Apache

+ ORDS Quickstart für

Produk9onsumgebungen

Dietmar Aust
Opal-Consul9ng, Köln
www.opal-consul9ng.de
Opal Consul9ng

► Dipl.-Inform. Dietmar Aust, Freelance Consultant

▪  Master's Degree in Computer Science (MSCS)

► Building Oracle based Web Applica9ons since 1997

▪  Portal, Forms, Reports, OWA Toolkit, now APEX!

► 1997-2000: Consultant at Oracle Germany

► Since 09/2000: Freelance Consultant, Since 2006 – APEX

only!

► Blog: h]p://daust.blogspot.com/

► Regular presenter at Oracle conferences (ODTUG, DOAG,

OOW)

► Author of the JasperReportsIntegra9on toolkit

▪  h]p://www.opal-consul9ng.de/tools

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► 100 nominees in the categories (chosen by the community)
▪  SQL
▪  PL/SQL
▪  APEX
▪  ORDS
▪  Database Design

► 35 finalists

► Organized by Oracle , chosen through popular vote by the community

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Opal Consul9ng

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 Why And What?

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Why And What?

► WHAT?

► Set up a producMon environment for our Oracle APEX instance.

► Characteris9cs
▪  Fits 80% of deployments
▪  Intranet usage mainly
▪  “Basic” security measures and good performance

► The proposed setup is flexible and can be extended in order to sa9sfy more
elaborate requirements for higher security and even be]er performance

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Why And What?

► WHY?

► Infrastructure for Oracle APEX producMon environments oRen poorly

configured:
▪  S9ll use the embedded PL/SQL gateway
▪  ORDS connec9on pool not properly configured

► People find it hard to implement the recommended setup with an Apache

h]p server and ORDS, because it seems to be complicated

► My personal interest:

▪  Want to have a step-by-step guide to implement the recommended architecture
▪  Want to have a presenta9on to educate my clients regarding the architecture
and the best setup

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 Understanding the
Architecture

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 Understanding the Architecture
Overview and Components

http http JDBC

Oracle

https AJP SQLNet

Browser Webserver PL/SQL Gateway Oracle DB

Serve static files
 Translate URL 
 APEX: 


SSL termination
 /ords/f?p=100:1 
 Execute Logic
Cache / Proxy
 => 

Compression
 call to stored 
 &
... procedure Generate HTML

Apache Http Server,
 ORDS


Nginx, 
 mod_plsql
 Oracle 11.1.0.7 

IIS / Windows
 dbms_epg
 and higher
Apache Tomcat, 
 ...
 Oracle XE 11g
Oracle XML DB

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Understanding the Architecture
Consequences / Insights

► The WORK is done IN THE DATABASE

► The Webserver and PL/SQL gateway don’t need a lot of processing power,
most of the 9me idle

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Understanding the Architecture
Recommended Architecture

► The components in this presenta9on:

▪  Windows 7 32 bit (virtual machine)
▪  Apache 2.4
▪  Tomcat 8
▪  ORDS 3.0
▪  Oracle XE 11g
▪  APEX 5.0.1

TNS Listener
ORDS 3.0
Oracle
https AJP JDBC

Apache http Tomcat 8 Oracle XE 11g

Server 2.4 ORDS 3.0 APEX 5.0

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Understanding the Architecture
Database Users

ORDS is currently moving from APEX Dependency to APEX Independence

► ORDS needs a REPOSITORY to store its webservice defini9ons

► ORDS 2.0 ► ORDS 3.0

► Schemas ► Schemas
▪  APEX_040200 ▪  ORDS_METADATA
▪  APEX_LISTENER ▪  ORDS_PUBLIC_USER
▪  APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER
► Configuration via
► Configuration via ▪  SQL Developer
▪  APEX SQL Workshop ▪  PL/SQL API

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 Understanding the Architecture
Database Users OPTIONALLY installed 

when using 

REST services
APEX_PUBLIC_USER
APEX / OWA main connec9on pool
Size according to number of concurrent apex users
ORDS 2.0

APEX_LISTENER (with APEX 4.2.2+)

Reads REST Defini9ons from repository APEX_040200

APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER (with APEX 4.2.2+)

REST Connec9on pool for all REST opera9ons
Size according to concurent REST calls

► Users APEX_LISTENER and APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER were created using the

script apex_rest_config.sql as part of the APEX installa9on.

