DEGREE FIRST YEAR AND 1st SEMESTER ENGLISH MATERIAL – 2021 -2022

TELANGA STATE UNIVERSITIES

K. SANTHOSH KUMAR (Prepared by)

IN THE BAZAARS OF HYDERABAD

- SAROJINI NAIDU

Introduction :- The poem “ IN THE BAZAARS OF HYDERABAD” was written by Indian woman
poet Sarojini Naidu. She called as “Nightingale of India”. The poem published in 1912. The poem has
five stanzas.

The poem was written during the freedom movement and was part of “ Swadeshi Movement”
and Indians were asked to boycott the foreign products and buy the goods from traditional Indian
bazaars. In the poem Sarojini Naidu explains about bazaars of Hyderabad and how the bazaars are
appearing and what they are selling.

The poem begins with asking questions to the merchants, what they are selling. The merchants
reply that they are selling crimson and silver colored turbans, purple brocade tunics, mirrors with amber
frame and daggers with handles of jade.

Second stanza she asks vendors what they are weighing. Vendors reply that they are weighing
saffron, lentil and rice. Poet asks maidens what they are grinding. They reply that they are grinding
sandalwood, henna and spices. Whereas peddlers are selling chessmen and dice.

Next stanza poet asks goldsmiths what they are making. They reply that they are making wristlet,
anklet, ring and bells to the feet of pigeons, the bells are as thin as wings of dragonfly and golden girdles
for the dancers.

In the fourth stanza poet asks fruit sellers what they are selling. They reply that they are selling
citron, pomegranate and plum. Next asks musician, they reply that they are playing on sitar, sarangi and
drum. Poet asks magician what he is chanting. He replies that, he spells to bring in a divine power.

In the last stanza poet asks the flower girls what they are weaving. They reply that they are
making garlands for the bride and groom and they are making sheets with white flowers for use of dead
man’s grave.
Here Sarojini Naidu represents the Indian markets and Indian heritage to the society and world. She
promotes Indian products and goods.

IF
RUDYARD KIPLING

Introduction:- “ IF ” the poem was written by RUDYARD KIPLING. The poem is a bundle of
suggestions from father to his son, about how to win the life.

The poem is divided into four stanzas and having eight lines each. In the poem the poet tells his
son how to cope with different situations in the life and after all, how to be a good human being. The
poem is written in the form of paternal advice to the poet’s son. The structure of the poem is important
to achieve the conditional goal.

To be a good human being and to succeed in life, we should keep calm when other people
around us are losing their cool, we should not lose our temperament even if others are blaming us for
their faults. We should have the faith in ourselves, even when others doubt us. But after that we should
give some importance to their doubt and try to find out what the reason is.

Poet says that we should work hard and wait for the results patiently. We should not get tired by
waiting. Poet said that there are number of real life examples where people missed big opportunities
only by losing their patience. People may lie about us to others, but we should not bother about that, we
should always remain truthful. People may hate you, but you should not hate them, we should show our
love and respect to others. To do something bigger we should dream first. But the dreams should be
realistic; we should be able to think over a matter.

Life is a combination of success and failures, joy and sorrow, and good times and bad times. We
should accept both and face the both situations with similar treatment. We have to bear the tough
situations in life, and we should not lose our temper. We should be able to accumulate all we have and
take a risk in one turn of the game of pitch-and-toss. We may lose the game and all our possessions.
But we have to stay calm without uttering a word about that lose, and rebuild it from the beginning.
We should have mental strength and the power of will. We have to force our body to serve us
even after is has lost the strength due to old age or illness. We should stay in touch with people from
every class of the society.
 Poet says that time is precious, as it waits for none. We should utilize every minute of our life in
productive work. We can get if we fulfill all the conditions, we can win this earth and everything in it.
We can go to top of the world and rule over everything. The poet wanted to show his son, the right way
to be a future leader. But it inspired many people.

ON HIS HAVING ARRIVED AT THE AGE OF TWENTY-THREE

- JOHN MILTON

Introduction:- The poem “ On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-three” was written by John
Milton. The poem is a devotional sonnet written in an autobiographical form and contains the poet’s
reflections on his late maturing. The poem has 14 lines and consisting of two parts- octave (the first eight
lines) and sestet (last six lines).

