INSULATION

CO-ORDINATION
 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
INTRODUCTION
▪ Equipment insulation to withstand highest power frequency (PF)
system voltage, occasional temporary power frequency over
voltages, occasional lightning /switching surges reaching the
equipment.
▪ Insulation requirement is determined by
▪ Highest power frequency system voltage (continuous). During
light load period power frequency voltage at the receiving end
rises/.In a well regulated system the permissible maximum system
voltage allowed is the HIGHEST SYSTEM VOLTAGE. Each
equipment is designed and tested to withstand corresponding
highest power frequency system voltage continuously without any
internal/ external insulation failure.
▪ Temporary Power-Frequency Overvoltage. Caused by load
through off, faults, resonance etc. they are of lesser peak, lesser rate
of rise and of longer duration.
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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
INTRODUCTION
▪ IDMT overvoltage relays are used to provide protection against
temporary PF over voltages.
▪ Transient Overvoltage Surge: caused by lightning, travelling
waves etc. higher peak, high rate of rise. And last for hundreds of
microseconds.
▪ Breakdown of gaseous / liquid / solid insulations; flashover
between phase and earth; failure of transformer etc.
▪ Failure rate due to lightning and switching can be minimized by
➢ Insulation co-ordination
➢ Surge arrester protection.
➢ Also several protective devices are installed in the network to
intercept lightning strokes and to minimize the peak rate of rise
of surges.

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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
BASIC IMPULSE INSULATION LEVELS
▪ .reference levels expressed in impulse crest voltage with a standard
wave not longer than 1.2 / 50 µs wave.
▪ The 1.2/50 is termed as the standard lightning impulse voltage
having a front time of 1.2 µs ±30%, a time to half value of 50 µs
±20% and a peak value tolerance of ±3 %.

F igure 2 – Surge Voltage 1.5 by 4.0 Wave

▪ Equipment should be capable of withstanding test wave above

BIL
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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
▪ BIL for various reference class voltages (kV).

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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
▪ Co-ordination of insulation is some what analogous to the grading
of the fuses or other current limiting devices in the protection
against overcurrent.
▪ Similarly in protection against over voltage it is preferable to have
breakdown of insulation of some non-vital part than have
breakdown of insulation of some vital or inaccessible part.
▪ Preferable that line insulator should flash over rather than the
transformer bushing breakdown.
▪ Preferable to have transformer bushing breakdown rather than the
damage to the transformer winding.
▪ Insulation Co-ordination means the correlation of insulation of
various components in a power system to insulation of
protective devices used for protection of those equipment
against overvoltage.

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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
▪ Substation transformer, circuit breaker, bus bar etc. higher
insulation than surge absorber or lightning arrestor.

▪ For safe operation of the equipment it should have insulation

strength equal to or more than BIL and protective equipment
for substation should be chosen good protection corresponding
to the working level as economically as possible.
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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION

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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
▪ Protective margin = Equipment withstand level – Protective level of
lightning arrester.
▪ Protective margin may be expressed in term of percentage of
Equipment withstand level.
▪ Lightning impulse voltage withstand level = 1.2
Switching impulse voltage withstand level
▪ Protective Ratio= Impulse withstand Level of Equipment
Protection Level of Lightning arrestor
▪ IEC and IS specifies
1. Normal power-frequency system
2. Highest power-frequency system voltage
3. Required lightning impulse voltage
4. Required switching impulse voltage level
5. Protective levels of lightning arrestor
6. Withstand levels of equipment against 2,3,4.
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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION between
Lines and Substations
Lines normally insulated , Substation Over insulated.

▪ Used for grounded over head lines.

▪ Ensures flash over at or near the point of strike
▪ Precaution taken to avoid damage to line insulators.
▪ Adequate protection at the substation
▪ Substation subjected to chopped wave, which can be easily limited
to safer value.

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 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
Lines Over insulated , Substation normally insulated.

▪ Used for wooden pole over head lines.

▪ Reducing the risk of flash over and damage to over head lines
▪ Substation are subjected to high surges.
▪ Adequate protection at the substation is taken.
▪ Selection of proper rating and location of the lightning arrestors.
▪ .

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