Scan for Practice Tutorial

PRACTICE & PROBLEM SOLVING Multimedia

Additional Exercises Available Online

UNDERSTAND PRACTICE

8. Communicate Precisely  Becky buys a new
hybrid grass seed that is supposed to require
only a small amount of water to grow. After
Becky plants the new seed, it rains every other
day for a two-week period, and the grass
grows well. Explain why this particular situation
cannot be used to support the claim about the
water required to grow the seed.
12. Tavon had an average time for the 100-yd dash
of 18 seconds. Since starting a strength-training
program, he has been running the 100-yd dash
in an average time of 15 seconds. Write the
null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis for
a statistical study to evaluate the effect of the
training on Tavon’s time in the 100-yd dash. 
SEE EXAMPLE 1

9. Error Analysis  Jake’s average bowling score 13. The coach wants to perform an experiment to
was 230. Jake bought a new bowling ball. Since determine whether strength training impacts
using the new bowling ball Jake’s average a runner’s speed. The coach completed several
score has improved to 250. He wrote the null trials and recorded the speeds of the 100-yd
hypothesis and alternative hypothesis for a dash (in seconds) of a sample of five track
statistical study to evaluate the effect of athletes both before and after they tried
the new ball on his bowling sscore. Explain strength training.  SEE EXAMPLE 2
his error.
Without Training 18 20 16 15 14
With Training 15 19 17 16 14

H0: s ≤ 250
Ha: s > 250
✗ a. Find the sample means and their difference.
Resample the data so that one group has
these data values: 15, 20, 17, 15, 14.
b. Identify the data values for the other group.
10. Generalize  Using the formula for margin
c. Calculate the difference of the means for the
​​  ​√2σ
of error, m = ___ ​​, explain why the larger a
__  
 n ​  two resample groups.
sample size is, the smaller the margin of error
should be. 14. The training regimen was tested again,
resulting in the data displayed below. Use a
11. Reason  Answer the following questions about simulation to randomize the data without
randomizing samples. replacement, creating 50 new groupings.
Create a histogram of the differences between
a.
Why is the method of randomizing samples
group means to display your results. Use the
used when working with experimental
data to draw a conclusion about the initial
data sets?
hypothesis.  SEE EXAMPLE 3
b. If the red vertical line in the histogram
shown represents the difference in the Without Vitamins 14 12 18 19 15
means of the original samples, then how With Vitamins 15 12 16 18 14

does it compare to the differences of the
means in the randomly generated samples? 15. Grain Goodness reports the average price for
60 a box of their granola is $3.87. A marketing
company selects a national sample of 100
50
retail prices and states the mean price was
40 $4.42. The standard deviation was $0.60.
Frequency

What is the margin of error for this new

30
sample?  SEE EXAMPLE 4
20

10

0
−2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Difference of Means

LESSON 11-6  Introduction to Hypothesis Testing  595

 Practice Tutorial
PRACTICE & PROBLEM SOLVING
Mixed Review Available Online

APPLY ASSESSMENT PRACTICE

16. Model with Mathematics  A botanist is doing
an experimental research study to determine
whether a certain fertilizer will increase the
yield of soybean plants. The botanist included
several soybean farmers in his study. The
average yield of soybeans for each farmer
(in bushels per acre) of the crops with and
without fertilizer are recorded in the table
shown.
Without Fertilizer 40 42 45
With Fertilizer 42 40 46
Find the means of both samples and their
difference. State how the average yield of the
soybean crops with the fertilizer compares
to the average yield of the soybean crops
without fertilizer.
17. Communicate Precisely  A randomization of
the data from Exercise 16, placed into two new
random groups, is shown in the table.
New Group 1 46 50 40
19. What are the different types of hypotheses
used in a statistical study? Select all that apply
Ⓐ experimental Ⓑ supported
Ⓒ alternative Ⓓ strategic
Ⓔ null
20. SAT/ACT  A survey found that 72% of freshmen
planned to take at least one spring break trip
while in college with a margin of error of
50 47 ±3.5%. Central U claims that 75% of freshman
49 48 plan trips. Is their claim reasonable?
Ⓐ No, their claim is not within the margin
of error.
Ⓑ No, their claim is within the margin of error.
Ⓒ Yes, their claim is not within the margin
of error.
Ⓓ Yes, their claim is within the margin of error.
21. Performance Task  Loaves of a particular brand
of wheat bread are labeled as weighing at least
16 oz. A consumer advocate studies the weights
42 47 of 500 loaves of this bread.

New Group 2 40 49 42 48 45
x– 5 15.6 oz
s 5 0.8 oz
a. Find the difference between the sample
means of the new groups.
b. Does it provide evidence that the difference
in the original two sample means is due
to the effects of the fertilizer or just due
to chance?

18. Make Sense and Persevere  The rules state that

a baseball must have a certain circumference.
What hypotheses Part A  Find ​​H​  0​​​ and ​​H​  a​​​.
would you test to
determine whether Part B  Calculate the margin of error.
the baseballs made
on a new machine Part C  Predict a range of reasonable values
are within the estimating the population parameter.
specifications?
Part D  Test the validity of the claim of the
Circumference weight printed on the labels.
within 3 mm
of 232 mm.

596  TOPIC 11  Data Analysis and Statistics Go Online | SavvasRealize.com