Introduction to energy

transition and planning

scenarios in Colombian Context

Alexander Molina Cabrera

almo@utp.edu.co
• Climate Dynamics
• Energy Matrix in Colombia
• Electric energy planing
CLIMATE DYNAMICS
Greenhouse Effect Global Warming
https://www.bmz.de/
https://www.eldiario.com.co/noticias/risaralda/quebrada-la-vibora-se-desbordo/
https://www.eldiario.com.co/noticias/risaralda/quebrada-la-vibora-se-desbordo/
https://www.meteorologiaenred.com/pisos-termicos.html
Interruption of water cicle
https://www.climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood

Flooding in Jakarta, Indonesia, February 2017. Source: World Meteorological Organization / Flickr
Cambio Climático
 Problems in agriculture

https://www.iadb.org/es/mejorandovidas/el-efecto-mas-impensado-del-cambio-climatico
 Problems in agriculture

https://www.iadb.org/es/mejorandovidas/el-efecto-mas-impensado-del-cambio-climatico
 Colombia

https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/climate-risk-country-profile-colombia
https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/climate-risk-country-profile-colombia
https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/climate-risk-country-profile-colombia
 Indonesia

https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/climate-risk-country-profile-indonesia

https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2021/0520/Why-Indonesia-s-rice-paddy-expansion-is-raising-climate-concerns
https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/climate-risk-country-profile-indonesia
 Current population below the elevation of an average annual flood
in 2050, top six countries

https://www.climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood
Climate vulnerabilities
Fuente: Center for Global Developmet (2015)
 Resiliency to Climate Changes

https://ecoinventos.com/
https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/climate-risk-country-profile-indonesia
¿What could be the main cause?
Temp. –> Carbon Dioxide
https://www.climatecentral.org/
ENERGY MATRIX IN
COLOMBIA
Energy Matrix in Colombia

http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/energy/energy-database/energy-database,19144.html
Ppresentación de R, Ramírez. PEN, 2020
https://www.iea.org/sankey
https://www.iea.org/sankey
Some requirements
A. Increasing compsumtion
 Increasing
Gross Domestic Produc

We need energy for production

https://whatisnuclear.com/blog/2017-12-17-primer-on-energy-ghg-intermittency-and-nuclear.html
 Increasing GDP

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GDP_vs_Energy_Consumption_2012.svg
 Increasing GDP

https://lifepowered.org/fossil-fuels-contribute-to-human-flourishing/
 Increasing GDP

https://lifepowered.org/fossil-fuels-contribute-to-human-flourishing/
 Increasing GDP

https://whatisnuclear.com/blog/2017-12-17-primer-on-energy-ghg-intermittency-and-nuclear.html
The National Determined Contributions
https://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/cambioclimatico/pdf/NDC_Colombia/PMR_reporte_escenario_de_mitigacion_20201209_1.pdf
https://www4.unfccc.int/
https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/indonesia/
ELECTRIC ENERGY PLANING
It is not a easy task
Policies
Energy Transition Law
Environmental concerned goverment – Elected Pres Gustavo Petro
Planing the future
¿How much?

Minimizing:
- Investments
- Emissions (here emissions are penalized)
Planing the future
¿How much?

Minimizing:
- Investments
- Emissions (here emissions are penalized)
Planing the future
¿How much?

Minimizing:
- Investments
- Emissions (here emissions are penalized)

min 𝐹(𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡(𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠))

𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ≤ 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥
Planing the future
¿When?
Planing the future
¿When?
Planing the future
¿When?
 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

min 𝐹( ෍ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 + +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡(𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠))

𝑇𝑖=1

𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

෍ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑇𝑖 ≤ 𝐼max
𝑇𝑖
Optimization region
Planing the future
¿Where?
¿Where?

www.xm.com.co
 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

min 𝐹( ෍ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 + +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡(𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠))

𝑇𝑖=1

𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

෍ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑇𝑖 ≤ 𝐼max
𝑇𝑖
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑇𝑖 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑖
Planing the future
¿What?
NEW SOURCES OF ENERGY
Solar generation

67
www.portafolio.com.co 68
Thermal-Solar generation

69
70
71
 72
Gemasolar thermosolar plant, owned by Torresol Energy and developed by SENER
Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy… 2017, Pages 3-25
Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy… 2017, Pages 3-25
Wind Generation

76
77
 Generación eólica

78
https://elordenmundial.com/mapas/mapa-centrales-energia-eolica/
Turbina Eólica

