVOLDSEN the board. The Queen then uses
reach the eighth rank. What tem-
-
Madid,1951 its great mobility to pick off one
porary sacrffice won in this game?
LMat€sinItso Moves or more Pawns. Then it helps Remember that the advantage of
one of its Pawns through to make
a Rook in the ending is usually
,ISIS a second Queen or win an enemy
decisive.
piece. The problem here is to
' nqal goal of Pawn pro-
find the one move that guaran- 1.
r fu to make a Queen. That
tees White will have and retain 2.
r cm. sometimes play an
a Queen.
Ite role in forcing check- and White will be a Rook ahead.
t{ote that Black's King 1. Always be ready to sacrifice to
rye squares in this Posi- 2. get a Pawn to the eighth rank.
 Checkmatel Undaa
PXQ 1. B-Q6! Resigns
KXB a. Il Black captures the Bishop:
4. mate BXB
c. Finally, if Black tries to de-
fend with: 4. mate
L. -.... R-KRs b. If Black takes the Whiu
2.QXp B-Q2
Queen:
4. mate L. . . . . QXQ
2. P-Q81-Q)chBXQ
DIAGRAM 392 Other defenses are equally
LOBIGAS MICTIELI hopeless.
3. mate
-
Olympiad,1972
- c. If Black creates an effirry
White Moves and Black Resigns square:

ANALYSIS 1-. . . .. P-KR4

The presence of a Pawn on the
2. QXQ BXQ
3.
seventh rank invites considera-
tions of whatever sacrifices are and White's Pawn will Queer-
necessary to promote it to a one of several possible winrdn-s
Queen. White's goal in this po- continuations.
sition is to promote his KNP or
mate if Black takes the Pawn.
The key to the win is the fact
that opening the KR flle will DIAGRAM 393

permit that mate, and so will the KLOVAN DEMENTJEV

opening of the KN flle! Soviet- Union,1972
A Double Queen Sacrifice Wins!
1. QXRP! Resigns
ANALYSIS
a. Now White mates in two It is important to realue that
more moves on: I
a promoted Pawn can be sacri-
(
KXP ficed to remove a defender when
a stafldard mate awaits comple- )

3. mate tion. White's Queening square DIAGRA'iA 394

(aS) is controlled by a Black LEVENFISH ALATORTSEV
b. Ard he mates in three more Bishop. But that Bishop is over- -
Soviet Union,1947
moves if Black accepts the loaded, for it must also defend A Pawn Promotion
sacrifice: Black's KBl. to Open a r.ine
 U nderst anding P aw n Promotion 263

la c PXQ 1.H6! Resips A[,{ALYffil

;-R7ch KXB a. If Black captures the Bishop: Gregory Levenfuh, a world
class grandmaster for more than
BXB thirly years, had sacrificed a piece
fy, if Black tries to de- to advance his Pawns. Now he
rith: promotes (and loses) his Pawn
4. mate
because he sees a Rook at K7
f .. R-KRs
b. If Black takes the White can force mate in a few more
IX P B-Q2
Queen: moves.

mate 1. .... QXQ 1. PXB(:Q) RXQ

2. P-Q81-Q)chBxQ 2. R-Kl Resigns
r defenses are equally
3. mate
l'
c. It Black cteates an escape a. lf. it were now White's move,
square: what would be his mate in
one?
L. . . . . P_KR4
2. QXQ BXQ 3. mate
3. b. White also mates after:
and White's Pawn will Queen- P-N5
one of several possible winning - PXP
continuations.
5. mate

c. As well as after:
DIAGRA,M 393 P_Q5
trTX DEMENTJEV
- K-Q4
'lbtiet- Union,1972 K_B5
L Queen Sacrffice lYins!
6. mate
EIs
We have reviewed the chief
funrtant to realize that uses of an advanced Pawn that
ilcd Pawn can be sacri-
rmoYe a defender when can be promoted to a Queen:
rd mate awaits comple- 1. To leave you with a material
Xffie's Queening square DIAGRAM 394 advantage,
r ontrolled by a Black LEVENFISH ALATORTSEV 2. To draw away a defender and
h that Bishop is over- -
Soviet Union,1947 then force a standard mate,
fu it must also defend A Pam Promotion 3. To clear a line or opeo a key
KB1. to Open s rins square for a mating attack
 Undeast
264 Checkmate!

But there are times when pro-

3. PXKP P-Qs
moting a Pawn to a Queen does
4. P-K3? B-NSch
s. B-Q2 PXP!
not win. Sometimes you can pro-
mote a Pawn and still be mated White's best move is now 6.
by an opponent whose attack is P X P, when his position remains
not affected by your extra Queen. full of holes. The trap that fol-
At other times, especially in the lows is much worse.
ending, the presence of a Queen 6. BXB? PXPch IqT

can place your opponent in stale- 7. I(-Kz [bE

mate. Let's examine the kinds of
position in which promotion to a
piece other than a fr€
Queen is
essential in saving or winning a
game. Such positions can arise in
the opening when your opponent
plays poorly and permits the
steady advance of a Pawn. Such
things happened often a hundred
years ago, when few players un-
derstood the theories of chess as
well as even weak club players
do today.
GEII
Ofcourse,T.KXP,QXQ at
is equivalent to resignation.
DIAGR.AM 395 7..... P X N1-rgch
Black Mates in One Move!
ANALYSIS
Normally a Pawn reaching the
eighth rank is promoted to a
Queen. But you are also per-
mitted to take a Rook, Bishop, or
Knight. Black would have an
easy win on7... . . P X R(:Q).
But what piece at Black's KR8
makes it mate in one?

AMATEUR ALPHONSE GOETZ 7..... mate

DIAGRAM 396
Strassburg, 1880
Unexpected promotions ate
1. P-K4 P-K4 rare in the opening, for few play- The l(night check makes all
2.P-KB4 PXP ers pennit themselves to be at- On7.. . . . P X
the difference.
3. P-QN3? tacked as quickly as White was in N(-Q);8.QXQch,KXq
Goetz's easy victory. But most 9. R X Q White can hold the .{i\
Of course, most players now players know a few opening traps game. But instead he must reply !
know they must avoid moves that in which an unexpected Pawn to a check. tEI
invite enemy pieces to attack and promotion leads to a win. Let's a. 8. R X N, B-NSch wins the ab
chase Kings so early in the game. look at one in which promotion White Queen. Titr
to a Knight (with check) gains D. 8. K-Kl, fR5ch;9.K- hr
3. .o.. Q_RSCh tim; for a winning attack. Q2leaves Black a piece ahead I
4. P_N3 PXP with such immediate attack- I
5. P-KR3 P-N7 dis ch ALBIN COT]NTER GAMBIT
ingmovesas9.....N- 3
6. I(-K'Z Q X Pch 1. P-Q4 P-Q4
QB3;10.....f1-N5and -1
7. K-82 2. P-QB4 P-K4

DIAGRAM 395
k llates in One Move!
rsls
cfiy a Pawn reaching the
renk is promoted to a
ht )'ou are also per-
I take a Rook, Bishop, or
Black would have an
rcn 7..... P X R(:Q).
r piece at Black's KR8
rErate in one?
mate
Fcted promotions are
b opening, for few play-
& themselves to be at-
e guickly as White was in
cr+- r'ictory. But most
bow a few opening traps
h an unexpected Pawn
m leads to a win. Let's
m in which promotion
ight (with check) gains
a uinning attack.
ti COT\TER
GAMBIT
ra{
P-Q4
-{lBr P-K4
U nder s t andin g P aw n P r o mot i on 265
3. PXKP P-Qs 11. . . . . R-Ql threatened.
4. P-K3? B-NSch On 9. P-N3, Q-KSch; 10.
s. B-Q2 PXP! K-B.z, Q X R. The attack
White's best move is now 6. wins for Black, and White
P X P, when his position remains never has the time to capttue
full of holes. The trap that fol- the Black Knight.
lows is much worse. Always consider the possibil-
6. BXB? PXPch ity of promoting to a piece other
7. Ic.-I(z than the Queen. Many important
games were won by promotion to
Of course,T.K X P, Q X Q
a minor piece, with the Ifuight
is equivalent to resignation.
the most dramatic.
7..... P X N(-N)ch
DIAGRAAA 396 UTT'MEN GAPRTNDASI{VII
- anion,1971
Soviet
The Knight check makes all Black lVins By Promotitrg
the difference. On 7. . . . . P X 1s n Knight
N(:Q);8.QXQch,KXQ;
9. R X Q White can hold the Ai.IALYSISi
gzlme. But instead he must reply The exchange of a Queen for
to a check. two Rooks leaves Black a Ifuight
a. 8. R X N, B-N5ch wins the ahead-enough to later force a
White Queen. win. Promotion to a Queen would
b. 8. K-Kl, Q-RSch; 9. K- have meant a draw.
Q2leaves Black a piece ahead 1. .... Q-B7ch
with such immediate attack- 2. RXQ PXRch
ingmovesas9.....N- 3. K-N2 PXRl:N)ch
4. K-R:} R-K2
QB3;10.....8-N5and
266 Checkmate! Undaa
With Rook, Knight, and White can then play to Queen but a Queen as "underpromo ,

Bishop against a Queen, Black
won in a few more moves.
Can you find White's draw by
perpetual check after:
PX R(-g;
one of his remaining Pawns.
tion." Perhaps another term is
needed, for examples like that in
Pedrag's win deserve such a label
as "imaginative promotion" or
"thoughtful promotion!'

and Black cannot escape the

Queen's checks.

DIAGRAM 399
PEDRAG MLIMARIC
-
Yugoslavia,l970
White Yt/ins by Promoting a Pawn
1s a Knightt
DIAGRAAA 4OO
ANALYSIS STERK _ MARSHALL
Austria,1912
White loses if he promotes to
a Queen! One possible line is: White lUated in Four Moves

DIAGRAM 398 a.1. P-K7ch K-82 ANALYSIS

IVhite Promotes to a Knight 2. R-N7ch KXP Sterk had given up material
and VYins 3. P-K8 Q-N6ch to obtain this position. Now a
(:Q) Queen sacrifice reveals a hidden
A.NAI,YSIS 4. K-Q6 R-Q5ch mate that depends on promoting
This time promotion to 5. K_87 R-B5ch a Pawn to a Ifuightl
Queen loses. 6. K_Q8
7. mate 1. QXNI PXQ
a. 1. P-88(-Q) 2. P X P dbl ch K-R2
2. mate D. But White mates in four when
he makes a Knight!
b. But promotion to a Knight
wins. 1. P-K7ch K-82
1. P-88(-N)ch K-Kl
.)
R-N7ch K X P
2. N-Q6ch K-Kz 3. ....K-R2(as
4. mate
3.
4. wins Black's Chess players have often re- 3.
Queen. ferred to promoting to any piece 4. mate

f,bite can then play to Queen
: of his remaining Pawns.
UnderstandingPawnPromotion 267
but a Queen as 'hnderpromo- c. While White would have won
tion." Perhaps another term is quickly had Black retused the
needed, for examples like that in Queen sacrifice and played:
Pedrag's win deserve such a label
as "imaginative promotion" or
1. QXN Q-Q3
2.
"thoughttul promotion!' 3. mate

DIAGRAM 399
PEDR{G MLIMARIC
-
Yugoslavia,l970
ft Ylins by Promoting a Pawn
16 x Knightt
DIAGRA,IA 4OO
IALYSIs STERK _ MARSHALL DIAGRAA,I 4OT
Austria,1912
loses if he promotes to
f,tite White lVlates in Six Moves
White lldated in Fom Moves
lren] One possible line is:
ANALY$S
l- F-K7ch K-B,2 ADIALYSIS
2- R-\7ch KXP This composed position is
Sterk had given up material solved by two examples of "imag-
3. P-KE Q-N6ch to obtain this position. Now a
(:Q) inative promotion." White must
Queen sacrifice reveals a hidden demonstrate a mate in six moves.
8- f,-Q6 R-Q5ch mate that depends on promoting
5. f,-B7 R-B5ch a Pawn to a lfuightl
1. P-K? R-Q1
6. f,{8 2. P X R1-19
7- mate 1. QXNt PxQ Fot 2. P X R(:Q or R) is
2.P XPdblch K-R2
kt tlbite mates in four when stalematel
he makes a Knight! 2..... BXB
t- P-K7ch K-82 a. Find the mate on:
, R-N7ch KX P
2. B_K4
3. b. After 2. ....K-It2(aS 3. N_K6 B-R7
t- mate played)
4.
I€ss players have often re- 3. 5.
red to promoting to any piece 4. mate 6. mate

-
268 Checkmate! Unders'

b. And find the mate on: you cannot win; promotion to a mote his Pawn. Black will draw
3. P-87 B_N1 Rook would require more than by gling up his Rook for the
4. P-88( - tr)any moYe six moves for the mate; promo- Pawn. Thus 1. K-N7, R--Q2;
5. any move tion to a Queen is stalemate. 2. K moves, R. X P will draw. So
6. mate L. .. .. K-81 White must work his way back
2. K-N6 K-N1 on the QN flle.
3. B-Q7 K-R1 1. K-Ns R-Q4ch
4. N-85! K-N1 2. K-N4 R-QSch
5. R-Q3ch
6. mate R_Q5
Our discussion of Pawn pro- Had White played his King to
motions ends with a review of the QB file earlier, Black would
one of the best-known of all end- have had time for R-Q8, fol-
ings, one in which a Pawn must lowed by a check and the cap
be promoted to a Rook to win. ture of the Pawn or Queen on
It is called the Saavedra Position, the QB file. Now Black hopes to
the subject of analysis in England draw on:
a century ago!
5. P-B8(:Q) R-BSch
DIAGRAM 402 6. Q X Rstalemate!
From an endgame study by That means the White Pau:o
W. Shinkman (U.S.A.)
cannot be promoted to a Queen-
trVhite Mates in Six Moves Only a Rook will do:
ANALYSIS 5. P-88(:R)
This study illustrates the tech- a. White's threat is now:
nique of mating with Knight, 6.
Bishop, and King against a lone 7. mate
King. Mate depends on forcing
So Black makes the one moYe
the enemy King to a corner
square of the same color as your that prevents that mate.
Bishop. You should memorize DlAGRArvt 403
this position and its solution, for Tnp SaavEDRA PostrroN
sooner or later you will have to
White to Play and Win
demonstrate your mastery of this
type of mate over the chessboard! ANAI,YSIS
1. P-K8( =B) White is in check. He must es-
Promotion to a Knight creates cape checks by the Black Rook
an ending (N, N and K vs. K) so that he will have time to Pro-

cmnot win; promotion to a
k rould require more than
EYes for the mate; promo-
b a Queen is stalemate.
K-81
K-N1
K-R1
K-NI.
mate
r discussion of Pawn pro-
irs ends with a review of
d the best-known of all end-
; cts in which a Pawn must
rmoted to a Rook to win.
cdled the Saavedra Position,
-t€ct of analysis in England
m1- ago!
DIAGRAAA 403
ff Sraveone PosrrroN
ffiite to Play and Win
\LY$S
tire is in check. He must es-
checks by the Black Rook
rt he will have time to pro-
UnderstandingPaunPromotion 269
will draw
mote his Pawn. Black
by gving up his Rook for the
Pawn. Thus 1. K-N7, R-Q2;
2. K movs, R X P will draw. So
White must work his way back
on the QN flle.
R-Q4ch
R-Q5ch
R-Q3ch
R-Q5
Had White played his King to
the QB file earlier, Black would
have had time for R-Q8, fol-
lowed by a check and the caP-
ture of the Pawn or Queen on
the QB flle. Now Black hopes to
draw on:
P-88(:Q) R-BSch
5.
6.QXRstalemate!
That means the White Pawn
cannot be promoted to a Queen.
Only a Rook will do:
5. P-88(:R)
a. Whitds threat is now:
7. mate
So Black makes the one move
that prevents that mate.
-
5. .... R-Rs
D. And White makes the one
move that threatens another
mate and also attacks Black's
Rook!
6.
REMEDIBER!
1. A Pawn lezphing the eighth
rank tronnally becomes a
Queen. But always ask your-
self whether a piece other than
a Queen will:
a. fotw the win in fewer
moves;
D. prevent an enemy attack;
c.
prevent a stalemate.
2. Be ready to offer or force a
temporary sacrifice if it helps
you advance and promote a
Pawn, with resulting material
advantage.
3. Always pay special attention
to the possibility of promoting
to a Knight with check or
with resulting control of a
key escape square needed by
your opponeut's King.

CHAPTER 22
Drawing, [Ialf a Foint
Is Better than losing!
The Draw as a Kind of Victory
Face it. There will be times
when your best strategy does not
do the job. Your opponent will
defend well, and there will be no
way to win. Or your attack may
be rebufted so skillfully that you
are then faced with a probable
loss. At
such times flnding a way
to draw-and thus to receive
half a point-is a kind of victory.
Arthur Bisguier, former United
States champion, proved that in
one tournament for the national
title when he drew every game he
played, some of them aggressively
handled by both sides. There is
no ignominy in accepting a draw,
and there is often honor when
you find a way to turn a difficult
position into a forced draw!
Drawing requires technique
just as mating does. This chapter
will examine three of the roads
to the draw-the perpetual
270
check, the forced repetition of
moYes, and stalemate. There will
always be players who offer
draws because they are too lary
to seek a way to win. And there
will be others who draw to pro-
tect their reputations when they
fear an opponent is too strong.
But the draws we will illustrate
are fighting weapons designed to
save games that might otherwise
be lost. As such, they are an in-
trinsic part of the technique of
every player who tries to get the
most out of each position that
develops in his chess career.
There are three principal ways
to force a draw.
1,. You obtain a position in
which you force perpetual
check. This makes the game a
draw by repetition of moves.
2. With few pieces left on the
board, you sacrifice whatever
pieces can still move and gain
Drawing: Eail aI
the draw by being stalemated-
That is, your King has rx)
moves and you are not in
check when it is your turn to
move.
3. You force your opponent to
repeat moves because other-
wise he will be checkmated o'r
lose material. He may har=
much more material than you
do, or have definite mare
threats, but your own tbrears
are so geat that all he can
do is to make the same mores
over and over-which leads
to a draw.
In considering the draw, yoE
should be aware of two pl6 that
will not be considered in thii
chapter except for their mentim
now. A game is drawn if fitry
moves have been made wi.thou
a capture or a Pawn move afEr
one of the players has given no
tice of the application of this n:1+
A game is also drawn when a
position has been repeated thrse
times with the same player to
move. Such a draw mu.st b€
claimed at once, for if an addi-
tional move is made that changei
the position the claim is no long€r
valid. In applying this rule, it
does not matter whether the
threefold repetition has occrrred
in consecutive moves or at three
times duing the game---+o lcmg
as the position has appeared
three t:mes with the sa.me plafq
to move.

ct, the forced repetition of
ves. and stalemate. There will
e-rs be players who offer
rs be:ause they are too lazy
rek a way to win. And there
i be cthers who draw to pro-
: their reputations when they
r an opponent is too strong.
l the draws we will illustrate
figfi:irg weapons designed to
E ga:res that might otherwise
hcs- -\ such, they are an in-
sk part of the technique of
ry plal'er who tries to get the
I oui of each position that
dopn in his chess career.
lbere are three principal ways
'gce a draw.
You obtain a position in
rfrich -vou force perpetual
*€ck- This makes the game a
ilras- b1' repetition of moves.
F ith ferv pieces left on the
hoard. 1'ou sacrifice whatever
pfoces can still move and gain
Drawing: flalt aPoint Is Better thm Losingl 27t
the draw by being stalemated.
That is, your King has no
moves and you ate not in
check when it is your tum to
move.
3. You force your opponent to
repeat moves because other-
wise he will be checkmated or
lose material. He may have
much more material than you
do, or have definite mate
threats, but your own threats DIAGRAAA 404
are so great that all he can White Draws by Perpetual Check
do is to make the same moves
over and over-which leads AI\ALYSIS
to a draw. Black threatens mate in one
In considering the draw, you move against any White move ex-
should be aware of two nrles that cept a check (1. . . . .Q-R2 or
will not be considered in this 1. . . . . R-R5). But White has
chapter except for their mention an immediate draw by perpetual
now. A game is drawn if fifty check. All he has to do is make
moves have been made without use of the key squares Q8 and
a capture or a Pawn move after QR5, and tslack cannot find a
one of the players has gwen no- way to escape from check!
tice of the application of this rule.
A game is also drawn when a
position has been repeated three
times with the same player to
move. Such a draw must be by repeating
claimed at once, for if an addi-
tional move is made that changes
the position the claim is no longer
valid. In applyrng this rule, it
does not matter whether the
threefold repetition has occurred
in consecutive move,s or at three
times during the game-so long
as the position has appeared
three times with the same player
to move.
272 Checkmate! Drawing: flaU aPoit

6. K-Rs RXFch and the Black King carulot es-

7. K X Ror Stalemate cape the checks!
PXR
l
\

DIAGRAM 405
Black Forces Perpetual Check
or Stalemate

ANALYSIS DIAGRAJII 407

DlAGRA.l,t 406
This is a common perpetual MUKTIIN _ MAKARICHEV FINKELSTEIN _ SOLTIS
check situation, made possible Soviet Union, 1975 New York,1968
by the position of Black's King- White Draws by Perpetual Check White Draws by Perpetual Ctect
stalemated if the Black Rook is
off the board. So Black seeks ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
moves that invite his Rook's cap- Black has just promoted a Andy Soltis, international mas-
ture. If White refuses the gift, Pawn and has a Queen and ter, chess joumalist, and author,
Black continues to check on Bishop against a Rook-normally and repeatedly champion of New
squares that avoid the interposi- enough to win with ease. But York's Marshall Chess Club, had
tion of White's Rook (which White's King has the opposition, outplayed White from the opea-
would free the Black King from and can use it to support a Rook ing moves of this game. He is a
its stalemated position). that will force the draw by per- piece ahead at this point. Sud-
1 RXPch petual check. The defense that denly White has a forced draw in
2 K-K7 R-K3ch gains the half-point succeeds be- a game he should have lost, for
cause Black has no way to attack a mating threat exists that pre-
(or 2. R-B2ch; 3. K- White's King and cannot create vents Black from making a
Q6,RXR;4.PXRch,KXP new escape squares for his own normal-looking capture of a
and Black can draw because he checking Ituight!
has the opposition in the King
and Pawn vs. King ending.)
Any move- 1. N-R6ch K-Rl
say P-R4 2. N-B7ch
3. K-Q8 R-Klch 2.
4. K-87 R-BLch 3. How does White mate in two
5. K-N6 R-B3ch 4. moves on:

;-R5 RXPch
IXRor Stalemate
,XR
DIAGRAM 406
TXEDi _ MAKARICHEV
futiet Union,1975
lhnws by Perpetual Check
ffirs
k has just promoted a
aod has a Queen and
egaiw a Rook-normally
to win with ease. But
i Kins has the opposition,
r use it to support a Rook
E force the fuaw by per-
ch€ck. The defense that
g helf-point succeeds be-
Urck has no way to attack
i King and cannot create
urp€ squares for his own
i-Si8! move-
^A.ny
say P-R4
Drawing: Half a Point Is Better than Losingl 273
and the Black King cannot es- 2. RXN
cape the checks! 3.
4.
to play 2.
So Black had
K-Nl and White drew with 3.
N-R6ch and perpetual check.
DIAGRAM 407
FINKELSTEIN SOLTIS
-
New York,1968
IUhite Draws by Perpetual Check DIAGRA/rI 408
BROWNE PLANINC
ANALYS$ - 1974
Netherlands,
Andy Soltis, international mas- Black Moves and Forces the
ter, chess journalist, and author, I)raw by Stalemate
and repeatedly champion of New
York's Marshall Chess Club, had ANALYSIS
outplayed White from the open- United States champion Walter
ing moves of this game. He is a Browne had gained a three-Pawn
piece ahead at this point. Sud- advantage in this game, but had
denly White has a forced draw in made the mistake of placing his
a game he should have lost, for Queen on a square where it
a mating threat exists that pre- stalematedBlack-if only Black
vents Black from making a did not have his Queen on the
normal-looking capture of a board! Problem: to force the
checking Ituight! White King to capture that
Queen. Method: a check that
1. N-R6ch K-R1 cannot be ignored.
2. N-B7ch
t. .... Q-R:lch
How does White mate in two Q-K7ch
moves on:
-
Drawing: Half a Polnr IY Bx:
274 Checkmate!
-:','es in
1l
the game and was l.-. ..
For this is the one check that The battle begins at once.
:llv forcing the draw. We'll 15. E.
-- -
forces White to capture the Black wants to punish White for
:;i'et know!
Queen or lose his own Queen. his third move, and sacrifices a
Result: stalemate! Bishop to begin an invasion by o
J. a a a o Q X Nch!
his lone Queen! iU. KXQ N-B4ch!
The positions we have just
examined illustrate those bits of 4. KXB Q-RSch 11. K-N4 P-QR4ch:
luck or planning that permit a 5. K-K3 Q-BSch
lost game to be transformed into 6. K-Q3 P-Q4 Three brilliant moves in a
a draw. Perpetual check, a draw
rvith Black apParentlY de-
: - ,r-.
Now Black threatens 7. . . . . :=:=iled to give everything away.
because of stalemate, and, as we
shall now see, a draw by repeti-
O X KPch. A reply such as 7. E= reasoning soon becomes
tion of moves to avoid a threat-
Q-K2,PXPch;8.QXP?, - : fr

ened checkmate are the three

B-B4 wins for Black. White de- 16. E
cides to seek safety for his King
roads to the half-point when a H:m.
on the Queen side.
loss seems certain. The games \\h;e :
in which such draws occur be- 7. K-83 QXXp K )': Qi
come worthy of study by other 8. K-N3 N-QR3 :- -'-*s
.L\ L.I-:l'r* *
players, for the fascination of - - .-i
[ -'=€-- -lL
-'-
With the immediate threat of
observing the escape of the player
with the poorer position or less
9. . .. . Q-N5 mate. .lr J.

material is a triumph of the imag- 9. P-QR3

ination to be shared and en-
joyed. "After all, it could
happen to me, too!" must be the
thought of each player as he DIAGRAM 4IO
studies such a game. One of the
forced draws that has remained
1]. KXN N_K2
popular amorg students of chess T-.is move was needed to hold
for more than a hundred years --:: QP, and suddenlY White must
was played in Vienna back in =- i an answet to the threat of
1,872.It remains one of a kind-
an amazinu proof that miracles
-.:e by 13. P-QN3ch;
:.:. K-N5, B-Q2 mate.
can occur over the chessboard!
13. B-NSch K-Q1
White Black DIAGRAM 409
14. 8-86!
f
l,( --"-
-,,1>i

HAMPPE MEITNER Bir;r

Black becomes frantic here. =-

1. P_K4 P_K4 He cannot permit the White King

Tiis is the only move that can b' ='-'
2. N-QB3 B-B4 to find safety behind its Pawns. :::-.'ent the mate threatened by 13. f
-r.....P-QN3. K6'::--E
3. N-R4 BXPch Or perhaps he saw the remaining
 Drawing: Half a Point Is Better than Losing! 275

E battle begins at once. moves in the game and was 74. .. .. P-QN3ch
r wantsto punish White for coolly forcing the draw. We'Il 15. K-Ns NXB
rird move, and sacrifices a never know!
The mate threat is still there.
p to begin an invasion by If White now tries to develop a
oe Queen! 9. r... Q X Nch! piece by a move like 16. N-83,
10. KxQ N-B4ctr!
Black would win by 16.
KX B Q-RSch 11. K-N4 P-QR4ch!
K-K3 Q-BSch
B-Q2 and 1,7. N-Q5 dbl
x-Q3 P_Q4 Three brilliant moves in a ch and mate. In the silme way
row, with Black apparently de- Black threatens the immediate
r Black threatens 7. . . . . termined to give everything away. 16. . . . . N-Qschand 17. . . .
A reply such as 7.
XPch.
His reasoning soon becomes B-Q2 mate. So White must cap-
4P X Pch; 8. e X p?, clear. ture the Black Knight.
* wins for Black. White de-
lo seek safety for his King 16. KXN
,Queen side. How is Black to continue?
X-B3 Q X KP White threatens to escape by L7.
x-N3 N_QR3 K X QP. But a perpetual check
is there, made possible by the
h rhe immediate threat of threat of a mate by two Rooks!
. G-Ns mate.
t6 B-N2ch!
?-{R3

DTAGRAM 4IO

12.IKXN N-K2
This move was needed to hold
the QP, and suddenly White must
find an answer to the threat of
mate by 13. P-QN3ch;
14. K-N5, B-Q2 mate.
DIAGMM 4I I
DIAGRAM 409 13. B-NSch K_Q1
14. 8-86! Consider the possibilities. If
r becomes frantic here. Black plays 17. K X B, he will
nt permit the White Ki.rg This is the only move that can be mated after 17. . .. . K-Q2;
detl, behind its pawns. prevent the mate threatened by 18. Q-N4ch, K-Q3; 19. Q-
rps he saw the remaining 14..... P-QN3. K6ch, P X Q; 20. AI.{Y MOVE,
n6 Checkmatel Draring: Eal! a Pafuf

KR-QNI mate. So the BishoP quickly forces each game into un- 11. P-B4 P-K4 tre
is safe and White has onlY one familial paths built about his 12.NXN BXP 16
tryrng to gain an advantage bY t
other move.
unusual placements of his Pawns.
Ii seems that Black has g.tf
17. K-Ns I)rawn Yet in this game he was luckY
i Parr:n and will remain s::h a
to survive at all, for sometimes -::rr attack on the \\trite K::-=- -{l
For Black can draw bY PerPet- E:: \\hite has a perpetuil ;h;;L
the unusual is also questionable! - :a:',d that beeins q-ith a Q.lc=r
ua1 check. Black plaYs L7. . . . .
B-R3ch; 18. K-86, B-N2ch; MORA SUTTLES .:::jCe!
19. K-N5, B-R3ch and we -
1964 Olympiad
IRREGIJLAR OPENING
13. O-0: B )( Q
have a draw coming by repetition
of moves. 1. P-K4 P-KN3
2. P-KR4 B_N2
AI\TALY$S 3. N-QB3 N-QB3
Why can't White escaPe bY 17. 4. P-Rs P-Q3
K-N5, B-R3ch; 18. K-R4? 5. B-84 N_Qs
Black would force a mate bY 6. P-Q3 N-R3
,7.B XN BXB
a Pawn in two movest
8. KN-K2 B-Ns
17.
18.
19.
D[AGR.ATA 4] 3

You may be bY the

amaz,ed
Hamppe-Meitner game for a few :! B "" Pch! K-Q2
minutes and then convince your- :-' BJ6ch f,-Ll
self it was one of those apparent
II
?.---::: d-;.s ailer 15.
miracles that came out of the last I--i.l: r6. \-Q5ch. K-i-l:
century-a time when peoPle -{
:- 3-ts-:h. K-Ql: LS. B-
knew so much less about chess T,:i-t -.::: tt ce 11. . . . . It- \p.
than we do today. Then consider . "- : !. \-K6 L rnz::l)
the following game, played by a DIAGRA,I,T 412
=
.
a
Spanish master and the Canadian :: B-B7ch Draw-n L'_

grandmaster Duncan Suttles in 9. PXP RPXP B,]

our own time. Few players are as 10. Q-81! B-R4 f :r \I.l:e r-r;r< a pr.a;e ani ::e ir
unpredictable as the quiet Sut- : B-=ci pia-,S 15.
f,rr!tr.re .I

tles, who has defeated some of On 10..... B X Q; 11. R X r-r-. r-. \-K5ch. K-i.'l:
the world's best despite his re- Rch, K-Q2; 12. R. X Qch, R X - [ )* ,]_<;-:- K{l: i9. \
fusal to play the openings every- R; 13. R X B White would have : :F- ' \: :0. QR B- Tc
one else prefers. rnstead, he won a Bishop. nil;u: -t . B--;k lltsi s-Ub=r: -
 Drawing: Halt aPoint Is Better than Losingl

ffy forces each game into un- 11. P-84 P-K4 the perpetual check that follows
trar paths built about his 12. NXN BXP 16. . ... K-Q2; L7. B-K6ch,
!g to gain an advantage by It seems that Black has won
etc.
mal placements of his Pawns.
I itr this game he was lucky a Pawn and will remain with a
strong attack on the White King. ANALYSIS
ush'e at all, for sometimes Show the draw after:
msual is also questionable! But White has a perpetual check
in hand that begins with a Queen 16. K-K2
MORA SUTTLES sacriflce! t7.
-
1964 Olympiad
MEGULAR OPENING 13. O-O! BXQ 18.
19.