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 Understanding the Architecture
Database Users

► ORDS 3.0 support RESTful Webservices even without APEX

APEX_PUBLIC_USER
APEX / OWA main connec9on pool
Size according to number of concurrent apex users
ORDS 3.0

ORDS_METADATA
Stores REST Defini9ons

ORDS_PUBLIC_USER
REST Connec9on pool for all REST opera9ons
Size according to concurent REST calls

► Currently there is s9ll the need for the users APEX_LISTENER and
APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER:
▪  The new download of sta9c applica9on files and sta9c workspace files require it
▪  So that you can con9nue to use the management interface in the SQL Workshop
(else you have to use SQL Developer)

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Understanding the Architecture
Database Users

► Should we migrate the exis9ng RESTful defini9ons in our APEX environment?

▪  => !!! NO !!!

► What happens?
▪  They get copied over from APEX_050000 => ORDS_METADATA
▪  Now they exist in two places redundantly
▪  In this situa9on the defini9on stored in ORDS_METADATA “wins” over the
defini9on stored in APEX
▪  Through the management interface in APEX you s9ll manage the “OLD” defini9on

► This is too confusing, thus:

▪  Keep the defini9ons separate
▪  Either create new ones with SQL Dev directly or s9ll using the SQL Workshop in
APEX

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 Installa9on

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Installa9on
Overview of the Installa9on

Layered Approach, step by step

► Install / configure repository and users in database

► Configure connec9on pool for ORDS

► Start in standalone mode, then TEST it

► Deploy ORDS to Tomcat, then TEST it

► Configure Apache h]p Server as a proxy to Tomcat, then TEST it

► Security and Op9miza9ons

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Installa9on
Install / configure repository and users in database

► Regular install of APEX 5.0

▪  apex_ins.sql

► Configure apex REST support

▪  apex_rest_config.sql
▪  User APEX_LISTENER and
APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER
are created

apex_rest_config.sql must
also be executed aRer the upgrade
to APEX 5.0 !!! Even if it was
installed in APEX 4.2.x !!!

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Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Download

►  Download ORDS 3.0

▪  h]p://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/rest-data-services/
downloads/index.html
▪  ords.3.0.2.294.08.40.zip Java JDK 1.7 is required
Test: javac -version
►  Install on the command line using
▪  java –jar ords.war <command>
▪  Help: java –jar ords.war help

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 Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Background

►  ords.war is a J2EE applica9on which can be

▪  deployed to Weblogic, Glassfish or Tomcat
▪  “deployed” into itself and run in standalone mode because it has a Je]y J2EE
container embedded into the .war file => easy for tes9ng and development

►  ORDS needs configura9on files for connec9on pools and standalone mode
▪  The command line installa9on will MODIFY the ords.war file and register a
reference to the directory containing the config files

java -jar ords.war configdir c:\app\ords_3.0

updates a reference to the config directory IN

the ords.war file

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Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Background

►  Configura9on Files
▪  defaults.xml
−  All Common sevngs and defaults for all connec9on pools

▪  ords/standalone/standalone.proper9es
−  Standalone mode configura9on for Je]y (/i/ loca9on and port #)
▪  conf/apex.xml (APEX_PUBLIC_USER)
▪  conf/apex_al.xml (APEX_LISTENER)
▪  conf/apex_rt.xml (APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER)
▪  conf/apex_pu.xml (ORDS_PUBLIC_USER)
▪  role-mapping.xml
−  Maps Webserver Roles into RESTful Roles
▪  url-mapping.xml
−  Mul9ple database configura9ons

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Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Background

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Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Background

►  Axer the installa9on we must op9mize the connec9on pool

▪  apex.xml (APEX_PUBLIC_USER, main connec9on pool)
▪  apex_al.xml (used for serving sta9c applica9on and workspace files) – not as
high as the others
▪  apex_rt.xml (used for serving sta9c applica9on and workspace files)

►  A sample configura9on:
▪  jdbc.Ini9alLimit=15
−  #sessions created in the connec9on pool at startup

