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    The document discusses the relationship between language and worldview, explaining that language is symbolic and can impact naming, identity, affiliation, power dynamics, responsibility, gender differences, and culture through both barriers and bridges of understanding. It covers linguistic relativity, rules that govern meaning, misunderstandings, stereotyping, powerless speech patterns, disruptive versus responsible language, and differences in conversational styles between genders and cultures.

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    Com. St. 35 - Notes - Chapter Five - 2

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    The document discusses the relationship between language and worldview, explaining that language is symbolic and can impact naming, identity, affiliation, power dynamics, responsibility, gender differences, and culture through both barriers and bridges of understanding. It covers linguistic relativity, rules that govern meaning, misunderstandings, stereotyping, powerless speech patterns, disruptive versus responsible language, and differences in conversational styles between genders and cultures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    5 views5 pages

    Com. St. 35 - Notes - Chapter Five - 2

    Uploaded by

    Zineb L
    The document discusses the relationship between language and worldview, explaining that language is symbolic and can impact naming, identity, affiliation, power dynamics, responsibility, gender differences, and culture through both barriers and bridges of understanding. It covers linguistic relativity, rules that govern meaning, misunderstandings, stereotyping, powerless speech patterns, disruptive versus responsible language, and differences in conversational styles between genders and cultures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter Five – Language: Barrier and Bridge

    Language and Worldview

    Linguistic Relativism

    Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

    Language is Symbolic

    Understandings and Misunderstandings

    Semantic Rules – assign meaning to words

    Equivocation

    Relative Language

    Static Evaluation

    Abstraction

    Behavioral Language

    Stereotyping

    Confusing others

    Syntactic Rules - Grammar

    Pragmatic Rules – way speech operates in everyday interaction

    How to interpret messages in a given context

    Coordination

    Impact of Language

    Naming and Identity

    Affiliation

    Convergence

    Divergence

    Liking/Interest

    Demonstrative pronoun choice


    Sequential placement

    Negation

    Power

    Powerless speech mannerisms

    Hedges

    Hesitations

    Intensifiers

    Polite Forms

    Tag Questions

    Disclaimers

    Rising Inflection

    Disruptive Language

    Fact-Opinion Confusion

    Fact-Inference Confusion

    Emotive Language

    The Language of Responsibility

    “It” Statements

    “But” Statements

    Questions

    “I” and “You” Language “I” Language

    Describes the other’s behavior

    Your interpretations

    Your feelings
    Consequences of the other’s behavior has for you

    Advantages of “I”

    Accepts Responsibility

    Reduces Defensiveness

    Is More Accurate

    Reservations

    Anger Can Restrict You

    Others Still Get Defensive

    Can Sound Artificial

    “We” Language

    Signals Inclusion and Commitment

    Can Speak Improperly for Others

    Gender and Language

    Content

    Common Topics

    Sex Talk Restricted to Same

    Gender - Many Topics Vary

    Reasons for Communicating

    Build and Maintain Social Relationships

    Men use more joking and teasing

    Women focus on feelings, relationships and personal problems

    Women Nourish Relationships

    Support

    Equality
    Keep conversation going

    Express empathy

    Men Accomplish Tasks Jobs

    Control

    Preserve independence

    Enhance status

    Conversational Style

    Men Judge, Direct, and Make for “I” References


    Women Ask More Questions, Intensifiers, Emotional

    References, Uncertainty, and Contradictions

    Accommodation

    Nongender Variables

    Occupation

    Social Philosophy

    Gender Roles

    Culture and Language

    Verbal Communication Styles

    Low-context (Individualistic)

    Self-expression valued

    Clear, eloquent, fluency

    Majority of information on explicit cues (time, place,


    relationships), directness

    Informality

    Elaborate
    High-context (Collectivistic)

    Relational harmony valued

    Contextual verbal messages

    Talk around the point, ambiguity and silence, indirectness

    Formal

    Succinctness

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