Pre Thesis New

BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN NOVO THEATER
BATIAGHATA, KRISHNANAGAR, KHULNA
MD. ASHIKUR RAHMAN

STD – 1725021
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture
(B. Arch)
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KHULNA-9203, BANGLADESH
December 2023
BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN NOVO THEATRE, KHULNA
BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN NOVO THEATER

BATIAGHATA, KRISHNANAGAR, KHULNA
The dissertation is submitted to the Department of Architecture as a partial fulfillment requirement for
obtaining the Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) degree at Khulna University of Engineering &
Technology, Khulna.
Submitted by:
MD ASHIKUR RAHMAN
STD: 1725021
5th year, 2nd term
Department of Architecture, KUET
Supervisor:
Md. Raihan Khan,
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, KUET
Rifat Bin Firoz,
Lecturer, Department of Architecture, KUET
Samia Zabeen,
Lecturer, Department of Architecture, KUET
Department Of Architecture
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
December 2023
2|Page
DECLARATION
I declare that this thesis represents my own work, except where due acknowledgement is made, and that
it has not been previously included in a thesis, dissertation or report submitted to this university or to any
other institution for a degree, diploma or any other qualification.
Signed
MD. ASHIKUR RAHMAN
Student ID: 1725021
YEAR: 5th, TERM: 2nd
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,
KHULNA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
KHULNA-9203, BANGLADESH.
STATEMENT OF COPYRIGHT
The copyright of Dissertation rests with Department of Architecture, KUET. No quotation from it should
be published without their consent.
3|Page
CERTIFICATION
This thesis titled “Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theater, Batiaghata, Krishnanagar,
Khulna.” has been carried out by MD. Ashikur Rahman and Student ID 1725021 under our guidance and
supervision, fulfils the criteria governing the degree of B. Arch from Department of Architecture, Khulna
University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna- 9203, Bangladesh. I certify that it has not been
submitted in part or full for the degree of Bachelor or any other degree in this or any other University, and
is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.
Md. Raihan Khan,

Assistant Professor,
Department of Architecture,
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology.
Rifat Bin Firoz,

Lecturer,
Samia Zabeen,
Lecturer,
4|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the beginning, I am very much grateful to God who has given me the chance to perform my work with
sound condition. This dissertation is an indication of the work of many talented and dedicated people.
These peoples have worked with me through the thesis period in the most responsible and conscientious
manner. I would like to express my gratitude to those people who have generously and most kindly helped
me during the different phases of my thesis project. Their valuable advice, support, thoughtful suggestions
and information were a long way in achieving my goal.
I am really grateful to all of my teachers of the Department of Architecture, Khulna University of

Engineering & Technology. Their valuable guidance, solicitous recommendations, and advice were
invaluable and helped me achieve my goal. I'd like to express my gratitude to my class teacher Md.
Muktadir Rahman, Assistant Professor, DoA, KUET & Rifat Bin Firoz, Lecturer, DoA, KUET. My thanks
and gratitude go to my thesis supervisor Md. Raihan Khan, Assistant Professor, DoA, KUET, Rifat Bin
Firoz, Lecturer, DoA, KUET, Samia Zabeen, Lecturer, DoA, KUET.
Thanks to Allah and my parents.
5|Page
ABSTRACT
A Novo theater can be place where two types of people come. One category is the crowd coming for
enjoyment and purpose of recreation just like any other museum. The other type of crowd that comes to
the place is mostly the children and students. The place not only educate but also entertains its visitors.
The design priorities are given to the organized school trips because these are the crowd those will get
maximum benefit out of the project in the form of knowledge. Many methods are used to bring science
and astronomy closer to people. Many attempts are being made to create interests among the people.
Besides many other things a novo theater is a place which not only entertains the visitors but also plays a
significant role in improving their knowledge. A science center exhibits many informative and interesting
elements. On the other hand the purpose of a novo theater is also same but the scale changes in this case
so as the effectiveness. It carries few buildings those are again complimented by some interesting
landscape elements. In most of the science centers the basic building elements those are present are an
evolution park, planetarium, observatory tower, a portion of research facilities, library, conference hall
and some supportive function exhibit the elements. Novo Theater aims to generate 21st century’s science
and astronomy museum by honoring ‘Knowledge’. To accomplish, this project emphasizes on the
production of knowledge. The production, which is an infinite continuity of science production, includes
the acts of ‘researching’, ‘displaying’ (exhibition) and ‘discussing’ (conference center).
Keywords: Novo Theater, science museum Exploration, Astronomy, Education
6|Page
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 5
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................. 13
1.1 Project briefing....................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.2.1 Global context........................................................................................................................................ 13
1.2.2 National context..................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3 Issue identification ....................................................................................................................................... 14
1.4 Aims............................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.5 Objectives...................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Significance of project in the context of Bangladesh ................................................................................ 15
1.7 Limitations .................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.8 Structure of the study .................................................................................................................................. 16
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 18
2.1 Definition of Science .................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 Definition of Astronomy .............................................................................................................................. 19
2.3 Definition of Planetarium ............................................................................................................................ 20
2.3.1 Background of Planetarium ................................................................................................................. 21
2.3.2 Timeline of Planetarium ....................................................................................................................... 22
2.3.3 Typology of Planetarium ...................................................................................................................... 22
2.3.4 Components of Planetarium ................................................................................................................ 24
2.3.5 Significance of Planetarium ................................................................................................................. 26
2.4 Definition and History of Science Museums .............................................................................................. 26
7|Page
2.5 Interaction in Science Museums ................................................................................................................. 27

2.6 Characteristics of Interactivity ................................................................................................................... 27
2.7 Impact of Planetarium ................................................................................................................................. 28
2.8 Planetarium Archetype Analysis ................................................................................................................ 29
3. CASE STUDY .................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 Kolkata Science City, Kolkata, India ......................................................................................................... 31
3.1.1 Project Overview ................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1.2 Master Plan Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 32
3.1.3 Style of Architecture ............................................................................................................................. 34
3.1.4 Planning function and circulation ....................................................................................................... 35
3.1.5 Structure ................................................................................................................................................ 41
3.1.6 Built and Open Space Relationship ..................................................................................................... 41
3.1.7 Services................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.1.8 Area Programming ............................................................................................................................... 42
3.2 Shanghai Astronomical Museum, China ................................................................................................... 43
3.2.2 Floor Plans ............................................................................................................................................. 45
3.2.3 Interior & Structures ............................................................................................................................ 46
3.3 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theatre, Dhaka .............................................................. 47
3.3.2 Structural analysis ................................................................................................................................ 48
3.4 Bangabandhu Military Museum, Dhaka ................................................................................................... 49
3.4.2 Masterplan Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 49
8|Page
3.4.3 Interior analysis .................................................................................................................................... 51

4. METHODOLOGY AND SITE ANALYSIS.................................................................................................... 53
4.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 53
4.1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 53
4.1.2 Background Study................................................................................................................................. 53
4.1.3 Thesis Proposal...................................................................................................................................... 53
4.1.4 Problem Findings .................................................................................................................................. 53
4.1.5 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................. 53
4.1.6 Data collection ....................................................................................................................................... 54
4.1.7 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 55
4.1.8 Methodological framework .................................................................................................................. 55
4.2 Site Analysis.................................................................................................................................................. 56
4.2.1 Site Selection .......................................................................................................................................... 56
4.2.2 Site Location .......................................................................................................................................... 56
4.2.3 Site Accessibility .................................................................................................................................... 57
4.2.4 Site justification ..................................................................................................................................... 58
4.2.5 Site analysis............................................................................................................................................ 59
4.2.6 Site surroundings .................................................................................................................................. 60
4.2.7 Topographic analysis ............................................................................................................................ 60
4.2.8 Site photographs.................................................................................................................................... 61
4.2.9 Site Morphology .................................................................................................................................... 62
4.2.9 SWOT analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 62
4.2.10 Site section ........................................................................................................................................... 63
5. FINDINGS .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
9|Page
5.1 Findings from site analysis .......................................................................................................................... 65

5.2 Global Practices ........................................................................................................................................... 65
5.3 National Practices ........................................................................................................................................ 66
5.4 National Organization ................................................................................................................................. 67
5.5 Design Consideration ................................................................................................................................... 67
5.6 Interacting With Site ................................................................................................................................... 67
5.7 Needed of Novo Theatre .............................................................................................................................. 68
5.8 Issue & Objective ......................................................................................................................................... 69
5.9 Novo Theatre Activity.................................................................................................................................. 69
5.10 Planetarium Standard ............................................................................................................................... 70
5.11 Program Formulation ................................................................................................................................ 71
5.11.1 Broad Program.................................................................................................................................... 71
5.11.2 Planetarium Program ......................................................................................................................... 72
5.11.3 Administration Program .................................................................................................................... 73
5.11.4 Observatory Program ......................................................................................................................... 74
5.11.5 Service Program .................................................................................................................................. 74
5.11.6 Museum Program ............................................................................................................................... 75
5.11.7 Research Program............................................................................................................................... 76
5.11.8 Others Program................................................................................................................................... 77
6. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................................................. 79
6.1 Design Idea ................................................................................................................................................... 79
6.1.1 Exploring Knowledge ........................................................................................................................... 79
6.1.2 Creating Journey................................................................................................................................... 79
6.1.3 Providing Journey Experience ............................................................................................................. 81
10 | P a g e
6.2 Design Development..................................................................................................................................... 82

6.2.1 Form Generation ................................................................................................................................... 82
6.2.2 Shape Development ............................................................................................................................... 82
6.2.3 Zoning .................................................................................................................................................... 83
6.3 Design Solution ............................................................................................................................................. 84
6.3.1 Perspective View ................................................................................................................................... 84
6.3.2 Master Plan............................................................................................................................................ 85
6.3.3 Upper Floor Plan................................................................................................................................... 86
6.3.4 Sections................................................................................................................................................... 87
6.3.5 Elevations ............................................................................................................................................... 88
6.3.6 Entry View ............................................................................................................................................. 89
6.3.7 Observatory View ................................................................................................................................. 89
6.3.8 Planetarium ........................................................................................................................................... 90
6.3.9 Telescope Park ...................................................................................................................................... 90
6.3.10 Waterbody ........................................................................................................................................... 91
6.3.11 Interior View ....................................................................................................................................... 91
6.3.12 Hand Made Model .............................................................................................................................. 92
7. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 94
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................. 95
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... 98
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................... 101
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 102
ANNEX ................................................................................................................................................................. 104
11 | P a g e
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project briefing