L P-K4 P-KN3 with perpetual check

Z P_KR4 B_N2
3. rQrx! N-QB3
4' P-Rs P_Q3
5. LB4 N-Q5
6. ?{3 N-R3
?.BXN BXB
& BI_K2 B-Ns

DIAGRAM 413

14. B X Pch! K-Q2

15. B-Kfth K-K1 DIAGRAM 414
Black Draws by PerPetual Cheek
White draws after 15. . . . .
K-K2; 16. N-QSch, K-Kl; ANALYSIS
17. B-B7ch, K-QZ; 18. B- White's threats seem over-
K6ch (note that on t7. . .. . K- whelning. He has just PlaYed his
B1?; 18. N-K6 is mate!). to R6, and mate at QN7
Queen
16. B-B7ch Drawn or QR8 seems inevitable. But
9" PXP RPXP Black has a defense that saves
lo Q-81! B-R4 For White wins a piece and the the half-point-a PerPetual
game if Black plays 16. check!
h10.....8XQ;11.RX K-Bl; 17. N-K6ch, K-K2; 1..... RXFch!
If-{2;12.RXQch,RX 18. N-QSch, K-QZ; 19. N X
13.R X BWhitewouldhave a,anXN;20.QRXB.To a. Find the draw by perPetual
r e Bishop. avoid this Black must submit to check on:
 Drawing: Hali a P
278 Checkmate!

2. PXR board can be held to a draw!

J. After eighteen moves the pieces
4. retum to their original position,
and a draw by repetition is as-
and White cannot escape the sured since Black cannot prevent
checks! the same position occurring a
third time!
b. And show how the draw is
also forced after: K-N3; 2. N-
1. N-N4ch,
a,
K_RiZ K5ch,K-83; 3. N-N4ch, K-
3. K2; 4. N-BSch, K-Q2; 5. DIAGRA,iA 416
4. N-KSch, K-Bl;
N-K7ch,
6.
BROND _ BRAGA
K-N1; 7. N-Q7ch, K-R2; Argentina,1934
with the same perpetual 8. N-BSch, K-R3; 9. N- tslack Draws by Perpetual Ctect
check. N8ch, K-N4; 10. N-R7ch,
K-N5; 11. N-R6ch, K-B6; ANALYSTS
12. N-NSch, K-Q6; 13. N-
Black is in serious troubtra
N4ch, K-K7; 14. N-B3ch,
White threatens P X P foll,cwed
K-B7; 15. N-Q3ch, K-N6; by the capture of the Black
16. N-K4ch, K-N5; 17. N-
Bishop.If Black sffsmPts 1. . . " .
K5ch, K-B4; 18. N-N3ch,
R-N4; 2. P X P, B-N5; \l-hite
K_B3.
will have time to double h:s
is where we Rooks on the open King fi.le arC
Which began!
Draw! might then mate with his Rotks
Once yor rcalize that perpet- and Bishop. But Black ha" e

ual checks, stalemates, and the forced draw that begins niih a

forced repetition of moves turn Rook sacrffice!

DIAGRAAA 4I5 sgemingly lost positions into 1.
Problemby H.F.L.Meyer draws, and once you understand 2.
LondonNews,l87l the lschnique of forcing those And the White King cannci ese
TVhite Draws by Perpetual Check! draws in typical positions, you cape the checks.
should be able to convert many a
ANALYflS difficult game into half a point.
This amazing old problem is The six positions that follow il-
offered as an amusing example lustrate more of these basic ways
of the power of two lfuights to of forcing the draw. In each, the
force a draw in a position created analysis is designed to lead you
to demonstrate that even a player to the mind-set necessary to find
with all his pieces still on the the solution.
 Drawing: Half aPoint Is Better than Losingl

rd can be held to a draw!

Da eighteen moves the pieces
M to their original position,
d a draw by repetition is as-
rcd since Black cannot prevent
F same position occurring a
Ld time!

1. N-N4ch, K-N3; 2. N-
tct, K-B3; 3. N-N4ch, K-
h 4. N-B5ch, K-Q2; 5. DlAGRAlvt 416 DIAGRAM 4I7
-{5ch, K-Bl; 6. N-K7ch, BROND BRAGA ROSSBTTO STAIILBERG
-*{1; 7. N--Q7ch, K-R2; -
Argentina,7934 -
Chile,1947
N-B8ch, K-R3; 9. N- Black Draws by Perpetual Check White Draws by Perpetual Check
ftt, K-N4; 10. N-R7ch,
-t{5; 11. N-R6ch, K-86; ANA.LYSIS ANALYSIS
L N-Nsch, K-Q6; 13. N-
!4 K-K7; 14. N-B3ch, Black is in serious trouble. White's all-out attack on the
White threatens P X P followed Black King has been repulsed.
-f,l; 15. N-Q3ch, K-N6; by the capture of the Black Black has accepted and retained
L lLK4ch, K-N5; 17. N-
Bishop. If Black attempts 1. . . . . a Rook and a Knight offered dur-
b, K-B4; 18. N-N3ch, R-N4; 2.P X P, B-N5; White
-s. will have time to double his
ing the assault. Now White has
no winning chances left. But he
Ttich is where we began! Rooks on the open King flIe and does have a way to force perpet-
m! might then mate with his Rooks ual check-based on the threat
(be you realize that perpet- and Bishop. But Black has a of a mate if Black tries to avoid
f ch€cks, stalemates, and the forced draw that begins with a the checks by heading for his
rcd repetition of moves turn Rook sacrffice! Queen side. A simple repetition
Eingty lost positions into 1.
of moves forces the draw.
rs, and once you understand 2. 1. QXPch! K-82
t'technique of torcing those And the White King cannot es- 2. Q-RSch K-N2
rrs in typical positions, you cape the checks. 3. Q-R6ch Drawn
rE be able to convert many a
hh game into half a point. Find White's win on:
: fi positions that follow il- 1. QXPch K-B.z
Inte more of these basic ways
2. Q-RSch K-8L?
fucing the draw. In each, the
3. mate
lFis is designed to lead you
- e mind-set necessary to find
; rtution
-
280 Checkmate! Drawing: flot

DIAGRAM 418 DIAGRA,M 419 DIAGRAM 420

BANTER HARN Black Forces a Stalemate! TRTNGOV SCIr\(ID

-
England,1956
-
1964 OlYmPiad

Black Fotces a Stalemate ANALYSIS Black Ilraws bY PerPetoal 6

ANALYSIS
There's great satisfaction in
being able to draw when you
have a clear$ inferior position.
White has four Pawns and a
Bishop against a Rook, and
threatens to win another Pawn.
But Black sees that his King will
be stalemated if he gives up his
Rook and Queen and in the
process forces White to place his
Queen at K6!
1. oaaa R X Pch!
) KXR
3. Stalemate!
Black's inability to meet the
tlreat of White's N-N6 mate
makes his position seem hopeless.
Yet he sees that he will be stale-
mated if only he can get his
Rooks off the board. So he calmly
forces White to capture them
and gains an unexpected half-
point!
L. . . ..
Stalemate!
Compare this position to that
of Diagram 405. The basic posi-
tions, once learned, bring draws
again and againl
ANALYSIS
The 1964 OlYmPiad- h
fought by all its teams, fea:u
a number of games in x-t
players quickly accePted draq
keep their teams from falling
hind. But other games ttct
draws after deep Planni:g-
this case Black had juri a3
flced his Queen at his QB5
open the White Ki:rg Poii
Now the combination of a R
and a Bishop force the drar
perpetual check.
1. B-R6d
2. ii-oqr QRJil
3. BXR
4.
5.

And draw by perPetual s.l-.1

is forced.
 Drawing: HaU a Point Is Better than Losing! 281

DTAGRAM 420 DIAGRAAA 42I

DIAGRAM 4I9
Ect Forces a Stalemate! TRINC,OV
-
SCHMID PORTISCH PETROSL{N
1964 -OlymPiad
1964 OlYmPiad

TALY$S Black l)raws bY PerPetuat Check Black Draws by Perpetual Check

Eeck's inability to meet the
rt of White's N-N6 mate
ks his position seem hopeless.
t b sees that he will be stale-
Ed if only he can get his
& oft the board. So he cahnly
E IVhite to capture them
il gain-s an unexpected half-
il
ANALYS$
The 1964 OlYmPiad, hard
fought by all its teams, featured
a number of games in which
players quickly accePted draws to
keep their teams from falling be-
hind. But other games became
draws after deep Planning. In
ANALYSIS
Even world class grandmasters
are often happy to find a draw
by perpetual check. White here
threatens mate in one by Q-88
or Q-K8, and Black escaPes
only because the White King
cannot f,nd a square where it will

L this case Black had just sacri- not be checked by Black's Queen!

L flced his Queen at his QB5 to

open the White King position. L. ... . Q-N5ch
t-
Now the combination of a Rook 2. K-81 Q-B5ch
3-
and a Bishop force the draw bY 3. K-K1 Q-K5ch
t. Stalemate!
perpetual check.
[mpare this position to that a. \"h'rc draw is secure if White
Diagram 405. The basic posi- plays:
1. B-R6ch
rEr once leamed, bring draws 2. QR-N1ch! 4. K-81
fo md again! 3.
4. b. While on 4. K-Ql a similar
5. series of checks draws:

And draw by perpetual check 4. K-Q1 Q-NBch

is forced. 5. K-Kz Q-K5ch
282 Checkmate!

6. K-Q2 Q-BSch moves possible when you are

7. K-82 Q-B5ch not in check. CHAPTER 23
8. K-Q1 Q-N5ch 2. I-ean the tSpical stalemate
9. K-81 and perpetual checks positions
And the checks continue. presented in this chapter. The [Ising the King to [l
half-points gained through
draws are the rewards of
knowledge rather than luck!
REMEMBER! 3. Be ready to sacrifice in an in-
1. You draw when a position is terior position if you can
repeated three times with the thereby transform it into one
same player to move. You of the tlpical draws based on
also draw when you are stale- repetition of moves, perpetual
mated-that is, with no legal check, or stalemate.
The King Is a Fighting Piee:

Many players are so conoerrlo

with the safety and protection c
the King that they develoP a fea
of using it aggressively. There ar
times when the King can be a
essential part of a mating att&-
and other times when onll- tb
active use of the King can PrePoJ
a position for what will soon b
a drive toward mate. The end
game is the obvious time to naat
the King show that its abiliqc t
move to any square on the bmr
(better than a Bishop!), to rct
in any direction (better than'
Rook!), or to control an adjacu
square (better than a Knigfu
makes it an attacking piece sbc
E"rEs possible when you are
ot itr check.
fentt the typical stalemate
d perperual checks positions
mted in this chapter. The
ffaoints gained through
ms ere the rewards of
rrledge rather than luck!
E rady to sacrifice in an in-
rir position if you can
Eeby Eansform it into one
I &e typical draws based on
paition of moves, perpetual
h.rL, or stalemate.
CHAP TER 23
Using the King to Help Gheckmate
The King Is a Fighting Piece!
Many players are so concenaed
with the safety and protection of
the King that they develoP a fear
of using it aggressively. There are
times when the King can be an
essential part of a mating attack
and other times when only the
active use of the King can prePare
a position for what will soon be
a drive toward mate. The end-
game is the obvious time to make
the King show that its ability to
move to any square on the board
(better than a Bishop!), to move
in any direction (better than a what procedure should be fol-
Rook!), or to control an adjacent
square (better than a Ifuight!)
makes it an attacking piece whose
283
proper use wins again and again.
This chapter illustrates situations
in which King mov€s win games,
often acting as the critical factor
that closes an escape door for
the opponent, completes a mating
pattem, helps promote a Pawn,
and in such ways turns advan-
tages into victories. In the Pro-
cess, we will review some of the
special uses of the King in the
endgame and its utility in con-
trolling key squares during a
mating attack. Not all of the Po-
sitions we will examine lead to
immediate mates, but we will see
lowed once a King's activity has
helped win enough material to
make the coming mate inevitable.
 Checkmatel

DIAGRAM 422 DIAGRAM 423 DIAGMM 424

White Mates in Three Moves TVhite IVIates in Four Moves ZESCHKOVSKY
-.{LB'I
Soviet Union, 1975

AI\ALYSIS ANALYSIS Iilhite Mated in Fou I

This position is t5rpical of the This position illustrates the
win with two Rooks when an win with King and Queen against
ANALY$S
opponent's Rooks are out of play. King and Queen when one King Black is crushed, and a
Black has doubled his Rools in- is confined to a corner square. A needs is a way to bring hi
stead of keeping one of them zagzwaag develops after White to their best attacking
available to interpose against a makes a King move, for Black He begins with a doubt
White check. Now White mates must then move his Queen. that forces the Black Ki-
in three moves by cutting off 1. K-R:!
exposed square.
Black's escape square at his KB4 Q-87
a King move! Black hopes for a stalemate 1. PXPdblch 8""
-with on2. Q X Q. 2. R-QSch K-
1.
2. 2. Q-Qlch G-Nr
J. a. White mates on:
3. mate
4. mate 2. \.'
3. mate

3. K.-82
This- is the decisil-3 E
it cuts off B1ack's bc{
cape to N6 and there
the mate.

3. a
 Using the King to Help Checkmate 285

b. Permitting mate in one by:

4. mate

3. . . . . Q-Q2 wouldn't have

saved Black because of 4. R-
Kl and the threat of mate by
R-K4 cannot be met.

DIAGRAIA 423 DIAGRAM 424

E Mates in Four Moves ZESCHKOVSKY _ ALBT'RT

LI$S
b position illustrates the
flt I(ing and Queen against
d Queen when one King
fred to a corner square. A
Eg develops after White
j a King movg for Black
flsr peye his Queen.
E-Rt Q-nZ
QXQ.
Soviet Union, 1975
White Mated in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
Black is crushed, and all White
needs is a way to bring his pieces
to their best attacking squares.
He begins with a double check
that forces the Black King to an
exposed square. DIAGRAM 425
ROSSOLIMO AMATEUR
1. PXPdblch KXP -
Paris,1944
2. R-QSch K-85 YVhite l\{ated in Five MoYes

Q-{lch Q-N1
a. White mates on: ANALYSIS
mate 2. NXR Chess almost died in France
3. mate during the German occupation of
World War II, except for in-
3. Id.-B.z formal play in which French mas-
ters kept in form by playing
This- is the decisive move, for whoever was available at chess
it cuts off Black's hope to es- cafes. Rossolimo was one of
cape to N6 and thereby delay those whose skill remained verY
the mate. much alive!

3..... QXQ 1. QXPch! KXQ

 286 Checkmate! Uing tlu
a. Find the Arab Mate after: to assume they were composed 6. BXPch KXB
PXQ by players who had been day- 7. N-KSch K-K3?
dreaming over the chessboard. White would have a long effort
3. mate Yet this time a bu;ane position is ahead of him to prove the sotmd-
the actual finish of a game in ness of his attack after 7. . . . .
2. R-Rlch K-N3 which Black made the mistake of K-B1. But instead Black's
3. K-84! taking everything offered to him. King goes wandering.
-
Cutting off Black's escape to After sixteen moves, he found
himself a Knight, two Bishops,
8. Q-l{4ch KXN
his KN4. 9.O-O FXPch
a Rook, and four Pawns ahead-
3....i R-K3 and checkmated! The game was
10.K-Rl B-83
b. White mates with Rook and played in an Irnglisfo postal tour-
11.P-Q4ch KXP
12. B-K3ch KXB
nament. The loser's name has
13. P_Ks BXP
PXN been obscured by the winner's
14. R-K1ch K-87
good manners (the letters N.N.
being chess terminology for an
15. fN2ch KXR
anonlmous opponent). Moral-
16. N-83 mate
6. mate
using the King as an attacking Back to Diagram 426 to check
c. And mated anyway with: piece can be as dangerous as it is your finat position. Beware of
4. R-R8 R, X P sometimes profltable! King moves that lack a sPecific
5. - mate goal!
EDWARDS N.N.
-
England,1963
KTNG'S GAMB T
- White, with three days between
moves and obviously anxious to
test a little-explored attacking
line in the Cunningham Defense
against the King's Gambit, gets
much more than he anticipated
when Black makes his King vul-
nerable to an atnost endless
series of sacrificial moves.

DIAGMM 426
P_K4 DIAGRAM 427

It Really Happened! PXP CAPABLAI{CA _

ts.-KJz EMANUEL LASKER
Some chess positions seem so B-R5ch New Yo*, 1924
unreal that your first reaction is PXP Ihe Active King Wins for \iltr
 Using the King to Help Checkmate

r they were composed 6. BXPch KXB ANALYSIS

u who had been day- 7. N-KSch K-K3? The New York L924 tourna-
I rrver the chessboard. White would have a long effort ment was dominated by the three
fine a b:r;arre position is ahead of him to prove the sound- best players in the world, Lasker
| finish of a game in ness of his attack after 7. . . . . (who finished in first place),
d made the mistake of K-Bl. But instead BlacKs Capablanca (second), and Ale-
rryhing offered to him. King goes wandering. khine (third). This game clinched
ffi moves, he found KXN second pr:re for the Cuban world
1 Knight, two Bishops,
8.Q-N4ch champion. Lasker resigned when
ld four Pawns ahead- 9.O-O FXPch
Capablanca's next move took
hoated! The game was 10. K-R1 B-Bs
away any chance to prevent the
a English postal tour- 11. P-Q4ch KXP mato that would soon follow the
The loser's name has 12. B-K3ch KXB
13. P_Ks BXP Queening of one or two Pawns
rred by the winner's with the aid of an active King.
Ers (the letters N.N. 14. R-Klch K-87
!s terminology for an 15. Q-N2rch KXR
1. P-Bfth R.esigns
r op,ponent). Moral- 16. N-83 mate
r ISmg as an attacking Back to Diagram 426 to check Why did Lasker give up the
te as dangerous as it is your final position. Beware of game?
r lrofitable! King moves that lack a specffic
goal! 1. . ... K-Bl
,PARDS N.N. 2. P-N6
-
hglond,1963
II{G'S GAMBIT (With the threat of: 3. P.-87,
rith three days between 4. K-86 and 5. P-N7 mate)
d obviously anxious to 2. ..,. B-Kl
t&.explored attacking 3. P-N7ch K-N1
e Gnningham Defense
p King's Gambit, gets And now the entry of the King
rc than he anticipated forces the Queening of a Paum.
* nrakes his King rnrl_ The winning move is:
D an almost endless
uificial moves. 4.

Irf P-K4 DIAGRAM 427 and either the KBP or the QP

-rR4 PXP (or both) will Queen! Mate with
CAPABLANCA _
-IX3 B_Kz EMANUEL LASKER Queen and King against IGng
,4 B-RSch New York,7924 will then follow in a few more
NB PXP Ihe Active King Wins for lVhite movqs.
288 Checkmatel Using rI,

b. And Black mates in two by: 4. B-Bfth K-R2

'1. K-R,1 5. B X KP Q_B.I
8. mate 6. K-B6ch K-Nl
7. B-B4ch K-R2
Had White moved his Rook 8. R-Q7ch K-RL
to a distant square like KR2 on 9.
his sixth move, a series of checks 10.
would have picked off that piece. 11. mate
Work it outt
Of course, Black could hare
given up his Queen along the
DlAGRAlvt 428
way-with a lost game and a-c
easy mate to follow as fthirc's
R,OGULJ ANDRES
-
Yugoslavia,1968 remaining pieces close in-
Black's Kfug IIeIps Force Mate

AI{AT,Y$S
This position helps clarify the
win with King and Queen against
King and Rook when the Rook's
mobility is limited by the pres-
ence of an active King. White
resigned at this point, and it is DlAGRAlvt 429
valuable to examine one way in LARSEN _ Kr{VALEK
which Black might have won had West Germany,1970
White played on. Yflhite's Active King Forces
the V[in
Q-Q5
Q_Q8 ANAI.YSIS DIAGRAM 430
QxPcn White's material advantage HODOS ASATURTL\
wins only because his King can Soviet- Union,1970
invade the Black position and Yl/hite's King Helps Force lld
a. Black mates in three on: then support a mating attack. in Four Moves
4. K-R1 Q-B6ch 1. K-83! P-KN4
5. R-N2 2. K-N4! K-Nz ANALYSIs
6. mate
3. K-85! Resigns Black is lost because his X;r'g
has no escape squares and his
4. .... Q--B5ch Why? Suppose Black plays 3. pieces are unable to come to his
5. K-Nl K-R6 P X P. One possible win King's defense. But White's King
6. R-QB2 FNSch would then be: must aid in his winning attack
 Using the King to Help Checkmate 289

And Black mates in two by: 4. B-Bfth K-R,Z 1. K-Ns! N-Ql

7 K_R1 5. BXKP Q-84 2. I(-B,6! P-R4
& 6. K-B6ch K-N1
7. B-B4ch K-R.2 a. 3.
Ied tVhite moved his Rook 8. R-Q7ch K_R1 4. mate
r distant square like KR2 on 9._
drth b. Mate also follows:
move, a series of checks 10._
drl have picked off that piece. 11. mate P-85
rt it cut! B-N5
Of course, Black could have
given up his Queen along the 4. mate
- a lost game and an
way-with
easy mate to follow as White's c. As well as:
remaining pieces close in.
1. K-Ns
- N-Qs
2. K.-B,6 B-53
3. RXB NXR
4. B-B7ch K-Rl
5. BXN R-Blch
6. BXR P-KR4
7. Any move
8. mate
The active King aids in mate,
DIAGRAM 429
LARSEN KAVALEK
-
as you have seen, in three imPor-
-
West Germany,1970 -
tant ways.
]'Ee's Active King Forces 1. It prevents the escape of an
the Win enemy King by taking control
of an essential escape square
ALY$S DIAGRAM 430
during an attack.
Ytite's material advantage IIODOS ASATTruAN
2. lt enters the enemy position
r mly because his King can Soviet- Union,1970 and supports a piece or Pieces
ile the Black position and V9hite's King Helps Force Mate that then force mate.
r spport a mating attack. in Four Moves 3. By supporting passed Pawns,
it aids in promotion to a
l- x-83! P-KN4
ATIALYS$ Queen and then assists that
2- K-N4! K-Nz Queen in effecting mate.
3. K-85! Resigns Black is lost because his King
has no escape squares and his The five positions that follow
Fhy? Suppose Black plays 3. pieces are unable to come to his ofier further illustrations of such
, . P X P. One possible win King's defense. But White's King winning tactics. Once you recog-
id then be: must aid in his winning attack. nize the type of position with
 290 Checkmate!
Uing a
which you are dealing, the win- Black bites at a stone wall.
onstrate the techniqus sf nating
ning line should become readily What is now White's quickest
with Queen and Bishop!
apparent. And, in most cases, the route to a Queen?
win requires more than the two L..... Q-Rsch
or three moves found in a final
a. 4. 2.K-N2 rNscl
sequence during a mating attack. b. Note that a hasty series of c. Now White has two Ears to
But once the King has been Pawn advances can give Black lose:
moved to the square where it will a draw!
be most effective, the mating 3. K-R,Z
1. P-86 B-84 4.
ideas flow and victory soon fol- K-N7 K_85
lows.
2. 5. r*
3. P-R6 K_N4!
4. P-R7 J-
L'.

5.
6.
And White can at best draw.
6. K-81
t. E#

DIAGRAAA 43I
PADEVSKY BARCZA
-
Hungary,1965
White's Pawns Force the Win
DIAGRAM 432
ANALYSIS
KELLER HUG
White will win if he can Queen - 1975
Switzerland,
a Pawn, and there ate several PBQEqJ'{ +::
Black's Kirg Quietly Aids
ways to do this. He selects the in the Mate }f {Tt-Lo\-Ic
KRP for promo-
as his candidate Yusasi-c;ii,-DEG.
197 5

tion, and uses his King to help ANAI.YSIS lft,nct's frng Edp6 Foret \ttf
block the long diagonal. Black's King controls his Q6 _si-{LY$S
1. K-N6 B-Qs and QB6, preventing White's
2. P-86 K-Q4 Kirg from escaping to those tsla:k has iL.t dafeC . . .
3. P-Ns K_K3 squares. Result-Black can dem- P{? ald \\hite has resigei
A1;,?
 Checkmate
Using the King to Help 291
Hack bites at a stone wall.
ht is now White's quickest onstrate the technique of mating 1. P-N6 K-Q6
rlte to a Queen? with Queen and Bishop! 2. P-N7 K-87
1. aaaa Q-R5ch Threatening 3.
1. ,,
K-N2 Q-N5ch mate
Note that a hasty series of Now White has two ways to 3. N-K3ch K-88
Pasrr advances can give Black 4. N-84 B-84!
lose:
a draw! 5. P-R3 B-N6!
3. K-R'Z
l. P_B6 B-84 4. 6. P-N8(:Q)
z K-N7 K_85 5. mate b. And mate in two follows:
3. P-R6 K_N4!
1. P_R7 b. 3. K-B,Z B-RSch 6.
5- 4. K-81 G-B6ch 7. mate
6. 5. K_Nl B_B7ch
And Shite can at best draw. 6. K_B1
7. mate

MALICH KNAAK
-
West GermanY,1975
DIAGRAM 432
White Supports His Queen
KELLER HUG
- 1975
Sv'itzerland, to Force Mate
Ileck's King Quietly Aids DIAGRAM 433

in the Mate MATULOVIC _DEZB ANALYSH

IALYSIs
treck's King controls his Q6
I QB6, preventing White's
E from escaping to those
EEs. Result-Black can dem-
Yugoslavia,1975 Black, a Pawn behind, cannot
Black's King Helps Force Mate afford to exchange Queens, for
White would then promote his
ANALYilS extra Pawn to a Queen and mate
Black has just played . . . . with ease. So all Black can do
P-Q7 and White has resigned. is to keep checking to try to keeP
whv? White's King from getting too
292 Checkmate! Uskg tb
close to the Black King. He fails, ANALYilS 2. The King can perform thc
and the combination of King and Even a world class grandmas- important task of blocking es-
Queen flnally mates. ter can press an attack too hard. cape squares during an atract,

1. K-K7! Korchnoi had permitted White can support pieces to @

Q-N5ch plete a mating attac\ and ca
2. Q-Q6 Q-N2ch to threaten mate while Black's
3. Q-Q7! Queen, Rook, and Knight stormed control the squares on ttc
Q-NSch
White's King position. But road of a Pawn destined fc
4. K-86 Resigns
Shashin calmly walked his King promotion.
a. White wins on: out of danger! Korcbnoi is now
4. Q-N3ch lost, as the next few moves dem-
5. onstrated.
and the exchange of Queens 1...., P-R3Ch
is forced. 2. K-N6 N-KSch
3. QXN R-N8ch
b. 4. .... Q-BSch 4. Q-Ns! QXn
5.
5. RXPdblchResigns
and mate will follow on KN7
or KR7. For on:

c. 4. .. ,. Q-Blch
5. .. .. K-Rl or
K_B1
5. with the same
6. mate
threat.
b. And, on Black's other possible
-, line of play from the diagram:
1.
-.... P-RlilCh
2. K-N6 N-KSch
3. QXN R-N8ch
4. Q-Ns nx Qch
5. PXR Q-Q6ch
6. R-85 dis ch Q-Bs
7.
8.

REMEMBER!
DIAGRAM 435
SHASHTN KORCHNOI 1. The King is an active piece
Soviet -Union,1973 that should be moved toward
V9hite's King Aids in the Mate the center of action in the end-
(Btack to Move) game.
 Using the King to Help Checkmate 293

\LYSIS 2. The King can perform the 3. However, the use of a King
retr a ivorld class grandmas- important task of blocking es- early in the game can expose
atr press an attack too hard. cape squares during an attack, it to altack. In general, acti-
func'i had permitted White can support pieces to com- vate your King in the later
rrea;in mate while Black's plete a mating attack, and can stages of the gamq when few
m- Rc,ok, and Knight stormed control the squares on the enemy pieces remain on the
€"s King position. But road of a Pawn destined for board to attack it.
hin ealmly walked his King promotion.
t' danger! Korchnoi is now
as lhe next few moves dem-
aied
r.... P-R3Ch
. f,-)i6 N-KSch
.O'1 N R-N8ch
, Q-Ns! QXn
, R )< P dbt ch Resigns
Dr cn:
i.... K-RLOf
K-81
mate

nd- on Black's other possible

ile urf play from the diagram:
P-R3ch
, E-\6 N-K5ch
Q,N R-NBch
, r\s
,P){R
RXQch
Q-Q6ch
R-85 dis ch Q-Bs
mate

TEIIIBER!
h King is an active piece
at should be moved toward
E enier of action in the end-
tme.

