TRACING SIKHISM IN PUNJAB-STATE OF THE ART COMPLEX

Submitted by
Manahil Khan
f2018101047

Supervisors
Prof. Dr. Saima Gulzar
Ar. Arsala Hashmi

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
Session: 2018-2023
 TRACING SIKHISM IN PUNJAB- STATE OF THE ART COMPLEX

Submitted By
Manahil Khan
f2018101047

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelors in Architecture

Supervisors
Prof. Dr. Saima Gulzar
Ar. Arsala Hashmi

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY,
LAHORE

2018-2023
Thesis presented to the Department of Architecture, University of Management and
Technology for the Degree of Bachelors of Architecture
 Thesis presented to the Department of Architecture, University of Management and
Technology for the Degree of Architecture

TRACING SIKHISM IN PUNJAB-STATE OF THE ART COMPLEX

Submitted by Manahil Khan

Student ID F2018101047
Supervised by Dr. Saima Gulzar
Ar. Arsala Hashmi

Chairperson of the Department of Architecture

Name: Dr. Sana Malik
Signature

Dean of the Department of Architecture

Name: Dr. Fariha Tariq
Signature

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
LAHORE
ABSTRACT
Sikhism was started from Punjab years ago, with a small community at hand and went
globally at present, which is observed to be vanishing from the origin that is Punjab. The
aim is to trace and regenerate Sikhism from where it was started; Kartarpur which holds
historical significance in Sikhism and a universal shrine is located there has been opened
for pilgrims after years. The place needs to grow more in sense of economic opportunities
as it has made a global impact.
The methodology used for analyzing user experience of the space is through quantitative
approach. Which concludes that a complex should be built giving opportunities for
business and economic values, educational and learning, delegate accommodation,
recreational living spaces.

Keywords: Sikhism, Kartarpur, Sikh architecture, historical significance.

I
UNDERTAKING
I verify that the research work titled “ Tracing Sikhism in Punjab-State of the art
Complex” is my own work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment.
Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly
acknowledged/referred.

Signature of Student
Manahil Khan
f2018101047

II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

III
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………
Undertaking ……………………………………………………………………
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………..
List of figures ………………………………………………………………….
List of tables……………………………………………………………………

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project title………………………………………………………………………
1.2 Thesis statement ……………………………………………………………….
1.3 Project Overview………………………………………………………….……
1.4 Need of the Project…………………………………………………………….
1.5 Client……………………………………………………………………………
1.6 Aims and Objectives …………………………………………………………..
1.7 Scope of the Project ……………………………………………………………
1.8 Methodology ………………………………………………………………….
1.9 Limitations…………………………………………………………………….
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sikhism ………………………………………………………………………..
2.2 Sikh ……………………………………………………………………………
2.3 Sikhism in Punjab …………………………………………………………….
2.4 Kartarpur Sahib: last Abode of Guru Nanak…………………………………..
2.5 Sikhism and its Architecture …………………………………………………..
2.6 Elements……………………………………………………………………….
2.7 The Components ……………………………………………………………….

IV
2.7.1 Convention Center …………………………………………………………………
2.7.1.1 What is convention center?…………………………………………………….
2.7.1.2. Spaces of Convention Center ………………………………………………….
2.7.1.3 Circulation ………………………………………………………………………
2.7.1.4.. Zoning …………………………………………………………………………
2.7.1.5. Services …………………………………………………………………………
2.7.1.6. Egress and Ingress ………………………………………………………………
2.7.2. Museum ………………………………………………………………………….
2.7.2.1. Served Space ………………………………………………………………….
2.7.2.2. Servant Space…………………………………………………………………
2.7.2.3. Ancillary Space ………………………………………………………………
2.7.2.4. Layout of Small Museum ……………………………………………………
2.7.2.5 Display Heights ………………………………………………………………
2.7.2.6. Circulation …………………………………………………………………..
2.7.2.5.1. External Circulation …………………………………………………….
2.7.2.5.2. Internal Circulation ……………………………………………………….
2.7.2.7. Lighting ………………………………………………………………………
2.7.2.7.1. Natural Lighting ……………………………………………………………
2.7.2.7.2. Artificial Lighting ………………………………………………………..
2.7.3. Library ………………………………………………………………………….
2.7.3.1. Space Requirement considering population …………………………………
2.7.3.2. Public Zone ………………………………………………………………….
2.7.3.3. Support Zone ………………………………………………………………..
2.7.3.4. Ancillary zone ……………………………………………………………….
2.7.3.5 Shelving Aisles ………………………………………………………………
2.7.3.6. Seating for readers ………………………………………………………….
Chapter 3: CASE STUDIES