1.2 Background
1.3 Issue identification
1.4 Aims
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Significance of project in the context of Bangladesh
1.7 Limitations
1.8 Structure of the study
12 | P a g e
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project briefing
Proposal: The research area of the thesis entitled “Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo
Theatre” is explorative built environment which is intended to contribute in ‘education’ purpose of the
city dwellers. This proposal is a part of the initiative called ‘education through entertainment’
undertaken by the ministry of science and technology of government of People’s Republic of
Bangladesh.
Project title: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theatre
Location: Batiaghata, Krishnanagar, Khulna
Site area: 10 acres
Client: Ministry Of Science and Technology Bangladesh
1.2 Background
Generally we all know science by reading books and learning in school-college. Science is not just
confined to books, it affects our lives on a daily basis. Science can be fun and entertaining if the portrayal
is different and entertaining. A Novo Theater is a place where people are entertained as well as educated,
so the key to a novo theater is ‘entertainducated' meaning entertainment with education.
The project states the development of people and advancement of science and technology in the country
is closely linked with the development of such science related infrastructure. It is possible to accelerate
the socio-economic development through dissemination of knowledge about science and technology. By
setting up Novo theaters in every regions of the country, it is possible to make important contribution to
creating a science oriented society. General public, teachers and students should know about the space
history and scientific discoveries impacting human society. This is the role of novo theaters in developing
non-formal education and scientific discovery-based entertainment opportunities.
1.2.1 Global context

It is a platform to promote and enhance public understanding of science and technology culture and to
popularize science and technology in urban and rural areas for the benefit of students. Although it is not a
well-known project in Bangladesh, our native country like India has its own tradition of showcasing the
advancement of science and technology in its own way. Besides India there are many other countries
13 | P a g e
where science museum or science city is a very popular project such as Japan, China, Germany, Singapore
etc. It aims to reflect the scientific and technological progress of mankind so far and to inspire the bright
future ahead through an architectural milestone.
1.2.2 National context

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theater was established in 2004 as a non-formal educational
institution by the Ministry of Science and Technology to encourage the new generation in science and
technology and remove bias from people. Being the first and only Novo Theater in Bangladesh, it was
indeed a big milestone. For more than a decade, it has been the only place to learn astronomy and science
in Bangladesh. In recent years, Govt. to further encourage youth towards science and technology based
education has taken up a project to establish Novo Theater at the division level.
To make the new generation interested in space science and technology education, to create science-related
ideas among the people and to create opportunities for informal education and entertainment, an initiative
was taken to construct the Novo Theatre in Khulna. The first branch of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Novo theatre of the country has been opened in the capital heart of Dhaka in the year 2004. To
develop by the purpose of “Digital Bangladesh the country must generate a scientific-minded generation.
As a result, the need to establish a similar space science learning center in the core of Khulna city. The
institution will be entertainducated to popularize science among the public and create awareness.
1.3 Issue identification
 In our country most of the public does not have a good understanding of science, it is necessary
to attract them by creating entertaining & educative environment which is still quite
unsatisfactory in our country.
 Lack of proper infrastructure is one of the basic problems to enhance the opportunities.
 Some establishment confine “education” within four walls.
 Lack of interactivity and exploring opportunity in our country.
1.4 Aims
This project aims to provide education envisioning an exploratory built environment, where people can
know the unknown knowledge. This is an opportunity to study about science and research about science
14 | P a g e
transformation and planetarium archetypes, their influence on built forms and exhibition spaces to
practice. Thus people can gain knowledge by “Education through entertainment”.
1.5 Objectives
 Creating an educative environment through different exhibits where people can learn with
enjoyment.
 Providing learning facilities through planetarium for about science and astronomy.
 People can gain the unknown knowledge and spreading with others.
1.6 Significance of project in the context of Bangladesh

Public education opportunities and numerous space science exhibits will be part of the proposed project.
Additionally, there will be chances to plan instructional activities for different STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) participants. This will be exploited by locals as well as
visitors from abroad. This project could help promote scientific knowledge and understanding among the
general public in Bangladesh. The space could provide hands-on exhibits, interactive displays, and
educational programs that make science accessible and fun for people of all ages. It can serve as a hub for
learning and innovation in Bangladesh. The zone could host scientific symposiums, workshops, and
other events that bring together general people, students, and industry professionals to discuss the latest
advances in science and technology. A gathering place for the community, where people can come
together to learn, explore, and engage with science. The space could host community events, such as
science fairs and workshops that bring people from different backgrounds and communities together.
Bangladesh has a scientific history, with contributions in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, and
medicine. A Science exploration zone could preserve this scientific heritage by showcasing artifacts,
documents, and other materials that tell the story of Bangladesh's scientific achievements.
1.7 Limitations
 A case/project of the same nature in the home country carries its own existence.
 Since there aren't many projects like this in this nation, the contextual issues couldn't be fully
addressed.
15 | P a g e
1.8 Structure of the study

The study's organizational structure starts with the project's problem identification. The following phase
is involved choosing problem-based components to direct the project's aim. The case study is the
component-based approach. The case study helps identify the program. Then, a few studies has chosen to
gather data. The project's design will be then influenced by the data.
Fig 1.8: Structure of the study
16 | P a g e
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Science

2.2 Definition of Astronomy
2.3 Definition of Planetarium
2.4 Definition and History of Science Museums
2.5 Interaction in Science Museums
2.6 Characteristics of Interactivity
2.7 Impact of Planetarium
2.8 Planetarium Archetype Analysis
17 | P a g e
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Science
Science is the process of learning about the natural world through observation and experimentation.
Generally we all know science by reading books and learning in school-college. Science is not just
confined to books. Science can be fun and entertaining if the portrayal is different and entertaining. A
Novo Theater is a place where people are entertained as well as educated. The word "science" certainly
conjures up many images: a thick textbook, white lab coat and microscope, an astronomer looking through
a telescope, a naturalist in the countryside, Einstein's equations written on a chalkboard, a space shuttle
launch, a boiling beaker....all images. Depicts some parts of science, yet none of them presents a complete
picture due to different aspects of science:
Figure 2.1: different aspects of science
The image illustrate aspects of science, but grasping the full essence of science goes beyond any specific
example.
 Science encompasses both a body of knowledge and a method of inquiry. While in school,
science may sometimes come across as a set of disconnected and unchanging facts found in
textbooks, it's important to realize that this is just a small part of the picture. Equally significant is
that science involves a process of exploration, which allows us to connect isolated facts and build
coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world.
 Science is captivating. It's a way of uncovering what the universe contains and how those
elements function today, how they operated in the past, and how they are likely to function in the
future. Scientists are driven by the excitement of discovering something new or solving previously
unanswered questions.
18 | P a g e
 Science is practical. The knowledge generated by scientific research is potent and dependable. It
can be applied to create new technologies, address diseases, and tackle a multitude of other
challenges.
 Science is an ongoing journey. It continuously refines and expands our knowledge of the
universe, leading to new questions for future exploration. Science will never reach a final endpoint.
 Science is a global human endeavor. People from all corners of the world participate in the
process of science, and you can join in too!
2.2 Definition of Astronomy
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, galaxies, and the overall
structure and behavior of the universe. It encompasses the observation and analysis of these celestial
entities and phenomena, aiming to understand their origins, evolution, and the physical laws that govern
them. Astronomers use a variety of instruments and techniques, including telescopes, spectroscopy, and
computer modeling, to explore and explain the vast expanse of space and the objects within it. Astronomy
also plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of cosmology, the origin, and the ultimate fate of
the universe.
Astronomy is of significant importance for several reasons:
 Understanding the Universe: Astronomy allows us to explore and understand the vast universe
we inhabit. It helps us answer fundamental questions about the nature of celestial objects, their
origins, and how they evolve over time. This knowledge contributes to our broader understanding
of the cosmos.
 Advancing Scientific Knowledge: Astronomy has historically played a pivotal role in advancing
scientific knowledge. Discoveries in astronomy have led to the development of new theories and
principles in physics and other sciences. For example, the discovery of the laws of motion by
Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton was driven by observations in astronomy.
 Space Exploration: Astronomy has paved the way for space exploration. It helps identify
potential destinations for missions, provides navigation tools for spacecraft, and informs our
understanding of the conditions in space.
 Inspiration and Education: Astronomy has a unique ability to inspire wonder and curiosity about
the universe. It engages people of all ages and backgrounds, promoting scientific literacy and
education.
19 | P a g e
 Insights into Earth: By studying other celestial bodies, astronomers gain insights into the Earth's
history and future. For example, studying impact craters on the Moon and other planets helps us
understand the history of impacts on Earth and their potential future impact threats.
Figure 2.2: astronomical aspects
2.3 Definition of Planetarium

Planetarium theatre devoted to popular education and entertainment in astronomy and related fields,
especially space science, and traditionally constructed with a hemispheric domed ceiling that is used as a
screen onto which images of stars, planets, and other celestial objects are projected. Typical systems can
be set to simulate the sky at any point in time, past or present, and often to depict the night sky as it would
appear from any point of latitude on Earth.
Figure 2.3: planetarium show
20 | P a g e
2.3.1 Background of Planetarium
 Early Planetariums: Early planetariums were either portable pictures of the starry sky painted on
the inside of a sphere or dome, or mechanical models of the solar system. In late 17th century
Europe, small model planetariums imitating the movement of planets around the sun were built
inside clocks. One of the first planetariums, known as the Gottorf Globe, with a portable painting
of the starry sky, was made in what now is Germany.
 Mechanical Projectors: The first modern planetarium was built at the Zeiss optical works in Jena,
Germany, about 1924. This device known as Mark I, installed at the Deutsches Museum in Munich
by the German firm Carl Zeiss, was mounted inside a dome 32 feet (10 m) in diameter. The Adler
Planetarium: built in Chicago in 1930, was the first major planetarium in the United States. The
success of the Zeiss projectors led to the establishment of thousands of planetariums in the 20th
century. In the United States, the first Zeiss projectors were installed in the 1930s at the Adler
Planetarium in Chicago, the Hayden Planetarium in New York City, Japanese firms Goto Optical
Manufacturing Company and Minolta Company Limited and the U.S. Company Spitz
Incorporated also became leading makers of planetarium projectors during the late 20th century.
Today the technically advanced mechanical projectors show images as clear and bright as the
actual stars. One such device known as Zeiss Mark IX at the Hayden Planetarium, New York City,
projects images of more than 9,000 stars. It uses a hair-thin strand of glass called optical fiber to
throw light on the dome. The fiber is so tiny that the image on the dome is point-like and looks
like a real star in the sky. Images of the sun, the moon, and the planets are created by separate
projectors steered by computer-controlled motors.
 Digital Projectors: Computers use a code of numbers or digits to process information. Thus a
planetarium with computerized projectors is known as a digital planetarium. The mechanical
projectors are able to show the stars as seen from only one region of space our solar system. This
is because the holes in their star plates cannot change position relative to one another. However, a
digital projector system does not have this limitation, as it does not use star plates. Instead, a
computer creates images on video screens. A lens then projects each image onto the dome. To
show the stars as seen from a place other than the solar system, the computer merely changes the
images on the screens. In the early 1980s, the Evans and Sutherland Corporation of the United
States set up the first digital planetarium in the Science Museum in Richmond, Virginia. Since
then digital planetariums have developed further and can now produce far more realistic images
of planets. These advanced planetariums can show images of the objects that are significant in
fields other than astronomy. For instance, they can simulate a flight through an extremely enlarged
21 | P a g e
image of a living cell. Astronomy-based computer programs, which can simulate sky conditions
at any time of the day, can also be considered as digital planetariums. Digital planetariums also
present shows for entertainment. For instance, they can be used for a display of animated,
computer-generated art, accompanied by a musical sound track.
 Portable Planetariums: Technologically advanced planetariums are too expensive for most
schools and communities. But many of them have purchased inexpensive portable planetariums.
For instance, one model has an inflatable dome that is designed to hold 35 children. The projector
has a small light bulb enclosed by a plastic cylinder and a black cylinder with clear spots for
projecting the stars. There are other affordable cylinders, which show galaxies, constellations, and
even the inside of a living cell.
2.3.2 Timeline of Planetarium
Figure 2.3.2: planetarium timeline
2.3.3 Typology of Planetarium
Horizontal Dome Planetarium:

Unmatched realism – the night sky
 The dome edge is parallel to the ground.
 The horizontal dome shows the realistic environment of the outdoors.
 It simulates the sky as seen by everyday observers.
 For schools and educational institutions, astronomy education the horizontal dome is best.
 Horizontal domes cost less to construct, have a greater seating capacity.
 Reduce the number of trip and fall accidents.
22 | P a g e
 Offer easy accessibility to audience members with limited personal mobility

 The horizontal planetarium dome fills a wide variety of purposes.
Figure 2.3.3: horizontal dome planetarium

Tilted Dome Planetarium
Experience the sensation of floating in outer space
 The floor and dome are inclined at an angle.
 Reproduces the motions of the stars as seen from space, as well as from the earth.
 Larger diameter tilted domes can also function as a lecture or performance hall.
 Accommodates fewer seats, but the overall presentation is dramatically immersive.
 Locating the entrance and exit on different levels provides efficient movement of visitors through
the theatre.
 Widely used in science centers for accessibility and audience flow is necessary.
Figure 2.3.3: tilted dome planetarium
23 | P a g e
2.3.4 Components of Planetarium
A planetarium theatre basically consists of the six components described on this page. The success of the
theatre greatly depends upon how well the components work together as a whole. Creating a quality theatre
for quality programming requires careful consideration during the design stage.
Figure 2.3.4: Planetarium component
Theatre Lighting
 The dark, immersive environment of the dome theatre an ideal showplace for dramatic lighting.
 Bright work lights are necessary for cleaning and maintenance
 Very subtle aisle and step lighting is necessary for safety during programs.
 Safety lights should pop on during any emergency.
 Cove-mounted lights can bathe the theatre in intense colors.
The Mechanical Projector
 Called as the planetarium projector, star machine, or star-ball.
 This projector sits at the precise center of the dome.
 This machine creates the stars with such resolution, clarity, color and brightness.
24 | P a g e
 With some types of star balls, sun moon and planet projectors may be mounted in front of the main
projector.
 A control console is generally placed at the back of the theatre.
 Electronics racks with support equipment are mounted in a nearby equipment room.
Planet Projectors
 The smooth-motion, rapid, and accurate free-standing projectors
 Projectors mounted on the main body
 These projectors create sharply focused, brilliant solar system images.
Full Dome Video
 Full dome refers to immersive dome-based video projection environments where the viewer is
surrounded by the video projection in a hemispherical angle of view.
 The dome, horizontal or tilted, is filled with real-time (interactive) or pre-rendered (linear)
computer animations, live capture images, or composited environments.
 Usually astronomy is the most common topic yet no content limitations
 Now it’s also used for entertaining shows and other hyper-realistic presentations.
Hybrid System
 Hybrid Planetariums Can Show Not Only Rich Astronomical Programming,
 Also Range Farther Into Programming In Subjects Such As Geology, Meteorology, Biology,
Oceanography, And More.
 The Two Parts of the Hybrid System Together Enables Synchronous Coupling of Optical-
mechanical And Digital Full dome Projections.
 Ensures That All Digital Features – Such As Constellation Figures – Automatically Register With
The Optically Projected Stars.
Hybrid Console
 The User Is Free To Assign Show Parts And Functions To The Planetarium Projector And To The
Digital System.
 Give Audiences Experience To Examine Phenomena On A Scale Of Microscopic To Infinite.
 The Universe Is Playground With A Hybrid Planetarium.
 The Projector Design Is Of Highest Quality For Longevity And Stability.
 Ensures Both The Projector Steadiness And The Image Stability.
 Lamp Change Is Accomplished Quickly And Easily.
 All Projectors Come With Mounts For Rigid Installation And Easy Adjustment.
25 | P a g e
Audio System
 Sound adds a vital dimension to a planetarium in the form of music, narration, and sound effects.
 Audio systems range from the very simple to super high quality multi-channel systems.
Others
 In addition to the above components, light-blocking entries, air conditioning, smoke detectors, fire
sprinklers, etc. must all be taken into account in the overall design.
2.3.5 Significance of Planetarium
 The planetarium is a valuable tool to promote astronomy education and help visitors understand
space phenomena.
 In this space age being up to date with latest discovery and scientific findings is a key factor for a
country’s progress
 The planetarium is also a valuable medium for raising our awareness and love of the eternally blue
earth by deepening our understanding of the planet.
 The planetarium impresses us with the infinity, dignity, regularity, and wonder of the cosmos and
inspires minds to explore so many remaining fields of study.
 The planetarium can also provide an escape from the everyday life. Relaxing under the tranquil,
starry sky brings peace and restores creativity to an overworked mind.
 The planetarium functions as a regional information center where the community has access to the
latest news of current scientific happenings.
 The planetarium also works as entertainment hub for local people.
 The planetarium benefits the human mind and spirit.
 It can give great power to the imagination and stimulate creativity in children, the future of our
society.
 As an economic infrastructure planetarium has big impact on its surrounding economy.
2.4 Definition and History of Science Museums
Science museums and technology centers focus on the history and achievements of science and
technology. They use demonstrations, interactive programs, and engaging media to explain complex
inventions. Some museums cover various topics like computers, aviation, railways, physics, astronomy,
26 | P a g e
and the animal kingdom. These museums often highlight cultural heritage by displaying valuable objects,
similar to the curiosity cabinets of the Renaissance.
Early science museums emerged from the desire to manage the growing materials resulting from the wider
distribution of ancient texts, increased travel, voyages of discovery, and better communication. They
served as places of collecting, observation, and knowledge, where anyone could explore scientific
evidence, such as dinosaur fossils, plant collections, and more. In the 19th century, science museums
expanded, representing visible and organized knowledge, and they continued to evolve in the 20th century
as experts in conveying scientific concepts to the public.
These museums typically allow visitors to interact with exhibits through various sensory experiences like
manipulating, reading, pushing, and pulling. Information is presented through engaging and interactive
displays. Some science centers offer exhibits that respond to visitors' actions, while others are hands-on
without providing direct feedback. These centers often focus on presenting ideas in small rooms, with less
attention to practical applications, social contexts, or ethical considerations.
In the 1960s, interactive science centers with specialized hands-on galleries became popular, exemplified
by places like the Exploratorium in San Francisco and the Ontario Science Centre. In the United States,
almost every major city has a science center, collectively attracting millions of visitors annually. These
centers prioritize public understanding of science through new display technologies and interpretive
experiments.
2.5 Interaction in Science Museums

Before the 20th century, museums rarely incorporated interactivity into their exhibits. One of the early
pioneers in using interactivity was the Deutsches Museum in Munich at the start of the 20th century. They
allowed visitors to push buttons and manipulate levers to explore certain aspects of the exhibits. While
the museum still employs similar techniques today, the level of interactivity in many parts of the primary
exhibition may not be exceptionally high. Tim Caulton (1998, 3) highlights that the transition from the
earliest science museums to modern science centers is quite straightforward. Their fundamental purpose
has always been to interpret and explain, so the shift towards interactive exhibits is a natural progression
of this tradition.
2.6 Characteristics of Interactivity

The term "interactivity" originates from the Latin words "inter agree," with "inter" meaning "between"
and "agree" signifying "to do or to act." Essentially, "to interact" means "to act between." It implies that
27 | P a g e
something is acting between at least two entities, which can be humans or even interactions between
humans and devices. The crucial concept here is the occurrence of an interactive event between these
components: one entity initiates an action, and the other(s) respond by taking some action in return. This
process alters the initial conditions, allowing for the repetition of the event in this modified context.
2.7 Impact of Planetarium
 Socio-cultural Context
The inter-connectedness of human existence within the world acknowledges that our thoughts and
learning processes are influenced by social and cultural factors. These elements contribute to the
diverse range of learning styles seen among students. In informal educational settings, interactive
learning plays a crucial role. The planetarium, fostering a positive environment, serves as a catalyst
for engagement and enhanced learning experiences.
 Physical Context
The physical context refers to the actual environment where learning takes place. Studies indicate
that learning is affected by both the physical space itself and visitors' ability to navigate it. Besides
the general layout and structure, specific elements within this space can influence the overall
learning experience and the knowledge gained. Research highlights that factors like lighting,
crowd density, colors, sounds, and spatial design subtly impact learning outcomes. Additionally,
the positioning and content of exhibits, along with informative signage, as well as the duration
visitors spend at each exhibit, are significant factors influencing learning.
 Personal Context
The personal context refers to the unique traits and characteristics that a visitor or student brings
into a learning environment, whether formal or informal. This includes their existing knowledge,
individual background, and personal interests. Studies indicate that a visitor's motivations for
attending a museum or other informal settings can significantly impact their learning experience.
While these settings cannot control personal contexts, they can empower learners by offering
choices and activities during the visit. This empowerment encourages a personal commitment to
learning and enables visitors to engage in activities related to their prior knowledge and interests.
28 | P a g e
2.8 Planetarium Archetype Analysis
29 | P a g e
CHAPTER 3
CASE STUDY
3.1 Kolkata Science City, Kolkata, India

3.2 Shanghai Astronomical Museum, China
3.3 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theatre, Dhaka
3.4 Bangabandhu Military Museum, Dhaka
30 | P a g e
3. CASE STUDY
3.1 Kolkata Science City, Kolkata, India
3.1.1 Project Overview
Owner: National Council of Science Museum.

