Cell Modifications

Cell Modifications
Cell Differentiation: process by which a cell changes from one cell type to another
which allows cell to perform different functions from its previous state.
It is a complex process that involves large modifications in gene expression.
Gene expression: a process where information carried by a gene is translated into a
more useful product.

Specialized Cells
Specialized Cells: cells with the same set of genes from its parent cell but have
different structures and functions.
These differences arose due to variations on gene expression.

Root Hair Cell: these are the elongated cells found at the root’s tip.

The cell modification is its large surface area which is ideal for nutrients and
water absorption.

Xylem Vessel:cells found in plant’s stem which are responsible for transporting
water.

It has a hollow structure which allows uninterrupted flow of water.

Guard Cells: located around each stomata of plant leaves.

These cells are responsible in facilitating gas exchange and controlling

transpiration.

When potassium ions enter the cell, water diffuse into the guard cells causing it
to swell open.

Cell Modifications 1
 Water diffuses out of the guard cells and flattens it close when potassium ions
exit the cell.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs): one of the cell types that comprises our circulatory
system.

RBCs are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the other cells of
the body.

Its biconcave and flexible disc shape is ideal for its specialized function.

This structure increases the area for hemoglobin and oxygen and allows access
into tiny capillaries.

Sperm Cells: the male reproductive cell responsible for carrying the paternal
chromosome during reproduction.

Head: consists of nucleus and acrosome; it houses enzymes that digests the
ovum’s layer and allows the sperm cell to penetrate and fertilize the egg cell.

Midpiece: contains several mitochondria which generates ATP for movement.

Tail (Flagellum): the cell’s source of locomotion.

Neurons: nerve cells responsible for sending information throughout the body.

They have modified long and branched cell body which allows coordinated and
uninterrupted level of impulses.

Consists of dendrites, nucleus, and axon.

Cell Modifications 2