CHAPTER 24
[Iow Chess Masters Use Mating Threats
A Kind ol Rationale'
The five games presented in
this chapter illustrate how basic
mating ideas can be incorporated
into your play. They are in no
sense the "best" games ever
played, but they are suPerb
models of the utilizzlisa of mat-
ing threats to win games. Games
won by White have been selected
because of the greater ease in
seeing attacks from the White
side of the board when analyztng
from a diagram. The comments
and analysis are intended to clar-
ify the thinking that keeps an
attack moving toward victory.
Not all games end in mate,
nor do all of the games in this
chapter. But in each case you
will observe a similar application
of the basic ideas this book has
294
How Ches Ms
GAME OI\E_
An Attack in the Openmg (
VYhtte Black
I
n
DONNER
Amsterdam,l976 tr
FRENCII DEFENSE
E
(
What to Watch Fon (
White offers a Pawn in atr E
effort to open the King side. E
Black refuses the offer and in- t
stead tries to block White's at- u
tacking lines. But White uses bis o
control of the center and his se h
perior development to break t
stressed. You cannot utilize mat- to s
through. Using mating threas
ing threats or succeed in mating force Black to make repeatod I
attacks unless you understand moves with the szrme pleceq t
basic checkmate patterns. You White prevents his opponenl
cannot execute an attack unless from completing his develop
you understand how to open ment. Finalln White uses sacri.
lines, organize batteries, remove flces to force the win.
defenders, and apply pressure bY
a superior co-ordination of mate- 1. P-K4 P-K3
rial against a King position. 2. P-Q4 P-Q4
Finally, you must be ready to 3. N-QB3 N-KB3
accept material gain when mate 4. B-Ns L.rJz
cannot be forced. s. P-Ks KN-Qz
Itis suggested that you Play 6. P_KR4
through these games more than
once. As you gain greater under-
standing of the tactics utilized by
the winners, you will find your-
self with that "Of course!" feel-
ing that comes from greater
comprehension of when an at-
tack is possible and what must be 7
done to make it succeed. E
T
D
ir
 How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats 295

GA]VIE ONE- Black can now win a Pawn by

,lating Thneats
; You cannot :utilize mat-
ars or succeed in mating
unlEss you understand
heckrnate patterns. You
er(ecute an attack unless
dersand how to open
ryanize batteries, remove
r\ and apply pressure by'
rrr cc-ordination of mate-
ainst a King position.
you must be ready to
material gain when mate
be forced.
ssgested that you play
ttese games more than
s.you gain greater under-
1of the tactics utilized by
Ers vou will find your-
! that "Of course!" feel-
E comes from greater
srsion of when an at-
nssible and what must be
rnekg it succeed.
An Attack in the Opening
White Black
SA)( DONNER
Amsterdam,19T6
FRENCII DEFENSE
What to Watch Fon
White offers a Pawn in an
effort to open the King side.
Black refuses the offer and in-
stead tries to block White's at-
tacking lines. But White uses his
control of the center and his su-
perior development to break
through. Using mating tbreats to
force Black to make repeated
moves with the same pieces,
White prevents his opponent
from completing his develop-
ment. Finally, White uses sacri-
flces to force the win.
1. P-K4 P-K3
2. P-Q4 p-Qa
3. N-QBS N-KB3
4. B-Ns L.Wz
5. P-Ks KN-Q2
6. P-KR4
6.....BX8;7.PXB,QX
P. But, as Alekhine demonstrated
in his win against the Swiss mas-
ter Fahrni n 1914, White gains
a strong attack by 8. N-R3,
Q-K2; 9. N-B4, N-81; 10.
Q-N4. Black should decline the
Pawn offer and play 6.
P-KR3 or 6. P--Q84.
Inthis game theDutch grandmas-
ter Donner tries a new method
of blocking the lines leading to
his King position. His Young
Hungarian grandmaster opponent
smashes a defense that will Prob
ably never be attempted in mas-
ter play againl
6. .... G-(D
7. B-Q3 P-KB4
8. P-KN4!
DIAGRA,!,i 437
P-KN4! will force the win.
8.
The White Pawn at K5 limits
Black efforts to develop. Once
White opens lines he will find it
easy to bring his pieces to attack-
ing positions.
296 Checkmatel How Ches hlarz

Examine some of the immedi- 12. .... P_KN3 L

ate threats. 13. BXP!
1. If Black plays 8. . . . . N-
QB3 to develop a piece, he For White gains a murderous
loses a Pawn on 9. P X P, attack on: L3. P X B;
PXP;10.NXP. 14. O X Pch, K-Rl; 15-
2.On8.....PXP;9.QXP G-R6ch, K-Nl; 16. N-
will threaten Q X Pch as well
B3, N-Q2; 17. Q-N6ch,
asQ-R5 with mating threats. K-Rl; 18. R-KNI, O-
3. If 8. . . .. P-KN3; 9. P X P, K2; 19. N-K5! and lVhite
NP X P; 10. N-R3 and will mate or win material
White will prepare a Rook
DIAGRAM 438
13. .... rK2
battery on the KN file, play Play through this attack from 14. N-Ns!
N-84 and bring his Queen the position of Diagram 438!
into play on the King side to
10. . ... PXP Threatening to win a Rook
join in the attack. on:
11. B X Pch! KXB
In view of such threats, Black 12. G-RSch K-N1 14..... PXB
decides to counter at once in the 13. N-83 Q-K1 15. QXPch Q-N2
center of the board. 14. Q-R6 PXB (On 15. . K-Rl; 16.
8. .... P-84 15. NXNP R-B2 N-B7 still wins a Rook!)
9. I\PXP BPXP 16. R-KN1 B-81 t6.
17. _
With hopes of impelling White 17.
18. _
to move his Knight, when 10.
L9. by Queen
. . . . N X P frees the Black posi- 14.
and Knight
tion. But White sees that the loss 15.
of a piece is unimportant when Return to the diagram, where
-mate 16.
compared with the immediate Black decides to give up material
opening of the Black King posi- to free his pieces and plays:
tion. 10..... NxBP
10. P-86! 11. PXN BXP
12. Q-Rs
b. Find the win after:
1,2. PXN?
13.
14.
15. mate by Queen
and Bishop
 How Chess Masters ase Mating Threats

12. .... P_KN3 d. White would keep his extra

13. BXP! piece with an easy win after:
16. P-Ks
For White gains a murderous BXB
17. QXB
attack on: 13. P X B;
14. O X Pch, K-Rl; 15.
O-R6ch, K-Nl; 16. N-
B3, N-Q2; 17. Q-N6ch, 16. .... K-R1
K-Rl; 18. R-KNI, O- 17. N-87 QXN
K2; 19. N-K5! and White 19. BXBch Resigns
will mate or win material.
DIAGRAA.i 438
13. .... rK2
Play thrcugh this attack from 14. N-Ns!
tb position of Diagram 438!
,IO..... PXP fheafsning to win a Rook
lr.BXPch! on:
KXB
UL fR5ch K-Nl !4..... PXB
13. N-83 Q-K1 15. QXPch Q-N2
I4-. Q-R6 PXB (On15.....K-R1;16.
15" NXNP R-B2 N-87 still wins a Rook!)
16. R-KNI B-B1
16.
L7.
19. mate by Queen N-83 e. For White mates on:
14.
and Knight
15. P-K4 18.
ktum
- to the diagram, where 16. 19.
rct decides to gle up material 20.
ftce his pieces and plays: 21.
22.
lo. NXBP
11. ii" N BXP 23.
24.
TL rRs (Can you see both of the final
EDd the win after: mate possibilities?)
TL PXN?
13.
14.
15. mate by Queen
and Bishop
298 Checkmatel How Ches Mt
GAME TWO_ with the threat of.12. R-{1.
Using Open Lines to Then the open flle and his
Force a Mate complete development should
permit White either to pick
TVhite Black
off Pawns or to attack th€
HARTLAUB TESTA
Bremen, 1931 Black King position.
DANISH GAMBIT
11. B-N2 B-Ns
IVhat to Vflatch For: 12. Q-Q4!
Openings like the Danish Gam-
bit give you an advantage in DIAGRA/v1 441

development if Black tries to AFTER5.BXP

hold the Pawns he gains in the
first few moves of the game. That
is the case in this sharp win, for 7. BXPch KXB
the loss of time involved in hold- 8. QXQ
ing a two-Pawn advantage leaves 9.
Black undeveloped and subject 10.
to mate threats as early as the and the material is even.
twelfth move. Note how control White will plan action on the
of the long diagonals permits a King side; Black on the Queen DIAGRAM 442
familiar Rook sacrifice and fi- side.
nally mate with a Rook and a White threatens 13. Q X}(
Bishop. This model attack using 5. .... B-N5ch as well as mate on the l,cne
open lines is important for dem- 6. N-83 P-Q3 diagonal. Ttrus, on:
onstrating the folly of grasping 7. N-83 I{-KB3
for material gain at the cost of 8. O-O BXN 12. B-B4?
proper development. 9. BXB o-o 13.

Consider the positions of the opens the diagonal, threatem

1. P-K4 P_K4 two sides. White's Bishops con- mate, and at the least regairs
2.P-Q4 PxP trol the long diagonals. Black has material.
3. P-QB3 PXP two extra Pawns.
4. B-QB4 PXP t2..... BXN
5. BXP 10. P-Ks! N-Ks 13.PXB

o. Black can now obtain equality b. What is White's best move

d. For13.PXPloseswhen
Black replies:
by: on:
13.
5. 10. PXP?
6. BXQP 11.
13. N_N4
 How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats 299

with the threat of.12. R-Ql. ta. Threatening to win a Queen

Then the open file and his on:
complete development should
permit White either to pick 14. PXP?
15.
oft Pawns or to attack the
Black King position. 1,4, K-R,l NXP
15. Q-Q3! N X P(K4)
11. B-N2 B-Ns t6. R-KNI.!
12. Q-Q4!

DIAGRATVI 441

AFTER5.BXP

7. BXPch KXB
8. QXQ
9.
10.
and the material is even.
$hite will plan action on the
King side; Black on the Queen DIAGRAA4 443
DIAGRAM 442
siCe.
t. White would now mate with
White threatens 13. Q X N Rook and Bishop on:
5. . . . . B-N5ch as well as mate on the long
5. N-83 P-Q3 diagonal. Thus, on:
16. NXQ?
7. N-83 I\-KB3 1,7. RX Pch K-R1
8. (H) BXN 12. B-B4? 18.
9. BXB o-o 13. 19.
20. mate
.Consider the positions of the opens the diagonal, threatens
h sides. White's Bishops con- mate, and at the least regains 1,6..... Q_Q2
ud the Iong diagonals. Black has material. 17. - rQ2
tD extra Pawns.
12,.... BXN g- Now White threatens:

10. P-K5! N-Ks 13.PXB 18. RXPch! KXR

19. Q-NSch K-Rl
L Ehat is White's best move d. For13.PXPloseswhen 20.
oru
Black replies: 21.
PXP? 13. 22.
23. by Queen
13..... N-N4 andBishop!
-
-mate
300 Checkmatel Hov'Chx

17..... N-N3 For mate follows: GAME THREE-

18. Q-Q4t 20.
Using Mate Threats
21.
To lVin Material
White still threatens mate on 22.
KN7, and Black plays his only White Black
23. TARJAN }L.\}I}fiE
defense.
24. mate San Francisco, 1975

19..... N-K4 KING'S INDIAN DEFL\SE

19. R X Pch!
DIAGRAM 444
h. Black loses whether or not he
accepts this Rook sacrifice.
The game shows what hup-
pened when he took the Rook.
Let's see what would have oc-
curred had he refused it.
19. K-R1
21. QXNch! PXQ
IVhat to Watch For
And now mate comes after: James Tarjan of Calitolt-l
22. who achieved grandmaster s:a-.
23. atage twentY, is an innor-a:i
24. mate by Rook who seeks and finds openi:g i;
and Bishop! provements. His best games ltr
derline the importance cf oP
lines, and he has develogr.l
style that emphasizes Pas-n (
piece sacrifices to gain coercl ,
the squares around an oPPon.a-:
King position. Note in this -ee-c
how his mating threats lirit t
opponent's choice of repli*. ::.
restricting Black's develcpm::
Tarjan's mating threats c.en t
met, but only at the cost oi laa:,
rial. Games like this oo3 -:1
DIAGRAM 445 the emergence of a worlc cia
grandmaster! After the p1=1:
Final Fosition
have castled on opposite sjd:s ,

20. RXPch! KXR This beautiful game has under- the board, Tarjan is first to ryt
21. Q-R4ch K-N3 lined the folly of trying to hold lines.
22. R-Nlch K-84 Pawns sacrificed for development 1. P-Q4 N-HB3
23. Q-N5ch K-K5 in the opening. The double ad-
24.
2. P-QB4 P-tS-3
vantage of a half-open KN flle 3. N_QB3 B-N2
25. mate
and control of the long diagonals 4. P_K4 P-Q3
19..... KXR led to one mate threat after an- 5. P-83
other!
20. R-Nlch K-R,1 Tarjan plays the openi-E r:
a definite plan. He wants to caai
tain his Pawn on K4, and r.''
 How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats 301

Fa mate follows: GAME THREE.- of a Pawn ad-

keeps the option
Using Mate Threats a later P-
vance attack with
n" KN4 and P-KR4.
2r. To IVin Material
TL 5.
Iilhite Black
n. TARJAN HAMMIE
6.
24- mate 7.
San Francisco, 1976
8.
KING'S II\DIAN DEFENSE
[- QXNchl PXQ 9.

\ilhat to TYatch For

f,d now mate comes after:
James Tarjan of California,
EL who achieved grandmaster status
B. at age twenty, is an innovator
l,.- mate by Rook who seeks and finds opening im-
and Bishop! provements. His best games un-
derline the importance of oPen
linss, and he has developed a
style that emphasizes Pawn or
piece sacrifices to gain control of
the squares around an oPponent's
King position. Note in this game
DIAGRAM 446
how his mating threats limit his
opponent's choice of replies, thus White, after a series of oPen-
restricting Black's development. ing moves that have been PlaYed
Tarjan's mating threats can be many times, introduces an at'
met, but only at the cost of mate- tacking idea. He threatens to
rial. Games like this one mark open the Black King Position bY
DIAGRAM 445 the emergence of a world class such moves as P-KN4 and P-
Final Position grandmaster! After the players R5. This would oPen the KR' file
have castled on opposite sides of and lay the foundation for an
Ur beautifuI game has under- the board, Tarjan is first to open attack along that file.
il the folly of trying to hold lines.
9.
nc sacrificed for development 1. P-Q4 N-KB3 10.
b opening. The double ad- 2. P-QB4 P-KN3 11.
[e of a half-open KN file 3. N-QB3 B-N2 12.
cptrol of the long diagonals 4. P-K4 P-Q3 13.
b one mate threat after an- 5. P-83 In Tarjan's style! He has just
d
Tarjan plays the opening with surrendered a Pawn and now of-
a definite plan. He wants to main- fers a second Pawn to helP oPen
tain his Pawn on K4, and also Black's King position.
302 Checkmatel How Chess lL

L3. .... P X BP c. For mate by a supported

L4. PXPI Queen looms if White can
play:
17. _
16. . ... R-N1
The point of Tarjan's attack-
ing style is that he first gains an
advantage in development and
then makes moves that threaten DIAGRAA{ 448
mate. Black can meet these
threats in this game, but only by 21. Q X BP!
moves that use already developed
DIAGRAAA 447
pieces. Thus the need to defend
d. White mates if Black takes
the Rook:
White mates after:
prevents the ssmpletion of
Black's development. 21. BXR
14. PXN? 22. BXB PXB
15. P-N7! PXR 17. P_Ks! N-KRE 23. Q-R5ch K-B3
1- Q)ch 18. Q-N3 B-84 24. N(3)-Q5chK-K4
16. NXQ N-KR2 19. B-RTI 25.
17. PXB KXQ 26. mate
1-Q)ch Play to remove defenders! Tar-
18. B-N7ch! KXB jan has also opened a line for his 21. ..o. P-K3
19. QR to join in the attack. 22. BXB I\PXB
20.
21. mate by a 19..... NXQP Black would lose a Ru:ck
and a Knight after:
Queen!
Black seeks to remove some )) KPXB
14. PXP of the pressure against his King.
23.
15.
20. RXN BXP 24.
b. Threatening mate in two by: 25.
23. Q-RSch
mate by Queen
The lines are open! First Ta-r-
and Bishop
jan repeats moves to gain sf,Ele
15. . o.. K-82 time on his clock. Then he cor
16. N-84 tinues the attack"
 How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats 303

23. .... K_83

Iren looms if White can 24. Q-R4ch K-82
lep 25. Q-RSch K-83
17. 26. R.-Q3 R-Ns

L.... R-N1
b point of Tarjan's attack-
fyte is that he first gains an
Erge in development and
mates moves that threaten DIAGRAAA 448
L Black can meet these
E in "his game, but only by 21. Q X BP!
rtLat use already developed
I TLus the need to defend d. White mates if Black takes
the Rook:
EIs the completion of DTAGRAM 449
kt development. 21..... BXR
P_Ks! 22.B)<B PXB 27. B-N7ch! RXB
7. N-KR2 23. Q-RSch K-83
t rN3 B-84 24. N(3)-Q5chK-K4
White wins a Queen after:
t LR' 25. _ 27..... KXB?
26. mate 28.
rry to remove defenders! Tar-
29.
re also opened a line for his 21. .. .. P-K3
b ilin in the attack. 22. B- XB I\P X B 28. Q-R6ch K-82
L.... Black would lose a Rook
29. Q X Pcn K-81
NXQP (P.
30. Q X BPch R-82
and a Knight after:
d seets to remove some g. Black loses on:
t. pressure against his King. 22. .... KPXB
23. 30. rB3
tBXN BXP 24. 31. N-K6ch K-N1
25. 32. NXR QXN
33. Q-K6ch K-Rl
23. Q-RSch 34. R(3)-R3 BXN
The lines are open! First Tar- 3s. _
jan repeats moves to gain some and the battery of three pieces
time on his clock. Then he con- bearing on Black's KR2 will
tinues the attack" force mate.
 Checkmate! Ec

GAME FOUR- P X B, N-N5; 10" I

Using Mate Threats in N-QB3 and Black
an Open Position better game after i3.
N(s) x KP.
V[hite
TARTAKOWER SCHLECHTER 8.
St. Petersburg, 1909 9. ir-'t,
KING'S GAMBM DECLINED
10. o-(}
What to Vlatch For
This game is characterized by
DIAGRAM 450 repeated sacrifices-each intro-
ducing a mate threat or the threat
31. N-K6ch K-K1 of a significant gain of material.
32. Q XRch Resigns Black makes two questionable
Pawn moves in the opening and
h. For Black must play: White quickly gains superior de-
velopment. He r:.ses it to launcl,
32. .... KXQ one of the most memorable long-
33.
range attacks in chess history.
34.
He fails to mate, but gains mate- DIAGRAAT 45i
and White's extra Rook forces rial and forces his opponent's
an early win. resignation when mate appears o. White's first th;aa:
inevitable in a few more moves. after the quiet c'Pe;
This game clarifies a decision hopes to play:
every player must learn to make. 1. P-K4 P-K4
When an attack has failed to 2. P_K'B,4 B-84 11. BXN R.
mate, and a critical gain of mate- 3. N-KB3 P-Q3 12. N-N5 R-
rial remains possible, take that 4. PXP PXP 13. _
material! White's goal in the King's threatening mate (Q
Gambit is to attack along the and Q-RS maie) j

open KB file. Tartakower opens winning the KBP afte

that file as soon as he can. only defense, 13- . .

KR3.
5. P-83 N_KBS
6. NXP 0-O ....
10. P-
7. P-Q4 B-Q3
8. N-83 Betteris10.....l
White cannot hold the extra bringing another piece i
Pawn. If 8. B-Q3, B X N; 9. As you will soon s€. r
 How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats 305

G$IE FOT]R_ P X B, N-N5; 10. B-KB4, Pawn on KR3 becomes a target

Lrdng Mate Ihreats in N-QB3 and Black has the later on.
rn Open Position better game after L3. . .
11. N(1)-Q2 N-KB3
N(s) x KP. 12. N-84 P-B4?
Tttite Black
TART.{KOWER SCHLECHTER 8. .... xP
hl Black wants to weaken the
St. Petersburg, 1909 9. B-Q3 R-K1 White Pawn center, but is again
fhJG,S GAMBIT DECLII\ED 10. o-() neglecting his develoPment.
Better is 12. N-83.
Wht to Watch For
13. N(83)-Ks PXP?
This game is charactefized by
cpeated sacrffices-each intro-
&cing a mate threat or the threat
d a significant gain of material.
Eack makes two questionable
FdFn moves in the opening and
Yhite qurckly gains superior de-
wlopmenl He uses it to launch
re of the most memorable long-
renge attacks in chess history.
IIe fails to mate, but gains mate-
DIAGRA"M 45I
dal and forces his opponent's
nesignation when mate appears o. White's flrst threat aPPearc DIAGRAM 452
ireritable in a few more moves. after the quiet oPening. He
I. P-K4 P-K4 hopes to play: It is time to consider an at-
2. P_KB4 B-B4 tack. White's development is su-
11. BXN RXB
3. r*-KB3 P-Q3 perior; the lines are open for his
12. N-N5 R-K2
pieces; the Black King position
4. PXP PXP 13. _
lacks defenders.
. Stite's goal in the King's threatening mate (a X RPch
Cambit is to attack along the and Q-R8 mate) and thus 14. NXP!
open KB file. Tartakower opens winning the KBP after Black's The point of this sacrifice will
fut file as soon as he can. only defense, 1.3. . . . . P- be apparent in a few moves.
KR3. However, even at first glance it
5. P_B3 N-KB3
6. NXP ()-O is obvious that it effectively opens
7. P44 hQ3 10. P-KR:}? lines in the Black King position!
8. N-83 Better is 10. B-KNS, 14..... KXN
Ithite cannot hold the extrz bringing another piece into play. Q-RSch K-Nl
15.
Parn- If 8. B-Q3, B X N; 9. As you will soon see, the Black 16. RXN!
 How Ches M
Checkmatel
21. O"' BXN
19. BXP! 22.B-B4ch! B-K3
l. For on 22. . K-B[.
White has:
23. mate

23. R-KB1 QXRch

- has no choice. On:
g. Black
23. .... B-B5
24. wins the Queen-
DIAGRAM 453 (While 23. .. . . Q-K4; ?1-
Q-K8ch,
- K-R2; 25. B-
b. White wins a piece on:
DIAGRAAA 454 Q3ch wins Black's Queen or
mates)
16. QXR Accepting this new sacrifice
17. would subject Black to an at- 24. BXQ N-Q2
18. tack he could not resist. One 25. B-Q3 N-B1
possible line of play might 26. P XP
And has a longer-range win-
ning attack after: then be: The series of mating threau
16. PXR 19. PXB has left White with a Queen asd

K-81 20. Q-N6ch B-N2 two Pawns against a Rook and

L7. Q-N6ch 2t. R-Kl B-QZ a Knight. This material adva.r
18. B X Pch K-K2
19. Q-N7ch K-K3 22. N-K5 Q-Kl tage now wins.

20. Q-N4ch K-Q4 23. B-B4ch K-Bl

21. Q X Pch K-B3 24. Q-R7! B X N
25.
22. NXB QXN 26.
23.
27.
s/inning a Rook! 28.
16. . . .. R-K8Ch 19.
17. R-81 R X Rch 20.
18. BXR B-81 21.
d. For White would win a piece White must prevent Black
after a developing move like: from completing his development,
when the extra piece would be- DTAGRAM 455

18. . . .. N-83? come decisive. This sasrifice ful-

26. B-[[B2
19. fills that need and also opens the
20. 27. N_K3
QB4 square for White's Bishop.
 How Chess Masters Use MatingThreats 307

2l. rr., BXN 28. B-K3 R-Nl

19. BXP! 22. B-B4chl, B-K3 29. P-KN4
,. For on 22. K-81, With two Pawns against one
White has: on the King side, White threatens
to advance and Queen a Pawn.
23. mate

23. R-KB1 29. ,... P-KN4

QXRch 30. Q-KB6
- has no choice.
g. Black On:
lL Threatening to win a Bishop
23,.... B-85 with:
24. wins the Queen.
31.
(While 23. .. . . Q-K4;24.
Q-K8ch,
- K-R2; 25. B- 30..... B-81
DIAGRAAA 454
Q3ch wins Black's Queen or 31. B-R7ch KXB
Accepting this new sacrifice
mates) 32. Q X Bch N-N2
rould subject Black to an at- 24. B X Q N--Q2 33. BXP Resigns
rrck he could not resist. one 2s. B-Q3 N-81
pmsible line of play might 26. P XP
rbeu be: The series of mating threats
19..... PXB has left White with a Queen and
20. Q-N6ch B-N2 two Pawns against a Rook and
21" R-Kl B-Q2 a Knight. This material advan-
22. N-K5 Q_K1 tage now wins.
23. B-B4ch K-81
24. rR7! BXN
?5. _
26- _
n._
n- mate DIAGRA|iA 456

19. .... (l-B3 White has his choice of win-

2(t LNs
- Q-84
21. hr--Q6!
WLite must prevent Black
n cmpleting his development,
a the extra piece would be-
decisive. This sacrffice ful-
-I rhat need and also opens the
26.
14 sguare for White's Bishop.
27. Q-B,3
ning methods. He can advance
hs QP and win a piece when it
reaches the eighth rank. Or he
can advance his King-side Pawns
and either mate or win another
piece. With a hopeless position,
.... B_T(B2 Black has no option but to re-
N-K3 sign.
308 Checkmatel How Chs
GAME FIVE- a backward QP because he ex- 13. P X BP!
Opening the Center pects to gain a considerable lead
in development. Intended to delay Black's d+
ts Force a Mating Attack
velopment of his BishoP and ihu
6. N(Q4)-N5 P-Q3 making it harder for Black :i
White Black
7. B-KNs P-QR3
LVCZAK SZCZEPANIEC build his battery on the QB El:
Poland,1973 8. BXN PXB
9. N-Rs P-84 13. .... Q-R.l
SICILIAN DEFENSE 10. Q-Rs P-Q4 14. R. X N!
What to Tlatch For
b. The first sacrffice in \\)i=':
The Sicilian Defense, ono of plan to open the center b=tc t:
the most analyzed of oPenings, Black has castled ot d3r:l
remains a verdant field for new
oped an attack agailst tht
ideas. Its complexity invites relatively exposed \\t::t
departues from previously ac- King. Find White's rePlY lo:
cepted linss, some of which dis-
appear from master play as soon 14. ..t. QX\
as a crushing novelty proves hith- 15.
erto accepted play unsound. This
game provides such a novelty. In 14. PXR
a variation played for many DIAGRAAA 457
years, White finds a way to open
the center and gains open lines Until this game it was believed
that permit him to drive the Black Black has equality or better at
King to a distant square on which this point.
a standard mate brings victory. 11. O-O-O! BXN
Pay special attention to the sac- 12. PXB N-Qs
rifices that create these open
lines! a. Black's general plan, with
White's King position open to
invasion, has been to form a
P-QB4
battery on the QB file. Any
N-QB3
White move that permits easy
PXP
N-KB3 Black development is there-
fore bad. For example, find White has given uP a Rock i-'
P_K4 a Knight to open the King fl.:
the Black reply to:
How can that file be use*i? Th
This move inaugurates the Pel- 13. NXP White Rook belongs on Kl. tc
ikan Variation (named after a attacking the Knight and va- a Bishop is in the way. Sclui.-=
player, not a bird). Black accepts cating QB1 for a Rook. Sacrffice the Bishop!
 How Chess Masters Use Mating Threats
r backward QP because he ex- 13. P X BP! 15. B-NSch! PXB
Ects to gain a considerable lead 16. R-Klch B-K3?
l development. Intended to delay Black's de-
6. N(Q4)-N5 P-Q3 velopment of his Bishop and thus Perhaps 16. K-Q1
making it harder for Black to would have been better, but
7. B-KNs P-QR3 White would then play Q-R4ch
build his battery on the QB flle.
8. BXN PXB and have a strong attack with his
9. N-R:} P-84 13..... Q-R4 Rook, Knight and Queen bear-
r0. rRs P{+ 14. RXN! ing on an exposed Black King.

b. The flrst sacrffice in White's c. Of course, White wins on:

plan to open the center before
Black has castled or devel- 16. K-81?
L7.
oped an attack against the
18. mate
relatively exposed White
King. Find White's reply to:
17. RXBch K-Ql
14. .... QXN
15. d. For Black is lost on:
L7. K-81?
t4. PXR 18.
19.
tlntil
this game it was believed and mate soon follows on
[-k has equalrty or better at KN7.
hfo point.
18. Q X np K-81
11. HH)! BXN t9. NXQP
12. PXB N-Qs
r. Black's general plan, with
. SIhite's King position open to
iurasion, has been to form a
battery on the QB file. Any
White move that permits easy
Hack development is there-
fore bad. For example, find White has given up a Rook for
fu Black reply to: a Knight to open the King flle.
How can that file be used? The
13. NXP
White Rook belongs on Kl, but
ettacking the Knight and va- a Bishop is in the way. Solution?
cadng QBl for a Rook. Sacrifice the Bishop!
310 Checkmate! How Ches Mt

