RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF WHITE

SMOKE TREATMENT AND WATER RECOVERY

Submitted by
P. KRISHNA CHETANA PRIYANKA
REG. NO. 321207056011
M.TECH. HEAT POWER ENGINEERING
1ST YEAR, 2ND SEMESTER
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 ABSTRACT
For a 300 MW coal-fired unit, the regenerative heat exchanger is used to design a
regenerative heat exchanger cooling water collection, hot air reheat white smoke
treatment and water recovery system.
The unit performance test is carried out under full load condition.
In the process of reducing the smoke temperature from 54.1◦C to 40.2◦C, a total
of 8.68 t/h of water is analyzed, and the water in the flue gas is effectively
recovered.
 A certain amount of hot secondary air is extracted to heat the tail flue gas,
resulting in an increase of coal consumption for power generation by 0.987 g/(kW
h).
Therefore, the cooling and water collection and hot air reheat technology of
regenerative heat exchanger has certain limitations, and the technology of smoke
waste heat recovery will be the key development and application direction in the
future.
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 CONTENT
1) Introduction
2) Literature review
3) Problem identification
4) Methodology
a) White elimination and water collection of desulfurization flue gas
b) Spray cooling water collection and hot air reheat
c) Cooling water collection and hot air reheating of regenerative heat exchanger
5) Conclusion
6) References

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 INTRODUCTION
The limestone gypsum process is used to desulfurize flue gas of coal-fired units.
In the wet desulfurization system, the absorption liquid is in direct contact with
the high-temperature flue gas.
A large amount of steam condenses into small water droplets, so it is more prone
to condensation, resulting in “white smoke”.
“White smoke” is the most direct visual manifestation of the problems caused by
the direct emission of desulfurization wet flue gas.
A considerable part of China’s coal-fired units are built in coal producing areas in
the West. All these areas are water deficient areas.
If the water in the chimney can be recovered and recycled through certain
technical transformation, it will strongly support the development of coal-fired
power in China.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
Zhao XL, et al. Worked on flue gas recovery system for natural gas combined
heat and power plant with distributed peak shaving heat pumps. The proposed
system improved the network transmission and distribution capacity, increased
heating capacity, and reduced heating energy consumption without compromising
heating safety issues. Zhao XL, Fu L, Wang XY, Apple Therma Eng.
2017;111:599–607.
Zhao Weidie, et al. Worked on progress on novel air dehumidification
technologies. This paper reviews the recent development of some novel
dehumidification technologies ， including membrane dehumidification ， heat
pump dehumidification ， heating ， ventilating ， air conditioning (HVAC)
dehumidification ， thermoelectric cooling and electrochemical
dehumidification. Zhao Weidie, Zhang Lizi, Pei Lexia, Chem Ind Eng. Progress
2008;27(11):1710–8.

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Zhao S, et al. Worked on simultaneous heat and water recovery from flue gas by
membrane condensation: Experimental investigation. A tubular ceramic
membrane is investigated as the condenser for simultaneous heat and water
recovery from flue gas are studied. Zhao S, Yan S, Wang DK, Apple Therma Eng.
2016;113:843–50.
Liu Hua, et al. Worked on experimental research on influence factors of direct
contact flue gas water condensation heat exchange. Compared with indirect-
contact heat exchanger, gas-water direct-contact heat exchanger has superiority of
decreasing metal heat-exchange surface, small temperature difference and
volume, less investment and good antiseptic effect. Liu Hua, Zhou Xian, Fu Lin.
HV AC 2015;45(7):90–5.SVM
Francs, et al. Studied on Multi-factorial study of the absorption process of
H2(vamp) by a Li Br(a) in a horizontal tube bundle using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as
surfactant. This paper presents the results of a series of experimental tests about
the absorption of water vapor by an aqueous lithium bromide solution over a
bundle of 14 smooth tubes, using an alcohol as surfactant. Francs SVMS, Over
PJM Int J Heat Mass Trans 2004;47(14):3355–73.
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 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The direct discharge of wet flue gas to the environment will bring problems:
1) When the temperature of flue gas is lower than the acid dew point temperature,
acid droplets will condense from the exhaust gas, which will not only pollute the
environment but also corrode the equipment;
2) The temperature of wet flue gas is relatively low and the lifting height is small,
which will cause relatively high ground pollution concentration;
3) The moisture content of wet flue gas is large and it is saturated. The discharged
flue gas condenses and appears white, which affects vision;
4) Condensed water may cause precipitation in the process of smoke plume
transmission and affect the local climate.