John Milton is one of the most celebrated writers of the English language. Despite the fact that his works
are very few, but he is viewed as the best essayist in English writing. The poem shows the worries that
Milton had, about his career when he was young and still hadn’t chosen his own way in life. In fact, this
problem is relevant even today, when young people have to decide on a career.

In this poem the poet blames time for stealing away his youth without ripening his poetic talent. He
regrets that time is a thief which has stolen his twenty-three years in a hurry. He has not got enough
opportunity to ripen his poetic talent. He feels that he has not attended maturity yet, though his outer
appearance shows that he has arrived at manhood, but inner ward is immaturity.

He feels that if he had got some more time to bring maturing in himself he would have been very happy.
But he realizes that it is the discussion of God for him and he ought not to have any regrets against it. He
believes that whatever God does is only justified for us. There is no conflict between man’s desire and
God’s will.

He asserts his complete faith in god and wishes to be guided by the divine will.
 Prefixes and suffixes
Prefixes: prefix is a word fragment added in front of a root or a word produces new word.

EX: prefix en + word sure = new word ensure Word

Identify the roots of each of the following words.

1. Genetic - Gene 6. Dictator - Dict

2. Paragraph - Graph 7. Admit - Mit
3. Predict - Dict 8. Photon - Photo
4. Uncountable - Count 9. Telemetry - Tele
5. Airport - Port

Suffix :
A suffix is a word fragment added at the end of a root or a word.

For example, hood, -less, -ly, ty. Combining root with suffixes produces new.

For example;

Word sure+ suffix –ly = new surely

EXERCISE

Identify the root word along with any prefix and / or suffix that is / are attached to it.

1. Salman watched a preview of the movie

Prefix – pre, Root word – view
2. Don’t be so childish
Suffix – ish, Root word – child
3. The magician made the pigeon disappear.
Prefix – dis Root word – appear
4. Ayub supervised the correction of the answer scripts.
Suffix – ion, Root word – correct
5. Radhika asked the actress for her autograph
Prefix – auto, Root word – graph
6. Vaishnavi is always methodical in her work
Suffix – ical, Root word – method
7. The biology lab has a microscope.
Suffix – logy, Root word – bio
8. Good temper goes hand in hand with happiness and contentment
Suffix – ness, Root word – happy :: Suffix – ment, Root word – content
9. The airport grounded flights due to lo visibility
Suffix – port, Root word – air :: Suffix – ity, Root word – visible
 10. I stood on a balcony overlooking the park
Suffix – ing, Prefix – over, Root word- look
11. Himensh’s story was unbelievable
Prefix – un, Suffix – able, Root word – belive
12. Chandan removed the item from the box.
Prefix – re, Suffix – ed, Root word – move
13. One should not dress informally in office.
Prefix – in, Suffix – ly, Root word – formal
14. Tata Motors manufactures cars.
Suffix – s, Root word – manufacture
15. He contradicts everything she says.
Prefix – contra, Root word – dict
16. Rithika has postgraduate degree.
Prefix – post, Root word – graduate
17. I am reading a biography.
Prefix – bio, Suffix – y, Root word – graph
18. Sylvia says she can predict the future.
Prefix – pre, Root word – dict

Fill in the blanks by modifying the words in the brackets as instructed.

1. He wants to befriend me on facebook. (pre+ friend)

2. She underestimated her strength. (Pre+ estimate)

3. Our team won the hockey championship (champion + suffix)

4. It is illegal to kill endangered animals. (Pre+ legal)

5. She was given a handful of sweets. (hand + suffix)

6. You need a combination of hand work and determination to succeed. (combine + suffix)

Pronouns
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.

1. If anyone asks, tell him / her I will be back tomorrow.

2. Fatima said that she and her sister work together.

3. Rohan wants to do it himself.

4. The camera I wanted for so long is finally it!

5. There is no ‘us’ and ‘you ’. ‘We ‘are all in it together.

6. They cooked the meat in their own juices.

Choose the correct pronoun from the options given in brackets.