Now White threatens to win tack fails to bring matg be

a Rook and the game by: wi[ing to accept a gain cf
27. mate material (as in Garne Tlvee)"
20. R-K8ch R X R 4. ptrnish an opponent wbo
2t. QXRch Q-Ql The moral? Be ready to sacri-
makes unnecessary Pasn
22. flce to open
- lines against an ex- moves in the opening by plac-
23. posed King!
ing your pieces in the cenier
24. of the board, being ready to
sacrifice to open the enemy
19..... K-N1
20. Q-N7! QXPch REMEMBER!
21. K-Q1 R-QB1 1. You can plan and imPlement
22. R-QN6! a mating attack when your
pieces can operate along open
t. lnlsafsning: linss, you control the center
23. mate
(or block it), and you can ob-
22. .. .. R-R2 tain an open file bearing on
- the enemy King position (as
in Garne Onc).
2. Lean and play gambit open-
ings to gain practice in attack-
ing when you have a lead in
development, paying special
attention to attacks on weak
points, gaining open lines, and
using threats of mate or ma-
terial gain to limit your oppo-
nent's choices of moves (as in
Garne Two).
3. Try to be first to open lines
DIAGRAAA 460
when you and your opponent
have casfled on opposite sides
Black has succeeded in his
plan to flee to the Queen side, of the board. Bring your
pieces to bear on the enemy
but is now the target of a stan-
dard mating attack ending in a King position, play to remove
smothered mate! Can you see it? defenders, ffid use threats to
mate or win material to make
g. 23. your opponent remain on the
24. defensive. Then, if your at-
 How Chess Masters Use Meting Thr,eats 311

tack fails to bring mate, be King position or restrict his

wi[ing to accept a gain of development during your at-
n. mate material (as in Garne Three). tack (as in Gwne Four).
Ite moral? Be ready to sacri- 4. Punish an opponent who 5. When your opponent has at-
b open makes unnecessary Pawn tacked prematurely and has
D
- lines against an ex-
King! moves in the opening by plac- delayed sasfling, consider sac-
5dl
ing your pieces in the center rifces to open the center for
of the board, being ready to a direct assault on his King
sacrifice to open the enemy (as in Game Five).
IIETTBER!
Ym can plan and implement
e mating attack when your
IiEces can operate along open
ErEs, you control the center
(r block it), and you can ob-
lefrr an open file bearing on
fu enemy King position (as
rcurt?e Onc).
l4a and play gambit open-
tEt to gain practice in attack-
Lg when you have a lead in
*rrdopment paying special
rEtion to attacks on weak
!fts, gaining open lines, and
ffrg threats of mate or ma-
Ehl gain to limit your oppo-
lrfs choices of moves (as in
hcTwo).
try to be first to open lines
fu you and your opponent
hre castled on opposite sides
f the board. Bring your
irces to bear on the enemy
tr1g position, play to remove
kftaders, and use threats to
& or win material to make
r opponent remain on the
kfrrrsive. Then, if your at-

CHAPTER 25
You Gan Do It Too!
Over the Oceans and a
Home at Last!
Al1 of the masters whose wins
appear in this chapter share a
blessing-migration to the United
States of America. They came
seeking freedom of opportunity
in a free world, and found it in
the world of American chess.
Much of the game in the United
States today reflepts the success
and influence of a handful of
players whose chess training was
in other countries. Samuel Re-
shevsky came from Poland and
George Koltanowski from Bel-
grum by way of Spain (during its
civil war); Pal Benko fled Hun-
gary's turmoil and Lubomir Kav-
alek that of Czechoslovakia;
Anatol Lein and Leonid Sham-
kovich are recent arrivals from
the Soviet Union. Viktor Korch-
noi first settled in the Nether-
3t2
lands and has been invited to
live in the United States. Their
presence and that of such foreign-
born players as Walter Browne
and Nicholas Rossolimo-among
dozens more for whom we lack
room here-have helped Ameri-
can chess prove its universality.
Here as in a few other parts of
the world a chess master is judged
by his ability, not for his religion,
race, or politics.
This chapter is a preliminary
review of mating ideas from the
play of these masters. Even more,
it is a special offer of thanks to
the American chess community
in the name of all those who
found a real home within the
chess fraternity of the United
States. Each of the players men-
tioned in this chapter has pro-
duced enough beautiful wins to
fill a book. The large number of
positions from George Koltau-
owski's games presumes no stts
periority on his Part, but zIrE
included because, csming trom
one player's files, theY helP to
illustrate the gteat varier.v cf
mates possible to one q'ho bas
mastered the ideas contained in
this book. You can do it tm'
for finding a checkmate in a
given position is the reward ot
knowledge-the kind of knoml-
edge you should hoPefulls hare
mastered by now!
(The Editqt)
DIAGRAAI 46I
KOLTANOWSKT AMATELT'
-
Blindfold Exhibition
Providence, Rhode Islaad, 194'0
White Mates in Ihree MoYcs
AI,IALY$S
Apply the lessons You havt
learned. White has a Rook cn e
half-open file. His Queen d
Ifuight bear on an oPen Kiq
position. His mate dePends c

r and has been invited to
h the United States. Their
rce and that of such foreign-
playerr as Walter Browne
iHolas Rossol imo-among
G more for whom we lack
t he-have helped Ameri-
tcss prove its universality.
r s in a few other parts of
mdd a chess master is judged
i abiliry, not for his religion,
c politics.
ft chapter is a preliminary
r of mating ideas from the
d these masters. Even more,
r ryecial offer of thanks to
lnerican chess community
E name of all those who
I a real home within the
r fraternity of the United
r" Each of the players men-
rl in this chapter has pro-
il enough beautiful wins to
took- The large number of
ioc from George Koltan-
owski's games presumes no su-
periority on his part, but
included because, coming from
one player's flles, they help to
illustrate the great variety of
mates possible to one who has
mastered the ideas contained in
this book. You can do it
for finding a checkmate in a
given position is the reward of
knowledge-the kind of knowl-
edge you should hopefully have
mastered by now!
(The Editors)
DIAGRAAA 467
KOLTANOWSKI AMATEUR
-
Blindtokl Exhibition
Providence, Rhode Island, 1940
White Mates in Three Moves
ANALYSIS
Apply the lessons you
learned. White has a Rook on a
half-open file. His Queen and
Ifuight bear on an open King
position. His mate depends on
You Can Do It Tool 313
being able to play Q-N6. How
are does he complete the opening of
the Black position so that his
Queen and Knight can then force
mate?
too, 3. mate
-
DIAGRAM 462
RESHEVSKY YANOFSI(Y
-
1968 Olympiad
White Mates in lhree Moves
ANALYSIS
The immigration of the Polish
chess prodigy "Sammy" Reshev-
sky gave the United States a
world-class grandmaster who
dominated the game in his
adopted country for some twentY-
flve years. Repeatedly active as a
have mainstay of United States teams,
he won this game when he was
almost sixty. His Canadian opPo-
nent was crushed by Reshevsky's
success in achieving three Posi-
314 Checkmatet

tional advantages-a Bishop pre- still a frightening new power (remove the defenders!). Then be
venting any move by the Black source-atomic energy. And that invades with his own Rook
KBP, a Rook on an open file, may explain why he tried so hard
and a Queen ready to force its for quick wins-as in this case L. . . . . B-B6ch:
way to KR7. The only problem where a double check is the pre- 2. RXB N-B6ch
is to find a way to force the Black lude to what by now must be a 3. K-K2 R--Q7ch
Bishop at Black's KN2 to move! familiar mate! 4. K-81
1.
And now the White Kine is
2. forced to its KR3 where it is
3. mate 3. mate mated by the combined action
of a Rook, a Knight, and a
Bishop!
4.....

E#

DIAGRAAA 463 DIAGRAM 464

KOLTANOWSKI
-
MRS. MARY HOFFENBERT
Blindfold Exhibition
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1947
White Mates in Three Moves
ANA.LYSIS
Giving hundreds of exhibi-
tions around the United States
over more than thirty-five years,
George Koltanowski built a na-
tional following that made his
visits a time of local excitement.
One of his regular stops was at
Oak Ridge, where he always felt
a little smothered by what was
KOKKORTS IGVALEK
-
Athens,1968
Black Mates in Seven Moves
ANALYSIS
The year of the Russian in-
vasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968,
was also a year of decision for
Lubomir Kavalek, then Czecho-
slovakia's national comer. His
grandmaster talent, shown in this
finisfo, has made him one of the
highest-ranked American players.
With three pieces for a Queen,
he sacrifices a Bishop to get
White's Rook off its first rank
DIAGNAM 465
KOLTANOWSKI AIVIATEUB
-
Blindtold Exhibition
Netherlands' 1938
White IVIates in Ihrce Moves
ANALYSIS
The life of a professional chess
master is a round of travels-to
play or to grve exhibitioos in
country atter country. It is r+
ommended only to those mad
 You Can Do It Tool 315
Ia frightening new power
(remove the defenders!). Then he enough to enjoy it-and unable
reatomic energy. And that invades with his own Rook. to leave the road that promises
y ceplain why he tried so hard
B-Bfth! a new or old chess puzzle tomor-
quick wins-as in this case 1.. . . . .
2. RXB N_Bfth row. This t'nre it was an old one
ilE a double check is the pre-
3. K-K2 R--Q7ch Arab Mate combined with
E to what by now must be a -the
4. K-B1 a double check. These two aids
itiar mate!
to forcing checkmate push the
And now the White King is Black King to its corner square
I forced to its KR3 where it is and its demise.
L mate mated by the combined action
of a Rook, a Knight, and a NXR
Bishop!
3. mate
- 4.....

mate -

DIAGRAM 464
IDKKORTS IL{VALEK
-
Atherc,1968
f Mates in Seven Moves
ILY$S
b year of the Russian in-
n of Czechoslovakia, 1968,
*o a year of decision tor
nir Kavalek, then Czecho-
tia's national comer. His
fuaster talent, shown in this
I tas made him sns of the
rt ranked American players.
r thee pieces for a Queen,
ry;fices a Bishop to get
El Rook off its first rank
DIAGRAM 465
KOLTANOWSKI _ AIVIATEI'R
Blindlold Exhibition
Netherlands, 1938
White IVIates in lhree Moves
ANALYS$
The life of a professional chess
master is a round of travels-to
play or to grve exhibitions in
country after country. It is rec-
ommended only to those mad
DlAGRArtl 465
RESITEVSK^T POLUGAEVSKI
-
Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 1970
TVhite Mates in Five Moves
AI\ALYSIS
Any contest betwepn two
world-class grandmasters can be-
come an exciting struggle in
which the smallest error is ex-
ploited to launch an attack.
Black's advance of his King-side
Pawns had created holes in his
King position. White then in-
vaded with Queen and Knight.
316 Checkmate!

Now he can iguore Black's threat- terns glimpsed within complicated who emigrated to the Unitd
ened Q X Pch as he com- positions. When they succeeded, States. There he became a leading
pletes the opening of lines leading as in this game, they led to in- chess writer, S lanking gandmes'
to mate. teresting mating positions. White ter, and among the most acriYe

1. PXPch KXP has placed his Queen and Knight and most successful ParticiPans
2. Q-QSch Resigrs on critical squares while Black in his new country's oPen tourna'
was setting up a mate threat (. . . . ments. This is one of his victories
All Black can do is interpose Q-N8). But White strikes first insuch an event. Note that hb
his pieces to delay the mate for a against a King position that lacks opponent threatens mate in one.
few moves! Thus: defenders. Note that the mate But Hoffmann resigned after:
2. .. o ] N-K4 would have been impossible B X Pch
1..
3. without the White Pawn at K5!
4. Try a check! For he cannot escaPe mate
5. mate on:
1.
2.
1. K-I\i4
3.
2.
J. mate
4. mate

DIAGRAA,I 467
KOLTANOWSKT _
SOULTANBEIEFF
Hastings,1927
DIAGRAAA 469
Tt/hite Mates in Foru Moves DIAGRAAA 468
_ AMATEL?
KOLTANOWSKI
BENKO HOFFMAIqN Blindfold Exhibition
ANALYSIS New- York,1967 Switzerland, 1936
Participation in Hastings tour- IVhite Forces Mate
naments was part of George ANALYSIS in Eight Moves
Koltanowski's path to world Pal Benko, a student playing
prominence. In the 1920s the in Iceland when the Russians in- ANALYSIS
young master often played all- vaded Hungary in 1956, was one George Koltanowski's success
out attacks based on mating pat- of the thousands of Hungarians in blindfold play has often re
 You Can Do It Too! 317

E gtimpsed within complicated who emigrated to the United flected his understanding of mat-
ritions. When they succeeded, States. There he became a leading ing patterns which, once recog-
;ia this game, they led to in- chess writer, a ra:rking grandmas- nizsfl, seem to dictate his moves
uting mating positions. White ter, and among the most active just as clearly as if he had full
r placed his Queen and Knight and most successful particiPants sight of the board. Can you see
t critical squares while Black in his new country's open touma- an epaulettes-type mate in this
ts sening up a mate threat (. . . . ments. This is one of his victories position? Watch it appear!!
-+{8). But White strikes first in such an event. Note that his 1. N-B6ch PXN
Fiosfi a King position that lacks opponent threatens mate in one. 2. RXNch PXR
&aders. Note that the mate But Hoffmann resi8Bed after: 3. QXPch K_81
rH have been impossible L. BXPch 4. PXP rB2
lftom the White Pawn at K5! 5._
a check! For he cannot escape mate
ryr
on: 6._
7._
1. K-N4 8. mate
2.
4- mate 3. mate

-
- -

DIAGRAM 470
BROWNE _ DAMJANOVICH
Yenice,l97I
DIAGRAM 469
DIAGRAA,T 468 IVhite IVIates in Four Moves
KOLTANOWSKI AMATEUR
BE\XO _ HOFFMANN -
Blindlold Exhibition
New York,1967 AI{ALYSIS
Switzerland, 1936
White Forces Mate Walter Browne grew uP in the
IALYSIs in Eight Moves United States, becoming one of a
H a student playing
Benko, number of rising young chess
t'rand when the Russians in- ANALYSIS masters. Seeking a short cut to
bd Hungary in 1956, was one George Koltanowski's success intemational play, he returned to
,fu thousands of Hungarians in blindfold play has otten re- his native Australia, became its
318 Clteckmate!
champion, and was invited to
play (and tied for first!) in a
major intenaational event in
Puerto Rico. Result-he berame
a grandmaster! Latq taking
United States citizenship, he be-
came the nation's champion. His
carefully prepared attacks have
kept him in the forefront of the
world's best-as can be seen
from the sudden explosion of the
position that won this game
against one of Yugoslavia's lead-
ing players. Suppose the Black
Pawn at KN2 were gone. How
can mate then follow? A sacri-
fice prepares the mate by Queen
and Bishop.
1.
)
3.
4. mate
DIAGRAAA 47I
KOLTANOWSKI _ AMATEI.'R
S i mul t ane o us E xhi bi t io n
St. Cloud, Minnesota, 1975
ANALY$S American chess scene-and with
This position, in an exhibition as much immediate su@ess. This
that was in a sense George Kol- position from his earlier play is a
tanowski's celebration of his elec- simple demonstration of tbe
tion to the presidency of the strength that comes from inrz&
United States Chess Federation, ing your opponent's positioa Do
permitted one of those Queen you see the Arab Mat+rep€ated
sacrifices we examined in an in this chapter because it is so
earlier chapter. This will be mate common in mating practice?
by a Rook. It should give you 1.
no problems! 2. nrate
1. Q-R6 R-KN1
2.
mate
3.
DIAGMM 473
KOLTANOWSKT AMATEL'R,
- S pain,
Blindtold Exhibition, 193 4
DIAGRAM 472 White lUates in Four Moves
A WIN BY SHAMKOVICH IN
r970 AT{ALYSIS
IVhite Mates in Tho Moves Perhaps the key lesson Ameri-
can chess masters have leamed
ANALYflS from those who came from otber
Leonid Shamkovich, after long lands to join them is the imPcr-
efforts, was permitted to emigrate tance of precise play. Consam
from the Soviet Union. He went play in European tournaments
to Israel and then to the United demands the need to cons€r!-e
States. Few players have so one's energies for the next da/s
quickly become part of the play. An unnecessary drawaod

\T{ALYSIS
This position, in an exhibition
ht in a sense George Kol-
was
Ewski's celebration of his elec-
in to the presidency of the
ffied States Chess Federation,
Enntted one of those Queen
niftes we examined in an
iier chapter. This will be mate
y a Rook. It should give you
o problems!
1. Q-R6 R-KNI
L 1.
3. mate
DIAGRA,t 472
A STT BY SHAMKOVICH IN
1970
WLite Mates in Two Moves
fALY$S
Lconid Shamkovich, after long
nrts, was permitted to emigrate
r the Soviet Union. He went
Bra€l and then to the United
tEs. Few players have so
Ftry become part of the
American chess scene-and with
as much immediate success. This
position from his earlier play is a
simple demonstration of the
strength that comes from invad-
ing your opponent's position. Do
you see the Arab Mate-repeated
chapter because it is so
in this
common in mating practice?
1.
2. mate
DIAGRAM 473
KOLTANOWSKI _ AMATEI'R
BlindloW Exhibition, Spain, 1934
White IVIates in Four Moves
AI{ALYSIS
Perhaps the key lesson Ameri-
can chess masters have learned
from those who came from other
lands to join them is the impor-
tance of precise play. Constant
play in European tournaments
demands the need to conserve
one's energies for the next day's
play. An unnecessary drawn-out
You Can Do It Too! 319
ending means fatigue, and should
be avoided. A bit of extra think-
ing can finish a game quickly
when an advantage is clear. In
this position White can win
Black's Bishop and then play on
to a later mate. But why bother
to take a piece when a mate is
already possible? Its execution
requires forcing Black to play
. . . . P-KN4 to lock in Black's
King.
2.
3.
4. mate
DIAGRAM 474
LEIN SAVON
-
Seviet Union,1971
White lllated in Five Moves
AI{ALYSIS
The style of Anatol Lein is cer-
tain to affect the play of Ameri-
can masters who must now seek
ways to handle the former Soviet
320 Checkmatel

champion. Lein often gains points alike can be mated by the same
through careful play with his kinds of attack. Here is a game
Pawns, whose prepared advance in which the two roads to a po-
limits an opponent's options. In sitional advantage occurred at
this game he achieved a mate one time-weak opening moves
that began with an apparent piece followed by passive play. No
sacrifice. wonder the end came in only
1. P-87 RXR fifteen moves, with two ways to
2. P-881-Q)ch RXQ mate from the diagrammed posi-
tion!
Now Lein could have picked
off the second Black Rook-but 1. P-K4, P-K4; 2. N-KB3, DIAGRAAA 476
instead executed a simple mate P-Q3; 3. P-Q4, QN-Q2; ROSSOLIMO ROMANENKO
that again demonstrated the 4. B-QB4, P-KR3?; 5. P X -
GermanY,7948
power of a combined Queen and P,PXP;6.BXPch,KXB; White Mates in Four Moves
Rook! 7. N X Pch, K-83; 8. Q-Q5,
N-K2; 9. G-B7ch, K X N; ANALYSIS
3.
10. B-B4ch, K-Q5; (on 10. In the years before his death
4.
5. mate
....KXP;11.N-Q2ch,K- in an accidental fall, Nicholas
Q5; 12. Q-84 mate) 11. N- Rossolimo made his New York
R3, P-QN4; 12. Q-K6, chess studio a center of instmc-
K-84 tion for aspiring players. The
White announced mate in three. grandmaster, with the well-
Can you see it? earned reputation that came from
scores of brilliant mates in gran&
l.
, master tournaments, often used
J. mate his own wins to illustrate how
he had become French chamPion
and a leading grandmaster before
emigrating to the United States.
This fine finish may have been
one of his model examPles! A
DIAGRAAA 475 hint to aid you-the first moYe
KOLTANOWSKI AMATEUR is made by the BishoP! And
- B russels, 1 9 5 3
B li ndf old E xhibition,
Black then captured the BishoP
TYhite IVIates in Three Moves in the game!
1.
ANALYSIS
2.
This chapter has demonstrated 3.
how amateurs and grandmasters 4. mate

alike can be mated by the same
tiDds of attack. Here is a game
in which the two roads to a po-
ritional advantage occurred at
w time-weak opening moves
follosed by passive play. No
ponder the end came in only
fftern moves, with two ways to
mate from the diagrammed posi-
tbn!
l- P-K4, P-K4; 2. N-K83,
F-Q3; 3. P-Q4, QN-Q2;
,'f. HB4, P-KR3?; 5. P X
P,PXP;6.BXPch,KXB;
7. li X Pch, K-B3; 8. Q-Q5,
!it-K2; 9. G-B7ch, K X N;
lO- B-B4ch, K-Q5; (on 10.
K X P; 11. N-Q2ch, K-
Q5; 12. Q-B4 mate) 11. N-
R3, P-QN4; 12. Q-K6,
K-B4
White announced mate in three.
Can you see it?
1"
a,
3" mate
DIAGRAAA 476
ROSSOLIMO ROMANENKO
- -
Germany,1948
IVhite Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIS
In the years before his death
in an accidental fall, Nicholas
Rossolimo made his New York
chess studio a center of instruc-
tion for aspiring players. The
grandmaster, with the well-
earned reputation that came from
scores of brilliant mates in grand-
master tournaments, often used
his own wins to illustrate how
he had become French champion
and a leading grandmaster before
emigrating to the United States.
This fine finish may have been
one of his model examples! A
hint to aid you-the first move
is made by the Bishop! And
Black then captured the Bishop
in the game!
1.
2.
3.
4. mate
You Can Do It Too! 321
DIAGRAM 477
KORCHNOI POLUGAEVSKI
Leningrad,1964
TVhite Mates in Four Moves
ANALYSIs
The strongest grandmaster to
defect from the Soviet Union or
to leave it under normal emigra-
tion rules was Victor Korchnoi,
whose sudden decision to leave
his native country and perhaps
head for the United States came
in the summer of. 1.976. His ar-
rival would make the future of
American chess more than ever
a continuation of a trend evident
for two hundred years-the best
of other lands seeking personal
growth and improvement in the
United States. Add his name to
the bicentennial memories.
Korchnoi, second best player in
the world to Karpov in the 1975
world championship matches,
has a style that depends less on
mate threats than it does on the
winning of material-after which
his opponents usually resign in-
 Checkmatel
stead of waiting to be mated. But
sometimes a grandmaster too will
fight on to the end-and Korch-
noi knows how to handle such
situations! His mate in three
threat becomes a mate in four
when Polugaevski glves up a
Queen . . . although he resigned
after White's second move.
1.
2.
3.
4. mate
REMEMBER!
1. This preliminary review of
some key mating ideas should
have served as a further re-
minder of key general goals
remove defenders, to
-to
open linss, and to bring your
pieces into an enemy King
position once you recognize
the possibility for a standard
mate.
Do not forget that most of
the mating positions that will
occur in your chess career
have already occurred in basic
form in the past. Recognize
the pattern, check your forces,
and, by following the sugges-
tions made in this book, more
and more of your own games
will end in checkmate!
EP It O GUE
It's Harder to Checkm
in Western Asia!
When George Koltanomki dr
misadventure, and insisted I L
cepted it as an act of cotdq
journalist, and the elected H i
But when a consultant sdYbd
scribed had been Printed in ft !
tion of someone named Dogrr
We established that George K&
the United States team in fu
peared for four daYs at the cld
returned to San Francisco bY r
sand dollars in Swiss francs. E
lems have their origin in ad
and his many examPles of Pmt
ferent people almost simutsr
would be best to Permit E rl
his tale. Our aPologies to tlt""f
any believe it, come with ttb r
in western Asia'
fi
have served as a further re-
minder of key general goals
remove defenders, to EPITOGUE
-to
op€n lins5, and to bring your
pieces into an enemy King
lnsition once you recognue It's llarder to Checkmate
tbe possibility for a standard
Eate.
in YYestern Asia!
Do not forget that most of
the mating positions that will
@ur in your chess career
have already occurred in basic
form in the past. Recognize
the pattern, check your forces,
and, by following the sugges-
tions made in this book, more
When George Koltanowski submitted the story of his 1974
and more of your own games
misadventure, and insisted it had really happened, we ao'
rill end in checkmate!
cepted it as an act of confidence in a respected chess master,
journalist, and the elected head of organized American chess.
But when a consultant advised us that the position he de'
scribed had been printed in the Soviet Union as the composi'
tion of someone named Dogorov, we had to check further-
We established that George Koltanowski had indeed captained
the United States team in the 1974 Olympiad, had disap-
peared for four days at the end of the competition, and had
returned to san Francisco by way of Manila with two thou-
sand dollars in Swiss francs. His insistence that many prob-
lems have their origin in actual games could not be denied,
and his many examples of problems being composed by dif-
ferent people almost simultaneously convinced us that it
would be best to permit our readers to judge the truth of
his tale. Our apologies to those who doubt it, and our joy if
any believe it, come with this asaz.ing story of an encounter
in western Asia.
THE EDITORS

323
 3?/+ Checkmatel
"Who are you?"
"I am a guest of the governor, alr
"I eat guests of the governor fa I
"I am a chess master come to gr
Well, what would you have done in my place? Two thousand governor's palace."
dollars in Swiss francs and all expenses paid for a single exhibition "What is a chess master?"
of blindfold chess is not easily refused! It was at the Nice Olympiad To cut the story short, he had m
in 1974 that this bearded gentleman with an Oxford accent ap- away where he insisted that I -r I
proached me and asked if I still played blindfold chess. I did, but no game to him. I had to, for he he^l
more than ten games simultaneously. That would be fine, and would and had divided it into two Piles-
I be willing to fly to his palace in westem Asia (less than five hours saving my life from his followers aD
away) to play some of his guests at the tenth anniversary of his pro- whatever he decided we would do.
vincial govemorship? He sweetened the invitation with cash in ad- country love to gambleJor !f,as'en
vance and agreed to arrange my flight home via Manila. On the last and he was beginning to see an inrc
day of play I sent the United States team home and was soon the I explained the rules of chess to.l
single passengef, on his private jet--on my way to what proved to be tain each was clear. I showed hi'n
the most difficult chess game ['d ever played. plained that the object is to marc t
I had been active for years in efforts 1s imFrove chess in the the pieces, the meaning of sraleu
world's less developed countries. But even the much-traveled Dr. reaching the eighth rank becmcs
Max Euwe, President of FIDE, had not made it to this area! I began clarify the fact that White moved I
to ponder the several columns and articles that would surely develop in the games he knew the first mot
from this trip. Who knew whether or not I might find some strong of skill such as the throwing of a h
player at my exhibition who might be persuaded to organize tourna- en passanf, I told him that he ncm
ments in this least known of chess communities? could I leave now? He could keeP t
The jet landed on an isolated airstrip high in the mountains. A sand, so long as I could go on to tt
waiting car moved me through desolate rocky scenery toward the "Let's play a gamer" he said -I
palace a few miles away, traveling along a winding mountain road you win you'll take all of ir If re &
that kept the driver to about flve miles an hour. Then, at a turn in the for playing me I'11 escort You ro ft
road, the car had to stop before a large boulder. The driver got out or dead."
to examine the obstruction and was immediately seized by three What an offer! I decided to tqn
armed men. My door was opened by a bearded heavy-set giant of a to challenge me after havin-e iu* lc
man whose pistol gestured me out to the side of the road. My one at a post and, when he won, he cho
thought was that I was dreaming, ffid had become the unfortunate 1. P-K4. He thought for 3 mim
victim of a stagecoach holdup in some Holllmood Westem. This was going to be so eas5-l I P&
My captor spoke in an unknown language and I answered in play slowlY, toYing with a knife r
English, cursed a bit in Flemish, tried Spanish, snfl finally turned to moves. Yes, it unnewed me- A ctc
French. Anazingly, he spoke it! His wife (or one of them) was a trol over his ng1Yss, but whoeser P
French-speaking woman from I-ebanon. One of his men opened my Two hours later and with dafu
bags and wheu teu chess sets were removed ftom one of them my ahead and had an easy win- I cd
captor suddenly grew suspicious. This was the position after thirty u

in my place? Two thousand
I pard for a single exhibition
It was at the Nice Olympiad
rith an Odord accent ap-
bfindtold chess. I did, but no
It would be fine, and would
rn Asia (less than five hours
r-rh anniversary of his pro-
; iuvitation with cash in ad-
rE via Manila. On the last
u home and was soon the
It Eay to what proved to be
tGd
ilr to improvo chess in the
ma the much-fraveled Dr.
rrde i1 1e this area! I began
i tat would surely develop
st t might find some strong
traded to orgafizn tourna-
mities?
p high in the mountains. A
E rocky scenery toward the
g a ninding mountain road
r bour. Then, at a turn in the
bolder. The driver got out
mediately seized by three
Eerded heavy-set giant of a
c sille of the road. My one
d become the unfortunate
h[yvood Westem.
rFage and I answered in
Eisb, and finally trrrned to
E (or one of them) was a
fu of his men opened my
ncd from one of them my
Epilogue 325
"Who are you?"
"I am a guest of the governor, and you had better let me go!"
"I eat guests of the governor for breakfast. Why are you here?"
"f am a chess master come to give an exhibition of my skill at the
governor's palace."
"What is a chess master?"
To cut the story short, he had me taken to his camp some distance
I
away where he insisted that set up a chessboard and explain the
I
game to him. had to, for he had taken my two thousand dollars
and had divided it into two piles. His half, he said, was a fee for
saving my life from his followers and my half would be my stakes for
whatever he decided we would do. It seems that the people of his
country love to gamble-for wagers up to and including one's lif+
and he was beginning to see an interesting kind of bet coming up.
I explained the rules of chess to him, taking my time to make cer-
tain each was clear. I showed him how each piece moved and ex-
plained that the object is to mate the King. I went into the value of
the pieces, the meaning of stalemate, and indicated that a Pawn
reaching the eighth rank becomes any piece. It took some time to
clarify the fact that White moved first (a strange notion to him, for
in the games he knew the first move was always decided by a proof
of skill such as the throwing of a knife). Finally, when he understood
en passanf, I told him that he now knew how to play the game. And
could I leave now? He could keep the thousand or take the two thou-
sand, so long as I could go on to the governor's palace.
"Let's play a game," he said. "If I win I'll take all the money; if
you win you'll take all of it. If we draw I'll shoot you. And in payment
for playing me I'11 escort you to the governor without charge-living
or dead."
What an offer! I deeided to teach this bandit a lesson for daring
to challenge me after having just learned the game! We tossed knives
at a post and, when he won, he chose the Black pieces. I opened with
1. P-K4. He thought for a minute and played 1. . . . . P-KR4.
This was going to be so easy! I played 2. B-84. Then he began to
play slowly, toying with a knife or pistol as he made each of his
moves. Yes, it unnerved me. A chess master is supposed to have con-
trol over his nerves, but whoever played under such conditions?
Two hours later and with darkness approaching, I was four pieces
ahead and had an easy win. I could promote a Pawn or mate in two.
This was the position after thirty moves--one that I will never forget.
326 Checkmatel

will now have to deliver You as

hand.
"Give me time to make sure (
two minutes reminded me of sou
ruin a master's nerves as I -arr
me-a flash of chess brilliancY t
years at the game! I PlaYed 32- I
it to a Black King.