▪  jdbc.MaxLimit=50
−  max. number of concurrent sessions allowed

▪  jdbc.Inac9vityTimeout=1800
−  Connec9on is not used for 1800 seconds => removed from pool

▪  jdbc.MinLimit=15
−  Min. number of connec9ons in pool, even if inac9vityTimeout has passed

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Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Background

► Op9miza9on is always difficult, monitoring the current usage, then trial and
error

► Simple monitoring
SELECT username, status, COUNT (*) cnt
FROM v$session
WHERE username LIKE '%APEX%' OR username LIKE '%ORDS%'
GROUP BY username, status;

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Installa9on
ORDS 3.0 Background

►  If anything goes wrong during the installa9on - you can repeat the process,
but you have to clean up the config files beforehand
▪  All config files in c:\app\ords_3.0\conf (including the subdirectories)
▪  ords_params.properties (the installer will remember our previous prompt
and not ask again)

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Installa9on
Install ORDS 3.0

►  Create a directory to hold the ORDS configura9on, i.e. the defini9on of the
different connec9on pools
▪  mkdir c:\app\ords_3.0\conf

►  Extract the installa9on scripts

▪  java -jar ords.war ords-scripts

►  Run the installa9on scripts to install the ORDS repository

▪  sqlplus "sys as sysdba" @ords_manual_install SYSAUX TEMP
"c:\app\ords_3.0\log\“

►  Configure the connec9on pool

▪  java -jar ords.war setup advanced
▪  Enter the loca9on to store configura9on data: c:\app\ords_3.0\conf
▪  Configure the APEX Gateway
▪  Configure the APEX_LISTENER and APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER Accounts

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Installa9on
Install ORDS 3.0

►  Start in standalone mode

▪  java -jar ords.war standalone
▪  Sta9c image files for standalone mode: c:\app\apex_5.0.1\apex\images
▪  H]p Port: 8090

►  Test: http://localhost:8090/

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Installa9on
Install ORDS 3.0

►  Op9mize the connec9on pool

▪  apex.xml
▪  apex_al.xml
▪  apex_rt.xml

► Sevngs:
▪  jdbc.Ini9alLimit=15
▪  jdbc.MaxLimit=50
▪  jdbc.MinLimit=15

► Restart ords.war standalone and test the configura9on again (verify syntax in
config file) : h]p://localhost:8090/

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Installa9on
Install Tomcat 8

►  Download Apache Tomcat 8 for Windows 32bit – Service installer

▪  h]p://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi
▪  apache-tomcat-8.0.23.exe

►  Install Apache Tomcat 8 as a service

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Installa9on
Install Tomcat 8

►  Choose the defaults

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Installa9on
Install Tomcat 8

►  Leave the defaults and provide a user for the administra9on via the web
manager applica9on

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Installa9on
Install Tomcat 8

►  Choose a JRE, at least Java 7 is required

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Installa9on
Install Tomcat 8

►  To the des9na9on folder we will refer to as TOMCAT_HOME

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Installa9on
Install Tomcat 8

►  The service is ini9ally created to be started manually:

▪  This has to be changed to have it start automa9cally at system startup

►  Test the installa9on using h]p://localhost:8080/

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Installa9on
Deploy the APEX images (/i/) to Tomcat 8

►  Deploy the APEX Images to Tomcat

▪  Copy apex\images => TOMCAT_HOME\webapps\ROOT
▪  Then rename the folder images to i

►  Test the file loca9on using h]p://localhost:8080/i/apex_version.txt

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Installa9on
Deploy ords.war to Tomcat 8

►  Deploy ords.war to Tomcat

▪  Copy ords.war => TOMCAT_HOME\webapps
▪  The ords.war will be automa9cally deployed and the directory
ords is created

►  Test the setup using h]p://localhost:8080/ords/apex_login

► Now: Viable setup:

▪  Service starts up automa9cally
▪  Connec9on pool op9mized

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Installa9on
Apache 2.4

► Apache h]p server (h]p://h]pd.apache.org)

▪  Easier to set up on Linux / Unix than on Windows, typically part of the Linux
distribu9ons
▪  Some syntax changes in 2.4:
−  h]p://h]pd.apache.org/docs/trunk/upgrading.html
−  h]ps://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/migra9ng-your-
apache-configura9on-from-2-2-to-2-4-syntax