V
3.1. Hyderabad International Convention Center ………………………………………
3.1.1. Intent of Study ………………………………………………………………..
3.1.2. Plans ……………………………………………………………………………
3.1.3. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………..
3.2. Hyeden Alyen Center …………………….…………………………………………
3.2.1. Intent of Study ………………………………………………………………….
3.2.2. Plans ……………………………………………………………………………
3.2.3. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….
3.3. Expo Center, Lahore ……………………………………………………………….
3.3.1. Intent of Study …………………………………………………………………
3.3.2. Features ………………………………………………………………………….
3.3.3. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….
3.4. Serena Hotel, Islamabad ……………………………………………………………
3.4.1. Intent of Study ………………………………………………………………….
3.4.2. Features ………………………………………………………………………..
3.4.2. Spacial Zoning …………………………………………………………………..
3.4.3. Building Zoning ………………………………………………………………..
3.4.4. Plans ……………………………………………………………………………
3.4.5. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………..
Chapter 4: SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Site Overview ………………………………………………………………………
4.2. Site Selection Criteria …………………………………………………………
4.3.Site Analysis ………………………………………………………………………
4.3.1. Macro and Meso Analysis …………………………………………………
4.3.2. Cultural and Social Context ………………………………………………
4.3.2.1. Neighbourhood Context ……………………………………………….
4.3.2.2. Activity and Land Use ………………………………………………..

VI
 4.3.3. Physical Context …………………………………………………………..
4.3.3.1. Site Dimensions ………………………………………………………..
4.3.3.2. Site and Existing Uses …………………………………………………..
4.3.3.3. Circulation ………………………………………………………………
4.3.3.4. Accessibility Network ………………………………………………….
4.3.3.5. Services ………………………………………………………………..
4.3.4. Climate and Sensory Context ……………………………………………..
4.3.4.1. Sun path and Shadow Patterns………………………………………….
4.3.4.2. Wind Direction ………………………………………………………….
4.3.4.3. Sensory towards and From Site …………………………………………
4.3.4.4. Narrative of Site …………………………………………………………
4.3.5. User Analysis ………………………………………………………………
4.3.6. Conclusions …………………………………………………………………
Chapter 5: ARCHITECTURAL PRO GRAM
5.1. Convention Center ………………………………………………………………
5.2. Small Museum ………………………………………………………………….
5.3. Library …………………………………………………………………………
5.4. Five star Hotel

VII
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT TITLE
TRACING SIKHISM IN PUNJAB
It will trace the Sikh architecture in Punjab the place from where it was originated and
had been vanished from.

1.2 THESIS STATEMENT

STATE OF THE ART COMPLEX
It will be a place where while using modern technologies and techniques we will revive
the historical significance of the place and surely revive Sikhism as well, promoting
cultural integration.

1.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW

In our society we can observe the influence of Sikhism in traditions, language; but it's
very muted. Looking into Punjab’s, Peshawar’s, Wah’s customs one can observe that
they originated from Sikhism. And exploring them we learn that these were traced back
from Lahore and vicinity areas.
500 years ago Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji who has spent most of his
time in Punjab and living with tribes giving them guidance of peace and love.
Sikh’s who have ruled for 100 years in Punjab have been seen vanishing from there
except for a few holy sites.
Guru Nanak said that the religion will regenerate itself after 1000 years, it was observed
that on 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak’s the Kartarpur Corridor was inaugurated, a
second holiest site for Sikhs, which gave them a reassurance and strengthen their faith of
regeneration of Sikhism.
Kartarpur from where the first community was formed and where Guru Nanak spent his
last 18 years of life. Such is the emotional pull of this site that on the Indian side of the
border a viewing platform has been constructed where people can use binoculars to gain a
look at the temple.

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1.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT
To be woke and conscious of the history of land and let people maintain their connection
to it.