Architect: Late Ar Aftabudddin Ahmed Structural consultants Development Consultants
Year of completion: 1991
Total land area: 49.7 acres or 201136sqm
Total built up area: 45000sqm
Location: East Topsia, Topsia, Kolkata, West Bengal
Figure 3.1.1: location of Kolkata science city

Science City, Kolkata is a unit of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), which in turn, is an
autonomous body that comes under the Ministry of Culture of Government of India. Science City is the
largest science centre in the entire Indian Subcontinent, conceptualized with the single motto of
popularization of science.
Science City is developed on a 49.7 acre land which used to be a dumping ground for the city's garbage
for more than 100 years. There are two facilities, namely the Science Centre and the Convention Centre.
The Convention Centre Complex was inaugurated on 21 December 1996 by Paul Jozef Crutzen along
with the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mr. Jyoti Basu and the entire centre was inaugurated by the
then Prime Minister, Mr. Indra Kumar Gujral on 1st July 1997.
A perfect blend of learning and fun, the science city also has a section dedicated to aquatic world with
some of the most exotic fish and insects in the aquariums. The complex has the Space Odyssey,
31 | P a g e
Dynamotion, Science Exploration Hall, Maritime Centre, Earth Exploration Hall and a sprawling Science
Park giving its visitors an experience that they would remember lifelong. Since the day it was opened for
visitors until today, Science City has recorded footfall in excess of 29.90 million. It is famous among both
local as well as international visitors.
Figure 3.1.1: Kolkata science city

3.1.2 Master Plan Analysis
Being similar in the functions of a science city, the case study will help in knowing the functions, special
provisions and design requirements.
Figure 3.1.2.1: plan of Kolkata science city
32 | P a g e
Figure 3.1.2.2: functional zoning Figure 3.1.2.3: guide map of Kolkata science city
Figure 3.1.2.4: aerial view of Kolkata science city
33 | P a g e
3.1.3 Style of Architecture
Various blocks feature distinct shapes, creating individual identities for each block, but these shapes do
not harmonize with the site. The Space Odyssey's dome and the Dynamotion hall's descending spiral, for
example, resemble a large ziggurat.
The convention center consists of two separate spherical forms, resembling a tilted saucer and a large
truncated cone positioned one behind the other.
As for the science park, it has a square layout.
Figure 3.1.3.1: ziggurat of UR
Figure 3.1.3.2: different forms of Kolkata science city
34 | P a g e
3.1.4 Planning function and circulation
Dynamotion Hall:
 The word Dynamotion is derived from dynamic motion.
 It is a structure that houses a 28 meter high exhibit called the rolling ball which shows the dynamics
of a large number of rolling balls moving in different trajectories proposed by mechanical,
pneumatic and hydraulic forces to demonstrate various aspects of physics in a fascinating manner.
 It is 38 meter high structure with a spiral shaped ramp around a central atrium.
 The form is a ‘Ziggurat’ 38m high with a spiral shaped ramp around the center.
 The descending spiral of the Dynamotion hall resemble a massive ziggurat.
 It is planned as inward looking building with a closed atrium.
Figure 3.1.4.1: Dynamotion hall
35 | P a g e
Figure 3.1.4.1: Dynamotion hall plan
36 | P a g e
Dynamotion Plan:
 The ground level plan consists of a huge 5 storey descending atrium; containing a huge energy
conservation ball display rising up to the full height of the atrium with water exhibits at the base.
The continuous display of the energy ball in the center appears to the right of the visitor in whole
journey to the podium level of 4.96m.
 Fire escape ramp having slope of 1:12 runs parallel to the main ramp and ends with staircase to
the podium and then 2 staircases from podium to the ground.
 The central atrium houses the exhibit.
 The ramp around the atrium allows a continuous view of the Rolling Balls from all directions at
all levels.
 The atrium and ramp create a transparent interior space which is visually connected at all levels:
making the space more active and dynamic.
 Right opposite to the entry, two 16 passenger lifts takes you up to the top level of 24.6m high ramp.
From here a visitor descends his journey down on a spiral ramp 4.5m wide ramped gallery.
 The hall has two symmetrically placed galleries to the longitudinal axis of the building containing
insect model displays and water based experiments and exhibits. Opposite corner of the rectangular
hall have services rooms such as electrical room and store.
 The ramped gallery contains exhibits like illusions, world of insects and fishes on the left hand
side of the ramp for convenient watching.
 The outer wall of the ramp is used as display area for various displays.
 Structure system is bulk active.
 The complete structure is supported on two non-concentric rows of 16 columns each on a spiral
base.
 The top of the atrium is together with steel joists and glass on the top for provision of light.
 The structure is finished with stone grit all around.
 It is a barrier free design, there is provisions for handicapped people.
Circulation:
 The circulation pattern offers a memorable experience inside the minds of general visitors and
imparts a clear sequential character of the building.
 Unidirectional flow of visitors is maintained from entry to exit.
 The exit to the main building is through the staircase which leads the passenger to the ground from
the 1st floor.
 The ramp is 38 m high spiral shaped and 4.5 m wide.
37 | P a g e
 The spiral ramp provides uninterrupted view of ‘Rolling Balls’ at all levels and sides.
 Service entry is common with the visitor’s entry and in the ramp it continues on the outer ramp.
Figure 3.1.4.2: Dynamotion hall section

Convention Centre
 The convention centre facilities, comprising Grand Theatre, Mini Auditorium and eight Seminar
Halls and open exhibition ground.
 The convention facility at Science City is ideally suited to professional gatherings, cultural meets
and shows, trade exhibitions, corporate annual meetings etc.
 All the venues of the convention centre are in close proximity to each other and are within a minute
of walking distance from the parking area with abundant greenery all around to relax after long
sessions.
38 | P a g e
Figure 3.1.4.3: Convention centre

Auditorium
The multipurpose auditorium is ideal for conventions, seminars, and annual general meetings, theatrical
& musical performances, ballet, opera, symphony etc. It is equipped with variable reverberation time and
sophisticated sound reinforcement system; large stage (suitable for 100 performers at a time) with
cyclorama, stage craft and modern stage light control and projection facilities and sufficient greenroom
spaces etc.
 The Seating capacity is 2232
 Stage size is 27 x 16 m suitable for 100 performers
 The capacity of Green room is for 50 men & 50 women.
Figure 3.1.4.4: Main Auditorium

Science Park
It offers an ideal free choice learning environment. In a tropical country like India, the outdoor is sunny
and more inviting than the indoors for most part of the year. In a Science Park, people come closer to
plants, animals and other objects in their natural surroundings and also learn about the basic principles of
39 | P a g e
science in an open air learning environment. The park interactive exhibits are engineered so as to tolerate
all the weather. Science Park has become the integral part in all the centres of NCSM. It comprises
Caterpillar Ride, Gravity Coaster, Musical Fountain, Road Train, Cable Cars, Monorail Cycle, butterfly
nursery and several exhibits on physical and life sciences and a maze set up in a lush green ambience.
Figure 3.1.4.5: Science Park

Earth Exploration Hall
Inaugurated on 6 December 2008 by Ambika Soni, the then Union Minister for Culture, India. A
permanent exhibition on earth is housed in a two storied hemispherical building that displays the details
of the southern hemisphere in the ground floor and northern hemisphere in the first floor. Slicing a huge
earth globe at the centre of the hall into 12 segments vertically in each hemisphere, important features of
each segment such as physical geography, lands and people, flora and fauna and other dynamic natural
phenomenon on earth have been highlighted around the central globe with the modern display
technologies such as attractive visuals, interactive multimedia, video walls, panoramic videos, tilting
tables, computer kiosks and 3-D effects theatre wearing a special Polaroid spectacle. There is a huge earth
globe at the centre of the hall.
Figure 3.1.4.6: Earth Exploration Hall
40 | P a g e
Space Odyssey
The Space Theatre has Time Machine, 3D Theatre, variety of exhibits on Space science. The space is
mainly dedicated to space science. Space Theatre is equipped with Helios Star Ball planetarium supported
by 150 special effect projectors and Astrovision 10/70 large format Film Projection system housed in a
23-meter diameter tilted dome having unidirectional seating arrangements for 360 person immersive
shows on sciences. Now the Astrovision film Adventures in Wild California of 40 minutes duration has
been screening from June, 2013.
Figure 3.1.4.7: Space Odyssey

3.1.5 Structure
In structure truss system is used. Stone and glass are also used for exterior. RCC shell structure is also
used.
3.1.6 Built and Open Space Relationship
 FAR provides 0.34.

 Ground coverage provided 16.62% i.e. 33426.38 sqm.
 Total build up area provided 68284 sqm.
3.1.7 Services
HVAC:
 Around 900 sq. m of sheet metal ducting has been used for the building.
 The chilled water and condenser pipes exceeds 5km. In length.
41 | P a g e
Fire Fighting:
 Fire detection system has been installed within the building with smoke detectors in all the
sensitive areas.
 Apart from these detectors and alarming system water sprinkler system is installed at all the stage
areas, service areas for which a water tank of 2,00,000 gallon is built near mini auditorium.
Electricity:
 Requirement for the whole project is 4.5 mva and the power is received from Kolkata electric
supply itd. At 11kv voltage level.
 For emergency, diesel generators are used and solar energy is used for water heating and all the
lighting.
3.1.8 Area Programming
Spaces Built up Area (sq. m.)

