G.R.

Oetzel,
Non-infectious Diseases: Milk Fever☆,
Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (Third Edition),
Academic Press, 2022,Pages 414-422, ISBN 9780128187678,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818766-1.00164-1.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128187661001641)
Abstract: Hypocalcemia in parturient dairy cows causes progressive neuromuscular
dysfunction with flaccid paralysis, circulatory collapse, and depression of
consciousness. Hypocalcemia in goats causes combinations of tetany and flaccid
paralysis. Clinical cases of milk fever generally respond well to treatment;
however, costs are high owing to lingering complications. Subclinical hypocalcemia
is costlier because it affects a high proportion of older animals. The pathogenesis
of hypocalcemia is complex and involves several interdependent pathways. Strategies
for preventing hypocalcemia include dietary calcium restriction (or feeding calcium
binders), dietary acidification, limiting dietary phosphorus, increasing dietary
magnesium or sulfur, vitamin D supplementation, and prophylactic calcium
administration.
Keywords: Calcium chloride; Calcium metabolism; Calcium propionate; Hypocalcemia;
Hypomagnesemia; Metabolic diseases; Milk fever; Oral calcium supplements;
Paralysis; Parathyroid hormone; Parturient paresis; Subclinical hypocalcemia;
Vitamin D

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