1.5 CLIENT
It will be under Federal Government also the Sikh community.

1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

● The aim of this thesis is to trace and regenerate Sikh architecture in Punjab from
where it started; it is observed that it has vanished from here.
● To design a building that will have the potential to revive the historical presence
and architecture of the place.
● To have a source for more economic opportunities
● To educate people about the virtues of social and religious harmony and promote
the mutual coexistence of friendship.
● To build a center for collaborative spaces and social events.
● Promoting cultural integration
● Aims to create emotionally charged spaces to aid the reconciliation of people
separated by border with each other. Helping them to give relief of years of
separation.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

As the youngest religion globally the proximity of Sikh religion is noticeable, even tough
they are just 20 million in the world. Since the immersion of Sikh community the struggle
for representation of Sikh identity has been persistent and a perennial concern. This study
illustrates how the Sikh community seeks strategic advantage by using culturally coded
skills.
The present research has illustrated aspects of self-representation and regeneration as
expressed in the way the Sikh community responds, reacts, innovates, transforms, and
reinvents its core in the light of changing demands of the context. Making and

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maintaining one’s culture is a persistent, unrelenting and an on-going process. Its an
activity that is evolving day by day.

1.8 METHODOLOGY
1.8.1 Research based data
Research was done to learn more in depth about Sikhism, their philosophy, origin and
their architectural practices and elements of their design.
1.8.2 Case Study based data
Cased studies were done for different architectural programs to learn about the spaces
and their arrangement of planning.
1.8.3 Questionnaire and interviews
Questionnaire and interviews were generated in order to analyze data of people’s
experience of the place as well as analyzing the type of and number of users.

1.9 LIMITATIONS
● Security issues in case of a red alert
● User access limitation
● The exact statistics of number of visitors

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 SIKHISM
The Sikh faith, which was established more than 500 years ago, was a way of life and
philosophy that was far ahead of its time. It now has more than 20 million followers
worldwide. Sikhism preaches a message of adoration and perpetual remembrance of God,
of genuine life, of human equality, of social justice, and of condemnation of superstitions
and blind rituals. The teachings of Sikhism 10 Gurus, which are preserved in the Sikh
Holy Book and Living Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib, are accessible to all.
2.2 SIKH

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The word 'Sikh' in the Punjabi language means 'disciple', Sikhs are the disciples of God
who follow the writings and teachings of the Ten Sikh Gurus.
2.3 SIKHISM AND PUNJAB
Despite being a small minority at home, the Punjab is the origin of a relatively significant
Sikh diaspora. Each year, more and more of them come to Pakistan because of their
enduring ties to the country where the founding Gurus lived.
Sikh shrines and monuments are jewels of our cultural heritage in addition to being
testaments to local history. More importantly, the Sikhs and Muslims share profound ties
of kinship that transcend cultural, national boundaries and governmental systems.
Today, Sikhs in Pakistan coexist peacefully with their fellow citizens, and there is
increasing comfort and goodwill between Muslims and Sikhs who go from all over the
world to visit the sacred sites.
The gurdwara and shrine serve as a reflection of the Sikh community's spiritual and
religious beliefs. The sacred scripture of Sri Guru Granth Sahib is written in metrical
Punjabi, and as the Sikh religion was founded in the Punjab, the local spirit is evident in
the architecture and customs. The religious shrines' construction exhibits the same native
rhythm and harmony.
Pre-partition Punjab had a total population of 12–13% Sikhs, yet despite this, they stood
out both as an individual and as a group due to their active participation in both war and
peace. They led the independence movement from the front. A majority of Sikhs left the
subcontinent at the same time, moving to East Punjab, leaving a small Sikh community
and more than 150 ancient temples and revered sites in their wake.
2.4 KARTARPUR SAHIB: Last Abode of Guru Nanak
Situated on Indo-Pak border on Pakistani side Kartarpur is a place where Guru Nanak
spent his last 18 years and even passed away 469 years ago. Because both sects Hindus
and Muslims were Nanak's followers, it is an intriguing aspect of the story that makes it
worldwide. When Nanak abandoned his mortal body, the issue of whether he should be
cremated in a Hindu or Islamic manner emerged. He was claimed by both of them. There
are myths, yet three mausoleums still stand at Kartarpur, which is the grim truth of the
present. A Samadh and a Grave are located in Pakistani land, and the third one, a tomb
for each group, is located on Indian soil. Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh. Then there is River
Ravi, who is encircling Kartarpur with a garland. Is is the result of this that Kartarpur is a
universal shrine