79
Tipos de turbinas

80
Tamaño

81
Geo-Thermal generation

83
Generación Geotérmica

84
85
Potencial por estar en
el cinturón de fuego
del pacífico

86
Sea waves generation

88
89
 Marea

Olas

90
91
92
93
Generación Mareomotriz

94
Biomass

95
96
97
98
Pico-Generation

99
http://sapereaudeclasicas.blogspot.com/
http://www.ib-deutschmann.de/
https://www.elespectador.com/
NEW WAYS OF CONSUMPTION
104
https://www.cleanenergywire.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
/https://www.esi-innovationenergy.com//
https://carsguide-res.cloudinary.com/
116
Storage

117
Pumped Storage

118
• 97 % de los ESS en el mundo
• 1 – 3003 MW
• 70-85 % eficiencia

119
Okinawa, Yanbaru eco power plant
Desmantelada en Julio de 2016

• http://seawaterpower.com/mp-sps.html
120
https://www.enr.com/ 121
Compressed Air

122
 123
http://www.fze.uni-saarland.de/
• McIntosh power plant (Alabama)
• Potencia: 226 MW

124
Flywheels

AC

AC

125
Flywheels

AC

AC

E=1/2(JW2)

126
Flywheels

AC

AC

Low speed (6000 rpm)

High speed (… 10^5 rpm)
Energía especifica (5Wh/kg -
100Wh/kg)
Eficiencia (> 95%)
Regulación de frecuencia
http://www.donwil.com/

127
Akagi. Active filters and energy storage systems for power
conditioning in Japan
 300 KW

129
https://www.thestar.com https://www.furukawa.co.jp/
Flywheels

http://www.donwil.com/

Planta de 40 MW en NY

https://www.cnet.com 130
https://beaconpower.com/
Flywheels

131
Flywheels

132
Carrasco J. M. Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration
of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey. 2006
Chemical

134
Tipos de baterías
Lead-Acid
Litium-ion

135
https://www.pv-magazine.com/
En 2017
San Diego Gas & Electric

30MW/120MWh

137
 Estimating Energy Storage Requirements for the Tamil Nadu State Grid
Written by Sandhya Sundararagavan, Harsh Thacker, and Deepak Krishnan

https://smartgrid.ieee.org/newsletters/march-2021/estimating-energy-storage-requirements-for-the-tamil-nadu-state-grid
Capacitors

140
Super capacitores

141
Super capacitores

• 1x10^5 ciclos
• 84 – 97 % eficiencia de carga/descarga
E=1/2(CV2) • Auto descarga 5-40 %
• Bajos niveles de tensión
142
Super capacitores

143
Ultra capacitores
Descarga y carga rápidas!

http://www.maxwell.com/products/ultracapacitors

144
Super Magnetic

145
E=1/2(LI2)

146
3.3 kilowatt-hour proof-of-concept SMES prototype

147
Heat Energy Storage

148
Heat Energy Storage

Xing Luo, Jihong Wang, Mark Dooner, Jonathan Clarke, Overview of current development in electrical energy
storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation,
Applied Energy, Volume 137, 1 January 2015, Pages 511-536, ISSN 0306-2619 149
Heat Energy Storage

District heating accumulation tower

from Theiss near Krems an der Donauin
Lower Austria with a thermal capacity of 2 GWh
150
https://www.euenergycentre.org/
Fuel Cell

153
154
Hidrogeno, vector energético del futurO presente. Julian PARRA, Manuel ESPINOSA.
156
https://www.worley.com/
Hidrogeno, vector energético del futurO presente. Julian PARRA, Manuel ESPINOSA.
https://www.consultancy-me.com/
Hidrogeno, vector energético del futurO presente. Julian PARRA, Manuel ESPINOSA.
 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

min 𝐹( ෍ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 + +𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡(𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠))

𝑇𝑖=1

𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

෍ 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑇𝑖 ≤ 𝐼max
𝑇𝑖
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑇𝑖 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑠𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑖
𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
The power planing formulation
ADDITIONAL CHALLENGES
1.2
Solar
1 Eólica
Demanda
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

170
The problem

171
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYLzss58CLs
The “duck curve”

https://ariescleanenergy.com/avoid-the-duck-curve-go-green-with-brown/
https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/2015/04/08/integrated-energy-storage-an-answer-to-addressing-the-duck-curve/#gref