METHODS OF GRATING

1. There are two ways to grate coconut kernels: by hand and machine. The coconut grater is
continuously operated by hand in the home. Typically, spike grater tools are used in the
manual process of grating coconut. A rotational grater cone or a cylindrical grater is used
in the coconut grating machine process. However, an operator must be present to operate
manually or control the machine. (Yunus et al.,2020; Markose et al., 1996).
2. A similar concept, dubbed the multipurpose machine, has been proposed. This
multifunctional machine has three functions: de-husking, cutting, and grating coconut.
Their structure consists of a pulley that displays the mechanism for the motion of the
cylinder with sprockets. The coconut will be de-husked and inserted into the grooves of
the sprockets and then transferred to the cutter, which cuts the coconut into halves. If
coconut water is required, the machine comes with a punch to remove it. The coconut is
then transferred to a grater for grating and can be used to make food products. (Bhatia et
al.,2019)
3. Processing grated coconut kernel is time consuming and tedious. There has been no

modification in the way coconut is grated, for several decades. (Yunus et al.,2020; Raj et

al., 2016).

(NOTE: DESIGN AND FIGURES ARE NOT YET CITATED)

Figure 1 <Design of Coconut De-Husker, Cutter and Grater Machine (Bhatia et al., 2019)

Conceptual Design

During this phase, several concept designs for dual-purpose de husking coconut machines will
be proposed. The concept design employs a variety of mechanisms for dehusking, and Both
operations can be carried out at the same time. The tools are installed adjacently; two people can
operate the machine without disturbing each other. Which uses any flat surface to place the
machine.
Conceptual Design 1 (Figure 2)
This machine removes the coconut husk with spiked rollers and grates the coconut with an
electrical grater. The rollers are powered by the same electric motor that turns the grater. A
double shaft motor will power both tasks. A set of reducing gears is used between the rollers and
the shaft to reduce the speed of the rollers while the motor is also turning a grater. The spiked
rollers turn inward when the machine is on to push out the husk below. The coconut was then cut
in half. The coconut is grated on a rotating grater. Both operations necessitate using a protective
glove to avoid injury while operating the machine.

Concept Design 2

A manual spike with a hinged mechanism is used to remove the coconut husk, and an electrical
grater is used to grate the coconut. The grater is turned by an electrical motor with a single shaft.
When using the machine, an operator presses a coconut against a spike. Then, to remove the
husk, pull down a lever attached to a hinged spike. This process was repeated several times until
the husk was removed entirely. The coconut was then cut in half. To complete the task, the
coconut is grated on a rotating grater. Both operations necessitate using a protective glove to
avoid injury while operating the machine.
Figure 3 <Concept Design 2>

Conceptual Design 3

A spike with a hinged mechanism is used to remove the coconut husk, and an electrical
grater is used to grate the coconut. The hinged spike is powered by the same electric
motor that turns the grater. A double shaft motor will power both tasks—a lever
mechanism attached to the spike's hinged portion. When operating the machine, the
operator presses a coconut against a spike. A hinged spike then pulls down the husk. This
process was repeated several times until the husk was removed entirely. The coconut was
then cut in half. To complete the task, the coconut is grated on a rotating grater. Both
operations necessitate protective gloves to avoid injury operating the machine.
 Figure 4 <Concept Design 3>

Yunus, M. F. M., Yasin, S. N. T. M., Fadzli, N. K. S. M., Suhaimi, S. N. B. S. N. B. S., &

Zainuddin, N. H. Z. (2020). Conceptual design of dual purpose coconut dehusking
machine. Conceptual Design of Dual Purpose Coconut Dehusking Machine, Vol. 1(No.
2), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.29210/81063900
Gatchalian, M. M., De Leon, S. Y., & Yano, T. (1993). Comparative profiles of young coconut
(Cocos nucifera, L.) from fresh and stored nuts. Food Quality and Preference, 4(4), 193–200.
doi:10.1016/0950-3293(93)90162-y