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2.5 SIKHISM AND ITS ARCHITECTURE
"Inspired by Guru Nanak’s creative mysticism, Sikh architecture is a mute harbinger of
holistic humanism based on pragmatic spirituality”
Architecture is a key component of a culture's identity. Communities divided by
geography, ideology, language, and spiritual path have built architectural structures to
symbolize their cultures throughout time and space. Similar to this, the distinctive feature
of Sikh architecture is how its Gurudwaras depict spiritual themes (the Sikh place of
worship).
The qualities of progressiveness, exquisite complexity, austere beauty, and logical
flowing lines are the hallmarks of Sikh architecture. This type of architecture was first
utilized in Sikhism, but because of its beauty, many non-religious buildings have adopted
it.
Their secular structures, which include forts, palaces, samadhs (mausoleums constructed
over cremation sites), havelis (fortified homes), bungas (residential and educational
buildings), and educational institutions, are no different from the contemporary style,
which is typically a fusion of Mughal and Rajput architecture or, as described by art
historian Percy Browne, a late form of the Mughal style of architecture.
When classified according to their plan form, buildings of the Sikh Shrines are of four
basic forms, the square, the rectangular, the octagonal and the rarely used cruciform.
Unlike Hinduism Sikhs are not superstitious. In reflection of this they don’t have a
specified orientation for their buildings assigned. It is analyzed from the placement of
their buildings in Punjab that they are placed looking into the context of the location.
The facade of the buildings are keenly looked into as in the carving details on windows
and parapets.
The scale of the Sikh buildings is a prominent feature. The proportions and scale of the
building is perfectly balanced.
Another prominent feature is water body in their complexes.
Sikh architecture is fundamentally eclectic [universal] in nature, which is a fitting
reflection of the diverse elements of the Sikh faith. It has a similar core to imported
monotheism and a similar rich exuberance to native polytheism. Sikh architecture has not
only succeeded at this, but also to the point of developing its own architectural quirks.
2.6 ELEMENTS

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Sikh architecture is a lively blend of the Mughal and Rajput styles.
 Onion-shaped domes
 multi-foil arches
 paired pilasters,
 in-lay work, frescoes, etc.
 oriel windows,
 bracket supported eaves at the string course
 chattris
 richly ornamented friezes

Onion dome
Multi foil arches

Oriel windows
Parapets carvings
2.7 THE COMPONENTS
The whole project is divided into four
components,
 Convention Center
 Museum of history and art
 Five star Hotel
 Library

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Based on these four components literature studies has been done
corresponding to the similar case studies.
2.7.1 Convention Center
2.7.1.1 What is convention center ?
A place where a lot of people gather of common interest for business
meetings, events and cultural activities and takes place.
2.7.1.2 Spaces of convention center
Meeting spaces
Functional areas
Ballrooms
Multipurpose spaces
Exhibit halls
2.7.1.3 Circulation
Circulation Area primary circulation is the main circulation route
connecting to the building core and common spaces, such as elevators and exit
stairs. Secondary circulation includes the aisles between individual spaces
such as offices, and support spaces.
2.7.1.4 Zoning
Zones may be defined on the basis of their usage public and private zones,
services zone.
2.7.1.5 services
Acoustics
AHU
Electric Supply
Water Supply

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Vertical circulation
Storage
Control room
2.7.1.6 egress and ingress
Managing access of vehicular and of people. Public and private entry points
should be considered.
2.7.2 MUSEUM
The basic objective of museum is to collect, preserve, study and exhibit
significant objects of the community and provide related educational services
in order to increase public knowledge and stimulate creative activity.
2.7.2.1 served space (Public zone.)
These spaces are directly devoted to the communication or interactive spaces
like display galleries, lecture rooms, books, classrooms and PC counters.
2.7.2.2 servant space (private zone)
These are the area devoted to serve the served space these include, mechanic
room, control room, office, janitor room, collection room. Such areas are not
accessed by the public.
2.7.2.3 Ancillary space (personal zone)
These are the areas of personal or social importance they include restaurants
and washrooms.
2.7.2.4 Layout of small museum

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2.7.2.5 Display heights

2.7.2.6 Circulation
2.7.2.6.1 External Circulation
Based on the areas

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 Circulation of visitors
Circulation of staff
Circulation goods, objects etc.
2.7.2.6.2 Internal Circulation
The internal circulation should be such as that
visitors don’t don’t have to turn around for taking an
exit and going through the room they have already seen.
See fig
There should be an area from where the visitor should
be able to decide to which gallery space they like to
visit.
Planning is on great extent is influenced by the viewing
sequence
2.7.2.7 Lighting
2.7.2.7.1. Natural Lighting
It can be given by means of atrium or cut spaces, mainly preferred north
light.
2.7.2.7.2. Artificial lighting
Vertical lighting
Side lighting
Florescent lighting
Internal case lighting
External lighting
Lighting from below as well from above
Strip lighting , back lighting.

