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    This document discusses biological operations for fermentation processes. It covers the fundamentals of metabolism and material balances in fermentation. It describes the objectives of fermentation including preparation, processing, exploitation, and preservation of materials. It also discusses the transformations that can occur to raw materials through biological, biochemical, chemical, physico-chemical and physical processes during fermentation. Finally, it outlines some key technological factors that influence fermentation, including microbial strain selection, medium optimization, fermentation methods and conditions, and equipment selection.

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    This document discusses biological operations for fermentation processes. It covers the fundamentals of metabolism and material balances in fermentation. It describes the objectives of fermentation including preparation, processing, exploitation, and preservation of materials. It also discusses the transformations that can occur to raw materials through biological, biochemical, chemical, physico-chemical and physical processes during fermentation. Finally, it outlines some key technological factors that influence fermentation, including microbial strain selection, medium optimization, fermentation methods and conditions, and equipment selection.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    3 views13 pages

    Biological Operations

    Uploaded by

    thái học “hochaha”
    This document discusses biological operations for fermentation processes. It covers the fundamentals of metabolism and material balances in fermentation. It describes the objectives of fermentation including preparation, processing, exploitation, and preservation of materials. It also discusses the transformations that can occur to raw materials through biological, biochemical, chemical, physico-chemical and physical processes during fermentation. Finally, it outlines some key technological factors that influence fermentation, including microbial strain selection, medium optimization, fermentation methods and conditions, and equipment selection.

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    of 13

    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    CONTENTS

    1. Fundamentals
    2. Objective and application
    3. Transformations of raw materials
    4. Technological factors
    5. Equipments

    Van Viet Man LE 1


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    1. Fundamentals
     Metabolism
     Organism:
     Cell level
     Plant cell
     Animal cell
     Microbial cell
     Plant
     Animal

    Fermentation
    Van Viet Man LE 2
    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    1
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    1. Fundamentals
     Material balance
    Substrates + Inoculum Microbial biomass + Exo-metabolites
    + residual substrates

     Type of products:
     Culture
     Culture without biomass
     Metabolite
     Biomass

    Van Viet Man LE 3


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    2. Objective and application
    2.1. Objective

     Preparation

     Processing

     Exploitation

    Van Viet Man LE 4


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    2
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    2. Objective and application
    2.1. Objective

     Preservation

     Improvement

    Van Viet Man LE 5


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    2. Objective and application
    2.2. Application Raw materials
    Microorganism
    Medium preparation
    Inoculum
    preparation Inoculating

    Fermentation

    Product recovery

    Product
    Van Viet Man LE 6
    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    3
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    2. Objective and application
    2.2. Application

    Carbohydrate Vitamin

    Protein Metabolism Minerals

    Lipid Others

    Van Viet Man LE 7


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    2. Objective and application
    2.2. Application

     Carbohydrate metabolism
     Carbohydrate catabolism

     Ethanol fermentation

     Lactic acid fermentation

     Propionic acid fermentation

     Carbohydrate anabolism
    Van Viet Man LE 8
    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    4
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    2. Objective and application
    2.2. Application

     Protein metabolism
     Protein catabolism

     Low level

     High level

     Protein anabolism

    Van Viet Man LE 9


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    3. Transformations of raw
    material

    3.1. Biological

     Microbial growth and


    metabolism

    Van Viet Man LE 10


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    5
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    3. Transformations of raw material
    3.1. Biological

     Monod equation:
    µexpo = (µexpomax * [S])/(Ks + [S])
    µexpo: Specific growth rate during the exponential phase
    [S]: Initial substrate concentration in the medium
    Ks: saturation constant

    Van Viet Man LE 11


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    3. Transformations of raw material
    3.1. Biological

    Van Viet Man LE 12


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    6
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    3. Transformations of raw material
    3.1. Biological

     Note

     Disadvantages of Monod equation

     Application

    Van Viet Man LE 13


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    3. Transformations of raw material
    3.1. Biological

     Kinetics X=f(t), P=f(t) and S=f(t)

    3.2. Biochemical
     Exo-/ endo-metabolic reactions
     Products/ By-products

    3.3. Chemical
     Substrates
     Products
    Van Viet Man LE 14
    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    7
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    3. Transformations of raw material
    3.4. Physico-chemical
     Dissolution
     Coagulation

    3.5. Physical
     Temperature
     Density

    Van Viet Man LE 15


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    4. Technological factors
     Microbial strain
     Metabolite
     Culture

    Selection of suitable strain for fermentation


    industry

    Van Viet Man LE 16


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    8
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    4. Technological factors
     Medium
     Fundamental elements
     Minerals
     Growth factors

    Optimization of qualitative and quantitative


    composition of the medium

    Van Viet Man LE 17


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    4. Technological factors
     Fermentation method
     According to the physical state of the medium: solid
    medium, liquid medium
     According to the working procedure: batch, fed-
    batch, continuous fermentation

    Selection of fermentation method

    Van Viet Man LE 18


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    9
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    4. Technological factors
     Fermentation conditions
     Inoculum size
     Temperature
     Oxygen supply
     Time…

    Optimization of fermentation conditions

    Van Viet Man LE 19


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    5. Equipments
     Selection of fermenter
     Classical fermenter

     Industrial fermenter:
     Mechanization
     Automation

    Van Viet Man LE 20


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    10
    11/1/2016

    Van Viet Man LE 21


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    Van Viet Man LE 22


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    11
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    5. Equipments

     Production line
     Inoculum preparation
     Fermentation
     Sterility

    Van Viet Man LE 23


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    5. Equipments

     Fermentation control
    P
    S
    X
     Others

    Van Viet Man LE 24


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    12
    11/1/2016

    BIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
    5. Equipments
     Evaluation of fermentation performance
     Metabolite production: Product concentration/ yield

     Culture: Food quality

     Hygiene in the production line

    Van Viet Man LE 25


    Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

    13

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