Convention Centre 23117
Science Exploration Hall 28500
Space odyssey and dynamotion complex 9200
Souvenir shops 270

Enquiry 72
Snacks bars 1360
Toilets 760
Toy train station 150
Monorail station 1050
Ropeway station 260
Gate Complex 3340
42 | P a g e
Sheds 918
Fire water 180
Water treatment plant 150
Ambulance & fire station 120
Electrical power receiving and distribution 400
3.2 Shanghai Astronomical Museum, China
Client: Shanghai Science and Technology Museum

Local Design Institute: Arcplus Institute of Shanghai Architectural Design & Research
Architects: Ennead Architects
Area: 39000 m²
Year: 2021
Location: Shanghai, China
Figure 3.2.1: Shanghai Astronomical Museum Figure 3.2.1: Drawing Inspiration
43 | P a g e
The monumental new museum creates an immersive experience that places visitors in direct engagement
with real astronomical phenomena. Through scale, form, and the manipulation of light, the building
heightens awareness of our fundamental relationship to the sun and the earth’s orbital motion.
At 420,000 square feet, the new astronomical branch of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
will be the largest museum worldwide solely dedicated to the study of astronomy.
Drawing inspiration: from astronomical principles, the design invokes the experience of orbital motion.
Each of the building’s three principal forms – the Oculus, the Inverted Dome and the Sphere – act as
functioning astronomical instruments, tracking the sun, moon, and stars and reminding visitors that our
conception of time originates in distant astronomical object.
1) The Oculus: suspended above the main entry to the Museum, demonstrates the passage of time by
tracking a circle of sunlight on the ground across the entry plaza and reflecting pool. At noon during the
summer solstice, there is a full circle, which aligns with a circular platform within the Museum's entry
plaza. The Oculus creates a veritable time piece in the civic square
2) The Sphere: houses the planetarium theater, which is half submerged in the building. With minimal
visible support, it evokes an illusion of weightlessness or anti-gravity. The pure spherical form references
the primordial shapes in our universe and, like the orientation we yield from our position relative to the
sun or moon, becomes an ever-present reference point for the visitor.
3)The Inverted Dome: is a large inverted glass tension structure which sits on top of the central atrium
of the building at the roof line so visitors can occupy the center of the glass dish with an unimpeded view
of the sky. The culmination of the exhibit journey, this space cuts the view of the horizon and adjacent
urban context, and focuses the visitor on the all-encompassing sky – a real encounter with the universe to
conclude the simulated experience within.
Figure 3.2.1: Interior spaces
44 | P a g e
3.2.2 Floor Plans
Figure 3.2.2: Plan and section
45 | P a g e
Five Themes of Shanghai planetarium

The themes take visitors from the familiar (the planets of our solar system) to the unfamiliar (the vastness
of deep space), and explain the history of astronomy – and China’s important contributions –along the
way. Each theme will use a range of exhibit presentation methods to tell the stories that form the overall
narrative, and highlight Chinese contributions to that theme.
Figure 3.2.2: journey of the museum

3.2.3 Interior & Structures
Figure 3.2.3: Interior & Structures
46 | P a g e
3.3 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theatre, Dhaka
Client: Ministry of Science and Technology Bangladesh

Architects: Ali Imam
Area: 22,095.83 m²
Year: 2004
Location: Bijoy Shorony, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bamngladesh
Figure 3.3.1: Novo theatre, Dhaka
The Planetarium dome simulates Earth and its cool blue sky. This dome-shaped theater was built with the
latest equipment, enabling visitors to soar into space as well as experience the thrills of an interplanetary
journey in a three-dimensional environment. The curved ceiling represents the sky and shows moving
images of planets and stars through projection onto a large-screen dome at an angle of 120 degrees. This
planetarium features three kinds of exhibits. They Journey to Infinity presents a celestial show of stars,
planets and other heavenly bodies in virtual reality. The ai amader Bangladesh features Bangabandhu
Sheik Mujibur Rahman's 7 March lecture, while The Grand Canyon describes North America's settlement
clan, Garikhad, which existed in The Grand Canyon four thousand years ago.
47 | P a g e
Figure 3.3.1: Novo theatre, Dhaka
3.3.2 Structural analysis

The Dome Structure of the space theater is built by the geodesic technique.
Figure 3.3.2: Geodesic structure Figure 3.3.2: Load distribution
48 | P a g e
3.4 Bangabandhu Military Museum, Dhaka
Curator: Bangladesh Army

Architects: Ali Imam, Nakshabid Architects, (DWG), Mukta Dinwiddie Maclaren Architects (MDM)
Area: 9.3 acres
Year: 1987
Location: Bijoy Shorony, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bamngladesh
Figure 3.4.1: Bangabandhu Military Museum, Dhaka
The museum has a collection of Bangladesh's military history, heritage, success stories and various
weapons and ammunition.It is now most popular to the young generation and also to the all ages people.
3.4.2 Masterplan Analysis

The wide frontal court, waterbody adorned with greenery, fuzzy height variations of each floor, and the
picturesque view from every direction make the museum one of a kind and possibly one of the best in
Bangladesh.
The museum complex also has its own cafeteria, art gallery, and amphitheatre. Sitting arrangements can
be found hither and thither. A generous amount of greenery was planted in symmetric intervals to save
the area from being a heated island.
49 | P a g e
Figure 3.4.2: Site plan

The museum is divided in to six sections, including the Bangladesh History Gallery on the ground floor,
Bangladesh Army Gallery on the 2nd floor, Bangladesh Air Force gallery on the 3rd floor, UN
Peacekeeping Gallery on the 4th floor, and Bangladesh Navy Gallery at the basement.
There is also a separate museum named "Toshakhana Jadughor" within the museum complex, where gifts
and awards received by the country's important personnel are showcased.
There is also a grand sculpture in the middle of the "Toshakhana Jadughor" and all the artefacts see
showcased around it in a corkscrew pattern.
50 | P a g e
Figure 3.4.2: Bangabandhu Military Museum 2nd floor plan
3.4.3 Interior analysis

Upon entering the premises, the central plaza with moving escalators will draw attention and make
wonder whether have entered a shopping mall. But, as wander around the halls, it develop a sense of the
magnificent architecture of the building.
The dome, made of low-emissivity glass, allows an abundance of natural light inside the museum during
the daytime, giving the museum a balanced luminescence. Besides, the material also saves the dome
from overheating.
Figure 3.4.3: Moving escalator Figure 3.4.3: Dome
51 | P a g e
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY AND SITE ANALYSIS
4.1 Methodology
4.2 Site Analysis
52 | P a g e
4. METHODOLOGY AND SITE ANALYSIS

4.1 Methodology
4.1.1 Introduction
Exploratory design is an overall strategy developed to combine multiple aspects of research in a logical
and cohesive manner, ensuring effective addressing of a scientific topic. It is a model for data collection,
measurement, and analysis. It is important to note that the type of design chosen will be by the research
topic. A discovery problem is a particular problem, difficulty, contradiction, or lack of knowledge that
research seeks to solve. We can look for practical problems contributing to change or theoretical questions
contributing to knowledge.
4.1.2 Background Study
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations
and predictions about the universe.
4.1.3 Thesis Proposal
This particular thesis has been selected as part of the Bachelor of Architecture (B. Arch) program, focusing
on the government's proposition for a science city in Khulna. This proposal aligns with the "Education
through Entertainment" initiative led by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Government of
the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Reliable and authentic sources have been used to gather essential
information for this proposal.
4.1.4 Problem Findings
The problem of spatial quality and configuration of the existing establishment have been identified to
establish the research query of the thesis.
4.1.5 Literature Review
At the very first step, literature about science, division of science, museum typology, science museum
and modern science centers’ prospect to provide edutainment have been collected and studied. Moreover
national aspect of space science, science centers, gap between scientific achievement and knowledge of
the people about it are analyzed.
53 | P a g e
4.1.6 Data collection
Figure 4.1.6: Data Collection Process
Primary & Secondary Data Collect

Primary data was collected by visiting Novo Theater and several institutions and secondary data was
collected via newspaper and reports for seeing the present scientific condition.
Existing Novo Theater Visiting

To see present condition some existing novo theater were visited. One of them is in Dhaka, Rajshahi. The
Novo Theater was built by the ministry of science and technology Bangladesh.
Field Survey and Data Collection

In order to proceed with the design process and policy formulation necessary for the project, it is necessary
to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the project location and environment. Insight into the
context of the project identified a number of key questions in field research and data collection.
Novo Theater Development

 History and timelines
 Archetype
54 | P a g e
4.1.7 Data Analysis
Figure 4.1.7: Data analysis process
4.1.8 Methodological framework
Figure 4.1.8: Methodological framework
55 | P a g e
4.2 Site Analysis

4.2.1 Site Selection
The authority of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theater under Ministry of Science and
Technology of Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has selected the site for divisional
proposal of the project at Khulna. This site has been chosen for this thesis proposal.
4.2.2 Site Location
The site is located in Krishnanagar Mauza between Zero Point and Petrol Pump in Khulna.
The Site area is 10 acres.
Figure 4.2.2: Site Location
56 | P a g e
4.2.3 Site Accessibility
Figure 4.2.3: Site access Figure 4.2.3: Road network
The site is located near Khulna University from the east side and located beside the city bypass road. From
the north-west, south-west side – main view of the site and from the north-south some number of building
is located and from the east side main road is located that is less traffic.
57 | P a g e
4.2.4 Site justification
Figure 4.2.4: Climatic condition
1. Climatic considerations
i. The climate of the tropic of cancer is normally hot and dry.
ii. A short wet season June to September.
iii. Very little rainfall for rest of the year.
2. The site contains the important coordinate 22.8 N, 89.5°E.
4. The site is located near city bypass road. Which is a portion of highway. So, the site is easily accessible.
5. The site is located between Zero Point and Petrol Pump in Khulna. It beside the Khulna University
from the east side, from the west side there is also located some educational institution.
58 | P a g e
4.2.5 Site analysis

Site climate
The climate at the Tropic of Cancer is hot and dry.
Rainfall
The climate is monsoonal with a short wet season from June to September and very little rainfall during
the rest of the year.
Temperature
High temperature rate about 36 deg. max.
High sun exposure from south to west side.
Figure 4.2.5: Site analysis
59 | P a g e
4.2.6 Site surroundings
Figure 4.2.6: Site surrounding
4.2.7 Topographic analysis
Figure 4.2.7: Topography map
The site contains the coordinate 22.8 N, 89.5°E.