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2.7.3. LIBRARY
Libraries serve a crucial role in society as portals to knowledge and culture.
They provide resources and services that foster learning opportunities,
encourage literacy and education, and aid in the development of fresh
viewpoints and ideas that are essential to the development of an innovative
and creative society.
2.7.3.1. Space requirement considering the population

2.7.3.2. Public space

These spaces will be accessed by public
Space for books
Space fr readers
Group meetings
2.7.3.3. support zone
The zone that supports the whole library.
Administration office
Staff
Librarian office
Storage
Archive, mechanical room.

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2.7.3.4. personal zone
Toilets, elevators, stairways, cafe, etc.

2.7.3.5 Shelving Aisles

2.7.3.6. Seating for readers

This can be arranged in groups or

individual seating. Considering the
proper circulation spaces

CHAPTER III
CASE STUDIES

Page 12
 CASE STUDY-1

3.1. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER

3.1.1. Location
Cyber city, Hyderabad
Architect: Emaar Group
Area: 60,000sqm; 15 acres
Capacity: 5000 delegates
Green gold certified
State-of-the-art venue for international exhibitions, conferences, trade shows, and
corporate events.
3.1.2. Intent of study
To study spatial planning
Planning
300 cars on the surface, 1000 plus cars in the basement, caters to 25 buses.
Circulation
Delegate flow- eastern side
Staff flow- eastern side
Public flow- western side
Zoning
Horizontal
1st-delegates visiting center
2nd-halls
3rd-services
4th-admin
Vertical

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Based on segregated users F.F
G.F -board room
-reception -business center
-organizers office -gallery seating
-main convention halls -flexible rooms
-restaurants
S.F
-flexible halls
-V.I. P
MAIN CONVENTION
56% coverage; 6480sqft. Divided into 6 smaller halls height 40ft
HALLS
TOTAL AREA; 6150SQM
HT 40ft
HALLS #1 AND 2 classroom:105 pax
-size: 95’x49’
HALL# 3
Type of seating
- theatre: 240pax - size: 190’x 108’
-round table: 120pax Type of seating
-Cabaret: 96pax theatre: 1056pax
round table: 560pax

HALL# 4 HALLS #5 AND 6

-size: 190’x108’ -size: 95’x49’
type of seating Type of seating
Cabaret: 448pax - theatre: 2624pax
-classroom: 534pax -round tables: 1220pax
Cabaret: 1072pax
-classroom: 1206pax

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Style of seating
Classroom
style

3.1.3. Plans

Ground Floor Plan

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First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

3.1.4. Conclusion
The planning and flow of the building is well organized in a sense that points for entry
and exit of delegates, staff and public flow are separated. The seating arrangement for
every hall is different according to the size and capacity of the halls. Though the internal
planning and in not very aesthetically pleasing for a user.

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 CASE STUDY-2
3.2. HEYDAN ALIYEN CENTER
3.2.1 Location
Cultural Center, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Architect: Zaha Hadid architects
Year: 2013
Area: 101801sqm; 25 acres
Noted for its distinctive architecture.
The center is designed to become the primary building for the nation’s cultural programs.
3.2.2. Intent of Study
To study spatial arrangement
Contains three major programs: museums, exhibition halls, and convention centers. Three
spaces are separated from each other and have their own entry and exits. Also share same
common spaces.

MASTER
PLAN

MULTIFUNCTIONAL HALLS

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Halls divided into three smaller ones
Hall spans 88ft, height 35ft.
CONVENTION CENTER
Used for convention and music performances
-Auditorium
- -1200 Seats
-HT 60FT
Span 91FT
- SECTION 4 LEVELS
2 Multifunctional conference halls
Meeting rooms
Media center
MUSEUM
Museum going up to 9 floors
- exhibition halls
- administrative office
- restaurant
- Temporary gallery
- permanent gallery

ARRANGEMENT
The final design of the structure was influenced by these three roles as well as the various
height requirements. The huge, multi-story library is at the back, and the conference
centre and auditorium are on the side. The three programme come together in a lobby that
can host many events at once. The remaining passageways and components flow fluidly
within and outside of one another. The final result is a continuous architectural form that
blends into the surrounding environment..