DIAGRAAA 478

I played 31. K-B2, alid explained ts him that he was lost, for my
next move would be B-Q4 mate. He looked closely at the board
and began to muffer some of the words I hadn't heard since I was a
kid in Brussels discovering the beautiful imagery of cursing in French.
Then, instead of resipsxing he played 31. .. . . P-R8 and asked for
another King.
"Wait a minuter" I shouted. "You cannot have two Kings! A Pawn
can be promoted to any piece but a King!" DdAl
The bandit smiled. "You said that a Pawn that reaches the eighth
rank becomes any piece. A King is a piece. I make a King!" "You cannot change a S-I
screamed.
"When did I saY that?" f astr
was that a Pawn can be PiotD€
piece, isn't it?"
"Very well, but You still har
And he played 32. . . . . K-N
The end was in sight at laq-

DIAGRAAA 479

I looked 4f him, considered the size of his pistol and the light
gleaming from his knife blade, and decided that he was right. I had
long ago leamed the folly of arguing with people who have very strong
convictions. Ihen I looked at the position and began to tremble.
Both Black Kings were stalemated. No matter what I did one of them
would re,main stalemated and the game would be a drawt
"Sorry, chess master. The game is a stalemate, and that means I
 will now have to deliver you as promised." And ,::::::r*ur t'il
hand.
"Give me time to make sure of the situation," I pleaded. The next
two minutes reminded me of some of the time pressure scrarnbles that
ruin a master's nerves as I searched for a way out. Then it came to
me-a flash of chess brilliancy that beat anything I had seen in flfty
years at the game! I played 32. P-R8 and told him I was promoting
it to a Black King.

Itsm that he was lost, for my

hnked closely at the board
ILadn't heard since I was a
b.gery of cursing in French.
,.. . , P-RS and asked for
d have two Kings! A Pawn
7 DIAGRAM 480
hrn that reaches the eighth
c, ImakeaKing!" "You cannot change a White Pawn into a Black King!" he
screamed.
"When did I say that?" I asked in my softest voice. "Al1 I told you
was that a Pawn can be promoted to any piece. A Black King is a
piece, isn't it?"
"Very well, but you still haven't won the game. Let's continue."
And he played 32. . . . . K-N1.
The end was in sight at last. I simply played 33. P-R7 and his

d his pistol and the light

H t+rat he was right. I had
Iqlle who have very strong
h and began to tremble.
rEt xftat I did one of them
Ed be a drawl
lrlernate, and that means I
328 Checkmatel

only possible reply was 33. o . . . K-Rl. Then, with a sob rather
than a sigh of relief, I played 34. P--'R8(:Q) and mated all three
Kings at once!
That's the story. He kept three of my sets and, money and all else
intact, I was taken to the door of the palace. The details of my extri-
bition are a little htzzy, for I found myself concentrating on prevent- A 0uiz Review of 'C
ing my opponents from advancing Pawns to the eighth rank-which
made my play less than brilliant.
A couple of years have passed, and I hear that western Asia is
enjoying a chess craze that had its origin in a strange variation of
the gams played in the mountains. I wonder if the dreamlike quallty
of my memories of the area could have any connection to this de-
velopment. Or have I become so involved in the study of checkmates
that this story just sprang from a midnight chessboard?
The fifty positions in this quh
review the basic mating ideas Yu
ing ability. Some are direct S
on in this book; others are Exrne
bination of mating possibilities. /
pictured the final mating Posidm
Analyze each Position as if it
games. Set it uP on Your cbesst
turn it is to move. Note that yor
needed to achieve the mate or &
to find (and write down) the mcr
below the position. If You snTl ha
page 344, where You will find fr
Play that move and try to fr4
next five minutes do not resar(
answers (beginning on Page 3ff
line through at least tw'ice to da
tion. Then, before continuing r
chapters indicated in the an'sll'st
tion.
The mating ideas n Checbtu
Most of the Positions are sirni&
few are unique aPPlications d t
commit to memory because d
yield to this aPProach:
E-R1. Then, with a sob rather
P-R81-Q) and mated all three
I u-r sers and, money and all else
r 1nlace. The details of my exhi-
uyself concentrating on prevent- A Ouiz Review 0f "Gheckmate!'f ldeas
hsns to the eighth rank-which
rnd I hear that western Asia is
la _iein in a strange variation of
I ronder if the dreamlike quality
laYe any connection to this de-
idred in the study of checkmates
irrnight chessboard?

The fifty positions in this quiz were selected from master play to
review the basic mating ideas you must know to improve your play-
ing ability. Some are direct applications of mating ideas elaborated
on in this book; others are more complex in that they utilize a com-
bination of mating possibilities. All can be understood once you have
pictured the final mating positions.
Analyze each position as if it had occurred in one of your own
games. Set it up on your chessboard with you as the player whose
turn it is to move. Note that you are not told how many moves are
needed to achieve the mate or draw. Take no more than ten minutes
to find (and write down) the moves that achieve the result called for
below the position. If you still haven't found the continuation, turn to
page 344, where you will find the first move of the best line of play.
Play that move and try to find the rest of the continuation. If the
next five minutes do not reward you with the solution, turn to the
answers (beginning on page 365) and play the winning or drawing
line through at least twice to clarify the idea illustrated by the posi-
tion. Then, before continuing with the quiz, review the chapter or
chapters indicated in the answer if you did not find the best continua-
tion.
The mating ideas rn Checkmate! bave been scrambled in this qttz.
Most of the positions are similar to positions already examined. A
few are unique applications of s/inning ideas that you will probably
commit to memory because of their unusual nature. But all should
yield to this approach:
329
 A QrLi;
330 Checkmatel

1. Seek the mating or drawing idea implicit in the position.

2. Find the barriers to achieving that idea and decide how
to remove them.
3. Select your moves and the best replies to them.
4. It you fail to solve the problems set by a position, take
the time to review the idea it illustrates before continu-
ing. The suure idea may reappear at another point in the
qruJz.

The range of correct solutions found in informal testing of a number

of players of varying ability reveals this pattem ot results:

MASTERS get 50 correct answers. t

EXPERTS get 40 to 45 correct answers. MARTINS DUEB.{IL
-
West GermanY,1971
CLASS A players get at least 30 correct answers.
YYhite to Move and Force ltrr
INTERMEDIATE PLAYERS get at least 20 correct answers.
BEGINNERS get 10 or fewer corect answers.

You can use these results asi a general evaluation of what you have
learred, always remembering that there is an unavoidable gap be-
tween acquiring knowledge and applying it under the pressures of
play. But remember that your goal is a perfect score-not proof of
master ability but a reflection of the time you take to review anc/
study the ideas you have examined in this book. It is suggested that
you repeat this qttlz at least once a month, each time reviewing the
chapters containing the ideas you still find unclear. Always follow the
procedure of setting up positions rather than trying to solve from
diagrams.
A word of caution! Several of the positions involve a mate with
Queen and Rook, a type of checkmate included in many of the
chapters but not made the subject of a special chapter because the
Queen can act as a Rook or Bishop and such situations were ex- 2
amined in the chapters dealing with these pieces. Of course, if the RHEINEIMER REIDEB.{CE
mate is by a supported Queen, study of Chapter 5 will show that the -
West Germany,1975
Rook is no more than a supporthg piece in a checknate.
Black Resignerl in thk
A majority of the positions involve sacrifices to force a final mating
^cosition. He Coulil Have IIzr
or drawing positiou Consider such sacrifices at all times-once you Black to Move.
have recognized the t5pe of final position implicit in a given situation-
Remember! You can do it too, if the ideas of. Chechnate! have bv
come part of your chess thinking!
 A QuizReview ol Checkmatel ldeas 33r

litr idea imFlicit in the position.

E ing that idea and decide how
h best replies to them.
poblems set by a position, take
Eca it illustrates before continu-
irappear at another point in the

lfud in informal testing of a number

* this pattem of results:
ISFerS.
ct answe6. MARTINS
-
DUEBALL MAJBVSKA
-
KIRIJENKO
Soviet Union,1974
West Germany,1971
rt:rc corect answers.
White to Move and Force IVIate White to Move and Force Mate
ES g* at least 20 conect answers.
Itr correct answers.

llEDcsal evaluation of what you have

h Oere is an unavoidable gap be-
I efptying it under the pressures of
;Ed b a-'perfect scorrnot proof of
d fre e you take to review anc/
id h this book. It is suggested thav
Ee r month, each time reviewing the
f rtill find unclear. Always follow the
t rather than trying to solve from
il the positions involve a mate with
fuchate included in many of the
Ftr of a special chapter because the
Eql and such situations were ex- 2 4
rift these pieces. Of course, if the RHEINEIMER _ REIDEBACH JOHANSSON EKENBBRG
E, d Chapter 5 will show that the 'West
Germany,1976 -
Sweden,1974
in a chechnate.
-Hyepiece
sacrifices to force a final mating
Black Resigned in this Black to Move and Force Mate
^/osition. He Could Have Drawn!
ts mifics at all times-once you Black to Move.
tfritiotr implicit in a given situation
f fu ideas of. Checlcrnnte! have ba
4
 Checknutel A QuizRcr*

NOORDYK LAI{DAU TARTAKOWER _ SCIILECIITER ROTH RBJNA

- 7927
Antwerp' Ylenrw 1908 -
Hungary,1975
White to Move and Force llfiate. Black to Move and Fotte ll{ate TVhite to Move and Force Nl*
Trvo Mafmg Continuations Are
Posible.Ilnil Both o[ Ihem.

LEVCIIENKOV SEAMKOVICH SDIYSLOV- CASTRO BIELIKI PARMA

-
Soviet Union,1972 Switzerland, 1976 -
World lunior Championship, 1959
Black to MoYe and Force Mate T9hite to Move and Force Ilflate Black to Move and Force DI*
 A Quiz Raiew ol Checkmatel ldeas 333

7 9 1L
TARTAKOWER SCHLECHTER ROTH REJNA SCHULDER _ BODEN
-
Yienna,1908 -
Hungary,1975 London,1860
b Rhck to Move and Force ll,Iate White to Move and Force Mate Black to Move and Force Mate
I
i

I 10 t2
$\[YSLOV CASTRO BIELIKI PARMA KAIIN RATSCII
-
Switzerland,1976 -
World Junior Championship, 1959 -
East Germany,1970
Wlite to Move and Force IVIate Black to Move and Force Mate White to Move and Force Mate
 Checkmatel A QuizRet*

FOGELOWITSCH WERLINSKT LEIE FELLER LOCASTO _z,ACEfrWffi

- .i
-
IVloscow,7926 S?a|n,1969 Poland,1974
White to Move and Force Mate White to Move and Force nfiate TVhite to Move and Force llil@ I

TIANAT'ER TREYSMA}.I KLOKIN GEBREL LARSSON ERLATiIDSSOX

-
Philadelphia, 1936 -
Soviet anion, 1969 -
C orr e sp onde nc e, 7 96647

Amlysis aft€r Black White to Move aud Force Mate Btack to Move anil Force Mfc
has Resigned. T9hite to Move
andForce llIafe
 A Quiz Raiant ol Checkmatel ldeas

15 t7 19
LElry _ FELLER LOCASTO _T,ACFSjEWSKI BERNSTEIN _ SEIDMAN
Spain;,7969 Poland,1974 U nited States Championthip, 19 5940
: rffie to Move and Force IVIatc TVhite to Move and Force lllate Iilhite to Move and Force lUate

E-OKIN GEBREL LARSSON _ ERLA}.IDSSON MICIIIGA}iI _ CT'RRAN

-
Sortiet Union, 1969 C orr e sponde ru e, 1 9 6 647 Philodelphia,1876
;5e to Move and Force Mate Btack to Move anil Fotte Mate Btack to Move and Force IVIate.
Ihere Is a llilate in lhree
as WelI as a Mate in Four
in lhis Position
336 Checkmatel A Qutr Ra

MORPIIY CONWAY BELAVENETZ SMYSLOV WASJI'KOV GRIGOR^IA}I

-
New York,1859 -
Moscow,1936
- 1975
SovietUnion'

H/hite to Move and Force Mate Black to Move and Force Tflhite to Move and Force H
a l)raw by Perpetual Check

NICHEVSKI _ YOFFIE KAISZAURI SZNAPIK I'NZCKER SARAPU

Yugoslavia,1969 -
Poland,1970 -
D7A Obmpdad
White to Move and Force Mate White to Move and Force Mate I[hite to Move and Fute f,{+
 A QuizRaiew ol Checkmatelldeos 337

BELAVENETZ SMYSLOV TIIASJT'KOV GRICORJA}{ GEDT'LT _ PATRIKTINO

-
Moscow,1936
-
Soviet Union,1975 Puis,1975

Black to Move and Force TVhite to Move and Force lllate T9hite to Move and Forte Mate
e Ihaw by Perpetual Check

XAISZAURI SZNAPIK T'NUCKER SARAPU MORABA BIELSA

-
Poland,1970 -
D7A Obmpiad -
Spain,7976
:f,5e to Move and Force IVIate IVhite to Move and Force lUate Tl/hite to Move and Force
Ilfiate in llvo Moves
338 Checkmatel
A Qutz Rcri

BALACHOV SABKIIOV ESNAOLA GALONSKA 33

-
Correspondence, 1974 - Germany, 1974
Match, Spain-West MATULOVICH _ KRISTJA}.ISSON
Black to Move and Force Mate Iceland,1970
Black to Move and Force IVIate
TVhite to Move and Force rft.c

STEINKT'HLER, BLACKBURNE MEDINA SANZ 34

-
England,1863 -
Spain,1975 FLESCH VADAS
Black to Move and Force IVhite to Move and Force Matc
-
Eunguy,1977
Mate in lhree Moves (Give the Moves after Each White to Move and Forrce lft.G
of Blaclfs Possible Replies
to lVhite's First Move)
 A Quiz Raiew ol Checkmatel ldeas 339

31
ESNAOLA _ GALONSKA 33 35
.. lach, Spoin-West Germany,1974 MATI'LOVICH _ KRISTJAI{SSON TAL PORTISCH
rht Iceland,1970 -
Switzeiland,1976
r to MoYe and Force lVlate
TVhite to Move and Force lVlate White to Play ad Force lt{ate
(Give the Replies to
Each Possible Black Reply
along the Way)

32
MEDINA SANZ 34 36
-
Spain,1975 FLESCH _ VADASZ POIVIAR N. WEINSTEIN
-
Spain,1976
lffc b ilIove and Force ilfar, flunguy,197l
' (Give the Moves after Each White to Move and Force llfiate TYhite to Play and Force lllate
d BIacE s Possible Replies
' b White's First Move)
340 Checkmatel AgtZ,RG*,

colJcov MoISEIEV POTEMKIN ALEKHINE MARJASIN KAPENGUT

-
Soviet Union,1970 -
St. Petersburg, 1912 -
Soviet Union,196E
White to Move and Force Mate Black to Move and Force Mate Shite to Move and Forte rf,{G t

FINE DAKE SCIIWARZ SZELES POMAR CUADRAS

-
New York,1933 - 1956
Budapest, -
Spdn,1974
White to Move and Force Mate IVhite to Move and Force Mate Blae} to Move anil Force TI
the homotion of a Pawn
 A Quiz Raiew ol Checkmatel ldeus 341

POTEMKIN ALEKIIINE MARJASIN KAPENGUI CORDEN RT'NAU

-
St.Petersburg, 1912 -
Soviet Union,7968 -
Eastin$,1971
i Black to Move and Force Mate TVhite to Move and Force Mate TYhite to Move and Force IVIate

40
SCITWARZ SZELES POMAR CUADRAS SIGI'RJONSSON \MANTEADIS
- 1956
Budapest, -
Spain,1974 -
1972 Otympid

F White to Move and Force Mate Blac} to Move and Force IVhite to Move and Force Mate
the homotion of a Pawn
342 Checkmatel A QilZnai

TOLOSO MASCERO HERZOG RANAS MIRZAJEV SILJEIBY

-
Barcelonar lS96 -
Milan,1974 -
Soviet Union,1974
White to MoYe and Force Mate White to Move and Force Mate TYhite to Move and Force re
(Position reached after: 1. P-K4,
P-K4; 2. N-K83, P{3; 3. P-Q4,
P-KB4?; 4. B{B4, BP)G; 5.
NxP, P-Q4; 6. Q-R5ch, K-KZ; 7.
Q-B7ch, K-Q3; 8. QXPch, K-K2)

KOVACHEVICH POPOV ETIWE KERES

-
Athens,1971 -
Holland,1940
Black to Move and Draw Black to Move and Win
by Perpetual Cteck Yl'hite's Queen or Mate
(Give Both Continuations)
 A Quk Raiew ol Checkmatel ldeas 343

EERZOG RANAS MIRZAJEV STLJEJBV SUETIN _ POLEAR

-
Milan,1974 -
Soviet Union,1974 Soviet Union,1965
Wffie to Move and Force Mate TYhite to Move and Force IVIate TVhite to Move and tr'orce Mate

48
EIIWE KERES
-
Eolland,1940
Blact to Move anil Win
ffiite's Queen or Mate
(GiYe Both Continuations)
FIRST MOVE IN EACH OF THE QIJTZ POSITIONS

1. 1. Q-N5ch 24. l.Q x RPch ANS\ryERS T0 oUIZZfrl

2. 1.....Q-NTchor 25. l.QxRPch
1.....Q-BTchor 26.l.QxPch
1..... FRTch 27. 1. Q-N8ch
3. 1. Q-R7ch 2E. 1. P-86
4. 1.....QR-Nlch 29. 1.... . $Klch
5. 1. P-Q3(or Q4) or 30. 1..... Q-N8ch
1. P-N4ch 31. 1..... Q-N6ch
6. 1.....Q-K8ch 32. 1. N-B5ch
7. 1.....R-R7ch 33. 1. R-N8ch
E. 1.R-B2ch 34. 1. R-N7ch
9. N-K7ch
1. 35. 1. N-R6
10. 1..... Q x Pch 36. 1. R-B7ch CEAPIER 1
11. 1...,.QxPch 37.'l.R-R6ch 5. 1, P-N7 mato
12. 1. Q-R8ch 38. l.QxBch 6. 1, K-K6, P-Ng (:QB 2. F*
13. 1. q-N6ch 39. 1.....NxP(84)ch 7, 1. N-R6ch K-Rl;2 P-iUr
14, 1. R-N7ch 40. l.QxNch 8, 1, Q x Bch, P x Q; ?-P1f I
15. 1. R-Q8ch 41. l.Q x Pch t5.a.1.RxP,Bx&ZPxB-
16. 1. P-R3ch 42. 1..... P-Rs b. l. R x P, any move otE th
17. 1. N-NSch 43. 1. R-N3ch N8 mate if 1" . . .. N--i'I3
18. .. . .Q-R6
1. 44. 1. Q-R8ch 16. 1. K-B5, P-N5; 2. KiA It+
19. 1. Q x Pch 45. 1. N-N6ch 17, 1. B{85, any; 2.P-R7 d
20. 1. . ... R x Pch leads to mate 46.1.....RxPch 18. 1. B-N6ch, N X B;2.P x NI
in 3; 1. N-N6ch leads 47. 1. Q-B6ch 19. 1. Q-Bsch, B x Q; LP xBr
to mate in 4 48. 1.....B-NSch 20. 1".... R(K8FK6ch; L K4
2l.1.BxPch 49. 1. B-R6ch mate
22. 1. R-B8ch 50. 1. N-R6ch 21. l"RxBch,PxR;Zt{€,
23. 1.....RxBch 22. 1.R{5cLPxR;l{-{3{,1

CEAPIER 2
26. 1, R x Pch' R-Rz; 2. EJEi
27. 1, R-Nsch,N-N3;2R{
29. 1. R x Pcb B x B, LBLI
R(N7FN7 matel
344 3.r
ts.

E ourz PosITroNS
A 1.Q x RPch ANSWERS T0 oUIZZES
25. l.Q x RPch
25. l.QxPch
n. 1. Q-N8ch
n 1. P-B6
7Ir. l. .. . . Q-Klch
30. 1..... Q-N8ch
3L 1.....Q-N6ch
n- 1. N-B5ch
It 1. R-NSch
3a 1. R-N7ch
ai. l. N-R6
tC 1. R-B7ch CEAPTER 1
Ef. 1. R-R6ch 5. 1. P-N7 mato
3& l.QxBch 6, 1. K-K6, P-N8 (:Q); 2. P-87 mate
tt 1.....NxP(B4)ch 7, 1, N-R6ch, K-Rl; 2, P-N7 mate
0. l.QxNch E, 1. Q x Bch, P x Q; 2.P-K6 mate
lL l.QxPch 15. a. 1. R x P,B x R; 2,P x B mate
Q- l. ... . P-R5 D. 1. R x P, any move other than B x R; 2. R x P mate or R-
43. 1. R-N3ch N8 mate if 1" . . ,. N-N3
tl+ l.Fnsch 16. 1. K-85, P-N5; 2. Y\-84, P-N6; P x P mate
{A 1. N-N6ch 17. 1. B-Q85, any; 2.P-R7 mate
t5 1.....R x Pch IE. 1. B-Nfth, N X B; 2.P X N mate
lf. 1. Q-B6ch 19. 1. FBsch, B x Q; 2.P x B mate
a& 1.....B-N5ch 20. 1. . . . . R(K8FK6ch; 2, K-R4, R-Rlch; 3. K-N5, P-B3
tD. 1. B-R6ch mate
I. r. N-R6ch 21. 1. R x Bch, P x R; 2. N-Q3ch, P x N; 3. P-B4 mate
22. 1. R{sclo, P x R; N{3ch, P x N; 3. P-84 mate

CEAPIER 2
2G 1. R x Pch, R-M; 2. B-N2 mate
27. 1. R-Nsch, N-N3; 2. R-B8ch, B-B1; 3. P-K7 mate
29. 1. R x Psh, B x R;, 2.P-87 mate (On 1. ... . K-Nl; 2.
R(N7)-N7 mate)
345
346 Checkmate!

30. The solution best illushating mate by a Bishop is: 59" 1. R-Rlch, fR-5; 2. B (ELil
1.Frgch, B x Bch, Q x R; 3. B-B3ch, Q inter-
Q; 2. Rx ch aod ma.te!
poses at K5 or B3; I(B x Q mate. There is a shorter mate after 1. 60. 1. N-K2ch (by 6e BitqL t-{
Q-K8ch, B x Q; 2. B-B3ch, with mate by the Rook after 2. 61. 1. N-B6 doubh chcct, K-JIB
... . B-B3;3. R-K8 mate or 2..... Q-83; 3. R x B mate. N-N4 mate (ChocL all d th qr
In both cases, the Bishop on the long diagonal bearing down on This final position is worlt rd
a King without escape squares is critical.
33. 1. Q-R8ch, K-82; 2. R-R7ch, K-K3; 3. B-B5 mate
34. 1. Q x KPch, B-K2;2. Q x Pch, K-B1; 3. B-R6 mate CHAPIER 4
37. 1. Q x Q, P x Q;2. B-R5 mate 67. 1. B xPch, R x B; 2. R x BcLf
38. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; 2. K-Bl mate. White also mates if Black R x Rmate
plays 1.Q x Pch,B-R2;2.Q X Bmate. 68. 1. Q-K8ch, K x Q;2 RS
39. 1. N x Pch, K-R2; 2. B43ch, B-B4; 3. B X B mate 69. 1. R-R8ch, K-K2; 2- R{,f{,
40. 1. R(KsFKfth, N x R; 2. B-K5 mate possible is: 1. R-Kl, P l
41. 1. "-.. Q x Pch;Z.K x Q, B x Pch; 3. B-B3, B x B mate mate)
42. 1. R-N6ch (by the Queen on K5), R x Q; 2.8-BG mate. Btack 70. 1. R-Rlcb, K-N3; 2. R-I6r
is also mated after 1. R-N6ch, P-B3; 2. Q x P or B X P mate 7L 1. Q x Pch, N x Q; 2 a--(Pl
4. R x N mate (Black oould h
if he bad interposed his QoE -f
CIIAPTER 3 73" 1. .... Q x PgW2.K x (LId
48. 1. Q x Pch, Q x Q; 2. N-B7 mate 74. 1. N-R6ch, K-Rl; 2" N x faa
49. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; 2: N-R5 mate (for the Knight prevents the R x Pch, K-R11, when Ee Ll
Black King from escaping to KB3!) 75. 1, R-R4, ffiy move; 2 R4tr
51. 1. . . . . R-84 @lack now threatens mate by either 2. . .. . R- 7G 1, B-N7ch, K-N1;2. R x I,-I
N4 or 2. " . .. N-B5. White decides to take the Rook.); 2. P x n, 77. 1. R-K8ch, K-M; 2. N
N-85 mate 7E. 1. From the position of Eli4rr ?
52. 1. P x Pch, K-K2;2. Q-B6ch, B x Q; 3. N-B5 mate illustrates R{7;3.Qx&BxBcU{(F
mate by a Knight cannot prevent Black's next rE
54. 1.....Q x QPch;2.Kx Q,B-N2ch;3.P-K5(if 3.K-B4, the win of material to follor. H
B-K3 mate), B x Pch; 4. K-K{ N-B3 mate 79. 1. . -,, Q x Ncb; 2.P xqD-
55. 1. Q-R5!, N x Q;2. N-R7 mate K-Nl, R-K8ch; 5. Q4L l x
White tlreatened mate by 2. Q-B7. If 1. . . . . N-K1 (to protect Nl, R-K8ch; 4. K-B2"8-'II r
Black's QB2); 2. R-Q8ch, N x R; 3. N-R7 mate. Black's long- 80. 1. . .. . Q-R5;2. Qx Bi Q{l
.E
est defense follows 1. . . . . Q-Q2; 2. R x Q, N x Q; 3. R- R mate and Q x KNP DilB
B7ch, K--Ql; 4. N-Ks, P X N; 5. N x Pch, K-Kl; 6. N x R a. 3. R x Q, R-B8cb 4. Q{
and White is far ahead in material. mate
56. 1. N-N4ch, K-R8; 2. K-Bl, P-B6; 3. K-82, P-R7; 4. D. 3. R-KNI, Q x NFchq {Lx
K-81, P-87;5, N x P mate (as in Diagrams 2 and 3!) mate
57. 1.....Q x BPch;2.K-Rl, Q-N8ch;3.R x Q,N-BTmatp El. 1..... Q-B2.ch; ZK--IY3(ril
5E x x x Qch, K-Nl; mate (As the anatFb lec*|,
'
1. R-N8ch!, Q R; 2. Q-N7ch!, Q Q; 3. P
4. N-K7 mate mate bY interPosing 65 r;dhr rf I
 Answers to Quizzes 347

ftg mate by a Bishop is: 59" 1. R-Rlch, Q-R5; 2. R (either) x Qch, R-R2; 3, N-N6 dbl
,l x Bch, Q x R; 3. B-B3ch, Q inter- ch and mate!
I Q -rt". There is a shorter mate after 1. 60. 1. N-K2ch (by the Bishop), K-K3; 2. N-84 mate
f.D3ch, with mate by the Rook after 2. 6L 1.N-B6 double check, K-N2; 2. Q x P(R7)ch, K x N; 3,
L.re ot 2. .. . . Q-B3; 3. R X B mate. N-N4 mate (Check all of the squaxes adjacent to the Black King.
po the long diagonal bearing down on This fnal position is worth remembering!)
Fcs is critical.
L-R7ch, K-K3; 3. B-85 mate
L Q x Pcb, K-B1; 3. B-R6 mate CHAPTER 4
rLI mate 67. 1. B xPch,R X B;2. R x Reh,R-B1;3.R-R8ch,K x R;4.
:f-Bf mate. White also mates if Black R x Rmate
tZqXBmate. 68. 1. Q-K8ch, K x Q; 2. R-N8ch, R-Bl; 3. R x R mate
D-<r"UB-B4;3.BxBmate 69. 1. R-RBch, K-K2; 2. R-Klch, K{3; 3. R-K6 mate (Also
l'Z u-xs mate possible is: 1. R-Kl, P-B4ch; L P x P, K-N1; 3. R-K8
iqB x Pch; 3. B-B3, B x B mate mate)
i o Kt), R x Q; 2. B-86 mate. Black 70. 1. R-Rlch, K-N3; 2. R-R6 mate
tll6ch, P-83; 2. Q x P or B X P mate 71. 1. Q x Pch, N x Q; 2. R-Q8ch, N-Bl; 3. R-R8ch, K x R;
4. R x N mate (Black could have delayed the mate by one move
i
if he bad inaerposed his Queen at Kl on his second move.)
73. 1. . . -. Q x Pch;2.K x Q, R-Mch; 3. Q-nS, R X Q mate
h+? mate 74, 1. N-R6ch, K-Rl; 2. N x Rch, K-N1; 3. R x P mate (Not 1,
F-*5 mate (for the Knight prevents the R X Pch, K-R11, when mate in three moves is impossibla
Ioxnrrl 75. 1, R-R4, ffiI move; 2. R-R8 mate
by either 2. . .. . R- 76. 1. B-N7ch, K-Nl; 2. R X R mate
e the Rook.); 2. P x R, 77. 1. R-KSch, K-M; 2. N-NSch, P x N; 3. R-R3 mate
78. 1. From the position of Diagram 78: 1. . . . . R x N; 2. P x Q,
li,1i.b, B x Q; 3. N-85 mate illustrates R-Q7; 3. Q x R, B x Bch; 4. Q-N2, R-R6!; 5. Resigns. White
lD
cannot prevent Black's next movo, , . . . R x Pch with mate or
,* q, B-N2ch; 3. P-K5 (if 3. K-B4, the win of material to follow. Work it out!
L K-K4, N-B3 mate 79. 1. ., ", a x Ncb; 2.P x Q, B-R6ch; 3. K-B2, B-Rsch;4.
Lff mate K-Nl, R-K8ch; 5. Q-81, R x Q mate. If White plays 3. K-
fZ egz. If 1. . . . . N-Kl (to protect Nl, R-K8ch; 4. K-82, B-R5 mate-
h N x R; 3. N-R7 mate. Black's long- 80. 1. .... Q-R5,2.Q x B, Q-87! Blacksuddenlytbreatens Q X
;-.H2;2.E xQ,NxQ;3.R- R mate and Q x KNP mate. There are two variations:
,l x N; 5. N x Pch, K-Kl; 6. N x R a. 3. R x Q, R-B8ch; 4, Q-Kl, R X Qch; 5. R-Bl, R x R
i-eriat- mate
}GBl, P-B6; 3. K-B2, P-R7; 4. D. 3. R-KNI, Q x NPch!;4. R x Q, R-B8ch; 5. Q-Kl, R x Q
r* (as in Diagrams 2 and 3!) mate
l,Il, FN8ch; 3. R x Q, N-B7 mate t1. Q-B2ch; 2. K-N3 (or N4), Q-N3ch; 3. K-B4, R-R5
1. . . . .
x 3. P x Qch, K-Nl; mate (As the analysis indicated, White could havc delayed tho
3-+t7ch!, Q Q;
mate by interposing his Krdght at KN5.)
348 Checkmatel
U26. 1. R-B8ch, K-N4 2 B x
CEAPIER 5
Q x P mate, epauletes!);3.
88. 1. FK8ch, B.{1; 2.Q-K6 mate x27. 1..... R x Pch; 2 N x Ir(
E9. 1" R{8ch, R x R; 2.K-R.2 dis ch, R--Q5; 3, Q x Rch, $
N2;4.QxQmate
90. 1. ffZcb, K-Nl; 2. Q-117 mate CIIAPTER 7
91. 1. Q-R6ch, K-Nl orB2;2. Q-N7 mate
134. 1. B-R6ch, K-Rl a'nAZ
92. 1. R-Q8clq R x R; 2. Q x R mate- 135. 1. R x Pch, K-Rl; Z RJ{
9+ l.N x Ncb Q x N (or..,,P X N or. -,. K-Rl); Q x P
136. l.QxNch,Nxq2.Bxl
mate
137. l. R-Blch, K-l{l; LH
97. 1. B-B7ch, K-81; 2. Q-R6 mate 138. 1.Q-N8ch,Nxq2.E-{
98. 1. B--Q6ch, R-K2 (or any other piece to K2); 2. fR8 mate
139. 1. B x Pch, K-R1; 2B xI
99. 1, Q-R5, AI{Y MOVE; 2, Q-N7 mato 140. 1. B-R6ch, K+If Gf L - -
101. 1. ., . " N x Pch; 2.K-K2, Q{6 mate N5ch!,Qxq3.R-I(l{,
102. 1.. .. . R x B;2.R x P, R x N dis ch; 3. R x B, Q-B3chi 4. K8ch and 3. Q-Nsct)
R-83, Q x Rch; 5, K-Nl, Q-N7 mate (In the actual game, 142. l.QxPch,KxqzlJ
White played 4. K-Nl and was mated by 4. a . . o Q-N7) Also M; 4. B-B8 Eare OB. 3- - .
possible was 4, Q{5, which delays the mate one move 4. . . . .
143. 1, R-B7cb" K--K4; LH
Q x Qch; 5, R-B3, etc. 144. 1. R-Nlch, K-Rl; 2 D-I
103. 1. R-88, R x R; 2,R x R, B x R; 3. Q x Q mate l45. l.QxPcb,PxQLlA
If 1. R-88, B x R; 2. Q x Qmate 146. 1-RxPch,K-Rl;2lx
If 1.R-B8, R x R; 2"R x & Q x R; 3. Q-K7 mate saves Black), K4{l;3. Rl
If 1" R-88, K{2;2. Q x BPcb" Q-K2; 3. Q x Q mate' N3, N2, Nl) dis cb, B-+:
104. 1...,. B-R7chiz.K x B, Q x Pch;3. K-Nl, FR8 mate 147. 1,.. ..R x Pcb,2. Q x Al
105. 1. B-Q6ch, R X B; 2. R-R8ch, K x R; 3- R-Rlch, K-Nl;
4. R-R8ch, K x R; 5. Q-Rlch, K-Nl; 6. rR7 mate
106. 1. R x Rch, Q x & 2. Q-N2clL Q-N2; 3, Q x Q mato CIIAPTER 8
152. l. R--Q7, any EG 2 I' x
154. l.QxPcb,Rxq2.B'xl
CIIAPIER. 6 156. 1. ....N x Pch; 2K4,L
112. 1. R x Bch, R x R; 2. Q-N6 mate (If 1. . ., . K-N2; 2. 160.12.QxPch,Kxqf3-L
161. l.QxPcb,KxQL?x
R(B1FB7 mate)
mate
113. 1. Q-B6ch, K-K2; 2. Q-K6 mate x q LI-
162. 1. Q-B8ch, K
115. 1. B-NSch, P-B3; 2, Q x P mate
116. 1. R-B8ch, Q x R; 2. R x Qch, R x R; 3, Q x P mate Q-N7 mate)
163. 1.."..R x Pch;2K x Bl
122, 1" Q x Pch" K x Q; 2" R-R7cb, K-Bl; 3. R-B7 mate
123. 1- R-B3ch, B-B2 (If 1. , .. . B-B4; 2. Q-86 mate); 2" R x
l@. 1...,.RxNch;2Bxld
165. 1.Q-BSch,PXqZf-(
Bch, K x R; 3, Q-B6 mate
166,. 1. . .,. N-N6ch; Z R x{.
12+ 1. Q x Bch, K x Q; 2, R-N7ch, K-Kl; 3, N-86 mate
167. l.RxBcb,PxB2.B<
125. 1. N-B7ch,K-82;2. Q{6 mate
 Quizzes 349
An*vers to
X26. 1.R-B8ch, K-N2;2. R x Nch,K-B3 (rtz...i rP x R;3'
Q x P mate, epaulettes!); 3. R-B6ch, B{3; 4. R x B mate.
!i27. 1,.,..R x Pch;2.N x R,Q x Nch;3.K x Q,R-B4mate