1. It is up to [ we / us] to manage [ our / ours ] time well.

It is up to us to manage our time well.
2. Shakeel, Hari and [ she / her ] rode [ them / their / themselves ] bikes all the way home.
Shakeel, Hari and she rode their bikes all the way home
3. Whom can [ I / me ] trust, if not [ she / her ]?
Whom can I trust, if not her?
4. [ Me / I ] looked at [ I / me / myself ] in the mirror. [ myself / my / mine ] reflection stared back at [ I /
me / myself / itself ]
I looked at myself in the mirror my reflection stared back at me
5. Neither Ravi nor Rishi has done [him / their / his] homework. The teacher has punished [him / them /
them].
Neither Ravi nor Rishi has done his homework. The teacher has punished them.

Adjectives
Complete the exchanges below with single words or groups of words chosen from below.

Lovely tiny pink rusty and chipped blue silk dress

Famous old brass long and frilly short middle-aged

1. A: Do you know the short middle –aged man sitting by the window?

B: I do. He is a famous artist.

2. A: I love these tiny pink flowers.

B: Yes, they’re lovely.

3. A: Is this blue silk dress Deepa’s?

B: No, I don’t think so. Hers is long and frilly.

4. A: We saw an old brass coin in the shop window.

B: was it rusty and chipped?

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the right form of he adjectives in brackets.

1. What kind of food do you like the least ? (little)

2. Mother is a better singer than I am. (good)

3. Rahul is a kind boy.(kind)

4. This task is more urgent than all others. (urgent)

5. He thinks his car is as fast as yours. (fast)

6. The man was nobler than his father. (noble)

7. Savita is the most childish of all my friends. (childish)

8. His house is farther from the college than hers.(far)

9. It is safer to stay out in the open than indoors when there is an earthquake. (safe)

10. Of all the boxes in the van, the black steel one is the heaviest. (heavy)

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets in place of the words in italics.

Make sure that the meaning of your re-write sentence remain the same as that of the original sentence given to
you. See the example below for reference.

Example:

1. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (higher)

Mount Everest is higher than any other mountain in the world.
2. Suman is quicker than anyone in the group. (quickest)
Suman is the quickest one in the group
3. pune is closer to my village than Nagpur is. (close)
Nagapur is not as close to my village as Pune is.
4. Mother is not as tall as talented as her sister. (taller)
Her sister is taller than Mother.
5. No player in the team is as talented as prabhakar. (most talented)
Prabhakar is the most talented player in the team.
6. Asha’s house is farther from the city than all ours. (far)
Our houses are not as far from the city as Asha’s
7. Nitin’s watch is less expensive than everyone else’s. (least expensive)
Nitin’s watch is the least expensive of everyone else’s
8. Of all his children, Sudha is closest to her father. (closer)
Of all his children, Sudha is closer to her father than any other.
9. Maharashtra is one of the largest states in the country. (large)
No other state in the country is as large as Maharashtra.
10. Kamala has fewer chocolates than all her friends. (fewest)
 Kamala has the fewest chocolates of all her friends.

Fill in the black choosing the correct adjective from the list below. Each word can be used only once.

(Second several what every heavy good few next same great)

1. The ship sustained heavy damage.

2. I have called several times.
3. Every dog has its day.
4. What time is it?
5. Abdul won the second prize.
6. The man fell down from a great height.
7. Good wine needs no bush.
8. Don’t say the same words.
9. My uncle lives in the next house
10. He is a man of few words

Fill in the blank with the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives given in the brackets.

1. My bungalow is larger than hers. My bungalow is the largest in my colony. (large)

2. I am the fastest runner in my school. But my sister can run faster than me. (fast)

3. Not only is her handwriting better now, it is in fact the best in her class. (good)

4. This task is more important to me. It is the most important task I’ll do this week. (important)

5. I thought the green ones would cost the least, but the red ones cost less (little)

Homonyms, Homographs, Homophones

Homonyms:
Fill in the blanks

1. A snake ________ him. ( bit )

Add a _________of salt. ( bit )
2. She wrote a new ______. ( play )
The children went to ______in the park. (play)
3. I was asked to ________ a few lines of verse. ( pen )
The sheep are not in their _______ .( pen )
She uses a brush _______for calligraphy. ( pen )
4. The ______ tree is found in temperate regions. ( lime )
Let’s ______up the house before the guests arrive. ( lime )
5. We didn’t realize the _______ of the pandemic. ( scale )
The symphony is in the ______ of C major. ( scale )
You need to ________ the fish before cooking it. ( scale )
6. ________ out for fraudulent call. ( watch )
She got me an expensive ________ for my birthday. ( watch )

Homographs
Homographs are words that have the same spelling, but different pronunciations and meaning.