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3.2.3. PLANS

Page 19
3.2.4. CONCLUSION
The building is known for its unique architecture form and style. The three key
components museum, auditorium, convention center all revolves around the central
atrium and around the courtyard. These three functions have varied heights which
eventually helped in the final form. The three spaces are separated from each other and
have their own entry and exits at the same time they merge around the lobby which can
hold several people at the same time. The arrangement through the levels of the buildings
have given the proper layout.

CASE STUDY -3
3.3. EXPO CENTER, LAHORE
3.3.1. Location
Abdul Haque road, Johar
Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
Architect: Nayyar Ali Dada,
NESPAK
Area: 7.9 kanals; 4000 sq m;
43,000 sq ft
Year: 2010
3.3.2. Intent of study
To study convention center’s capacity and sizes.
Features
Foyer, main auditorium, mini auditorium, summit
room, 6 meeting rooms.
3.3.3. Main Auditorium
Size and capacity; 820 seats
Stage size: length: 60ft; width: 43ft

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Mini Auditorium
size and capacity; 200 seats
stage size; length: 33ft; width: 20ft

Foyer

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Used for dining services with 300 seats
Size: length: 150ft; width: 40ft
Summit room
Rectangular table with 44 seats along with 60 individual seats behind the table.
Meeting room
-2 large rooms
25 seats with front tables, 60 individual seats
-4 small rooms
10 seats with front tables, 20 individual seats
3.3.4. CONCLUSION
● The capacity of the auditoriums catering people
● The flow of the planning layout is properly managed
● The aesthetics and ambiance of the building has been keenly looked into
● The flow of the planning of auditoriums is well controlled for front and back of the
house
● The ingress and egress points of staff, VIPs, and employees have been well
managed.

CASE STUDY-4
3.4. SERENA HOTEL
3.4.1. Location
Islamabad, Pakistan.
Architect: Nayyar Ali dada
Owner: tourism promotion service
Pakistan limited.
Rating: 5-star deluxe hotel
Area: 14 acres

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Year built: 2002
3.4.2. Intent of study
To study special arrangement, facilities, and special sizes.
3.4.3. Facilities
Brief description of facilities
- 336 rooms and 51 suites
- total 5 floors (2 basements, ground, mezzanine)
- -4 restaurants
- Lobby come art gallery
- The Maisha health and spa club
3.4.4. Spatial zoning
Public zone - Office building
- Parking
- Courtyard
- Permit room
- Swimming pool
- Storage
- Lawn
- Parking
- BBQ area

3.4.5. Building zoning

Private zone
Public zone - Swimming pool
- Porch Private zone
- Front of the house
- Back of the house
- Banquet hall
- Laundry
- Meeting room
- Mechanical or plant room
- Exhibition area
- Main kitchen
- Gym
- Storage
- Steam room
Interior

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Space is fluid and flows horizontally as well as vertically. The scale of these spaces is
tailored to, intimate human scale.

Exterior
A mixture of Islamic and modern architecture, the face gives
an interesting look. Plain white theme with wood is properly
balanced. Wooden balconies and glass windows.

Rooms and bathrooms

the interior is inspired by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and
Punjab. Each room relishes either view of
Margalla Hills and Rawal Lake. Rooms are given on
choice whether you want Margalla wing or Rawal
wing. Smoke free rooms have been designed.
Dining
Five-star hotel come with lavish cuisine in the package. Where people pay for a
comfortable stay, they also want to experience not only good food but also good setting.

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Serena Islamabad offers eight different restaurants with different menu and, interior and
theme.
Health club
The health club at Serena is very special. The surrounding are the very essence of peace
and tranquility. In this day and age of fengshui and aromatherapy, the ancient design of
Moorish baths is resurrected in the modern structure and houses separate areas for men
and women.
It has the following facilities:
∙ Exercise Machine ∙ Steam Bath and Sauna ∙ Massage ∙ Outdoor Swimming Pool ∙
Ladies and Gents Gyms ∙ Golf Tennis and Riding
Planning and layout
The Serena Islamabad is basically an L shaped building attached by a central core which
includes the lobbies and services.
The first-floor accommodations the typical room which are 14’x17’ and two mini suites.
There are almost 50 rooms on this floor serviced with all the facilities. There is a fire exit
at the end of one wing.
The second floor is more or less same as the first floor consisting of typical 14’x17’
rooms and mini suites. The corridor width is only 5’ which is not sufficient for the
service trolley to park.
The third and fourth floor is identical except they consist of executive rooms.
3.4.6. Plans