CIIAPTER 7
134. 1. B-R6ch, K-Rl or R2; 2. B-88 mate
135. 1. R x Pch, K-Rl; 2. R-N8ch, K x R; 3. R-Nl mate
136. 1. Q x Nch, N x Q; 2. B x Nch, K-Nl; 3. R-N1 mate
137. 1. R-Blch, K-Nl; 2. B-84 mate
rc 138. 1. fN8ch, N x Q; 2. R-Q8 mate
pbce to K2);2. Q-R8 mate
139. 1. B x Pch, K-Rl; 2. R x Pch, K x R; 3. R-Rl mate
mato 140. 1. B-R6ch, K-Nl (if 1. . . . ' K-B3; 2. Q-N5 mate); 2. Q-
Eate N5ch!, Q x Q; 3. R-K8ch, B-B1; 4. R x B mate (or 2. R-
N dis ch; 3, R x B, Q-B3ch; 4. KSch and 3. Q-Nsch)
a-N, mate (In the actual game, 142. 1. Q x Pch, K x Q; 2. R-R4ch, K-N2; 3. B-R6ch, K-R1 or
Dared by 4.. o. ? Q-N7) Also M; 4. B-88 mate OR 3, . . o , K-B3; 4. R-B4 mate
6e mate ong move 4. . . . . 143. 1. R-B7ch, K-K4; 2. B-83 mate
144. 1. R-Nlch, K-Rl; 2. B-N7ch, K-Nl; 3. B x P mate
IB3.QxQmate 145. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; 2. R-R7 mate
1|6. 1- R x Pch, K-R1; 2. R x BPcb, ff 2. R-Nl dis ch, P-B3'
iQ - Pq 3. fK7 mate
saves Black), K-Nl; 3. R-N7ch, K-R1; 4. R-N6 (or N5, N4,
FK2;3.QxQmate, N3, N2, Nl) dis ch, R-B3; 5. B x R mate
x hb 3. K-Nl, Q-R8 mate 147. 1,.. .,R x Pch;2.Q x R, Q x Qch; 3. K x Q, R-R1 mate
K x R; 3- R-Rlch, K-Nl;
K-Nl; 6. Q-R7 mate
FN2;3,QxQmato CIIAPTER 8

h.
!52. l. R-Q7, any move; 2. R x P (or R-R7) mate
5.

I 154. 1. Q x Pch, R x Q; 2. R x Rmate

156. 1..... N x Pch;2. K-R1, R-R6ch;3. P x R, R-R7 mate
,r.

l
l:
(If 160. 12. Q X Pch, K x Q; 13. R-R5 mate
.mf orr0q 1. , . r . K-N2; 2.
t. 161. 1. Q x Pch, K x Q; 2.P x B dis ch, K-N1 (or N3); 3. N-K7
F.
mate
Yae !62. K X Q; Z. R-Q8 mate (and if 1' . . . . K-R21 2-
l* 1. Q-B8ch,
Q-N7 mate)
!*r,RxR;3.QxPmate 163. 1. " ".. R x Pch;2. K x R, R-87 mate
E, r--91; 3. R-B7 mate 164. 1.. . .. R x Nch; 2B x Rch, R X B mate
i! - B-84; 2. Q-B6 mate); 2. Rx
165. 1. Q-BSch, P X Q; 2. R-Q7 mate
166. 1.....N-N6ch;2.R X N,Rx Nch;3.K x R,R-K8mate
ts, K-Kl; 3. N-B6 mate
167. 1. R x Bch, P x R; 2. R-Q3ch, K-Kl; 3. N X P mate
h-e
h
350 Checkmatel
199. l.fK8ch,KxQ2.lH
CHAPIER, 9
200. l.QxBch,NxqZDHt
172. 1. Either N to Q7ch, Q x N; 2.N x Q mate 201. 1. K-B7!, K-Rl; 2. l{trtF
173. 1.,.., N-N4; 2. nymove, N x P mate R5; 4. N-N6 matc. Ab 2!.
tl4. 1,....Q x Bch1Z.K x Q,B-R6ch;3.K-Nl,N-B6mate Rl; 4. N-N6 mare-
IIls. 1,.,."R(N2FN8ch;2.Q x &R-B8ch;3.Q x R,Q x Rch; 203. (From the diagram) l- Q x I
4. K x Q, B-R6cb 5.K-Nl, N-86 mate N-B6ch, K-Rl; 4- N x l1
176. 1. K{7, P-R6 (or the advance of the KBP with n 5imilar re- position by frst sacrifcnng r I
sult); 2. K-K7 or K8, P-R7; 3. K x P, P-R8 (:Q); 4. B-N7 with his Bishop, fs h d
mate it with the Queen iff- llf
177. 1, B-R3, P-K6; 2. B-B8, P-K7; 3' B-R6, P-K8 (-Q); than resiening or giviry up. (
B-N5 mate
4.
178, 1- Q x Pch, N x Q; 2. N-N6cb, K-Nl; 3' B-R2 mate
180. 1. Q-R8ch, K x Q; 2. N x NPch (if 2. N x BPch the Knight
would be pinned, for the Black Rook preve'lrts 3' N-R6 mato CEAPTER 11
because White's King would then be subject to capture), K-Nl; 20E. l.QxPch,KxQLE xI,
3. N-K7 mate or B-N7 mate) r

181. 1. N-N5 dbl ch, K-Rl; 2. N-B7 mafe 2Og.Z.BxPmate I

182, 1. Q x Bch, N x Q; 2.B-lB6,mate' If 1-. '. ' P-83; 2. Q or 210. l.QxNcLKxqLl_,

B x Pmate X R mate. Black d h
1E3. 4, N-B7 dbl ch, K-Nl; 5, N-R6 mate he played 1. - . . . K-4{t; 2l
184. 1..... a x N (threatening 2. ... . Q X P mate);2.P x Q, 4.BxRch,KxBqf4
B x Pch; 3. K-N1, N-R6 mate heplayed1.....KxGl
185. 1. Q-R6 (with the threat of.L Q x I.IP mate), P x Q; 2" N x P since he is so clearty ld qr
mate 2l1.. 1..... B-Rscb LK1
4. K-Rl, B-K4 malg
CTIAPIER 10 213. l...,,QxPclU2.KxQ'
214. 1. B x Pch, K-Rl; 2 BJlt
190. 1. N-KN4, ny Knight move! 2. N-86 mate
(fhus, if 1, . ", " N-B3ch; 2.N x N mate)
B X Pch, P-K4; 5. B x ltl,
215. 1. N-R6ch!, K-Rl; 2 NE{
191. 1. . , , . N-Q6; 2. ny move, N(Q6FB7 matp
193. 1. . . . " FNTch; 2 N X Q, N-R6 maG
i. ,. P x N; 2.8 x P ff
216, 1. .... Q x Pch 2 P x q,l
194. 1. . . . . N-N6ch (forcing Tchigorin's pmition as in Diagram 193);
2, K-Nl, Q-N7ch; 3. R X Q, N-R6 mate
2fl. (from the diagram) l. . . - . Q
195. 1, N-Qsch, K-K4; 2. N-B3clq K x P; 3. N-83 mate 83,NxNch;4.NxNE
P x Q (to prevent A-l
196. 2. . .. . N-B8 mate
7rg7. 1. R x Nch, P x R (if Black plays R-86 or B-86 at once, then
218. 1. . . ., N x Pch! (dc--
2. N-82 mate); 2. R x Pch, R-B6 or B-86; 3' N-BZ mate
R x Pch (opening tbe Sat-
219. (from the diagram) l. . - - . (
19E. 1.... " Q x Pch;2.K x Q Gf z.K-Bl, mate follows by a
Black check at N7 or R8), N-NSch; 3. K-Nl, N-R6cb, 4.
K-83, P-KSch; 4. K x Ll,
6. K-B.z, N(3FN5ch; 7. f
K-81, N-R7 mate
220. 1. B-N2ch, K-R2;2 Fll
 Quizzes
Answers to 351

199. 1. fK8ch, K x Q; 2. N-B6ch, K{1; 3. N-87 mate

200. 1. Q x Bch, N x Q; 2. N-N3ch, K-R5; 3. N-B3 mate
2N x Qmate 201. 1. K-B7!, K-R1; 2. N(R5)-86, P-R4; 3. N-88 or Q5, P-
Nx Pmate
R5; 4. N-N6 mate. Also 2. N-Q5, K-M; 3. N-B6ch, K-
B--*,6cb 3. K-Nl, N-86 mate R1; 4. N-N6 mate.
x B, R-B8ch; 3. Q x R, Q x Rch; 203. (From the diagram) 1. Q x Pch, R x Q; 2. R x Rch, N x R; 3.
Iit-86 mate
N-B6ch, K-Rl;4. N x P mate. White had achieved this mating
of the KBP with a similar re- position by frst sacrificing a Rook at his Q7. Black took the Rook
3. Kx P, P-R8 (:Q); 4" B-N7 with his Bishop, for he would have lost his Queen had he taken
it with the Queen instead. Players often permit quick mates rather
-K7; 3. B-R6, P-K8 (:Q); than resigning or gving up a Queen

K-Nl; 3, B-R2 mate

X NPch Gf 2. N x BPch the Knight
Rook preve,lrts 3, N-R6 mato CEAPTER 11
a'-r be srbject to capture), K-Nl; 208. 1.Q x Pch,K x Q;2.8x Pmate(If 1"....K-Rl;2. Q-N7
orB-N7 mate)
N+7 mare 209. 2.8 x P mate
[late. If 1, ., ., P-B3; 2. Q or 210. 1. Q x Nch, K x Q; 2. B-Ks mate (If 1. K-B1; 2. Q
X R mate. Black could have delayed the mate for a while had
N-R6 mate he played 1..,.. K-N1; 2.B.-K5, B X Pch; 3. K x B, R-R2;
L.... Q X P mate);z.P x Q, 4. B x Rch, K x B or K-Bl; 5. Q-N7 mate. But in the game
Dte he played 1. . . . . K x Q, preferring to end the game at once
?. Q x NP mate), P X Qi2" N x P since he is so clearly lost anynray.)
2l7^. 1. . . . . B-Rsch; 2. K-Bl, B-BSch; 3. K-Nl, B-B7ch;
4. K-Rl , B-K4 mate
213. 1... ,, Q x Peh;2. K x Q, B-N2ch; 3. K-Nl, B X P mate
2. N-86 mate 2L4. 1. B x Pch, K-Rl; 2. B-N2ch, P-B6; 3. B x Pch, P-Q5; 4.
B X Pch, P-K4; 5. B x Pch, P-B3; 6. B X P mate
N x N mate)
21.5. 1. N-R6ch!, K-Rl; 2. N(Ns) x P mate with two Knights! 1.
N(Q6)-87 mzte
IiI-R6 mafe P x N; 2. B x P mate with two Bishops!
ls position as in Diagram 193);
216. 1..... Q x Pch;2. P x Q, B-B3ch;3. K-R2, B-N6 mate
q N-R6 mate 2L7. (frornthediagram) 1.....Q x P;2.8 x Pch,K-Bl;3.N(1)-
B3, N x Nch; 4. N x N (if K-N2, Q-R7 mate), B x N; 5.
K x B 3, N-83 mate
P x Q (to prevent . . . . q-R7 mate), B-R7 mate
8-86 at once, then 218. 1. . . ., N x Pch! (clearing a path for the Bishop); 2. B x N'
llays R-B6 or
B-86 8-86; 3, N-BZ nate
or
R x Pch (opening the short diagonal); 3. P x R, B-R6 mate
219. (from the diagram) 1.. .. .a x Pch; 2.K x Q, N-NSch; 3.
Q tr 2- K-81, mate follows bY a
N--I.Iscb 3. K-Nl, N-R6ch; 4. K-B3, P-KSch; 4. K x P, N(2)-B3ch; 5. K-B3, N-K4ch;
6. K-82, N(3FN5ch; 7. K-Nl, B-K6 mate!
220. 1. B-N2ch, K-R2; 2. B-N8 mate
352 Checkmatel

CEAPIER T.'Z 247. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; 2 B.{tr

22,. 1, Q x Nch, R x Q; 2. R X Reb, R-Bl; 3. R(Bl or Q8) x R mate)
mate 248. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; Z B.l5l
X22. 1. Q x Bch, R x Q; 2. R-K8ch, R-Q1; 3' R(K8 or Q1) x R 249. 1...,. Q x Nch 2.P x qI-
mate 25]. 1..... R x Pch;2.8 x ["LX
224. 1. Qx Pch, K xQ; 2. R-Rl mate 252, 1. . . . . R-R3ch;2. K4fi,I
225. 1. . . . . K-N5 dis ch 2. K-Nl, K-R4 dis ch; 3' K-Rl or P X Q, B-R6 mate
K-N3 dis ch and mate
R2,
226. 1. R(1) x P, any move; 2. R-R8 or R-N8 mate
227. l. . ., . R x Pch; 2. K-R1, R X Pch; 3. K-Nl, R(N7FN7
mate CHAPTER 14
228. 1. Q-R7ch, K x Q; 2. R x Pch, K-Rl; 3' R-R7ch, K-Nl; 256. l.,...NxNchLu.YG
4. R(N7FN7 mato 257. 1. Q-R8ch, B x q 2. B. x lt
229. 1, Q x Pch, R x Q; 2, R-N7ch, K-Rl; 3. R x R mate 259. l. . . , . P-B6; 2. P-+I3, Q'{
2go. 1.. . , . N-N6cb 2.P x N (if 2, K-Nl, R-B8 mate), R-B8ch; 260. 1. . .. . R-KR2; 2. Q{L}
3, K-R2, R-M mate move, R(N
232. 1. N-B6ch, P x N; 2. Q x Pch, K x Q; 3' R-Rlcb, K-N3 261. l.QxN!,
(if 3. . . r - K-Nl; 4. R(KRlFNl mate); 4 R(KR1FN1ob' Q-N6ch; 5. K x Q, uy q
K-B4; R-R5 mate
5" 262. 1. B x RPch!, N x B ZL xi
233. 1. .... x Pcb 2. K-Kl, R(B7HN7I;3. any move,
R(B4) R- 4. Q-R8 mate or R--*,t C
R8 or R-NB mate (depending m White's third move) 263. 1. Q-R8cb, B x Q,L B. x lr
234. 1, Q x Pch, P x Q; 2. R-N7 mafe 264. 1. Q-R6, with H{7 E& b
235. I, Q x Rch, K x Q; ZR{8 mate 265. 1.Q x P!,P x Q;2.B-4,f4
296. 1,... . Q x Pchi 2 R x Q (if 2. K-Rl, Q X R mate), R- 266. 1. . . . . Q x Pch!; 2. RP x Qfl
R8ch; 3. R-Bl, R(R8 or B2) X R mate 3. any move, R-R8 D'E
237. 1....,Q X Pch;2.R X Q,R-N8ch;3,R-BlrR X Rch;4. 267. 1..... Q-K8ch; LKlr.
R-Nl, R(N3 or 88) X R mate ch;4. K-R2, QJ{t @
238. 1,Q-N6chl,Q X QGf ...,R-B2;2,Q X Qwins.Butlefs 268. 1.....N x Nch; 2N x HE;
follow the continuation after Black accepts tho Queen sacrifice); 3. P x Q (otherwise H-
2. R(Kl) x Ncb K{1; 3. R(N7H7 mzte R-R8 mate
269. 1. N-K7ch!, Q x N; 2. Q x tr
(3. . . . . P x R is impo.s*rh
CEAPIER 13
ZiD. 1. Q x Bch, P x Q; 2, B-R6 mate 270. 1. . . . . Q x RPch!; 2K x q
24L 1" .. , , Q-B6ch; 2.P x Q, B-R6 mate mate
A2. 1.Q x NchlrR x QGf 1.....K-{';2-Bx Pmateanryay)i
2.8 x P mate
243. 1, Q x Pch, P x Q; 2' B-R6 male
244. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; 2. B-R6 mate CHAPTER 15
245. 1. Q x Pch, P xQ; 2. B-R6 mate 272. 2. R x Nch, K x It; 3. Q{trr
246. 1. R-B6ch, P x R; 2, Q x Pch, Nx Q; 3, B-R6 mate (If 1. 274. 1. . . . . B-N5ch; (t)LQ x t
....N x R; 2" Q x Nch, P x Q; 3'B-R6mate) Q8 mate (c) 2. B--Qa B x Dr
 Answers to Quizzes 353

247. 1. Q x Pch,P x Q;2.B-N6mate(if 1.'io?Q-K2;2. Q x Q

x Rdr R-B1; 3. R(81 or Q8) x R mate)
248. 1. Q x Pch, P x Q; 2. B-R5 mate
n{1; 3, R(K8 or Q1) x R 249. 1. . . .. Q x Nch; 2. P x Q, B-R6 mate
25!. 1.... -R x Pch;2. B x R,R x Bch;3.P x R,B-R6mate
252. 1. . . . . R-R3ch; 2. K-Nl, B-K6ch; 3. K-Bl, Q x Pch; 4.
1, K-R4 dis ch; 3. K-Rl c P x Q, B-R6 mate

or R-N8 mate
X, x Pch; 3. K-Nl, R(NA-N7
CEAPTER, 14
x kh, K-Rl; 3, R-R7ch, K-Nl; 256. 1. . . . . Nx Nch; 2. my move, Q x P mate
257. 1. Q-R8ch, B x Q; 2. R x B mate
K-Rl;3,RxRmate 259. 1" .. - . P-B6; 2. P-N3, Q:R6; 3. any move, Q-N7 mate
2. K-Nl, R-88 mate), R-B8clU 26U 1. . . . . R-KR2; 2. H1, R-QNI; 3. Q x P, P x Q; 4. ny
move, R(NlFKRl; 5, any move, R-R8 mate
x Fct, K x Q; 3. R-Rlch, K-N3 261. 1.Q x N!,B x Q;2.R x P!P x R;3.Rx P,B-R3;4.R x B,
maie); 4, R(KRlFNlcb, , Q-N6ch; 5. K x Q, any move; 6. R-R8 mate
262. 1.B x RPch!,N x B;2.R x N,K x R;3.R-R4ch,K-Nl;
B(B7HN7li 3. any move, R- 4. Q-R8 mate or R-R8 mate
o White's third move) 263. 1. Q-R.Sch, B x Q; 2. R x B mate
@ 264. 1. Q-R6, with Q-N7 mate to follow
E& 265. 1.Q x P!,P x Q;2.R-R8ch,B x R;3.R x Bmate
aGZK-Rl,QxRmate),R- 266. 1.....Q x Pch!;2.RP x Q(if 2.K-R1,8-86mate),B-B6;
x X, matG 3. any move, R-R8 mate
O, R--+I8cJU 3, R-81, R X Rch; 4. 267. 1. . . . . fK8ch; 2. K-R2, B-N8ch; 3. K-Rl, B-B7 dis
ch; 4. K-R2, Q-N8 mate
. . 844 2. Q x Q wins. But let's 268. 1.....N x Nch;2.N x N(if 2. P X N, Q-N3 mate), q x N!;
kt accepts the Queen sacrifice); 3" P x Q (otherwise Blaek mates at KN7), B x P; 4. any move,
ma@ R-R8 mate
269. 1. N-K7ch!, Q x N; 2. Q x RPch, K x Q; 3. R-RSch, K-Nl
(3. . . . . P x R is impossible because the White Bishop at Q3 pins
the Pawn);4. R-R8 mate
EE 270. 1..... Q x RPch!;LKx Q,P x P dbl ch;3. K-Nl, R-R8
D-*5 mate mate
-,. K{4 2.8 x P mate anywaY);
@
fra CHAPTER 15
Dne 272. 2. R x Nch, K x R; 3. Q-R5 mate
x Rh, N x q 3. B-R6 mate (If 1. 274. 1. . . . . B-N5ch; (a) 2. Q x B, R-Q8 mate (b) 2. Q-83, R-
I x q 3. B-R6 mate) Q8 mate (c) 2. B-Q2, B x B mate
354 Checkmatel
305. 1. Q x Peh!,P x Q2.ril{IIl
275. 1. R x Pch, K x R; 2. Q-R5 matc 306. 1. N-K5 dbl ch K*2 a Et I
276. 2- N-N6ch" P x N; 3. Q-R3 mate Q-B7 mate); 2. Q-B7ch, X+
277. 1. . ... N-N6cb 2.P x N, Q-R3,mate K-B4; 3. P-N4 mare)
278. 1.....N-K7ch;2.K-Rl,Q x Pchl;3. K x Q.B x Pmate 307. l. H8ch, K x Q; Z I{SI
280. While to Play: 1. B-N6 dis ch, K-Nl or N2; 2. q-R7ch, K- 308. 1. . . . . N-Q6 dis ch; 2 K4[,
81;3,Q x Pmate BTch; 3. K-Nl, N-R6 d + {
Black to Play:2. . . .. R x Pchl; 3. Q x R, Q x Qch; 4. K-Nl, N-87 mate
Q x Pmate 309. 1. R-K8ch, R x &, 2. IiL-l3
282. 1. Q x Pch, K x Q; 2. R-Rlch, B-R6; 3. R x B mate 4:
would permit an immediaE
283. 1. B-B4ch, K-Rl (on K-Bl White plays fB7 mate); 2. Q x mate
Pch!, K x Q; 3. R-R3 mato 310. 1. Q-Q8ch, K x Q; 2. B45I
284. 5. RP(or BP) x P, P x P; 6. P X P mate
285. l. . .. . B-N8 dis ch; 2, K-N3, Q-B7ch; 3. K-R3, Q-R7
mate
286. 1.,-..Q x Pchl;2.Q x Q,N-N6ch;3.P X N,R-Rl mate CTIAPTER 17
287. 5. R-Rscbo K-N2 (ot N1); 6. R-NSch, K-R2; 7, B-85 mate 313. a. 2. -. -. P x P dhcb 3-EJl
2E8. 5, fBTch and (a) 5. r o.r o K-R3; 6. Q x RP mate or (b) 5. b. 2. -. . . Q-R8 mate
.. . . K-N5; 6. P-B3 mate. Also pssible is 5. Q-R6ch. On 5. 314. 2. R-N3ch, K-R3; 3. B'{l{
. .. , K x Q; 6, R x P mate. On 5. ..,. K-N5; 6, P-B3 or 5. R-R3 or B-KN5 @
R-N7 mate, 315. a- 3. . " . , N(N6 or Qi)--ffit I
D. With the threat of marc i & q
dbl ch is matel)
c. 5. .. . . N-B6ch; 6. K4L Q
316. a. 2. VB8ch, R x Q 3.B'x I',
CSAPIER 16 D. 3. P--Q8(-Q), with e rirtf
294. a 2. HZ mate 317. a. 1.Q x NclL Q x q Lr-'
b. 2.847ch, K-Bl or Ql; B x N mate (on 2. . . .. K-Ql; pinned)
3.PxNisalsomab) D. 1.Q K-Nl;2 Q'{,
x Nch,
295. 2. B-N5 dbl ch, K-Kl; R-{8 mate
3. K--G,!I;
31E. a. .. . . B-B4ch; 4
3.
296. 2. . ,. . B-{6 dbl cb 3. K-Kl, R-88 mate c
D. 3. Q-N2 preven8 ttc
297. 1. H8ch, K x Q; 2. B-R5 dbl ch, K-K1 or 81; ,. *{t R{! r
31.9. a. 2. N x Pch, P x N; 3-
mate b.2.QxRPch,Kxq3-IJl
298. 2, N-86 mate 320. On 3. R x N a. B.-{!4(
2y). 1. N-B6 mate R x Rmate
302. 1' fNSch, R x Q; 2" N-87 mato 322. 6. B-K2cb K-N7;7. R4*!
303. 1. N-R6clq K-Rl; 2, FK7 (threatening Q x R mate), R-Nl dis ch and mate
(2. . .. . FNs would have prevented the mate but would have 323. 1. Q x Pch, B x Q; 2 B. x r{,1
meant the loss of Black's Qreen); 3, N x P mate (or 2.. e . . 324. a. 2,8 x Pch, K44l. N{l
N-83; 3" Q x Rch, N-Nl; 4. Q x N or N x P mate) b. 2. ., . . N-KB3
304. 1" R x Pch, Q x R; 2. N-B7 mate
 Answers to Quizzes 355

305. 1. Q x Peh!, P x Q; 2. N-Ns dbl ch, K-Rl; 3. R-R7 mate

306. 1. N-K5 dbl ch, K-l<z or K3 (on 1. o ? . . K-Nl or N2; 2.
Q-87 mate); 2. Q-B7ch, K{3; 3. N-B4 matp (or 2. . . . .
K-84; 3. P-N4 mate)
XDcht;3.KxQ.BxPmate 307. 1. H8ch, K x Q; 2. N-86 dbl ch, K-Kl; 3. R-Q8 mate
K-I{f or N2; 2. fnZch, K- 308. 1. . . . . N-Q6 dis ch; 2. K-Rl (2. K-Bl, Q-87 mate), N-
BTch; 3. K-Nl, N-R6 dbl ch; 4. K-Rl, Q-NSch; 5. R x Q,
3.QxR,QxQch;4.K-Nl, N-B7 mate
1. R-K8ch, R x R; 2. N-R6 dbl ch, K-Rl (again K-81
B-R.C3.RxBmate would permit an immediate mate); 3. FN8ch, R x Q; 4. N-87
ffie plafry fB7 mate); 2. Q x mate
310. 1. Q-QSch, K x Q; 2. B-R5 dbl ch, K-Kl; 3. R{8 mate
P mrts
Q-87ch; 3, K-R3, Q-R7

