SAE INTERNATIONAL

An Overview of SAE International

Standards Activities Related to Charging
of Hybrid / Electric Vehicles

Keith Wilson,
Director, Technical Programs
Ground Vehicle Standards
SAE International
 SAE Global Ground Vehicle Standards in a Nutshell

• 145,000+ SAE • 8,375 Standards • 609 • 2,898

members Published Technical Companies
worldwide • 1,817 Standards Committees
• Representatives
• Representatives Maintained • 9,933 from 50 Countries
from 100 • 491 WIP Standards Committee
Countries Members
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 Criteria for and benefits of Standards Development
 Establishes Best Practices
 Enhance safety
 Create common language
 Facilitate trade through reduced regulations
 Voluntary & Collaborative Effort
 Harmonize global markets
 Leverages Industry Expertise
 Improve the environment
 Provide Foundational Elements
 Increase productivity of processes
 Speeds Technology Advancement
 Permit common interfaces
 Addresses Common Pinch Points
 Promote uniform testing or performance
 Reduce costs
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SAE EV, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Development

Fuel Hybrid Sound

SAE EV / Hybrid Vehicle Steering Committee Economy & Wireless
Emissions Charging
 Started – 2005
EV & Hybrid
 Current Committee Membership Safety Terminology

 > 1100 Individual Participants Power Safety &

Quality for Abuse
 > 500 Companies Chargers Testing

SAE EV/Hybrid
• OEM’s Vehicle Steering
Fuel Cell Electric
Emissions Committee Motor Rating
• Suppliers
• Government
First &
• Academia Fuel Cell
Interface
Second
Responder
 10 EV / Hybrid Vehicle Subcommittees
Communication
 4 Fuel Cell Standards Subcommittees Fuel Cell &
Performance Interoperability
 70 SAE EV, Hybrid, Fuel Cell Vehicle
Conductive
Standards Published to Date Fuel Cell Charge
Safety Couplers
Fuel Cell
Terminology

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70 SAE EV, Hybrid, Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Published:
Economy, Range / Power
Battery Life Assessment (J2991, J1798, J2758, J2946, Crash Safety (J3040, Battery Labeling:
Testing: J240, J2185, J2288, J2572, J2907, J2908, J1634, J1766) J2936
J2801 J1711, J2711, 2)
Fuel Cell Fueling: J2600, Battery Packaging:
J2601, J2719, J2799, J1766, J1797
J2578, J2579
Battery Transport: J2950 Battery Power
Starter Battery: J1495, Rating: J2758
J2185, J240, J2801, J537,
J930 Battery Testing: J1798, Terminology: J1715,
J2288, J2289, J2380, J2574, J2760
J2758
Fuel Cell Testing: J2615, Battery Performance
J2616, J2617 Rating: J1798
Battery Recycling: J2984,
J2974
Fuel Cell Systems: J2579, Battery / EV / Fuel Cell -
J2594 Safety: J1766, J2344, J2910, Battery
J2929, J2464, J2990, J3108, Material EV Charging & Grid Communications:
Battery Functional
J2578 Properties: J1772, J1773, J2293, J2836, J2841,
Guidelines: J2289
J2983 J2847, J2894, J2931
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 SAE J1772 Revision 8

Manual AC & DC conductive connection for low and high power levels

Auto OEMs supported moving to higher power levels for charging (8th
revision)

SAE J1772 Task Force has raised the voltage and current limit of the SAE
Combo Connector
• Current limit from 200A to 350A
• Voltage limit from 500Vdc to 1000Vdc
• = 350kW Max Power

Publication completed: October 2017

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 SAE J3105 Overhead & Portal Charging

• Automated charging connection at high power- SAE J-3105

• Document will standardize the interface between the infrastructure and the bus
• Targeted towards in-route DC charging, for example to recharge at transit bus
during a short stop
• DC Power Levels (Voltage Range: 250-1,000 DC Volts) up to 1MW

• DC Power Levels
• Power Configurations
• Connection Points
• Communications
• Safety
• Alignment Protocol

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 SAE J3068 AC Depot Conductive Charging
Depot Charging - 3 Phase AC (J-3068) targeted towards charging at commercial and
industrial locations or other places where three-phase AC power is available and preferred
such as at commercial and industrial locations (160A 480VAC 3ø = 133kW)

Defines a conductive power transfer method including the digital communication system. It
also covers the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet, supply
equipment outlet, and mating housings and contacts

SAE J-3068 3 phase AC

Inverter/
Charger
CHARGER

BATTERY PACK

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SAE J2954 Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer