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Site flow diagram

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3.4.7. CONCLUSION
● The facilities provided are up to mark
● The overall ambiance and comfort of the hotel is luxurious.
● Used local materials and craft which depicted local culture
● Lobby should direct people to different activities properly.
● Double loaded corridors should be preferred
● Individuality of activity
● Controlled height
● Site planning is done in a proper way, keeping in mind the public and private zones

CHAPTER IV
SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 SITE OVERVIEW
The potential site should be where the historical significance is related to the culture of
the targeted community. The site is a proposed site for a convention center and a 5-star
hotel by Federal Government. And overlooked by NESPAK.

4.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

The site had to be a historical presence and a creative expression with a cultural
relevance. So, selecting the site within Punjab as Sikhism was started from here
originating its roots from Kartarpur also known as city of creator because the first of ten
Gurus spent his last 18 years of life; it’s a second holiest place for Sikhs. The place from
where the first Sikh community was started, and a lifestyle was established which is
celebrated to this day.
4.3 SITE ANAYLSIS
4.3.1 MACRO AND MESO ANALYSIS

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PAKISTAN

PUNJAB

NAROWAL

KARTARPUR

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4.3.2. CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
This is includes the social and cultural setup, neighbourhood and
land use activity mapping.
4.3.2.1. Neighbourhood Context
The site lies 4.7km away from Pakistan India border. Its surrounding
includes River Ravi, Gurdwara Sri Dabar Sahib. Immigration terminal,
Kartarpur city and Doda city.
4.3.2.2 Activity and Land Use
The site’s immediate context includes Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib for
which on daily basis pilgrims visit from India as well as tourist. From
Pakistan mixed user visit it. The site has a parking for visitors coming from
Pakistan. There are six helipads for V VIP's. The Army is patrolling 24x7.

4.3.3 PHYSICAL CONTEXT

4.3.3.1. Site Dimensions
The total area of site is 60 acres. Inclusive of parking.
After the initial study of areas and spaces required for our project we came
into calculated analysis that the site area exceeds the requirement. So the
area was reduced to have a more positively designed space with little
negative areas.
Considering this the area is reduced to 35 acres.
4.3.3.2. Site and Existing Uses
The site is a proposed site for a convention center and three or five star
hotel from Federal Government and overlooked by NESPAK.
The current use of site is mainly for parking.
4.3.3.3. Circulation

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 The site is conveniently approached by both vehicular and pedestrian
means. The pedestrian access is from Gurdwara as well from the back side
of the North side.
The vehicular access is from the South side as well from the where the
helipads are.
4.3.3.4. Accessibility Network
Accessibility network is quite strong.
Lahore- Sialkot motorway has an exit towards Narowal which leads to
Kartarpur. Which makes the site accessible foe the foreign visitors as well if
they are coming form Sialkot International Airport and Lahore International
Airport.
The Kartarpur corridor is accessed by the Indian side who come on daly
basis.
Different distances towards site;
Lhr intl airport : 134.4km
Skt intl airport: 14km
General bus stand badami bagh lhr: 133.4km
4.3.3.5. Services
As the neighborhood context of site consists of a city, gurdwara,
immigration center, army base. The site has all the utility services like water,
electricity.

4.3.4 CLIMATE AND SENSOY CONTEXT

4.3.4.1. Sun Path and Shadow Patterns
The site is South West facing
OCT- DEC: Dry Winters
JAN- FEB: Dry Winters
MARCH- APRIL: Moderate Spring