3. P x N, R-Rl mate CIIAPTER 17

Eilsch, K-R2; 7. B-85 mate 313. a, 2. .. , . P x P dis ch; 3. K-Nl, R-R8 mate
6. Q x RP mate or (b) 5. b. 2. -. . . Q-R8 mate
b lmsible is 5. Q-R6ch. On 5. 314. 2. R-N3ch, K-R3; 3. B-Blch, K-R4; 4. B-KZch, Kx P;
OE 5. . . , . K-N5; 6. P-B3 or 5. R-R3 or B-KN5 mate
315. a3. .,..N(N6 or Q5FKTch; 4.Q x N, N x Q mate
6. With the threat of mate at the square KR7 (If 4. P x Q, N-K7
dbl ch is matel)
c. 5. . " . . N-B6ch; 6. K-Rl, q-R7 mate
316. a. 2. Q-38ch, R x Q; 3. R x R mate
D. 3. P-Q8(:Q), with a winning advantage
317. a. 1. Q x Nch, Q x Q; 2. R{8 mate (the Black Queen is
I x N mate (on 2. . . . . K-Ql; pinned)
D. 1. Q x Nch, K-Nl;
Q-K8 or Q-B8 mate
2.
oafe 31E. a. 3. .. . . B-B4ch;4. K--Q3, N x N mate
B-88 mate D. 3. Q-N2 prevents the mate
d ct, K-K1 or 81; 3" R{8 319. a. 2. N x Pch, P x N; 3, R-R3 mate
b. 2. Q x RPch, K X Q; 3. R-R3 mate
On 3. R x N; 4. R--Q8ch, Q-Kl; 5. R x Qch, R-Bl; 6.
x
R Rmate
6. B-K2cb K-N7;7. R-Mch, K-N8; 8. K-Q2(or O4{)
(&tamingQxRmate),R-Nl dis ch and mate
the mate but would have 323. 1- Q x Pch, B x Q; 2. R x Bch, K-N2; 3. N-B5 mate
3.NxPmate(ot2..e.. 324. a. 2.8 x Pch, K-K2; 3. N--Q5 mate
QxNmNxPmate) b. 2. ., . . N-KB3
356 Checkmatel

325. 2. Qx RPch, P x Q; 3"R x Rmate b. 3. ....R-Nlch;4. B-+I

326. 3" R-N8ch!, K x R; 4. P-R7c\ K-B1; 5, P-R8(:Q or R) c. 5. ....R-Nlch; 5. B-S,l
mate 343. a. 2. ....4 x P mate
327. a. 3. R-Bl, B x Pch; 4. Q-Q3 (for if 4, K-Rl, R X R mate), b. 3. .... fN6r,h; 4. K-IL
BxQch;5.K-Rl,RxRmate mates on R7)
b. 3. Q{3, B x Qch; 4. K--Ql or Q2, B x P dis ch; 5. K c.4.....axBmate
moves, B x B (or: 3. . . r. P x Q dbl ch; 4.K44 R X R;
,d.to. FB6;ll-..--F
5. K x R, P{7ch; 6. K-Q1, B-B6ch; 7. K-82, P- ....QK8)--47uBt -,
Q8(-Q) r.ata 343. a.2. ....4 x Pmatc
328. a. R x Pmate b. 3..... a
-N6cb;
d E+l
b. 3.8 x Pch, K-Nl or Rl; 4. R-88 mate mate on R7)
c.4.....axBEaEafO,
12.... . P-K8 (-Q); l!. --.
344, a. 3.K x R, Q-R5 ntr dt'
b.7. .. . , P-KR4 fa YEo
CIIAPIER lE Pawn
330. l. .., . N x BP dbl ch; 2. K-Nl, N-R6 mate-or 1, , " , . c. 3. R-N2, FR5 Eats
N x NP dbl ch; 2. K-N1, N-K7 mate. The former was played 345. a. 2. R(R7) x Pch, K-Bq 1I[
in the garne, 3. fR5 mare)
331. 2. R-R8ch, K x R; 3, Q x Rch, K-N1; 4. Q-N7 mat'o b. 2. Q-Rsch, K-i{t a QJ
332, 1,,. .. R x Pch; 2. K x & fR4mate 346. 1..... R x Peh;LR x BcE
333. a. 3. ..,.Q x Pmate 347, a. 2. Q x Nch, Q x q 3- I#
b. 3. "...Q-R6ch; 4.K-N1, R-Nlch; 5. K-Rl, Q-86 or Q x Q mate)
334. N7 mate b 4. Q x Nch, K-Nf;5. QJ
c. 3. ,.. . Q-K5 mate 7. Q-K8ch, Q4r; Q x Qr
d. 5.,.. . Q xBPch; 6, R-N2, Q x R mate
e. 5.., . . Q x R; 6, fKBl orKNl, Q X Q mate (or on any
other move by White, 6. . .. . Q-N7 mate)
335. a..2.,.,.Q x BPmate CHAPTER 19
b. 2. .. .. R-Nlch; 3. K-Rl, FB6ch; 4. K-R2, fN7 349. 3. Q-B8ch,Q x Qtl.BxQF
,matc 350. a. 1. B-B6ch, Q X B (c I x :

c. 2. ." ..Q x KNP mate D. 1. B-86, K-Nl; 2 B x q

336. 1. R x Pch, P x R; 2. Q-N6cb, R-B2; 3, Q x R mate 351. 3. R-R3ch, K-Nl:, 1Qs
337. 1" R-K8ch, B x R; 2, Q xP mate 6. Q-R8 mate
338. 4. B x Pch, R-N4 5. Q x R mat€ 352. a. 5. P-N6 any mm; 5. Q{
339. 3,....P-R3ch; 4. K-By'., P-N4ch; 5. K-K5, Q-K3 mate b. 3. P-RSch, KJ4; 4. H
340. 2.Q-BTchrK-Rl;3.Q x Rmafe ot2... '.R-N2;3.Q x R N x KP dis ch, @e(
mate c. 6. Q{3 mate
341. 1. R-B8 dbl ch, K x R; 2. N-N6ch, P x N; 3, FR8 mate d. 4. Q-R5, P-B3;5.P{
342. * 4. ..,.B x Pch; 5.R x B, Q-N8 mate mate
 Quizzes 357
Answers to

b. 3. ....R-Nlch;4. B-N5, R x Bch; 5. K x R, fm mate

f-41; 5, P-R8(:Q or R) c. 5. ....R-Nlch; 6. B-N5, R x B mate
343. a. 2. ....4 X P mate
if4,K-Rl,RxRmate), b.3.....Q-N6ch;4. K-R1, Q mates on N7 or R7 (or R
mates on R7)
cQ2,BxPdisch;5.K c. 4. ... . a x B mate
K-Q2, R x R;
Q dht chi 4. d. 10. Q-B6; 11. . . , . P-K7; 12. .. . . P-K8(:Q); 13.
B-B6ch; 7. K-B'z, P- . . . .Q(K8)-87 or R8 mate
343. a. 2. .... a X P mate
b. 3. .. . . a 4. K-Rl, Q mates on N7 or R7 (or R
mate on R7)
-N6ch;
c.4.....Q X Bmate d. lO. Q-86;11.....P-K7;
12..... P-K8 (:Q); 13. ; . . . Q(K8)-87 or R8 mate
344, a.3.K x R, Q-R5 mate and 3. K-Bl, R-R8 mate
b. 7. . . . . P-KR4, for White cannot prevent the advance of this
Pawn
III-R6matts-of1,,",. R-N2, Q-R5 mate
c. 3.
rc. The former was played 345. a. 2. R(R7) x Pch, K-Bl; 3. R(87)-B7 mate (on 2. . . ". K-R1;
3. q-R5 mate)
; 4, Q-N7 mato Q-RSch, K-Nl; 3. Q-B7ch, K moves; 4. Q x P mate
D. 2.
346. 1.,,.. R x Pch;2.R x RorK x R, Q x RPmate
347. a. 2. Q x Nch, Q x Q; 3. R-Q8 mate (or 2. K-Nl; 3.
5. K-R1, Q-86 or Q x Q mate)
b 4. Q x Nch, K-Nl; 5. Q-88 mate (c) 6. Q x Nch, K-Nl;
7. Q-K8ch, Q-81; Q x Q mate

Q x Q mate (or on any

mate)
CIIAPTER 19
4. K-M, rN7 349. 3. Q-B8ch, Q x Q; 4. R x Q mate
350. a. 1. B-B6ch, Q X B (or R x B); 2. Q-88 mate
D. 1. 8-B6, K-Nl; 2. B x Q
3.Q x Rmate 351. 3. R-R3ch, K-Nl; 4. Q-Rs, P-B3; 5. P-N6, ily move;
6. Q-R8 mate
352. a. 5. P-N6, my move; 6. q-R8 mate
5. K-Ks, Q-K3 mate b. 3. P-RSch, K-B4; 4. P-N4 mate or 3. . . . , K-R3; 4,
aL....R-N2;3.Q x R N x KP dis ch, winning the Queen
c. 6.Q{3 mate
d. 4. Q-Rs, P-B3; 5, P-N6, Q-R5; 6. Q x Q and 7. Q-R8
mate
358 Checknutel
353. a. 3. B x P dis ch, K moves; 4. Q-R7 mate c. 2., . . . Q-KSch; 3. K-Nl" L
b. 3. B moves to any square but N8 (dis ch), K-Nl; 4. Q-R7ch, mate or 3. N-B3, Q x l{ciE +}
K-Bl; 5" fR8 mate
c. 3. Q-R5, with the threat of 4. Q-R7 mate on any move
but 3. . . . . R-Kl or Q1, in which case 4. Q-R7ch, K-Bl; CEAPIER 20
Q-R8 mate 365. a.9.RxB
d. 4. Q x Pch, K-R4; 5. N-B4ch, K-R5; 6. Q-N3 mate or b. t2.B X R, K x B; 13. Q{r
P-N3 mate (or 5. Q-R7ch, K-N5; 6. P-R3 or P-B3 mate) c. Q-K7 mate
354. a. 3. N x BP dis ch, K moves; 4. N x Q 366. 1. .. .. N-N6ch;2.P x N, P x lf I
b. 3. P-R5ch, K-B3; 4" Q-B3ch, FB5; 5. Q x Q mate (or 367. 2. N-N6ch, P x N; 3. Q.-x.3 E
3. P-RSch, K-R3; 4. N x BPch, K-R2; 5, N x Q ., . or 3. 36E. a. 4. Q-R4, 5 or 6, with fu fti.td
P-RSch, K-83; 4. N-R7ch, K-K3; 5, N X R ch, K-B3; b. 3, Q x P mate
FB5; 7, Q x Q mate, Take your choice!)
6. Q-B3ch" c.5.QxQch,RxQ;6.B'xLr
c. 5. Q-R7ch, K-Bl; 6. fR8 mate l{,a{t
369. 1". . . - N-N5ch; 2 N x
355. a. 4. N{4, followed by R-K3 and the entry of the Rook will mate
win. 370. a. l. N-N5, B x N;2 B x lr
b. 7. FR4ch, K-B1; 8. Q-R8ch, K-IC; 9. Q x P mate Q-R7 mate
356. a. 2".... Q x Pch; 3. K-Kl, fK7 mate b. 4. FRZct, K--81; 5. Q-dr
b. 2. .. .. Q-K4ch; B-K3, Q x Bch; 4. Q-K2, Q x Q mate
3, 37L a. 3. B-N6ch, K41; lt. Q*7 r
or 3. Q-K4 Q x Qch; 4.. B-K3, Q X B mate b. 3. B-N6, winning tte QUGGI fr
357. a. 2. . ., " N-N6 mate Ot 2, ., . . N-87 malp 372. a. 2" Q x Bch, Q-N4;3.Q x Qt
b. 3. K-81, fB7 mate and 3" K-Rl, N-N6 mate; and there- b.3.NxPmats,cinthedp
fore: 3. B-Q3, Q x Bch; 4. K-81 or Rl and mate follows 4.NxQmate
(q-87 or N-N6), 373. 3. R x Nclq K x R; 4. Q4
358. 3. R-Nl, N-N6ch; 4. P X N, fR6 mate 374. a. 3. Q x KPch, B-K4 4.Q x-rlr
359. a, 2. Q-N5, P-KN3; 3. fR6, with the threat of. 4" Q-N7 D. 6. R-{8 mate
mate. Black can delay the mate one move by playing . o . o c. 6. R-Q8 mate
Q x Pch. d. 8. KR-Klch, B-K7; 9- I{
b. 2... o . Q x Pch; 3. B x Qand4. Q x NP mate K-81;11,Q1f,matrbcf
c. 2,.. ,. P-KB4; 3. Q x P(85) and 4. Q x RP mate 375. 1..,., N-R7ch; 2,R x N cQx
360. a. 2" Q-R3 376. 1., .. . N-B6cb 2- K{2,}JI
b. 4. fR7 mate 377. a- 2, Q x N, Q-KBI; 3. B x Q I
c. 5. N@3FK4ch, P X N; N X P mate (either Ituight could Kx B; 4, fR8 mrtD
have played to K4 on move 5) b. 3. Q x N, any rxtre; 't. Q-ltfu
36L a. 4.N x KP dis ch, winning the Queen c, 2. Q x N mate
b. 4. P-N4ch, K-85;5. B-81 matoor 4. '. '. K-83;5. N- 378. 3. Q-B4ch, B--Qa; 4, Q x r.-r, (F
R7 mate 379. o. t.,. ,. B-N5cIU ?-P x XrflL
c. 6. P-R6i uny movel 7. Q-N5 mate 4. H5, R X Qctu 5,84Q
362. 2. H5ch, K-B1; 3, FB6 mate b. 4. P-83
363. a. 2. .,. . R x Nch; 3. R x R, Q X P mate 380. a. 2. Q-.R7 mate
b. 3.,.. r R x N mate D. 2. N x Nch, any mnq 3. Q{
 Quiaes 359
Ansvters to

[enz(dismate c.2. r... Q-KSch; 3. K-Nl, R x Nch;4. R x R, Q-N7

hXS ch), K-Nl; 4. Q-R7ch, mate or 3. N-B3, Q x Nch; 4" K-Nl, Q-N7 mate

d 4. fR7 mate on any move

t,

I Etich case 4. Q-R7ch, K-81; CIIAPIER 20

365. a.9.RxB
LI4cb" K-R5; 6. Q-N3 mate or . b. 12. B x R, K x B; 13. fKZ mate
Lf-Ns; 6. P-R3 or P-B3 mate) c. Q-K7 mate
366. 1. .... N-N6chi2.P X N, P x N mate
[t,Nxq x 367. 2, N-N6ch, P X N; 3. Q-R3 mate
i.I3cb" Q-B5; 5. Q Q mate (or
tmcb, K-R2; 5. N x Q .,. or 3. 368. a, 4. Q-R4, 5 or 6, with the threat of 5. Q-R8 mate
il+ r-xg; 5, N x R ch, K-B3; b. 3, Q x P mate
f Q Eare. Take your choice!) c. 5. Q x Qch, R x Q; 6.R x Rmate
Llf, mate 369. 1" . . , . N-NSch; 2. N X N, fKU mate; or 2.P X N, H5
;E] 8nd the entry of the Rook will mate

I
370. a. 1. N-N5, B x N; 2. R x R mate or 1. N-Ns, R x R; 2.
Itch,K-I9;9.QxPmate Q-R7 mate
[exz mate b. 4. FRTch K-Bl; 5. Q-R8 mate
[Q x Bch;4. Q-K2, Q x Q mate 37L a. 3. B-N6ch, K-81; a, Q-87 matp
b. 3. B-N6, winning the Queen after 3, . o . . Q-Kl; 4. B x q
F-*3,QxBmate 372. a. 2" Q x Bch, q-N4; 3, Q x Q mate
-.). . N-87 mate
ir.K-Rl, N-N6 mate; and there- b. 3.N x P mato,or in the second possibilitn 3. N x Pch, Q x N;
4, K-Bl or Rl and mate follows 4.N x Qmate
373. 3. R x Ncb K x R; 4. H8 mate
f, e-ne mate 374. a. 3. Q x KPch, B-K2;4. Q x B mate
-fG with the tlreat of. 4. Q-N7 b. 6. R{8 mate
one move by playing . , . o c. 6. R-Q8 mate
d. 8" KR-Klch, B-K7; 9, R{8chn B x R; 10. R x Bch,
ld 4. Q x NP mate K-81; 11, Q X B mate is one of several possibilities.
DEd 4. Q x RP mate 375, 1...".N-R7ch;2,R x N orQ x NorK-Kl,R-Q8 mate
376. 1. , .. . N-B6ch; 2. K--Q2, R-K7ch!; 3. K x N, H5 mate
377. a. 2, Q x N, Q-KBI; 3, B x Q (threatening 4. Q-N7 mate),
lI x P mate (either Knight could Kx B; 4. Q-R8 mate
p b. 3. Q x N, any move; 4. fN7 mate
Faue€o c. 2. Q x N mate
tt' Eat€ ot 4. .. , . K-83; 5. N- 378. 3, Q-B4ch, B-Qa; 4, Q x Bch, Q-82 or R-B2; 5. R-R8 mate
379. a. 1..... B-NSch; 2.P x B, N-K6ch; 3, P X N, R-{lch;
EaIe 4. H5, R X Qch; 5. B{2, Q x B mate
iIlS
i-rc b. 4. P-83
LQ - P mate 380. a. 2. Q-R7 mate
b. 2. N x Nch, ffiy move; 3. Q-R7 mate
360 Checkmatel

CIIAPIT,R 21 403. a. 6. R-R8cb, R-R5; 7- I' x l,

384. a. 3. .. . . K-K3 and Black stops the White QBP. D. 6. K-N3, afiacting fu E
D. 5. P-R8(:Q), P-N7; 6. Q-R2, &Dy move; 7. Q x NP (or Black must play 6. . . .. f{
Q x Q if Black Queens his Pawn) wins with 7. K x B.
386. 1..... R-Q8ch;2. R x R (rf 2. K-K2, R(Q1H7 mate),
R x Rch; 3. K-K2, P x P
387. a. 2. B-K6 CIIAPIER, 22
D. 2. FK8ch, Q x Q; 3.R x Qcb R x R; 4. P x R(:Q or R)
404. 1. Q-Q8ch, K-RA 2. Q-E,
mate
406. 2. R x Pch, K-Rl; 3. B-IiE
388. a. 2.P x P
5. R-N6ch, erc'
b. 2. P-B7
407. 3, R-Kgch, R-Jl;4, B x f !
c. 5. $K7ch, K-81 or Nl; 6. R-Q8 mate 408.3..,,,Q-N7ch
389. 1. P-B8 (-Q or B)ch, R x Q (or B); 2" Q x R mate
4lL 18, . . ., B-85; 19. AtrtGC
390. 1. R x & N x R; 2. P-K8(-Q)
391. 1. Q x Rch, Q x Q; 2. P-K7
413. 17. N-QSch" K4 l&u r.t
414. a- 2. e . .. Q x Pdu 3. K4I'(
392. a. 2. Q x Pch, K-Bl or Rl; 3. Q-N8 mate
b. 2,. ,. , R-R6cU 3-K x lD
D. 3. P-N8(:Q)ch, K-R3; 4. q-N6 mate
416. 1,,. . . R(5) x PdB LP x IrL
c. 3. FB7ch, K x Q;4. P-N8(-Q) mate
393. a. 2. P48(:Q)ch, FK1; 3. Q x Qch, B-81; 4. Q x B or and R8 while tbe Wb' E
to the frst ranL
RxBmate 417. 3, B-R6 mat€
,. 3. R-B8 mate 41E. 2.....FI(3ch;3.QxQfr
c.3.BxB 4L9. 1,. . .. R-BBcb, LK14b
394. a. 3. Q-B'l mate
K-R2, R-RBcfU 3. K x l.al
D. 4. Q-B7cb, K-Na; 5. B-{7 mate
c. 5. Q x Pch, K-Q6;6. Q-83 mate or R{1 mate
420. 3... ". R x Bcb 4 K--fLU
42L
395. 7"...,P x R(:N) mate
b. 9...... Q-Bsch
397..4. Q x Pch, K-Rl;5. Q-B6ch, K-R2;6. Q-B7ch. Black
cannot attempt to escape the checks, for 6. .. - . K-R3; 7. Q-
B4ch,K-R4; 8. fR4 mate
39E. a. 1..,.,R x Bch; 2.K-84, Q-B6 mate CEAPITR, 23
A. 3. N-BScb K-B2; 4. N x Q dis ch, and on 4. ?,,. K x N; tnz. 1, K-K4, R X Pdu ZP x IDI
5,8 x Pwijtrs, good is 1. R-N6ch' K+l
399. a. 6. ., , . Q-Nlch;7. K-{7, Q-B2 mate mate)
D. 3. P-K8(:N)ch, K-B4; 4. R-N5 mate 423, 3. FB3ch" Q-Nrd* 4- Q x Q!
400. a. 3. R-N8 mate 44. o, 3. Q-B5 mare a R-II J
D. 3. P-88(-N)ch, K-Rl; 4. R-N8 mate D. 4. R-85 mate
c. 2. FR7ch, K-Bl; 3. Q-R8 mate 425. * 2.N-B6ci' K4'L 3.I{
401. a. 4.P-87,8-K4;5. P-B8(-Q)ch, B-Nl; 6.Q x B,mate or b. 4, B-RSch, K4iZ c It
fN7 mate or Q-86 mate R x Qmato
b. 5. N-B6 and 6. B-N7 mate c" 5. B-R5 mate
402, 5, N-R6ch, K-Rl; 6. 8-86 mate 42it. 4. K-K7
 Answers to Quizzes 361

403. a" 6. R-R8ch, R-R5; 7, R x R mate

tu White QBP. D. 6. K-N3, attacking the Rook and ttrreatening R-81 mate-
any move; 7. Q x NP (or Black must play 6. . . ' o K-N8 to prevent the mate and White
wins with 7, Kx R.
F. L K-K2, R(Q1)-Q7 mate),

CIIAPIER, 22
ach, R x R; 4. P x R(:Q or R)
404. 1. Q-Q8ch, K-M; 2. fRsch, K-N1; 3. Q-{8ch
406. 2. R x Pch, K-Rl; 3. R-N8ch, K-R2; 4. R-N7ch, K-R3;
5. R-N6ch, etc,
407. 3. R-K8ch, R-81; 4. R x R mate
B-Q8 mate 408. 3.....Q-N7ch
B);L Q x Rmate 41-L 18. . . . . B-B5; 19. Any move, P-N4 mate
413. 17. N-QSch" K-QZi l8,B-K6ch, K-K1; 19' B-J7ch
414. a^ 2. . . . . Q x Pcb 3. K-Rl, Q-R6ch; 4" K-Nl
mate
b. 2.. ,. r R-R6ch; 3, K x & Q-N5gU,4- K-R2, Q x Pch
Q-I{6mate
4\6. 1, ,.. . R(5) x Pch; 2.P x R, R-R8ch and Black checks at R7
1(:Q) mate and R8 while the white King can move only to B2 and back
Qx Qch, B-81; 4. Q x Bor to the frst rank-
4L7. 3. B-R6 mate
41E. 2.. ... Q-K3ch; 3. Q x Q stalemate
4lg. 1. . . , , R-B8ch; 2. K-R2, R-R8ch; 3. K x R" R-B8ch; 4'
K-R2, R-R8ch; 3. K x R stalemate
42O. 3. . .. . R x Bch; 4' K-Rl, B-N7ch; 5" K-Nl, B-R6ch
42L a. 4. .,. . Q-BSch
b. 9... ... Q-BSch

CEAPTE,R 23
4f2L 1. K-K4, R X Pch;Z. P x R, any move; 3- R-N6 mato (AIso
good is 1. R-N6ch, K-84;2.R-B7cb, R-B3; 3. R(7) x R
mate)
423. 3. Q-B3ch, Q-N7ch; 4. Q x Q 'mate
424. a. 3. Q-B5 mate or R-R5 mate
mate D. 4. R-B5 mate
maE 425. a- 2. N-B6shr K-R1; 3. R-N8 mate
B-N1;6.QxBmateor b. 4. B-RSch, K-R2 or R3; 5. B x P dis cb Q-R6; 6"
R x Qmate
c, 5. B-R5 mate
42i1. 4. K-K7
 362 Checkmatel

428. a. 5. .. . . K-R5; 6. K-Nl, Q x R mate

- b. 7". ... Q-K8ch; 8. R-Bl, Q x R mate h. 24" R-Klch, K-B6; 25. Q--fBt
429. 9. R-Q8ch, Q-Blch; 10. R x Qch, K-M; 11. B{3 mate i. 23. R-Klch, K-B6;2L Q-Jtllr
430. a. 3. B-B7ch, N x B or K-Rl; 4. R-K8 mate (3. B-B7ch i. 22.8 x Pch, P-B3; 23.8 x ft4j
K-Rl; 4. B-N7 is also mate) GuvrB TlnBe:
-1

D. 3. B-B7ch, K-Rl; 4. B-N7 mate

c. 7. K-N6, a. 19. Q-R6ch, K-Nl; 2tI Q x tU
an,y moye; 8. B-N7 ....
mate (In this line 5.
also follows 20. R-NfcL rbt
R-KNI avoids the mate but loses after 6. B x R, K x B;
a bit by interposing trbe o tE
7.KxPetc.)
b. 16. Q x Pch, B-NA l7. Q x Dr
431. a. 4. P-R6
c. lT.QxPmate
b. 4. ....B-Q5;5. P-R8(:Q), B x Pch; 6. K-Nl, B x Q
d. 25. Q-K2cI, B-K64, 26, Q x t
432. a. 3. .. . . B-Bsch; 4. K-Rl, FR6ch; 5. K-Nl, B{6 mate
e. 23. Q:-QsslL K{f (r' 23'- ..
b. 6. .. . . 8-{6 dis ch; 7. K--Ql, Q-Q7 mate
433. a. 3. ... . B-N7 ,mate Q x Rch, K-Q4 25.Q x ItE
b. 6.... . B{sch;7.N-N2, B x N mate t. 28. N x PclL Khg.ortt29.ltx
g. 35. Q-K4 or FB5
434. a. 5. Q-K6ch
h. 33.N x QclL R x N;:}4.B x lli
b. 5. K-N6
c. 5. K-N6 Glrvrs Fonn:
435. a. 6. R-N8 mate :
a. 13. Q-R5
b. 7. B x Qch, K-Rl; 8. R-88 mate or B x P mate b. 17. Q Rch, Qaf; l&N I;I
x x
c. 23" B-NSch (with 23- . .. - f ftr
24. Q x Qch, K x q 2:i.B x T,,
CIIAPIER 24 d. 19. Q-{Sch aod 20. Q x B :- !
Geue ONB: e. 25. R-Blch, B-{5; 26.R'x fl
a. ll.N x P dis ch, R-N2; 18. R x Rch, B x R; 19. Q X B mate 23.QxQmafe
b, 13. B x Pch, K-Rl; 14. B-N6 dis ch, K-N1; 15. Q-R7 mate t. fR8 mate
c. L6. Q x Qch, K x Q; 17. N-B7 (winning the Rook) g.Y+,RxB
d. 18. Q x QPch, B-K3; 19. Q x KP h. 3t. B-N6 (on 31. D - tl
e. 22. R X Rch, K-R4; 23. R-R6ch, K x R; 24. Q-N5 mate or 23,
N-N3ch, K X P; 24. R-R6 mate
a. L3... . . B-K3
GaMe Tlvo: b. ls.RxP
c. 8.....B-Nsch; 9. Q{2, B x Qch; 10. N x B c. Lt. Q-R6clt KJ{l; fg.}-lIl
b. tt. Q-N3! d. 18. q-R6ch, K-l{l; ll9.Ir{ l

c.13.PxP e. 22. N-N6ch, K44 23- il r il

d. t3. rB3 N6ch
e. 14. . .. , N xPch; King moves, N x Q t,23.QxPmatecR.xPrft
f. 18. R-N8 Q-N4;20. R x Q mate
dbl ch, K x R; 19. R-Nlch, g. 23. Q:-IC5ch, K-*1 G 23, , -{
g. 20. Q-B6ch, K-Nl;21. R-Nlch, Q-N5; 22. R x Qch, N x R; 25. Q-B8 or Q8 DeB 2f, lF{
23. Q-N7 (or R8) mate G-** or R8ch, R4l;26. Qr-l
26.Q:-NScJtRxqTl.}I4r
rc Answers to Quizzes 363

mate h. V+" R-Klch, K-86; 25. FN3 mzte

K-R2; 11" B-Q3 mate t. R-Klch, K-86:24. fN3 mate
23.
B--K8 mate (3. B-B7ch, i. 22.8'x Pch, P-B3; 23.8 x Pcb R x B; 24. R-N8 mate

GruB Thsn:
(In this line 5. . . . .
a. 19. fRfth, K-Nl;20. Q x Nch, K-81;21. Q-R8 mate (Mate
also follows 20. R-Nlch" when all Black can do is to delay the mate
.ftcr6.BxR,KxB; a bit by interposi4g twice on the KN file.)
b. l6,q x Pch, B-N2; 17. Q x B mate
c. t7. Q x P mate
kh; 6.K-Nl, B x Q d. 25. Q-ICclL B-K6c,h; 26.Q x B mate
5. K-Nl, B-Q6 mate
mate
e. 23. Q-{Scb K-Kl (on 23" . . . . K-B3; 24, Q--K6 mate)i 24.
x Rch, f{2; 25. Q x Nch
Q
t. 28. N x Pclu King moves; 29. N x q
g. 35. Q-K4 or FB5
h. 33.N x Qch, R x N; 34. R x Nch
Geur Foue:
a. 13. Q-R5
cB x Pmate b. 17.Q x Rch, Q-B1; 18.N X B or 17. ....B-B1; 18. Q x B(QB8)
c. 23" 8-N5ch (with 23.. .. , K x B;24. Q x Q and 23. .,,. K-B2;
24.QxQch,KxQ;25.BxR)
d. 19. Q--Q5ch and 20. Q x B
e.25. R-Blcb B-B5;26. R x Bch, B-B4; 27.R x Bch, Q-B2;
xR;19.QxBmate 28.QxQmaG
f-{l; 15. q-R7 mate t. Q-R8 mate
e Rook) g. ?J+" R x B
h. 3L.B-N6 (on 31. . . e e B X B; 32. Q X Bch,N-N2; 33. Q X B)
D;U. fN5 mate or 23.
Ger"g FnrB:
a. 13.. ... B-K3
b. ls.RxP
NXB c. L7. Q-R6ch" K-Nl; 18. R-K8 mate
d. 18. q-R6cb, K-N1; 19. P-86
e.22, N-N6ch, K-82;23. N X Rcb, K-81;24.Q X Qch or N-
N6ch
t. 23. Q x P mate or R x Pmate (epaulettml)
(FN4;20.RXQmate g. 23. Q-I6ch, K-Rl (if. 23. o . , , R-B2; 2/+. Q x Rch, K-Rl;
22.RxQch,NxR; 25. Q-BE or Q8 mate); 24, N-B7ch" K-Nl (if ' . . . R x N; 25'
f** or R8ch, R-Bl; 26. Q x R mate); 25, N-R6 dbl ch, K-Rl;
26. Q-N8crL R x Q;27. N-87 mate
3il Checkmate!