It’s elevated from sea level at 2 m.
The average elevation in Khulna is 3m.
60 | P a g e
4.2.8 Site photographs
Figure 4.2.8: Site photo
61 | P a g e
4.2.9 Site Morphology
Figure 4.2.9: Morphological changes
This three maps of different timelines show the morphological changes of the area.
The first map is of 2012 which depicts low amount of structures around the site. Most of the places were
more open.
The second map is of 2017 which depicts the development the residential zone from the north and south
side of the site.
The third map is of 2022 which depicts that the residential and commercial zones are spreading around
the site.
4.2.9 SWOT analysis

Strength
1. Strong road network.
2. beside institutional zone.
3. Easy accessibility.
4. it’s in a developing area, which has positive impact.
Weakness
1. Dust, Noise, Vibration, Exhaust gas are too much high due the highway.
2. No pedestrian access.
62 | P a g e
Opportunity
1. Increase general interest in astronomy.
2. Can be a recreational hub.
3. Income generation.
Threat
1. Unplanned development can be harm.
2. Rapid land encroachment.
4.2.10 Site section
The site is mild slope can be seen from east towards west
Figure 4.2.10: Site section
63 | P a g e
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS
5.1 Findings from site analysis

5.2 Global Practices
5.3 National Practices
5.4 National Organization
5.5 Design Consideration
5.6 Interacting With Site
5.7 Needed of Novo Theatre
5.8 Issue & Objective
5.9 Novo Theatre Activity
5.10 Planetarium Standard
5.11 Program Formulation
64 | P a g e
5. FINDINGS
5.1 Findings from site analysis
Figure 5.1: Project brief
5.2 Global Practices

It is not a well-known project in Bangladesh, It aims to reflect the scientific and technological progress of
mankind so far and to inspire the bright future ahead. It aims to reflect the scientific and technological
progress of mankind so far and to inspire the bright future ahead through an architectural milestone.
Figure 5.2: Global Distribution of planetarium
65 | P a g e
5.3 National Practices

Bangabandhu satellite-1
Launched on 11 may, 2018
First geostationary communication satellite.
Expansion of internet and telecommunication. Help during the emergency period of natural disaster.
Surveillance and national security.
Figure 5.3: Bangabandhu satellite-1
Onnesha nanosatellite
Launched on 3 June, 2017, First nanosatellite
Primary objective of the satellite was to image vegetation, urbanization, flood, water resources,
and forestry.
Figure 5.3: Onnesha nanosatellite
66 | P a g e
5.4 National Organization

Space research and remote sensing organization
Monitors agro-climatic conditions and water resources of Bangladesh. Conducts training, technical
research, surveys and monitors on space and remote sensing technologies and collaborates with national
or international organizations or institutions on relevant issues.
Bangladesh astronomical association
Works to create awareness and interest in astronomy and space science across the country.
To make the people concerned about Science and Astronomy.
Figure 5.4: National organization
5.5 Design Consideration
 Dust, noise, vibration, exhaust gas are too much due to highway.
 Proximity to educational institution offers easy access for publics, student
 The site is slope from east to west and sea level rise rate is high
Insufficient interactivity in exhibition space
5.6 Interacting With Site
 Natural buffer can be needed due to highway

 Creating a path that can be attractive to publics or student
 Raised plinth level
 Creating a path connected to different exhibition areas explored gradually
67 | P a g e
5.7 Needed of Novo Theatre

Khulna is the second-largest port city and third-largest district in the nation, it has a low rate of futuristic development. This
project will serve as an excellent platform for further high-tech growth and it can be a good source of informal education and
will be a good source of economic growth because it will attract visitors.
Figure 5.7: recreational spaces in Khulna
68 | P a g e
5.8 Issue & Objective

The issues of the project are related to our need inspiration, knowledge
Figure 5.8: Issue & Objective
5.9 Novo Theatre Activity

A memorable, involving physical experience. From small-scale interactive exhibits, to large-scale
fairground-type rides where visitors feel the physical effects of scientific ideas.
Successful museum plans give visitors an experience that combines intellectual engagement with a
memorable physical experience - what visitors see, hear, and feel as they move through the museum.
Figure 5.9: Activity of a Novo Theatre
69 | P a g e
5.10 Planetarium Standard
Figure 5.10: Planetarium standard
Figure 5.10: Planetarium standard plan, section Figure 5.10: Standard human eye
70 | P a g e
5.11 Program Formulation

5.11.1 Broad Program
Table 5.11.1: Broad Program
Proposed Program Case Study Literature Survey Government

Review
Exhibition/Museum * * * *
Planetarium * * * *
Meeting room * * * *
Library * * * *
Research * * *
Cafeteria * * * *
Bangabandhu Corner * * *
Conference Hall * * *
Parking * * * *
Admin * * * *
Observatory * *
Service Facilities * * * *
Amphitheatre * *
Outdoor Exhibition * * *
workshop * *
Reception * * * *
71 | P a g e
Landscape * * * *
Souvenir Shop * * * *
Prayer room * *
Lecture room * *
5.11.2 Planetarium Program

Table 5.11.2: Planetarium program
Program Area No Total area ( sqm)

(sqm)/per.
Projection 525 1 525
gallery
Control room 40 1 40
Projection room 40 40
Lobby 680 1 680
Equipment room 38 1 38
Technical room 33 1 33
Toilet 10 4 40
Management 48 1 48
Operating 40 1 40
72 | P a g e
5.11.3 Administration Program

Table 5.11.3: Administration program
Program Area (sqm)/per. No Total area ( sqm)

Director’s office 40 1 40
Deputy director’s office 37 2 74
Conference room 174 1 174
Administration office 100 1 100
Exhibition management 50 1 50
Meeting room 70 1 70
Staff room 54 1 54
Space theater operating room 46 1 46
Ride simulating operating 46 1 46
Waiting room 115 1 115
Toilet 10 4 40
CC tv 42 1 42
Engineer Section 214 1 214
Storage 46 1 46
Prayer room 70 1 70
73 | P a g e
5.11.4 Observatory Program

Table 5.11.4: Observatory program

Telescope Space 150 2 300
Equipment room 38 1 38
Technical 33 1 33
5.11.5 Service Program

Table 5.11.5: Service program

Electrical 80 1 80
Mechanical 60 1 60
Storage 66 1 66
Sub station 1900 1 1900
Toilet 10 4 40
Parking - - -
Technical 37 1 37
74 | P a g e
5.11.6 Museum Program

Table 5.11.6: Museum program

Exhibition pavilion 507 1 507
Permanent gallery 1630 1 1630
VR 35 4 140
Rocketry exhibit 205 1 205
Planetary 350 1 350
Asteroid 100 1 100
Science 296 1 296
Galaxy 222 1 222
Lobby + Lounge 265 1 265
Astronauts 225 1 225
Zero gravity 125 1 125
Astronomy 335 1 335
Spacecraft 222 1 222
75 | P a g e
5.11.7 Research Program

Table 5.11.7: Research program

Info. center 27 1 27
Library 48 1 48
Office 106 1 106
Seminar 106 1 106
Database 70 1 70
Workshop 97 2 194
Lecture room 70 1 70
Storage 27 1 27
Optics lab 48 1 48
Astronomy lab 106 1 106
Planet modeling lab 106 1 106
Dining 70 1 70
Audio visual lab 97 1 97
Simulation lab 126 1 126
Meeting 70 1 70
76 | P a g e
5.11.8 Others Program

Table 5.11.8: Others program

Reception 30 1 30
Ticket Counter 20 1 20
Public Lobby 530 1 530
Souvenir Shop 15 4 90
Library 72 1 72
Cafeteria 222 1 222
Coffee shop 83 1 83
Outdoor Exhibits - - -
Amphitheater
Landscape
77 | P a g e
CHAPTER 6
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
6.1 Design Idea

6.2 Design Development
6.3 Design Solution
78 | P a g e
6. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
6.1 Design Idea
6.1.1 Exploring Knowledge
The universe is huge, but we have limited knowledge about it. Still, our curiosity drives us to seek more
knowledge, see more of it. We want to go on an exploratory environment, where we can KNOW THE
UNKNOWN KNOWLEDGE.
The journey to the universe is an awe-inspiring exploration that unveils the vastness, complexity, and
wonders of outer space. It takes us on a cosmic voyage, unraveling the mysteries of galaxies, stars, planets,
black holes, and various celestial phenomena. This expedition allows us to contemplate the enormity of
the cosmos, sparking curiosity about our place in the universe and prompting us to seek a deeper
understanding of the wonders that lie beyond Earth's boundaries.
Figure 6.1.1: Exploring Knowledge
6.1.2 Creating Journey

The site is imagined as a super ciliary space. A spacecraft travel in space in particular way that makes a
journey in the space.
There is no powerful engine which can take a spacecraft directly to the lunar orbit. For this reason,
spacecraft takes advantage of the speed and gravity of the earth.
In simple words, understand it like this - the way when you get down from a slow moving bus or train,
you get down in its direction. In such a situation, the risk of falling is very less.
In the same way, by keeping pace with its speed in the direction of the earth, the gravity pull is reduced
by circling around it. In such a situation, the risk of rocket or spacecraft falling on Earth is less.
79 | P a g e
Whereas if you send the rocket directly towards the space, then the gravitational power of Earth will pull
you faster. The earth rotates on its axis at a speed of about 1,600 kilometers per hour. The rocket or
spacecraft get the benefit of it. It revolves around the earth and changes its orbit again and again. It takes
time to change these classes. The spacecraft first made several rounds of earth, then traveled in a long
distance lunar transit orbit.
After this, the spacecraft orbit paths around the moon were changed. This whole process takes a long
time. But the process of sending the spacecraft into deep space by rotating it around the earth is less
expensive.
Figure 6.1.2: Spacecraft Travel
80 | P a g e
6.1.3 Providing Journey Experience

Main concept of the project is emphasing the bond between astronomy and space science and showing
the harmony between the two sciences. Emphasing this bond by abstracting each science to an
architectural style which is representing each science, Using rigid and deconstructrual architecture style
as a representative for space journey -inspired from the design of the spacecraft - And smooth
architecture as a representative for Space astronomy - inspired from curvy shapes of galaxies and planets
and orbital motion of the elements of the whole universe..
Figure 6.1.3: Design Element
81 | P a g e
6.2 Design Development

6.2.1 Form Generation
The form of the buildings is inspired from the spacecraft which is developed by abstracting it which is
the tool to reach the space and the buildings are also the tool to achieve project's functions.
Figure 6.2.1: Basic Form Generation
6.2.2 Shape Development
Figure 6.2.2: Shape Development
82 | P a g e
6.2.3 Zoning
Figure 6.2.3: Defining Zoning
83 | P a g e
6.3 Design Solution