1. The age of the nut in the tree determines the maturity of a young coconut. The amount of
meat and its tenderness select the mode of 'buko' utilization at each age level, either food
or beverage. At the 6–7-month-old or'malauhog' (mucus-like) stage, when the meat is
very soft and jelly-like, it is typically mixed with water and served as a drinking
beverage. The water and meat characteristics of the young coconut change as it matures
from'malauhog' to the 7–8-month-old fruit or'malakanin' (cooked rice-like) stage.
(Gatchalian, 1992).
2.  The volume of water decreases, and the meat transforms from a jelly-like mass to a firm
opaque-white solid group. If the meat is to be served as a beverage, it must be shredded
into thin spaghetti-like strips and mixed with water. Otherwise, the meat can be used to
make a dessert, pie filling, or salad. Finally, at S-9 months of age, or'malakatad' (leather-
like) maturity, the meat is much firmer and requires more biting force to break it down
into chewable pieces. At this point, the meat can only be used in cooked sweetened
desserts, bread fillings, or candied coconut meat preparations. (Quintos, 1991).
3. The Coconut meat was scraped out with a thin carabao horn scraper and shredded into
short (about l-2 cm long) spaghetti-sized strips. (Gatchalian et al.,1992)
4. The fresh 'buko' texture was described as having incredibly tender meat strips that were
not rough or mealy. The 9-day-old sample, on the other hand, was perceived to have meat
with a slightly smooth surface, moderately strenuous strips, and a moderately mealy
texture when chewed. These descriptions tend to support the observation that maturation
took place during storage, as this process significantly impacts the textural properties of
'buko' meat. The meat becomes thicker and firmer as the 'buko' ages. Both texture and
taste may have been negatively impacted due to moisture loss over time. It's worth noting
that the 'oily taste' and 'oily odor' became less noticeable as storage time increased.
(Gatchalian et al.,1992)
Pandiselvam, R., Manikantan, M. R., Kothakota, A., Rajesh, G. K., Beegum, S., Ramesh, S. V.,
… Hebbar, K. B. (2018). Engineering properties of five varieties of coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.)
for efficient husk separation. Journal of Natural Fibers, 1–9.
doi:10.1080/15440478.2018.1507863

1. The weight, thickness, density, and moisture content of coconut kernels all
play a significant role in the design of grating, pulverizing, slicing, and milk
extraction machines. As a result, knowing the physical characteristics of
young and matured nuts is required for efficient coconut post-harvesting
operations. (Pandiselvam et al.,2018; Santalla et al., 2003)
Nukman, Yani, I., & Firdaus. (2017). Engine optimization grate multipurpose analysis method
with quality function deployment. MATEC Web of Conferences, 101,
03010. doi:10.1051/matecconf/20171010301
1. The development process has meaning in terms of how to develop to be developed,
exemplary, or perfect. To maintain and increase the superior quality of high
competitiveness so that the product becomes acceptable in a market, innovation or
creative ideas play a significant role in achieving marketing success. (Oration.,2009)
2. The object that will be developed in this study is a simple innovation shredding
machine design that has been patented by (Andi Patolla.,1988) Which is frequently
used by people to grate the coconut; the methods for product development make use
of Quality Function Deployment (QFD). This method helps analyze and evaluate the
level of consumer desire to develop grating machine products."QFD is a
methodology, the which establishes a relationship between product and customer,
determines the product's sales ability and carry out it to a high level during the
process"(Yilmaz.,2009)
3. "QFD is a system that translates and plans the "voice of the customer" into quality
characteristics to achieve customer satisfaction of products, processes, and services."
achieving customer satisfaction." (Bernal et al.,2009)

HOQ house of quality they can be seen Priority needs are desired by consumers. The order
of priority in the HOQ above can in description the following caption:
 When a fan belt interferes with the safety of an operation and a grater machine becomes
too noisy, the solution is to add components such as an aluminum cover plate that
protects the tires Ropes (fanbelt) and to modify the exhaust forms from simple to more
customized and equipped with a silencer.
 Machines play a more significant role in assisting people, and machines help to improve
the economy. Consumers still want grater machines, according to survey results.
Essentially, consumers still need grater machines to create jobs by selling grated or
 shredded results to become involved in economic principles so that producers don't have
to worry about the market to customer needs.
 Is the grating raw material refined? And what kind of grater machines are they using?
"And questionnaire dates and field observations, the average trader using the engine
driving type Gasoline Engine stated that the results grating fine greater.
 The average merchant trader had undergone profession for two years and above, and
those reported to have never replaced the engine, it is proven that the machine age grate
quite durable and dates revealed that the engine size grater is incompatible. The solution
is to move the position of the machine tool's engine under the grater so their size is
reduced.
 Elaborate on the current operator of the initial (start the engine) and, if you had to choose,
what type of motor grater would you prefer for the machine? "Operation consumers
complained of a start. is it difficult to use the starter rope, then the solution by adding the
electric starter system, as well as the majority of merchants to choose the type of motor
fuel than other types of electric motors, because it can increase operational costs to
prepare electricity”?
 Cleaning the roller grate is difficult when the grater machine is not used, and it consumes
a lot of energy. According to statistical data, 95 percent of consumers explained that
cleaning the roll grater (eye roll grated) is difficult, so the solution must be available for
grater machine brushes. Under problem 3, most consumers use an engine Motor
Gasoline. Furthermore, with scores on this subject of 43.1 percent (*disagree), it can be
concluded that the grater machines they use are less energy wasteful.
 It is challenging to enter the roller grated raw materials and challenging to perform
engine maintenance grater, according to 38.7 percent of respondents (* disagree).
However, a trader presses the raw material using pieces of wood or fingers to assess the
level of security of the observation space. Then, without pushing it with a finger/timber,
add Aluminum Cap Plate suitable to prevent the remaining raw materials from tossing
out. Dates also revealed 31.8 percent (* disagree) lubrication if such treatments are used.
 Components (Spare Parts) are hard to come by on the market. The data shows 28.1
percent (* disagree), but the quality varies from time to time.
The discovered result may explain the priorities, function, and purpose of any problems under
consumer expectations and desires, leading to operation security, maximizing the part of the tool,
and adding new tools in the development of multipurpose grater machines.
Conclusion
According to the discussion, priority consumers are very stressed to do a modification
component or an additional tool in the machine grater multipurpose, namely Cover Safeguard
Fan Belt, Exhaust, Priority Motor Driving Fuel Gasoline, layout position Mover, Motor Starter,
Plastic cleaning brush Roll Grate, and Plate Cap. The conclusion is based on questionnaire data
and is supported by observation and open interviews. As a user's grater multipurpose machine,
decisions are generated from data within the desires and expectations of consumers. This study's
findings are expected to have a significant impact. Improve a development activity to create
innovations by utilizing the most recent ideas in optimizing the function of the multipurpose
grater engine.
Mendes, B. G. V., Dikgale, K., Tartibu, L. K., & Kunene, T. J.,2020 DEVELOPMENT OF AN
AUTOMATED COCONUT SCRAPING MACHINE.