▪  Typically supports h]ps via ssl out of the box, comes with self signed cer9ficates
included for tes9ng / development purposes
−  For produc9on sites you should a signed cer9ficate
−  Fine for development and tes9ng environments

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Installa9on
Install Apache 2.4

► Download Apache h]p Server 2.4

▪  h]p://h]pd.apache.org/docs/current/pla~orm/windows.html#down
▪  h]p://www.apachehaus.com/cgi-bin/download.plx

►  Also download the MS Windows libraries (DLL)

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Installa9on
Install Apache 2.4

► Install the Microsox Visual C++ 2012 Redistributable

▪  vcredist_x86.exe

► Unzip the Apache folder and copy it to c:\Apache24

=> DEFAULT Apache installaMon completed!

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  What is virtual hos9ng?

▪  Apache supports mu9ple different configura9ons depending on the name and /
or port we talk to the Apache, basically running mul9ple web sites on the same
machine
▪  E.g. at the German Telecom used virtual hosts for different applica9ons
(mul9ple DNS entries for the same ip address):
−  h]p://abit.telekom.de
−  h]p://spots.telekom.de

▪  Every combina9on SERVER-NAME:PORT can possibly be a different virtual host

▪  The setup for SSL / h]ps is also a virtual host

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  Create a new config file for our APEX setup

▪  copy config file apex.conf to c:\Apache24\conf\apex.conf

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  Include this configura9on in all RELEVANT virtual hosts

▪  APACHE_HOME\conf\extra\h]pd-vhosts.conf

►  APACHE_HOME\conf\extra\
h]pd-ahssl.conf
(specific to this distribu9on)

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  Mul9ple includes of the apex.conf will result in the following warning

▪  [Wed Nov 18 08:59:30.234449 2015] [so:warn] [pid 4984:9d 216] AH01574:
module filter_module is already loaded, skipping

►  The warnings can be ignored.

►  You can also move the LoadModule direc9ves into the httpd.conf file
(they are all listed there at the beginning of the file)

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  Start Apache on the command line

▪  c:\Apache24\bin\h]pd.exe

►  Install Apache as a service

▪  c:\Apache24\bin\h]pd -k install

►  Start Apache Service

▪  net start "Apache2.4"

►  Stop Apache Service

▪  net stop "Apache2.4”

►  Test Apache h]p Server: h]p://localhost/ and h]ps://localhost/

►  Reload the server configura9on (just graceful, no session is lost)

▪  c:\Apache24\bin\h]pd.exe -k restart

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  Limit Access to Tomcat to Apache via AJP protocol only

►  Bind Tomcat to localhost ONLY, so that only Apache h]pd server is allowed
to talk to it

►  Modify TOMCAT_HOME\conf\server.xml:
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connec9onTimeout="20000"
address="127.0.0.1"
redirectPort="8443" />
...
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"
address="127.0.0.1" />

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Installa9on
Configure Apache 2.4

►  Verify that caching works

▪  Don’t hit reload => click in the applica9on or click in address bar and hit enter
▪  Probleme mit Google Chrome mit lokaler Test-Instanz => Nicht representa9v!
▪  Firefox => built-in developer tools
▪  The files are only requested ONCE for 8 hrs

►  Verify that compression works

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Opera9onal Use Cases

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Opera9onal Use Cases
Change connec9on pool

►  UC#1: Password for APEX_PUBLIC_USER needs to be changed

java –jar ords.war setup advanced

▪  Prompts for all database setup parameters again and UPDATES all config files,
doesn’t create them from scratch

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Opera9onal Use Cases
Change connec9on pool

▪  Axer the change we need to reload the new configura9on in your Tomcat by
either:
1.  Restart the Tomcat service
2.  “touch” the webapps\ords.war file
−  Update the 9mestamp, Tomcat will automa9cally redeploy

3.  use the Tomcat management interface to reload

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Opera9onal Use Cases
Change connec9on pool

►  UC#2: Database was moved to a different machine

▪  Modify the config file defaults.xml directly and change the JDBC connect
informa9on
<entry key="db.hostname">localhost</entry>
<entry key="db.port">1521</entry>
<entry key="db.sid">xe</entry>