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JULY- AUG: Dry Summers
SEPT - OCT: Moderate Summers
4.3.4.2. Wind Direction
OCT - JAN : Western South West
FEB -MARCH: West
APRIL - MAY: West
JUNE - SEPT: South West to North East
4.3.4.3. Sensory towards site and from site
The prime view from the site is the Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib.
Currently towards site view is just a land. With residential
buildings hierarchy in the background.
4.3.4.4. Narrative of site
The site holds a historical significance, Kartarpur was a land on
which Guru Nanak spent his last days and a community was
formed formed from her and went globally. The site also has an
interesting story background which took place at the cremation of
the Guru Dev which also holds a poetic expression.
Due to this reason it holds equal importance for Sikhs, Hindus and
Muslims as he was praised by everyone.
And in remembrance of this a gurdwara was built where Guru
Nanak is buried. Everyday day more than hundred visitors and
pilgrims visit this gurdwara.
The site also holds emotional value as it proved to be a
reconciliation for families that were separated during partition.
4.3.5 CONCLUSION

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 CHAPTER V
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMS

CONVENTION CENTER 

Sr.n Spaces No.of Area per Circulation Total

o persons person area  Area
1 Delegate VIP 15 18 sq ft  15% 580 sq ft
entrance

2 Public entrance 50 18 sq ft 15% 1035 sq ft 

3 Staff entrance 15  18 sq ft 15% 580 sq ft 

4 Lobby  50 18 sq ft 30% 1100 sq ft 

5 Auditorium  1 200 18 sq ft 15% 1620 sq ft

Back of the house 25 18sq ft 15% 585 sq ft

6 Auditorium  2 200 18 sq ft 15% 1620 sq ft

Back of the house 25 18 sq ft 15% 585 sq ft

7 Board room 20 18 sq ft 30% 468 sq ft

8 Flexible halls 200 18 sq ft 30% 15600 sq ft

9 Summit room 30 18 sq ft 30% 702 sq ft

10 services 18 sq ft 15%

11 Control room 2 18 sq ft 15% 42 sq ft

12 Mechanical room 2  18 sq ft  15% 42sq ft

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13 Organizer office 1  18sq ft 15% 20 sq ft

14 Admins  18 sq ft 15%

15 toilets 6 18sq ft 15% 125 sq ft

SMALL MUSEUM

Sr.n Spaces No of Area per Circulation Total

o person person Area Area 

1 Display Gallery 50  18 sq ft 30sqft 

2 Office workroom 1 18 sq ft

3 Workshop 2 18 sq ft 25 sq ft 

4 Reserve collection 18 sq ft 50 sq ft 

room

5 Lecture room 15  18 sq ft 25 sq ft 

6 Souvenir

7 Chair storage 2  18 sq ft

8 Closet  1  18 sq ft

9 Kitchenette  2  18 sq ft 20 sq ft 

10 Lobby  25  18 sq ft 30 sq ft 

11 Cloak room 5  18 sq ft 25 sq ft 

12 washroom 2  18 sq ft

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13 Mechanical room 1  18 sq ft 25 sq ft 

14 Janitor’s closet 1  18 sq ft 25 sq ft 

LIBRARY 

Population Size of book Linear feet Reader space Staff Additional

served collection of shelving workspace space
volumes
Under 2500 10,000 1300 Min 400 for 13 100 sq ft / 300 sq ft 
seats at 30 sq ft/ staff member
reader space

Sr.n Spaces No of Area per Circulation Total

o person person Area Area 
1 Space for books 18 sq ft  30 sq ft 

2 Space for readers 13 30 sq ft  32 sq ft  400 sq ft 

3 Group meetings 12  18 sq ft  32 sq ft 

4 Librarian office 1  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

5 Mechanical 1  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

operations

6 Admin offices 4  25 sq ft  100 sq ft 

7 Work room 1  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

8 Staff lounge  10  22 sq ft  100 sq ft 

9 secretary 1  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

10 Receptionist  1  18 sq ft  50 sq ft 

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11 Toilets 

FIVE-STAR HOTEL

Sr.n Spaces No of person Area per Circulation Total

o person Area Area 

1 150 rooms  2  25 sq ft  200 sq ft  10, 000 sq

ft 

2 15 suites 3  25 sq ft  200 sq ft  15, 000 sq

ft 

3 Restaurant  150  18 sq ft  32 sq ft  86,000 sq

ft 

4 Lobby  150  18 sq ft  50 sq ft  135, 000 sq

ft 

5 Reception  2  18 sq ft  50 sq ft 

6 Foyer  5  18 sq ft  50 sq ft 

7 Health and spa  25  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

8 Services 

9 Kitchen  6  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

10 Laundry  5  18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

11 Vertical 3 lifts, staircase  18 sq ft  50 sq ft 

circulation

12  Toilets  3 no of toilets/ 18 sq ft  100 sq ft 

gender 

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