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White Elimination And Water Collection Of Desulfurization
Flue Gas
 “White elimination” of desulfurization flue gas is basically that the steam
saturated flue gas after desulfurization is heated to prevent the generation of
“white smoke”.
Therefore, in order to completely eliminate the “white smoke” at a lower ambient
temperature, the wet flue gas must be heated to a higher temperature.
In addition to recovering the condensation heat of the wet flue gas and the
condensed water in the condensation process, the temperature of the wet flue gas
to be reheated after condensation is reduced.
It can be seen that the triple goals of environmental protection, water saving and
energy saving can be achieved by simultaneously eliminating “white smoke” of
flue gas and cooling water collection.

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 Spray Cooling Water Collection And Hot Air Reheat
This technology adopts two-stage direct spray heat exchange.
The desulfurized clean flue gas is first introduced into the primary spray heat
exchange tower, cooled by spraying circulating water directly in the pipeline, then
enters the secondary spray cooling tower for cooling, and finally cooled to 40◦C
through the final stage tubular cooling heat exchanger.
The circulating cooling water after heat absorption is recycled after alkali
neutralization, filtration and heat exchange and cooling of heat exchanger. The
recovered heat heats the return water of the heating pipe network in the heating
season.
 In non heating season, heat is released through mechanical ventilation cooling
tower or water cooling tower to realize the circulation of flue gas spray cooling
process.

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Fig. 1. The technology of “spray cooling water collection and hot air reheat”
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 Cooling Water Collection And Hot Air Reheating Of
Regenerative Heat Exchanger
The technology adopts regenerative heat exchanger, which uses ambient air to cool the
flue gas at the outlet of desulfurization system, and then is cooled by tubular heat
exchanger to remove the carrying droplets.
A water collection tank and reservoir are set under it to recover the water condensed in
the flue gas due to water vapor supersaturation.
The cooled net flue gas is reheated by the hot air from the boiler and discharged by the
chimney.
 The cooling air after heating is directly discharged by suction fan.
The recovered flue gas condensate is collected by the water collection device,
temporarily stored in the buffer water tank, added with chemicals through the dosing
device to reconcile the water quality, and used after treatment according to the
purpose.
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Fig. 2. The technology of “cooling water collection and hot air reheating of
regenerative heat exchanger”.
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 CONCLUSION
Under 300 MW load, through the secondary heat exchange of regenerative heat
exchanger and tubular heat exchanger, the temperature of smoke decrease from
54.1◦C to 40.2◦C, and then part of the hot secondary air introduced by the boiler is
heated to 45.3◦C, so as to effectively realize flue gas whitening.
When the temperature of smoke decrease from 54◦C to 40◦C, a total of 8.68t/h of
water is separated out, which effectively recovered the water in flue gas.
During the condensation and precipitation of water vapor in smoke, the dust
removal rate can reach more than 50%.
The extraction of a certain amount of hot secondary air to heat the tail flue gas,
the coal consumption for power generation increases by 0.987 g/(kw h).
Therefore, the cooling water collection and hot air reheat technology of
regenerative heat exchanger has certain limitations, the technology of smoke
waste heat recovery will be the key development and application direction in the
future.
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 REFERENCES
[1] Zhao XL, Fu L, Wang XY, et al. Flue gas recovery system for natural gas
combined heat and power plant with distributed peak shaving heat pumps. Appl
Therma Eng. 2017;111:599–607.
[2] Zhao Weidie, Zhang Lizi, Pei Lexia. Progress on novel air dehumidification
technologies. Chem Ind Eng. Progress 2008;27(11):1710–8.
[3] Zhao S, Yan S, Wang DK, et al. Simultaneous heat and water recovery from flue
gas by membrane condensation: Experimental investigation. Appl Therma Eng.
2016;113:843–50.
[4] Liu Hua, Zhou Xian, Fu Lin. Experimental research on influence factors of
direct contact flue gas water condensation heat exchange. HV AC 2015;45(7):90–5.
[5] Francs SVMS, Over PJM. Multi-factorial study of the absorption process of
H2(vamp) by a Li Br(a) in a horizontal tube bundle using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as
surfactant. Int J Heat Mass Trans 2004;47(14):3355–73.
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THANK YOU

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