▪  Reload the new configura9on in your Tomcat as described in UC#1

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Opera9onal Use Cases
Change connec9on pool

►  UC#3: Debug-Meldungen Browser anzeigen

▪  Modify the config file defaults.xml
<entry key="debug.debugger">true</entry>
<entry key="debug.printDebugToScreen">true</entry>

▪  Reload the new configura9on in your Tomcat as described in UC#1

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 Monitoring

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Monitoring
Errors / Logfiles

►  Apache h]p server

▪  APACHE_HOME\logs
−  error_log (errors)
−  access_log (who accessed which file and what was the result (h]p return
code (e.g. 404 not found or 200 ok) and the size

►  Tomcat
▪  TOMCAT_HOME\logs
−  catalina.log (includes messages from Tomcat itself but also all J2EE
applica9ons, i.e. ORDS):

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Monitoring
Errors / Logfiles

►  Je]y doesn’t support AJP

▪  The proxy direc9ves in the apex.conf won’t work with Je]y in standalone mode,
Je]y doesn’t support AJP

►  Account APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER locked => Download of sta9c images

don’t work
▪  Look into the TOMCAT_HOME\logs\catalina.log file, there you will see errors
like:
▪  22-Jun-2015 10:33:19.359 SEVERE [ajp-nio-8009-exec-13]
oracle.dbtools.common.config.db.DatabasePools.isValid The pool named:
apex_rt is not correctly configured, error: ORA-28000: the account is locked
▪  All configured connec9on pools are also validated at startup when running the
je]y in standalone mode => you will see it on the command line, too

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Monitoring
Errors / Logfiles

►  Problem displaying sta9c images in APEX 5.0 for workspaces created pre 4.1
▪  Solu9on: Upgrade to apex 5.0.2 or install patch

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Monitoring
Errors / Logfiles

►  In APEX we can see all errors due to unhandled excep9ons:

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Monitoring
Performance

►  APEX Monitoring using the APEX Dic9onary Views

SELECT application_id,
page_id,
COUNT (*) AS hits,
COUNT (*) / 60 AS hits_pro_min,
MIN (elapsed_time) AS MIN,
AVG (elapsed_time) AS AVG,
MAX (elapsed_time) AS MAX,
AVG (elapsed_time) * COUNT (*) weight
FROM apex_workspace_activity_log
WHERE view_date > SYSDATE - 1 / 24 / 60 * 60 /* 1 hour */
GROUP BY application_id, page_id
ORDER BY AVG (elapsed_time) * COUNT (*) /* weight */ desc

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Monitoring
Performance

►  Use browser tools to understand performance issues

▪  All current browsers have integrated developer tools
▪  But there also add-ons like Firebug

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Advanced Configura9ons

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Advanced Configura9ons
SSO with MS Windows

SSO with Windows

There are different ways to use SSO in our APEX applica9ons. We shouldn’t use
NTLM anymore since this is a really old protocol and not considered secure any
more.

►  Apache + mod_auth_kerb
▪  Kerberos authen9ca9on with the Windows Ac9ve Directory
▪  h]p://www.apexsolu9ons.de/blog/allgemein/single-sign-on-for-apex-
applica9ons-using-kerberos/

►  SSO with Internet Informa9on Server (IIS)

▪  Here we also do the na9vely integrated NTLM or Kerberos authen9ca9on which
is built into the IIS. Then we use mod_ajp to proxy the requests to the Apache
Tomcat and ORDS.

►  Tomcat 8 + Kerberos/SPNEGO authen9cator

▪  h]ps://community.oracle.com/message/12748733

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Advanced Configura9ons
REST-style URLs

►  REST-style URLs for accessing your applica9on, e.g.

▪  /home
▪  /customer
▪  /customer/edit/<id>

►  h]p://www.oracle-and-apex.com/human-readable-urls-in-oracle-apex-
part-2/

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h]p://9nyurl.com/modernappdev12c
ab dem 19.01.2016 geht es los !

6
2
6
3
 Q&A
Dietmar Aust
Opal-Consul9ng, Köln

www.opal-consul9ng.de
daust.blogspot.com
dietmar.aust@opal-consul9ng.de

Setting Up the Oracle APEX Listener (Now ORDS) for Production

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