6.3.1 Perspective View
Figure 6.3.1: Perspective View
84 | P a g e
6.3.2 Master Plan
Figure 6.3.2: Master Plan
85 | P a g e
6.3.3 Upper Floor Plan
Figure 6.3.3: Upper Floor Plan
86 | P a g e
6.3.4 Sections
87 | P a g e
Figure 6.3.4: Sections
6.3.5 Elevations
Figure 6.3.5: Elevations
88 | P a g e
6.3.6 Entry View
Figure 6.3.6: Entry View
6.3.7 Observatory View
Figure 6.3.7: Observatory View
89 | P a g e
6.3.8 Planetarium
Figure 6.3.8: Planetarium
6.3.9 Telescope Park
Figure 6.3.9: Telescope Park
90 | P a g e
6.3.10 Waterbody
Figure 6.3.10: Waterbody
6.3.11 Interior View
Figure 6.3.11: Interior View
91 | P a g e
6.3.12 Hand Made Model
Figure 6.3.12: Hand Made Model
92 | P a g e
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSIONS
93 | P a g e
7. CONCLUSIONS
Edutainment is a Novo Theater's primary component. A wide range of ages of people travel to Novo
Theatre and each visitor's main motive for being there is not only to learn but also to engage in
entertainment and go on excursions. Besides, other classes of people are found who engage themselves in
various astronomical research and visit Novo Theatre. Therefore, the city ought to be both entertaining
and educational. Creating a landmark and interesting spaces is an architect's main objective in order to
provide visitors with both entertainment and knowledge. However, implementing account of circulation
patterns, open spaces, adequate lighting, and acoustical treatment features to incorporate in the resulting
building design, this design yet measures to create a space for the public as well as users. To understand
and develop the space in a way that will enable the user to become connected and attached to it. It is
necessary for understanding the significance of outdoor learning areas and recreational spaces in public
spaces such as museums.
94 | P a g e
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science
 https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/astronomy/what-is-
astronomy#:~:text=Astronomy%20is%20the%20study%20of,faraway%20galaxies%20and%20ti
ny%20particles.
 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/planetarium
 https://www.goto.co.jp/english/whats_a_planetarium/theater/
 https://www.ips-planetarium.org/page/planetariumeducationvalue
 https://www.teecom.com/blog/how-to-design-a-planetarium
 https://www.britannica.com/science/science-museum
 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Science_museum#Historical_background
 https://www.colorado.edu/ness/science/cosmic-dawn
 https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/what-is-edutainment/
 https://www.tiqets.com/blog/interactive-museum/
 https://parametric-architecture.com/6-futuristic-museums-and-their-exhibitions-you-should-see/
 https://www.showcase.com.bd/stud ent-thesis/illustration-of-the- cosmos-bangabandhu-sheikh-
mujibur-rahman-novo-theater- student-thesis/
 http://www.novotheatre.gov.bd/
 https://www.ennead.com/work/shanghai-astronomy-museum
 https://www.arch2o.com/shanghai-planetarium-ennead-architects/
 https://sciencecitykolkata.org.in/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_City,_Kolkata
 https://www.scribd.com/document/489900906/Case-study-Science-City-Kolkata
 https://archistudent.net/kolkata-science-city-museum/
 https://www.archdaily.com/965203/shanghai-astronomy-museum-ennead-architects
 https://www.designboom.com/architecture/worlds-largest-astronomy-museum-ennead-architects-
shanghai-07-08-2021/
 https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202306/14/WS64893328498ea274927bf672/shanghai-
astronomy-museum.html
95 | P a g e
 https://parametric-architecture.com/shanghai-astronomy-museum-designed-by-ennead-
architects/
 https://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/bangabandhu-1-bd-1-communication-satellite/
 https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/countrys-first-nano-satellite-launched-1429996
 https://www.nanosats.eu/sat/brac-onnesha
 http://www.sparrso.gov.bd/
 https://www.astronomybangla.com/
 https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Bangladesh_Astronomical_Association
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Research_and_Remote_Sensing_Organization
 https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/bcb-in-ground-crisis-ahead-of-ncl-13361
 https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g667472-d12113853-Reviews-
1971_Genocide_Torture_Archive_Museum-Khulna_City_Khulna_Division.html
 https://www.google.com.pk/travel/hotels/entity/ChkI9qrp6ajOjvwFGg0vZy8xMWR6dDVzeHlx
EAQ?ved=0CAAQ5JsGahcKEwiI0Ier2reDAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA&ts=CAEaBAoCGg
AqBAoAGgA
 https://shilpakala.khulna.gov.bd/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khulna_Divisional_Museum
 https://steemit.com/travel/@skwth/shahid-hadis-park-khulna-bangladesh-77d0456d43669
 https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-chandrayaan-3-moon-landing-why-is-it-taking-3-days-to-
cover-a-distance-of-25-km-how-does-isro-control-gravity-earth-vikram-lander-pragyaan-rover-
lunar-orbit-module-nasa-250148#:~:text=Chandrayaan-
3%20first%20made%205,around%20earth%20is%20less%20expensive
 https://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%
A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%
A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&
action=edit&redlink=1
 https://www.bbc.com/bengali/topics/cjgn72w1557t
 https://science.nasa.gov/learn/basics-of-space-flight/chapter9-1/
 https://www.tbsnews.net/features/habitat/bangabandhu-military-museum-when-architecture-
brings-bravery-and-history-life
96 | P a g e
 https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/chandrayaan-3-has-covered-about-two-thirds-of-
distance-to-moon-isro-mission/article67157706.ece
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
 https://spacecraft.fandom.com/wiki/Space_Shuttle
97 | P a g e
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.8: Structure of the study ............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 2.1: different aspects of science..................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.2: astronomical aspects ............................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2.3: planetarium show ................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2.3.2: planetarium timeline ............................................................................................................ 22
Figure 2.3.3: horizontal dome planetarium ............................................................................................... 23
Figure 2.3.3: tilted dome planetarium ....................................................................................................... 23
Figure 2.3.4: Planetarium component ....................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3.1.1: location of Kolkata science city .......................................................................................... 31
Figure 3.1.1: Kolkata science city............................................................................................................. 32
Figure 3.1.2.1: plan of Kolkata science city ............................................................................................. 32
Figure 3.1.2.2: functional zoning .............................................................................................................. 33
Figure 3.1.2.3: guide map of Kolkata science city ................................................................................... 33
Figure 3.1.2.4: aerial view of Kolkata science city................................................................................... 33
Figure 3.1.3.1: ziggurat of UR .................................................................................................................. 34
Figure 3.1.3.2: different forms of Kolkata science city ............................................................................ 34
Figure 3.1.4.1: Dynamotion hall ............................................................................................................... 35
Figure 3.1.4.1: Dynamotion hall plan ....................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3.1.4.2: Dynamotion hall section ................................................................................................... 38
Figure 3.1.4.3: Convention centre............................................................................................................. 39
Figure 3.1.4.4: Main Auditorium .............................................................................................................. 39
Figure 3.1.4.5: Science Park ..................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 3.1.4.6: Earth Exploration Hall...................................................................................................... 40
Figure 3.1.4.7: Space Odyssey.................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 3.2.1: Shanghai Astronomical Museum ........................................................................................ 43
Figure 3.2.1: Drawing Inspiration ............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 3.2.1: Interior spaces...................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 3.2.2: Plan and section ................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 3.2.2: journey of the museum ........................................................................................................ 46
Figure 3.2.3: Interior & Structures ............................................................................................................ 46
98 | P a g e
Figure 3.3.1: Novo theatre, Dhaka ............................................................................................................ 47

Figure 3.3.1: Novo theatre, Dhaka ............................................................................................................ 48
Figure 3.3.2: Geodesic structure ............................................................................................................... 48
Figure 3.3.2: Load distribution ................................................................................................................. 48
Figure 3.4.1: Bangabandhu Military Museum, Dhaka ............................................................................. 49
Figure 3.4.2: Site plan ............................................................................................................................... 50
Figure 3.4.2: Bangabandhu Military Museum 2nd floor plan .................................................................. 51
Figure 3.4.3: Moving escalator ................................................................................................................. 51
Figure 3.4.3: Dome ................................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 4.1.6: Data Collection Process....................................................................................................... 54
Figure 4.1.7: Data analysis process........................................................................................................... 55
Figure 4.1.8: Methodological framework ................................................................................................. 55
Figure 4.2.2: Site Location........................................................................................................................ 56
Figure 4.2.3: Site access............................................................................................................................ 57
Figure 4.2.3: Road network ...................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 4.2.4: Climatic condition ............................................................................................................... 58
Figure 4.2.5: Site analysis ......................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 4.2.6: Site surrounding .................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 4.2.7: Topography map.................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 4.2.8: Site photo ............................................................................................................................. 61
Figure 4.2.9: Morphological changes ....................................................................................................... 62
Figure 4.2.10: Site section ........................................................................................................................ 63
Figure 5.1: Project brief ............................................................................................................................ 65
Figure 5.2: Global Distribution of planetarium ........................................................................................ 65
Figure 5.3: Bangabandhu satellite-1 ......................................................................................................... 66
Figure 5.3: Onnesha nanosatellite ............................................................................................................. 66
Figure 5.4: National organization ............................................................................................................. 67
Figure 5.7: recreational spaces in Khulna ................................................................................................. 68
Figure 5.8: Issue & Objective ................................................................................................................... 69
Figure 5.9: Activity of a Novo Theatre ..................................................................................................... 69
Figure 5.10: Planetarium standard ............................................................................................................ 70
Figure 5.10: Planetarium standard plan, section ....................................................................................... 70
99 | P a g e
Figure 5.10: Standard human eye ............................................................................................................. 70