SAE J2954 Standard Development

SAE J2954 establishes • Inductive Charging Interoperability
minimum • Automated Charging
performance, • Power Transfer Communications
interoperability and • Smart Grid Interoperability
safety criteria for • Automatic Shutdown Capability
wireless charging of
• Autonomous Parking / Charging
EVs / PHEVs

• Charging Locations: Key aspects:

• Residential • Static applications (currently)
• Public • Efficiencies of over 85%
(Aligned)
• On-Road • Air gaps up to 25 cm
• Static (parking lots, curb • Safety Limits
side) • Validation Tests

SAE INTERNATIONAL
 SAE J2954 Task force Testing Protocols
SAE Standard will Define: Safety Limits
• Performance • EMF Limits with AAMI
EM Field
• Safety • EMC Limits
• Testing Methodologies
• Charge Levels • Positions / Orientations
Performance
• Location & Alignment • Efficiency Power Transfer

• Communications
• SAE J1211
SAE J2954 WPT Power Durability • ISO 16750
Classes • USCAR 37

WPT1 WPT2 WPT3 WPT4 • Object Detection

Safety • Temperature Test
3.7 kW 7.7kW 11 kW 22 kW
• Automatic Shutdown
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SAE EV Charging Communication Standards

SAE Plug-In Electric Vehicle Grid

Communication Standards
SAE J2847
SAE J2836
Detailed
™ Scope Scope
Info
Use cases
Messages
/1 Utility Programs * Utility Programs * /1
/2 Off-Board Charger Off-Board Charger /2
Communications Communications
/3 Reverse Energy Flow Reverse Energy Flow /3
/4 Diagnostics Diagnostics /4
/5 Customer and HAN Customer and HAN /5
/6 Wireless Charging Wireless Charging /6

 Series of Standards defining Use Cases, Information Messages and Communication formats
SAE INTERNATIONAL © Copyright 2016
 SAE EV Charging Communication Standards
SAE Grid Communication Standards
SAE J2931 Scope

/1 Power Line Carrier Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/2 In-Band Signaling Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
/3 PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/4 Broadband PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/5 Telematics Smart Grid Communications between Customers, Plug-

In Electric Vehicles (PEV), Energy Service Providers (ESP) and Home
Area Networks (HAN)
/6 Digital Communication for Wireless Charging Plug-in Electric
Vehicles
/7 Security for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Communications

Establishes the requirements for digital communication between Plug-In Vehicles (PEV), the Electric
Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and the utility or service provider
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EV Charging Safety and Interoperability Cooperative Research Project
Development of Standards and Test Procedures for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Safety and
Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment

Copyright (c) 2014 SAE International. All rights reserved.

Government/Industry Research Project
DOE Project: Advanced Vehicle Testing and Evaluation - Infrastructure Test and Evaluation

Project Objective: Establish requirements, specifications, test procedures and certification

processes to ensure the interoperability of PEV’s and PHEV’s and Electric Vehicle Supply
Equipment (EVSE).
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EV Charging Safety and Interoperability Cooperative Research Project
US Department of Energy
Who’s
participating in Intertek

Copyright (c) 2014 SAE International. All rights reserved.

the Project?
SAE International

11 OEMs (15 vehicles) 12 EVSE Suppliers

GM BMW
Toyota Daimler Siemens CMI EVSE
Eaton Add Energie
Nissan FCA
Clipper Creek GE
Honda Ford
Bosch MeritCharge
Mitsubishi VW Aerovironment Schneider Electric
Hyundai-Kia ChargePoint Telefonix

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EV Charging Safety and Interoperability Cooperative Research Project

Project Parameters Include:

Safety Interoperability
Functionality Charger efficiency

Copyright (c) 2014 SAE International. All rights reserved.

Vehicle to grid communication Bi-directional power flow

Applicable Standards:
SAE J2953 – “Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV)
Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply
Equipment (EVSE)”

SAE J1772 - SAE Electric Vehicle and Plug in

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler

Digital communication requirements specified within

SAE J2836™, J2847 and J2931 (use cases,
message sets, communication req. & protocol)

Is it safe and will it work?

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EV Charging Safety and Interoperability Cooperative Research Project

Over 20 different DOE Funded

plug in vehicle Cooperative
models Research Project

Copyright (c) 2014 SAE International. All rights reserved.

available in the
US

Round Robin
Testing Program Over 45 different
Level 2 AC chargers
available in the US
SAE INTERNATIONAL © Copyright 2016
SAE INTERNATIONAL

Contact Information:

Keith Wilson
Director, Technical Programs
Global Ground Vehicle Standards
SAE International

o +1.248.273.2470
e kwilson@sae.org