CIIAPTER 25
461. 1.R x Pch,R x R(on 1.,.,.K-Rl orNl;2. Q-RTmate);
2. Q-N6ch, K-Rl; 3. N X R mate (ot 2.....K-Bl; 3. Q x R aNSWERS T0 oUU
mate)
462. 1. N-Bfth!, B x N; 2. Q x Pch, B-N2; 3. Q-R7 mate "GHEGHMATE!' ItrTE
463. 1. N-R6ch, K-R1 (1. . . . . K-B1; 2. Q-B7 mate); 2. V
N8ch, R x Q; 3. N-B7 mate
464. 4..... R-Q8ch;5. K-Nz(5.K-K2, R-K8 mate), R-N8ch;
6. K-R3; B-B4ch; 7. P-N4, B x P mate
465. 2. N x P dbl ch, K-R1; 3. R X P mate
466. 3. Q x Nch, R-84; 4. Q-N7ch, Q-N3; 5. Q x Q mate (or 3,
.... K-R3;4. R X P mate or Q-N7 mate and 4. Q x Rch,
K-R3; 5. Q (or R) x P mate)
467. 1. N-B6ch, K-N2; 2. Q-R7ch, K-Bl; 3. Q-R8 or N8 ch,
K-K2; 4. Q-K8 mate (or 1. K-81; 2. Q-B8ch, K-K2;
3. Q-K8 mate and in this line 2. . . .. K-N2; 3. Q-N8 mate)
468. 2. Q-B5ch, K-R5; 3. Q-R5 mate
469. 5. Q x Pch, K-Nl; 6. R-Rl, Q-Q2; 7. Q-R8ch, K-B2; 8.
Q-N7 mate 1. 1"Q-NSch,PxqZL{
470. 1. R-R6ch, P x R; 2. Q-B6ch, K-R2; 3, Q-B7ch, K-Rl; otr
4 for further otarificrtlr
4. B-86 mate better understanding frl
d
471. 2. Q x Pch, K x Q; 3. R-R2 mate 2. 1. . , , . Q'+7ch' 111lcl cl
472. 1. Q x Pch,N x Q; 2. R x N mate .,roQ-N6clu3.KxQ-
473. 1. R-K7ch, K-R3; 2. Q-B4ch, P-Na; 3. Q-B8ch, K-N3; Black would hate rc ml
4. Q-N7 mate explained in ChaS ZL)
474. 3. Q x Rch, K-R2;4. R-B7ch, K-N3; 5. Q-N7 mate 3. 1.Q-RTch,NxQ?-lG
475. 1. B-K3ch, K-N5; 2. Q-N3ch, K-R4; 3. Q X P mate (1. Rl; 4. N(KS)+{6 E l, GE
P-N4ch is mate in four after 1. K x P; 2. Q-N3ch, K- been the object d yr r
x
B4:'3. Q Pch, K-Q5;4. Q-B4 mate.)
ticed that tbey wcrt tc-i r
in Chapter 10.)
476. 1. B-Q8 dis ch, K x B; 2. N-N5, Q-K8ch (to delay the mate);
3.RxQandnow: 4. 1.....QR-Nfdr2.l{
any move but 3. N-R3; 4. N x P mate (except 3. mate),RxBch;3.BPxal
-On
N-K2;4.QxNmate) 4.Q-R7,RXq5.Arrrl
example of the Lq El-
on 3. N-R3; 4. FK7 mate. Black could have de-
-And you failed to retb IoC-
layed the mate by 1. K-81; 2. B x Q, but this would
have left him too far behind to continue.
5. 1. P-Q3 or P-{{
move), P-KN4; 2. Q#
477. 1. Q-B7ch, K-Rl; 2. Q-KSch, K-NZ or R.2; 3. R-87 mate winninglineiB 1. P#,E
is the threat, which Black can delay for a move by 2.. . . , Q-
81; 3. Q x Qch, K-M; 4. R-87 mate
P{4, P-R4 c F-I{ r
studied in ChaSer f)
 1 or Nl; 2. Q-R7 mate);
(ot2.....K-Bl;3.QxR ANSWEBS TO ourz REYIEW OF
LN2; 3. Q-R7 mate
"GHEGHMATE!' II}EAS
1; 2. Q-87 mate); 2. Q-
R-K8 mate), R-N8ch;
P mate
Date
fN3; 5. Q x Q mate (or 3,
fN7 mate and 4. Q x Rch,

K-81; 3. Q-R8 or N8 ch,

;- K-41; 2. Q-B8ch, K-K2;

7. Q-R8ch, K-B2; 8.
1, Q-Nsch, P x Q; 2. R-R8ch, R-R3; 3. R x Rch. (See Chapter
K-R2; 3. Q-B7ch, K-Rl; 4 fot further clarification of mates with a Rook and Chapter 17 for
better understanding of when to sacrifice a Queen )
2. l. . , , . Q-B7ch, NTch or RTch an4 on White's King move, 2.
, , e . Q-Nftb 3. K x Q stalemafe. (You should have noticed that
3. Q-B8ch, K-N3; Black would have no moves if he did not harre his Queeq as wiltl
explained in Chapter 22.)
1. fR7ch, N x Q; 2, N(R4FNfth, K-Nl; 3" N X Bch, K-
;5. FN7 mate
K-R4;3.QxPmate(1. Rl; 4. N(K5FN6 mate, (Ihe mate by two Knights should have
been the object of your examination of the position once you no-
-..KxP;2.Q-N3ch,K- ticed that they were bearing on an opeo King position<s explained
Ere-)
in Chapter 10.)
FKSch (to delay the mate);
1. . . . . QR-Nlch, 2. B-N3 (otherwise, on 2" K-Rl, B x P
mate), R x Bch; 3. RP x & B x P (threatening. ... R-R8 mate);
4.NXPmate(except3.
4. fR7, R'X Q; 5. AI$Y WHIIE MOVF., R-R8,mate. (A clear
oxample of the Iong Diagonal I\fate as e4lained in Chapter l4.lf
Eate. Black could have de
yotr failed to aee the Rook sacrifico re.exsmine Chapter 18.)
;2. B X Q, but this would 1. P--Q3 or P{4 (thrcatening Z P-N4 ch and mate m the next
move), P-KN4; 2. (37"4 K-R5; 3. P-N3 mate' The second
or R2; 3. R-B7 mate
winning line is 1. P-N4ch, K-R5; 2. Q-N3clL K-N4; 3. P---Q3,
fqamoveby2.,...Q-
EE P-{4, P-R4 or P-B4 matel (Such mates by a Pawn were
studied in Chapter 1.)
365
366 Checkmate! AnswantoQfr,d
6. 1...,.Q-K8ch;2,K-N2,B X Pch;3.K x B orK-R3, Q-r8 fi. 1.N-Nsch,PxN;2.N{t,
mate. (fhe basic position was examined in Chapter 5, while ex- amined in Chspter 3, ftL tlr r
amples of such a Bishop sacrifice were in Chapter 19.) sacrifice shrdied h ChqtrAI
7. 1..... R-R7ch;z.K x & N-B6ch;3. K-Rl, R X R mate. 1....,FR6;LPxQFt
(This type of Arab Mate was detailed in Chapter 8, while the use of
8-B6; 3. B-K7 (ddrri
Rook sacrifices to force a mating position was in Chapter 18.) WHTTEMO\ENxP-,3 -
8. 1. R-B2ch, K x N; 2. K-K2, AI.[Y BLACI( MO\IE; 3. N-B3 were treated in ChagtEr 9, fl
mate. (fhis use of the King to assist in the mate by limiting the moves fe1 rhis firye of Queca nft,]
available to the enemy King was clarified in Chapter 23.) 19. l.QxPch,KxG2.l{
9. 1. N-K7ch, K-Rl; 2. R x Pch, K x R; 3. R-R1 mate. (This 4. N-K7 mate. (A Qua d
Anastasia Mate was discussed in Chapter 8, and includes the familiar bring about a positim rffi let
Rook sacrifice to open a line, as ilh:strated in Chapter 18. The same see Chapter 8-+nd a @ tf et
mate was possible had the White piece on KRl been a Queen.) 20. The mate in the rn(rrcr k L -.
10. l. " .. . a x Pch; 2. K x Q, B x N dbl ch; 3. K-Q2, R-87 3, K-Rz, B-NB mtiln. f r
mate (or 3. K-N3, B-B7 mate)-a double check attackl (As in N6ch; z.K-R\ Iit*L t"E
Chapter l6,the battery of pieces on the half-open file permits a sacri- mate, (Both wins ilbrtrE Df
fice that is followed by mate . . , by Rook and Bishop, os iD Chapter while the use of 6e fo*.d
'1, or by two Bishops, as in Chapter 11.)
2L l.BxPch,KxB2.Qxts
11. 1. . .. " Q x Pch;2. P x Q, B-R6 mate- (A simpte Bodens Mate,
Q-B7 mate G l. B x ftI, t-
as found in Chapter 13.)
dis ch, K-K2;4. FD6*Eii
12. 1. Q-R8ch, K X R; 2, B-86 dbl ch, K-Nl; 3, R-R8 mate. tine 3. o. ,. K+I4 4,Q{]H
(Another example of the double check-chapter lrin this situa-
Q-N7ch, K-R4; 7. B--If r
tion used to force a Long Diagonal Mate-{hapter l4-through a King positioo, as dernolr4ll
simple Queen sacrifice{hapter 17.) 1,R-BSch,RxR.;2.fE
13. 1. FN6ch, N x Q; 2. P x Nch, B x R; 3. R x B mate. (The position cmbines tb tql
Queen sacrific*see Chapter 17-was clearly indicated because the fice"+s in Ctaptr l7+l r
position calls for the mate by a Rook as explained in chapter 4.)
Pawn-for which rec Ct1-I!.
14. 1. R-N7ch, Q x R; 2_ R x Qcb, K-Rl; 3. R-N6, N5 or R x 1,, " ,. R x Br!-,2- K x IrIt
KNP mate is the clearest line. Black can delay the mate by 1.,. ,,
K-Rl; 2. R-N5 dis ch, Q-NZ; 3. R(from the N fle) x Q, N- Q-R7 mate), lHTdE { --
petual check follom. (S a I
Q2; 4. R-N6 dis ch, N-B3 or K4; 5. B x N mate. (Such wins 22.>
were clarified in Chapter 7, and also relate to the attack by two l"QxRPcbKxq2-l{
24.
Rooks on the seventh rank as examined in Chapter 12.)
a:, a Greco Mate as hG
15. 1. R-Q8ch, K-B2 (on 1. R-Bl; 2. R x R mate); 2. N- in the pocition, iurtib fr f
N5ch, P x N; 3" Q-K8 mate. (An Epaulettes Mate; as explained Iines in Chapt€r l7J
in Chapter 6, utilizing a Ifuight sacrifice to open a line, as in 25. l.QxRPch,R--*3;2.Qxl
16.
Chapter 20.)
Damiano Mate, errnirad i{E|
1.P-R3ch, K-Rs; 2. R-BSch, P X R or P-N5; 3. B-86 mate. qrinf 16
Queen sacrifice as
(Such mates by a Bishop were reviewed in Chapter 2, while Rook
26. 1"QxPcb,K-Rl;2-Q-XI
sacrifices to open a line were the subject of Chapter 18.) fu fil
difierent approach to

x P:i: 3. K x B or K-R3, Q-88
ru.,n:hed in Chapter 5, while ex-
*ere i-u Chapter 19.)
i-B5ch; 3. K-Rl, R X R mate.
e.rled ia Chapter 8, while the use of
DCSrtiu-r s'asin Chapter 18.)
-L\l' BLACK MOVE; 3. N-B3
st in i:e mate by limiting the moves
:kr,.:el ia Chapter 23.)
;hL K x R; 3. R-Rl mate. (This
[h.e;:er 8, and includes the familiar
Itur.ltd in Chapter 18. The
pi*e cn KRl been a Queen.)
B 'r' \ dbl ch; 3. K-Q2, R-87
el.-a couble check attack! (As in
:'n t-be hal.f-open fiIe permits a sacri-
L5 R.-ck and Bishop, as is Chapter
Er i1.)
*"6 n-ate. (A simple Boden's Mate,
.,*l cb- K-Nl; 3. R-R8
ce'*i-Chapt€r 16-in this situa-
m-t \f=:e-{hapter l4-through a
\:.s
;:- B x R; 3. R x B mate. (The
-.n-rs :iearly indicated because the
(Bt i :-e.rplained in Chapter 4.)
h, K-R.l; 3. R-N6, N5 or R x
mk c";i delay the mate by 1. . . ,,
: 3- R'frcm the N fiIe) x Q, N-
El: -;. B x N mate. (Such wins
e.lir .-=iate to the attack by two
@i:edir Chapter 12.)
R-tsl; 2. R X R mate); 2. N-
*{a E;:ulettes Mate, as explained
r rz-rr.fice to open a line, as in
P r R or P-N5; 3. B-B6 mate.
rirs:l i-a Chapter 2, while Rook
s:;e--t of Chapter 18.)
Answers to QuizReview ol Checkmatelldeas 367
17. 1. N-Nsch, P x N; 2" N-N7 mate. (Mate by a Knight, as ex-
amined in Chapter 3, this time made possible by the tylpe of Knigbt
sacrifice studied in Chapter 20.)
1E. l" . .. . Q-R6; 2.P x Q (to preve,nt 2. . o. . Q x NP mate),
B-86; 3. B-K7 (delaying mate by one move) I K x B; 4" ANY
WHITE MOVE, N x P mate. (Such mates by Knight and Bishop
were teated in Chapter 9, while Chapter 17 provided the rationale
for this tlPe of Queen sacrifice.)
19. 1. Q x Pch, K x Q; 2. R-R4ch, Q-R4; 3. R X Qch, K-Nl;
4. N-K7 mate. (A Queen sacrifice-see Chapter l7-designed to
bring about a position which is a cross between an Anastasia Mate-
same see Chapter S-and a mate by a Knight-see Chapter 3.)
20. The mate in three moves is: 1. .... R x Pch; 2.P x R. B-B6ch;
3. K-R2, B-N8 mate'. The mate in four moves is: 1. . . . . N-
N6ch; 2. K-Ra N-B8ch; 3. K-R.l, R x Pch; 4. P x R, 8-86
mate. (Both wins illustrate the Blackburne Mate seen in Chapter 11,
while the use of the Rook sacriflce was in Chapter 18.)
2L 1. B x Pch, K x B; 2. Q x Bch, K-N2; 3. Q-B6clq K-Nl; 4.
fB7 mate or 1. B x Pch, K-Bl; 2. Q x B, N-B3; 3, B-B4
dis ch, K-K2;4. Q-B5ch, K-Kl;5. Q-87 mzte or in the same
mate. line 3. . . ' . K-N2; 4" Q-B7ch, K-R3; 5. R-B6ch, K-N4; 6.
Q-N7ch, K-R4; 7, R-R6 mate, (A Bishop sacrffice to open a
King position, as demonstrated in Chapter 19.)
22. 1. R-B8ch, R X R; 2. Q-R8ch, K x Q; 3. P x R(:Q) mate (This
position combines the recognition of the timing for a Queen sacri-
fice-as in Chapter l7-srith understanding of when to promote a
Pawn-for which see Chapte,r 21)
23. 1.,.,. R x Bcb;2. K x R, N x Pch; 3. K-Bl (on 3. K-Rl,
Q-R7 mate), N-R7ch; 4, K-Nl, N-B6ch and draw by per-
petual check follows. (Such a draw was demonstrated in Chapter
22.)
24. 1. Q x RPch, K x Q; 2. R-R3ch, B-R5; 3. R x B mate. C[his is
i:, a Greco Mate 4s saamined in Chapter 15, which, once recognized
in the position, justifies the Queen sacrifice according to the guide-
lines in Chapter 17.)
25. 1. Q x RPch, R-R3; 2. Q x Rch, P x Q; 3. R-R7 mate" (This
Damiano Mate, examined in Chapter 15, is the justification for the
Queen sacrifice as explained in Chapter 17.)
26. 1. Q x Pcb" K-Rl; 2. Q-N8ch, R x Q; 3. N-.B7 mate. (A
different approach to the kinds of smothered mate discussed in
368 Checkmate! An;,,'ets ic Q;:: F"r,*.
Chapter 16, the Queen sacrifiee again following the guidelines of R-K2; 2.Q x & f\xr 3. R.
Chapter 17.) QxPmateor4.QxBr.*ar
27. 1. Q-NSch, R-Bl; 2. P-B7 mate. (A King lasking escape squares mate (an Arab Mate as ie Cbfl.c
is mated by a supported Pawn, as in Chapter 1.) so thorough an uoderEaai::g cd
28. 1. P-B6, R x B or any other move; 2. R-R8 mate. White can =
36. 1.R-B7ch, K-K3; 2. P Qi":r
also win but without a mate in sight by 1. R-R8ch, K-N2; 2. end it is mate bi- a Bis:]-l
R-N8ch, K-83; 3. P-B8(:Q)ch, R x Q; 3. R x Rch, K-N4; =-
Cbapter 2.)
4. P-86 and it will be possible to promote the Pawn or win a piece 37. 1. R-R6ch, K x R (:f. l. ....
for it. But the mate in two is so simple, especially if you have R8ch, K-N3; 3. FR-< Ti-"
studied Chapter 4! as seen in Chapter 5. ;".::.-+
29. 1. Q, R x Bch; 3. K{1, B-K7cb; 4.
. . . . Q-Klchi 2. B x Chapter 18.)
K-Kl, B-N5 dis ch; 5. K-81, B-R6ch; 6. K-N1, R-K8 38. 1. Q x Bch, P x Q (o: 1. . . . . r

mate. (One of the mates illustrated in Chapter 7, the recoguition of mate); 2. N-B6ch, K-R-: :. R.-
which justffies the Queen sacrifice according to Chapter 17.) as in Chapter 8, with t: Q-,=t: r,"
30. 1. . . . . Q-N8ch; 2. R x Q, N-B7sh; 3- K-N2, B-R6 mate. ter t7 illustrated.)
(Such a mate should have been clear if you had mastered Chapter 9 39. 1. NxPch; l. K-\_
and its discussion of mate by Knight and Bishop. The Queen sacri- mate or on 3. K-N-<, B-FJ
=::
fice to force a standard mate position was clarified in Chapter 17.) mate by two Kniglts as L C-;-:r
31. 1. . . . . Q-N6ch; 2. K x Q Gf 2. K-Nl, R-B8 mate), N-88 Bishop as in Chapter 9. )
mate. (fhis is a dfficult mate despite its two-move sequence, but 40. l.QxNch,KxQ:2.R r P
would have been evident if you fully understood Chapter 3 and then R(1)-R1, Resigrs. Ifare cn 3t
applied the rules in Chapter 17.) cannot be avoided when F a= l
32. 1. N-Bsch, P x N; 2. Q x Nch, K-R4; 3. Q-N5 mate is a begins with a Long Dia3:.rd )[r:
standard mate with a Queen as clarffied in Chapter 5, while the two Rooks, as evident Lc,= -a-ri
other variation: 1. N-BSch, K-R4;2. Q x RPch, N x Q; 3. P- 41. 1. Q x Pch, K x Q; 2. B-!,-<.:r
N4 mate is more diff.cult, requiring understanding of Chapter 17 as R X Bch, K x R; 5. R-P.i =.s.:
well as the recognition of the t1rye of attack spelled out in Chapter 1. of a Queen sacrifice-s€€ C-;n:
33. 1. R-N8ch, R-Q1; 2. R. x Rch, R-Bl; 3. R x Reh, K-R2; and Bishops-see Chap:er -.', E l
4. P-N6ch, K-R3; 5. R-R8 mate. (Ihis direct mate with two by 1. e , . c K-81; 2. R-RS. t
Rooks, as examined in Chapter t2, depended on recognizing the im- Q-K8ch, B-B1; 5. R-\31
pact of White's P-N6 to prevent Black's escape to his KN3.) Bishop by 6. R-R8 EaE . f)
34. 1. R-N7ch, K x B; 2. Q-R.l mate. (This unusual example of a any move; 8. FB7ch, K-R l; 9
Long Diagonal Mate is also reminiscent of mates by a Bishop, two 42. 1. . " . " P-R5, ild \ltir cE:irr
themes studied in Chapters 14 and 2.) the eighth r&nk, becomi4 a Qpe
35. 1. N-R6, ild Black resigned. The threat is 2. Q-N8ch, R X N; 2.P x RP, P-N5; 3. P x \?.
3. N-B7 mate (smothered mate as in Chapter 16). If Black plays line played in the game; 2. K )1 P.
1.. "..P x N;2. Q x Pmate(matebyasupportedQueenasin Promotion was the zubjecr cf Ge
Chapter 5). On 1. R-K2; 2. Q x R, B x Q; S. N-87 43. 1. R-N3ch, K-B3;2. P )i F:a
(mate by two Knights as in Chapter 10.) Another possibility is 1. . . . ' Q x R mate. @lack mj+t L:iE .

crif;ce again following the guidelines of
47 rn:.te. (A King lacking escape squares
Ftr- Chapter 1.)
as i-n
t".ifre; move; 2. R-R8 mate. White can
[V:Q :h, R x Q; 3. Rx Rch, K-N4;
s-aie to promote the Pawn or win a piece
F,o :s so simple, especially if you
: Q, R x Bch; 3. K-Ql, B-K7ch; 4.
, K-Bl. B-R6ch; 6. K-N1, R-K8
nsua;ed i-n Chapter '1, the recognition of
rcri,n;e 3ssolding to Chaptet 17.)
Q, \--B7ch; 3. K-N2, B-R6 mate,
ten if you had mastered Chapter 9
cle-ar
by K-r.ight and Bishop. The Queen sacri-
e Fceition was clarified in Chapter 17.)
Q {ii 2. K-N1, R-88 mate), N-B8
ra-ce cepite its twemove sequence, but
yu: t--u;; understood Chapter 3 and then
1;.)
I x Nch. K-R4; 3. Q-N5 mate is a
oa 5 ciarifed in Chapter 5, while the
!- K-R+; 2. Q x RPch, N x Q; 3. P-
eq:::--1rg trnderstanding of Chapter 17 as
E q,Te oi attack spelled out in Chapter 1.
x Rca, R-81; 3. R x Rch, K-R2;
ra3te. (fhis direct mate with two
-RS11. ,.lepended on recognizing
7t= the im-
.erse:i Black's escape to his KN3.)
-R
l triate. (This
unusual example
a of
I rem.iiscent of mates by a Bishop, two
tr , -- j I \
ltt &Js -,)
wd- Tie threat is 2. Q-N8ch, R x N;
uute as rn Chapter 16). If Black plays
EBaIe (Eate by a supported Queen as in
i,-Kl; 2. Q x R, B x Q; S. N-B7
},apter 10,) Another possibility is 1. . . , .
ldeas 369
Answers to Quiz Review ol Checkmatel
R-K2; 2. Q x & fNl; 3. R--Q8 and on 3. . ,. r P x N; 4.
Q x Pmateor4.Q x Bmate,whileon3. B x Q;4.R x Q
mate (an Arab Mate as in Chapter 8)- Few chess poaitions demand
so thorough an understanding of mating ideas as this fne victory!
36. 1. R-B7ch, K-K3; 2. P-QSch, K-K4; 3. R-B4 mate. (In the
end it is mate by a Bishop after careful play with the Rooks. See
Cbapter 2.)
37. 1. R-R6ch, K X R (if. 1. .... P x R; 2. Q-NS mate);2. Q-
have R8ch, K-N3; 3. Q-nS mate. (A standard mate with the Queeq
as seen in Chapter 5, justifying the Rook sacrifice according to
Chapter 18.)
38. 1. Q x Bch, P x Q (o{r 1. " ". . K-Rl; 2. Q x P mate orR X P
mate); 2" N-B6ch, K-Rl; 3. R-R7 mate. (An Arab Mate again,
as in Chapter 8, with the Queen sacrifice therefore obvious, as Chap
ter t'l illustrated.)
39. 1. Nx Pch; 2. K-N4, P-R4ch; 3. K-R3, N-B7
mate or on 3. K-N5, B-R3 mate or B-B3 mate. (Illustrating the
mate by two Knights as in Chapter 10 and the mate with Ifuight and
Bishop as in Chapter 9.)
40. 1. Q x Nch, K x Q; 2. R x P, N x B; 3. P x N, K-Nl; 4.
R(1)-R1, Resigus. Mate can be delayed by some sacrifices but
cannot be avoided when White plays R-R8 mate. (A mate that
begins with a Long Diagonal Mate threat and turns into a mate by
two Rooks, as evident from mastery of Chapters 14 and 12.)
41. 1. Q x Pch, K x Q; 2" B-Rsch, K-R2; 3. B-B7ch, B-R3; 4.
R X Bch, K x R; 5. R-R 1 mate. (A beautiful example of the use
of a Queen sacrifice-see Chapter 17-to force a mate by Rook
and Bishops-see Chapter 7 ) fi Black declines the Queen sacrifice
by 1. K-81; 2. R-R8, Q-B2; 3. R x Rch, K x R; 4.
Q-K8ch, B-B1; 5. R-KRI (threatening mate by Rook and
Bishop by 6" R-R8 mate), FN2; 6. B x Q, K x B; 7. B-R5,
any move; 8. FB7ch, K-Rl; 9. B-N6ch, and mate follows.
42. 1. . " " . P-R.5, ffid White cannot prevent a Pawn from reaching
the eighth r4nk, becoming a Queen, and winning the game. Thus:
2. P x RP, P-N6; 3. P x NP, P x KP wins, while so does the
line played in the game; 2" K x P, P-B6; 3" P x BP, P-R6. @awn
Promotion was the subject of Chapter 21.)
43. 1. R-N3ch, K-B3; 2. P x Pch, K-K2; 3. R-N7ch, R-B2; 4.
Q x R mate. (Black might have delayed the mate a bit by 1. . . . .
370 Checkmatel

Q-N4; 2. R x Qch. Such mates by Queen and Rook are most

similar to those by two Rooks as clarffied by Chapter 12 as well as
mates by a supported Queen as in Chapter 5.)
44. 1. Q-R8ch, K x Q; 2. R x Rp dbl ch, K-Nl; 3. R-RS mate.
(A simple Long Diagonal Mate as in Chapter 14, the Queen sacri-
fice being automatic if you also understand Chapter 17.)
45. 1. N-N6ch, P x N; 2. Q-Ksch, K-QZ; 3. fK6 mate. If
Black plays 2. . . .. B-K3; 3. Q x B mate is also a victory on the
critical K6 square. (The position illustrates a Knight sacrifice to
vacate a key square-as in Chapter 2O-mate by a supported Queen
in Chapter 5-and is also an Epaulettes Mate in its first varia-
-as
tion-as in Chapter 6.)
46. 1..... R x Pch;2. K x R (rt2. K-Nl, fR4 can force mate),
Q-R4ch; 3. K-N1, N-R6ch; 4. K-R2, N-N4 dis ch; 5. K-
Nl, N-R6ch; with draw by perpetual check. (As reviewed in Chap-
ter 22, understanding of which would have led you at once to the
Rook sacrifice, as discussed in Chapter 18.)
47. 1. fn0ch, K-Nl; 2. R-N3ch, K-Bl; 3. Q-R6ch, K-K2;
4. Q-Q0 mate. (This is an Epaulettes Mate as discussed in Chapter
6, and depends on realization that the Black King on its K2 is in an
epaulettes position.) A simpler mate by a supported Queen (Chapter
5) follows 1. R-N3, Q-Bl o. FNl; 2. Q-B6ch, Q-N2; 3.
Qx Q mate. Another possibility is 1. R-N3, N-K3; 2. Q-B6ch,
N-N2;3.QxNmate.
48. 1. . . . . B-NSch and on 2. K-N2 or K-N3, B-B,4 dis ch wins
the White Queen. The mate follows 1. . ,. . B-Nsch;2. K-K4,
R-Klch and there are two mating continuations: a) K-Q3, B-
B4 mate or b) 3. K--Q5, B-B6ch; 4. Q-Ka, B X Q mate. (A
famous win with two Bishops as should have been evident if you had
mastered Chapter 11.)
49. 1. B-R6ch, K x R; 2. B-N7ch, K-N1 $ 2. K x B; 3.
Q-R6ch, K-Nl; 4. Q-R7 or R8 mate); 3. R-R8ch, K x B;
4. Q-R6 mate. (fhis double sacrifice-of Rook and Bishop-re-
quired understanding of Chapters 18 and 19 combined with compre-
hension of the mate by a supported Queen, as in Chapter 5.)
50. 1. N-R6ch, K-Rl; 2" N-B7ch, K-N1; 3. Q x Pch, K x Q;
4. R.-R7ch, K-Nl; 5. N-R6 mate. (A final position that is one
of the gems of the century, requiring a Queen sacrifice to force a mate
by a Knight and a supported Rook-all easy to find if you truly
understand Chapters 17 and 8.)
 (continued from front flap)
again as you too master the ideas that
lead to Cnrcrvrerr!

George Koltanowski, International

Chess Master and President of the
United States Chess federation, is
the most widely read of all American
chess journalists. The first college
professor of chess in the nation, a
leading tournament director, the star
of thousands of chess exhibitions, a
premiere "blindfold" chess player, a
television chess teacher, author of
dozens of chess books and articles-
"Kolty" is one of the most respected
figures in world chess circles as well
as those of the United States. He
lives in San Franscico, where his
daily chess column appears in the
Chronicle.

Dr. Milton Finkelstein has been a

major force in the development of
two generations of chess experts and
masters. An educator whose textbooks
are among the most widely used in
the United States, he lives in New
York City, where he is active at the
world-famous Marshall Chess Club.
His book, Self-taught Chess for Be-
ginners and lntermediates, was pub-
lished by Doubleday.

JACKET PHOTO BY ALEX GOTFRYD

IACKET TYPOGRAPHY BY HELEN LEE
rssN: 0-885-f2068-0
Printed in the U.S.A.
 I Learn how and when to open a file, in this case using
a discovered check to force mate.

BLACK MATES IN TWO MOVES

I Master standard attacks like the Arab Mate that
wins in this position.

WHITE MATES IN TWO MOVES

I Once you understand how to fortn and use a battery
-two or more pieces attacking the same square-
you will be able to use batteries to open lines and
force mates.

BLACK MATES IN THREE MOVES

Knowing the patterns of checkmates and how' to achiet'e them

is the most important concept a chess player can master. Crrrcr-
r"retr! teaches the chess threats that win games.