Figure 6.1.1: Exploring Knowledge.......................................................................................................... 79
Figure 6.1.2: Spacecraft Travel ................................................................................................................. 80
Figure 6.1.3: Design Element ................................................................................................................... 81
Figure 6.2.1: Basic Form Generation ........................................................................................................ 82
Figure 6.2.2: Shape Development ............................................................................................................. 82
Figure 6.2.3: Defining Zoning .................................................................................................................. 83
Figure 6.3.1: Perspective View ................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 6.3.2: Master Plan .......................................................................................................................... 85
Figure 6.3.3: Upper Floor Plan ................................................................................................................. 86
Figure 6.3.4: Sections ............................................................................................................................... 88
Figure 6.3.5: Elevations ............................................................................................................................ 88
Figure 6.3.6: Entry View .......................................................................................................................... 89
Figure 6.3.7: Observatory View................................................................................................................ 89
Figure 6.3.8: Planetarium .......................................................................................................................... 90
Figure 6.3.9: Telescope Park .................................................................................................................... 90
Figure 6.3.10: Waterbody ......................................................................................................................... 91
Figure 6.3.11: Interior View ..................................................................................................................... 91
Figure 6.3.12: Hand Made Model ............................................................................................................. 92
100 | P a g e
LIST OF TABLES
Table 5.11.1: Broad Program .................................................................................................................... 71
Table 5.11.2: Planetarium program .......................................................................................................... 72
Table 5.11.3: Administration program...................................................................................................... 73
Table 5.11.4: Observatory program .......................................................................................................... 74
Table 5.11.5: Service program .................................................................................................................. 74
Table 5.11.6: Museum program ................................................................................................................ 75
Table 5.11.7: Research program ............................................................................................................... 76
Table 5.11.8: Others program ................................................................................................................... 77
101 | P a g e
REFERENCES
 Ng, W.K.B., Appel-Meulenbroek, R., Cloodt, M. and Arentze, T., 2022. Exploring science park
location choice: A stated choice experiment among Dutch technology-based firms. Technological
Forecasting and Social Change, 182, p.121796.
 Vicente-Saez, R., Gustafsson, R. and Van den Brande, L., 2020. The dawn of an open exploration
era: Emergent principles and practices of open science and innovation of university research teams
in a digital world. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 156, p.120037.
 Orhun, S.E., Campus, D. and Street, D., 2012. A study on transforming the museums through
interactive exhibiting. The Transformative Museum, p.279.
 Kostera, M., 2012. Organizations and archetypes. Edward Elgar Publishing.
 United Nations. Office for Outer Space Affairs, 1992. Planetarium, a Challenge for Educators: A
Guidebook Published by the United Nations for International Space Year. UN.
 Lantz, E.D., 2011. Planetarium of the Future. Curator: The Museum Journal, 54(3), pp.293-312.
 Wilson, P.R., 1994. Solar and stellar activity cycles (No. 24). Cambridge University Press.
 Mariyam, A.S., 2023, May. The Importance of Planetarium as Astronomy Education Center in
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya: A Preliminary Study. In 1st UMSurabaya
Multidisciplinary International Conference 2021 (MICon 2021) (pp. 59-71). Atlantis Press.
 Maldonado, E., Olgin, J.G. and De La O, O., 2018, March. Impact of Planetariums in Education,
Community Engagement, and STEM Related Fields. In 49th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science
Conference (No. 2083, p. 2714).
 Gülen, S., 2018. Determination of the Effect of the Planetarium Activities on the Students. Online
Submission, 5(2), pp.48-65.
 Türk, C. and Kalkan, H., 2015. The effect of planetariums on teaching specific astronomy
concepts. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24, pp.1-15.
 Yu, K.C., Sahami, K., Sahami, V. and Sessions, L.C., 2015. Using a Digital Planetarium for
Teaching Seasons to Undergraduates. Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education, 2(1),
pp.33-50.
102 | P a g e
 Everding, D.J. and Keller, J.M., 2020. Survey of the academic use of planetariums for
undergraduate education. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 16(2), p.020128.
 Malik, D.P.S. and Dhiman, D.B., 2022. Science Communication in India: Current Trends and
Future Vision. Journal of Media & Management, 4(5), pp.1-4.
 Islam, M., 2021. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theatre Rajshahi (Doctoral
dissertation, Brac University).
 Aishwarya, A., 2016. In through and beyond: a space science learning centre (Doctoral
dissertation, BRAC University).
 Oyshi, S.F., 2022. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theater, Barisal (Doctoral
dissertation, Brac University).
 Karim, S.R., Sakib, S., Islam, M.T. and Ahamed, F.S., 2018. A Review of Communications
Satellite by Focusing on ‘Bangabandhu Satellite-1’, the First GEO Communications Satellite of
Bangladesh. International Journal of Networks and Communications, 8(5), pp.123-128.
 Asaduzzaman, M., 2017. The Impact of Bangabandhu Satellite on Telecom Sector in Bangladesh.
 Haque, M.A. and Arifin, J., 2017. Eshtablishment of" BRAC Onnesha" nano sattelite ground
station and comparative analysis of different types of antenna as a portable low earth orbit sattelite
ground station receiving antenna (Doctoral dissertation, BRAC University).
 Alsalmani, A., 2023. DESIGN MODULAR COMMAND AND DATA HANDLING
SUBSYSTEM HARDWARE ARCHITECTURES.
 Bhaban, M.B., Agalgaon, S.E. and Bangla Nagar, D., Bangladesh Space Research and Remote
Sensing Organization (SPARRSO).
103 | P a g e
ANNEX
A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed to fly in outer space and operate there. Spacecraft are used for a
variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space
colonization, planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo. All spacecraft except single-
stage-to-orbit vehicles cannot get into space on their own, and require a launch vehicle.
Types of Spacecraft:
Robotic spacecraft are specially designed and constructed systems that can function in specific hostile
environments. Their complexity and capabilities vary greatly and their purposes are diverse. To make
some sense of all these variables, this chapter arbitrarily designates eight broad classes of robotic
spacecraft according to the missions the spacecraft are intended to perform:
1. Flyby Spacecraft
Flyby spacecraft conducted the initial reconnaissance phase of solar system exploration. They follow a
continuous solar orbit or escape trajectory, never to be captured into a planetary orbit. They must have the
capability of using their instruments to observe targets they pass. Ideally, their optical instruments can pan
to compensate for the target's apparent motion in the instruments' field of view. They must downlink data
to Earth, storing data onboard during the periods when their antennas are off Earth point. They must be
able to survive long periods of interplanetary cruise. Flyby spacecraft may be designed to be stabilized in
3 axes using thrusters or reaction wheels, or to spin continuously for stabilization.
104 | P a g e
2. Orbiter Spacecraft
A spacecraft designed to travel to a distant planet and enter into orbit about it must carry a substantial
propulsive capability to decelerate it at the right moment, to achieve orbit insertion. It has to be designed
to live with the fact that solar occultation’s will occur, wherein the planet shadows the spacecraft, cutting
off any solar panels' production of electrical power and subjecting the vehicle to extreme thermal variation.
Earth occultations will also occur, cutting off uplink and downlink communications with Earth. Orbiter
spacecraft are carrying out the second phase of solar system exploration, following up the initial
reconnaissance with in-depth study of each of the planets. The extensive list includes Magellan, Galileo,
Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Cassini, and Messenger.
105 | P a g e
3. Atmospheric Spacecraft
Atmospheric spacecraft are designed for a relatively short mission to collect data about the atmosphere of
a planet or satellite. One typically has a limited complement of spacecraft subsystems. For example, an
atmospheric spacecraft may have no need for propulsion subsystems or attitude and articulation control
system subsystems at all. It does require an electric power supply, which may simply be batteries, and
telecommunications equipment for tracking and data relay. Its scientific instruments may take direct
measurements of an atmosphere's composition, temperature, pressure, density, cloud content and
lightning.
4. Lander Spacecraft
Lander spacecraft are designed to reach the surface of a planet and survive long enough to telemeter data
back to Earth. Examples have been the highly successful Soviet Venera landers which survived the harsh
conditions on Venus while carrying out chemical composition analyses of the rocks and relaying color
images, JPL's Viking landers at Mars, and the Surveyor series of landers at Earth's moon, which carried
out similar experiments.
106 | P a g e
5. Penetrator Spacecraft
Surface penetrators have been designed for entering the surface of a body, such as a comet, surviving an
impact of hundreds of Gs, measuring, and telemetering the properties of the penetrated surface. Penetrator
data would typically be telemetered to an orbiter craft for re-transmission to Earth. As of January 2013,
only small number of Penetrator missions have been attempted. The Comet Rendezvous / Asteroid Flyby
(CRAF) mission included a cometary penetrator, but the mission was cancelled in 1992 due to budget
constraints. The twin Deep Space 2 penetrators, which piggybacked to Mars aboard the Mars Polar Lander,
succeeded in striking the Martian soil on December 3, 1999. Unfortunately, no data was transmitted.
6. Rover Spacecraft
Electrically-powered rover spacecraft are designed, assembled, tested, launched, and operated by JPL as
part of the effort to explore Mars. The first Mars Rover was carried by the Mars Pathfinder lander, which
touched down on July 4, 1997. The small, highly successful solar-powered mobile system was named
Sojourner. Its rocker-bogie mobility system proved so successful that the same system has been scaled up
and used on all Mars rovers to date.
107 | P a g e
7. Observatory Spacecraft
An observatory spacecraft does not travel to a destination to explore it. Instead, it occupies an Earth
orbit, or a solar orbit, from where it can observe distant targets free of the obscuring and blurring effects
of Earth's atmosphere.
8. Communications & Navigation Spacecraft

Communications and navigation spacecraft are abundant in Earth orbit, but they are largely incidental to
JPL's missions. The Deep Space Network's Ground Communications Facility does make use of Earth-
orbiting communications spacecraft to transfer data among its sites in Spain, Australia, California, and
JPL. The Deep Space Network uses Earth-orbiting Global Positioning System navigation spacecraft to
maintain an accurate time reference throughout the network.
108 | P a g e

Pre Thesis New

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pre Thesis New

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN NOVO THEATER

BATIAGHATA, KRISHNANAGAR, KHULNA

MD. ASHIKUR RAHMAN

BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN NOVO THEATER

Md. Raihan Khan,

Rifat Bin Firoz,

I am really grateful to all of my teachers of the Department of Architecture, Khulna University of

Thanks to Allah and my parents.

2.5 Interaction in Science Museums ................................................................................................................. 27

3.4.3 Interior analysis .................................................................................................................................... 51

5.1 Findings from site analysis .......................................................................................................................... 65

6.2 Design Development..................................................................................................................................... 82

1.1 Project briefing

1.2.1 Global context

1.2.2 National context

1.3 Issue identification

1.6 Significance of project in the context of Bangladesh

1.8 Structure of the study

Fig 1.8: Structure of the study

2.1 Definition of Science

Figure 2.1: different aspects of science

Figure 2.2: astronomical aspects

2.3 Definition of Planetarium

Figure 2.3: planetarium show

2.3.1 Background of Planetarium

Figure 2.3.2: planetarium timeline

2.3.3 Typology of Planetarium

Horizontal Dome Planetarium:

 Offer easy accessibility to audience members with limited personal mobility

Figure 2.3.3: horizontal dome planetarium

Figure 2.3.3: tilted dome planetarium

2.3.4 Components of Planetarium

Figure 2.3.4: Planetarium component

2.3.5 Significance of Planetarium

2.4 Definition and History of Science Museums

2.5 Interaction in Science Museums

2.6 Characteristics of Interactivity

2.7 Impact of Planetarium

2.8 Planetarium Archetype Analysis

3.1 Kolkata Science City, Kolkata, India

3.1.1 Project Overview

Owner: National Council of Science Museum.

Figure 3.1.1: location of Kolkata science city

Figure 3.1.1: Kolkata science city

Figure 3.1.2.1: plan of Kolkata science city

Figure 3.1.2.4: aerial view of Kolkata science city

3.1.3 Style of Architecture

Figure 3.1.3.1: ziggurat of UR

Figure 3.1.3.2: different forms of Kolkata science city

3.1.4 Planning function and circulation

Figure 3.1.4.1: Dynamotion hall

Figure 3.1.4.1: Dynamotion hall plan

Figure 3.1.4.2: Dynamotion hall section

Figure 3.1.4.3: Convention centre

Figure 3.1.4.4: Main Auditorium

Figure 3.1.4.5: Science Park

Figure 3.1.4.6: Earth Exploration Hall

Figure 3.1.4.7: Space Odyssey

 FAR provides 0.34.

3.1.8 Area Programming

Spaces Built up Area (sq. m.)

Souvenir shops 270

3.2 Shanghai Astronomical Museum, China