Calculate the work that is required to pump the water through an upper opening out of a vertical cylindrical barrel

with
base radius R and altitude H. 

Solution:
To find the work, we take a thin representative slice with thickness dz at a height z from the bottom of the barrel. The
mass of the slice is
dm= ρdV =ρAdz=πρ R2 dz

To pump out this volume of water out of the barrel, we need to raise it to the height H. The work required for this is
given by the expression
2
dW =dm ⋅g ( H −z )=πρg R ( H−z ) dz

The total amount of work is found by integration from z=0 to z=H:

H H H 2 2 2
W =∫ dW =∫ πρg R ( H −z ) dz=πρg R
2 2
∫ ( H−z ) dz=πρg R2 ( Hz− z2 )∨¿0H = πρg R2 H
¿
0 0 0

https://math24.net/topics-calculus.html#applications-integrals
Find the work required to produce a conical pile of sand with base radius R and altitude H

Solution:
Take a thin cylindrical slice with thickness dz at a height z from the base of the cone. Using the similarity of triangles,
we can write the following proportion:
r H −z R ( H−z )
= , ⇒r=
R H H

The mass of the slice is given by

2πρ R2 ( H−z )2
dm= ρdV =πρ r dz= 2
dz
H

Assuming that the work is required to overcome gravity, we have

2
πρg R ( 2
dW =dm ⋅ gz= 2
H−z ) zdz
H
where dW denotes the elementary work necessary to pour the layer of sand at height z.
To calculate the total work, we integrate from z=0 to z=H:

H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 2 2 3 4
πρg R
W =∫ dW =
H
2 ∫ ( H−z ) zdz = πρgH 2R
2
∫ ( H −2 Hz+ z ) zdz = πρgH 2R
2 2
∫ ( H 2 z −2 H z2+ z3 ) dz = πρgH 2R (
H z 2H z z
2
−
3
+ )∨
4
0 0 0 0
https://math24.net/topics-calculus.html#applications-integrals
The dimensions of the Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Cheops) are as follows:
height H=140m, side of the square base a=200m. Assuming that the pyramid was built of limestone with density
kg
of p=2500 3 , estimate the total work done in its building.
m
Consider a thin slice in the pyramid with thickness dz drawn z units from the vertex.

Solution:
az
The side length of the slice is  . Hence, the mass of the slice is
H

( )
2 2
az ρa
dm= ρdV =ρ dz= 2 z 2 dz
H H

We assume that the work is done by gravity, so for our representative slice, the work is given by
2
ρg a
dW =dm ⋅g ( H −z )= 2 ( H−z ) z2 dz
H

The total work done in building the pyramid is

( )
H H 2 2 H 2 3 4 2 4 4 2 2
ρg a ρg a ( ρg a H z z ρg a H H ρg a H
W =∫ dW =∫ ( H −z ) z dz= 2 ∫ H z −z dz= 2 (
)
2 2 3 H
− )∨¿ 0 = 2 − = ¿
0 0 H
2
H 0 H 3 4 H 3 4 12

Substituting the values for the Great Pyramid yields

2500 ⋅9.8 ⋅ 2002 ⋅ 1402

W Cheops = ≈ 1.6 ×1012 ( J ) .
12
https://math24.net/topics-calculus.html#applications-integrals
A force of 50N is required to stretch a spring 10cm beyond its natural length. How much work will be done stretching
the spring 20cm from its natural length?

Solution:
According to Hooke's law,
F=kx

Hence, the spring constant is equal to

F 50
k= =
x 0.1
=500
N
m ( )
where the displacement x is measured in meters: x = 10cm = 0.1m
To find the work done by the external force, we integrate from x = 0 to x = 20 = 0.2 m

0.2 0.2
500 x 2 0.2 500 ×0.22
W =∫ kxdx =∫ 500 xdx= ∨¿0 = =10 ( J ) ¿
0 0 2 2
https://math24.net/force-work-energy.html
Calculate the work that has to be done to raise a body of mass m from the Earth's surface to an altitude ℎ. What is the
work if the body is removed to infinity?

Solution.

Assuming the radius of Earth is R, the mass of Earth is M, and acceleration due to gravity at its surface is g, we write the
gravitational force acting on the body at the Earth's surface in the form
mM
F 0=G 2 =mg
R

GM
where G is the gravitational constant, and  g= 2 is the acceleration due to gravity.
R

At a certain height x, the gravitational force is given by

2 2
mM mM R mg R
F ( x )=G =G =
( R+ x )2 ( R+ x )2 R 2 ( R+ x )2

The work to raise the body to an altitude ℎ is determined through integration:

h h h
W =∫ F ( x ) dx=∫
0
mg R2
0 ( R+ x )
2
dx=mg R
2
∫ dx
0 ( R+ x )
2
=mg R
2 −1
(
R+ x
)∨¿
h
0 =mg R
2 −1
(
+
R+h R
1
=mg) R2 h
R ( R+ h )
=mg
Rh
R+h
¿

https://math24.net/force-work-energy.html