(NOTE: THE FIGURES/MODEL OF THE GRATING MACHINE IS IN THE PDF THAT I

SENT, I DON’T KNOW HOW TO SITE SOME FIGURES)
1. Commercialized coconut scraping machines are not fully automated and require
human intervention. Scraping coconut is a time-consuming and laborious process.
The manual method requires the operator to rotate and scrape the meat portion of the
coconut. On the other hand, the semi-automated process necessitates the operator to
hold the coconut half-shell against a rotating blade, which is usually powered by an
electric motor. In either case, the operator is confronted with potentially hazardous
situations. 2020 (Mendes et al.)
2. To grate a coconut with this device, you must exert some effort. The operator must
pay close attention because a slip could result in serious injuries.

3.  A clamp (locking mechanism), movers (for lateral and forward (feed), a coconut
holder, a motor (which rotates the coconut), a plate holder, and blades comprise the
majority of the design (for scraping of coconut). A machine, a cutting tool, a grating
tool, a body, a tilt plate, a hanging load, two pulleys (motor and shaft), bearings, and a
spring are the main components of the design. A coconut breaker extractor grater
machine's design and construction were described. by (Mendes et al.,2020; James et
al.,2016).
 4. A multipurpose grating equipment is mainly made up of a metal cylinder, a blade, v
belts, a motor, and a steel frame. (Bapat et al., 2018)

5. As designed by (Kumar et al., (2018) a multi-bladed coconut scraping machine

powered by a single motor A chassis, worm gearbox, blades, an engine, and chain
drives comprise the system.

6. The new scraping machine must be designed to self-adjust depending on the size and
shape of the coconut. The sharp bit in traditional coconut scrapers rotates at high
revolutions per second. The operator presses the inside of the de-husked coconut
shell, which contains the meat, against the sharp spinning bit. This procedure is time-
consuming and displays a few safety risks. (Mendes et al.,2020)

It is, therefore, necessary to design a method that can simulate the operator while scraping
coconuts. No research describes the advancement of a completely automated scraping machine
that the authors are aware of. Commercialized coconut scraping machines are not fully
automated and involve human intervention. (Mendes et al.,2020)

DEVELOPMENT OF SCRAPER MACHINE

The sequential motion of the pusher sleeve is activated by the stepper motor. The angle of the
scraping blade is then adjusted by the pusher sleeve to cater the shape of the coconut to be
scrapped. Underneath is a DC Motor that rotates the blade via the pulley belt.
Hani Hafeeza Halim, Elfy Williams Dee, Mohd Sabri Pak Dek, Azizah Abdul Hamid, Ahmad
Ngalim, Nazamid Saari & Ahmad Haniff Jaafar (2018) Ergogenic Attributes of Young and
Mature Coconut (Cocosnucifera L.) Water Based on Physical Properties, Sugars and Electrolytes
Contents, International Journal of Food Properties, 21:1, 2378-2389, DOI:
10.1080/10942912.2018.1522329

1. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) has been described as one of the most important crop
commodities, especially in the tropical countries. (Hafeeza et al.,2018)