EX:

1. The wind is strong tonight. Wind (rhymes with ‘pinned’) =moving air.
2. I forgot to wind my watch. Wind (rhymes with ‘find’) =twist or coil something.

Homophone
Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation, but different spellings and different
meanings.

Ex:

1. Do not waste paper. Waste = spend throughtlessly.

2. She tried a sash around her waist. Waist=part of the body between ribs and hips.

Exercises

Fill in the blanks with the correct homophones from the options given in the box below

road, rode to, two, too principal, principle

banned, band board, bored their, there, they’re

1. I am bored of board games.

2. She rode her bike down the road.

3. Our principal is a lady of great principle.

4. they’re in their garden over there.

5. Did you buy two tickets to the show,too?

6. Arjun’s band was banned from playing in the school.

Fill in the blanks with the correct homophone from the options given in the brackets.

1. I brought a pair of gloves. (pare, pair, pear)

2. The king’s reign did not last very long. (rein, rain, reign)

3. If you park here, the police will tow your car away. (tow, toe)

4. The lioness picked up the scent of her prey. (sent, scent, cent)

5. She wanted to wear her favourite outfit. (wear, ware)

Articles

Fill in the blanks to the sentences below with a, an or the.

1. A / The Peacock is in danger of extinction.

2. Could you get me a kilogram of tea, please.
3. There is a European and an Ethiopian among the tourists.
4. The Sally I know lives in Bhubaneswar.
5. Sumita found a wallet on her way home. She took the wallet to the police station.
6. We must work to save tigers from becoming extinct the tiger is an important part of the ecosystem.
7. Have you had no article breakfast?
8. There’s no no article school today. The School is being used as a polling station.
9. It is an Awe-inspiring sight to see the Brahmaputra in spate.
10. This is a painting of the Western Ghats, and that is a photograph of the Mahabaleshwar peak.
11. Mary will go to no article school when she is three.
12. Our library has three coppice of the Mahabharata.

Fill in the blanks with indefinite articles where necessary.

1. She doesn’t own a car.

2. He came from an humble beginnings.
3. I saw no article bears at the Zoo.
4. He asked for no article milk.
5. She didn’t get an invitation.
6. I saw an eagle fly by.
7. She was an English teacher. She joined a union.
8. He brought no article milk, butter, and a loaf of bread.
9. The table is made of an wood.
10. Abdul was an honest man
Insert articles wherever necessary

1. There is book in my backpack. Book is very heavy

There is a book in my backpack. The book is very heavy
2. Do you know where I left car keys?
Do you know where I left the car keys.
3. I enjoy reading detective novels, especially ones by famous author Arthur Conan Doyle.
I enjoy reading detective novels, especially the ones by the famous author Arthur Conan Doyle.
4. French drink wine, while Americans drink beer.
The French drink wine, while the Americans drink beer.
5. Group of MBA students from university of Mumbai visited Harvard University in United State.
A Group of MBA students from the university of Mumbai visited Harvard University in the United
State.
6. Bible was first book to be printed by Gutenberg in fifteenth century.
The Bible was the first book to be printed by Gutenberg in the fifteenth century.
7. I am fond of music of Mozart. My grandfather owns antique piano.
I am fond of the music of Mozart. My grandfather owns an antique piano.
8. Cloth is sold by metre. Metre of this fabric cost me moon.
Cloth is sold by metre. A Metre of this fabric cost me the moon.
9. Sun is at highest point in sky at noon.
The Sun is at the highest point in the sky at noon.
10. After humans, chimpanzee is most intelligent among animals
After humans, chimpanzee is the most intelligent among animals

Correct the following sentences by using the right articles or (by removing articles where not required)

1. All applicants must possess an university degree.

All applicants must possess a university degree
2. I am studying for a MA in history
I am studying for an MA in history
3. He had spelt the word with a ‘s’ instead of a ‘c’
He had spelt the word with an ‘s’ instead of a ‘c’
4. I always use a HB pencil
I always use an HB pencil
5. In the class, the children were having arithmetic lesson.
In the class, the children were having an arithmetic lesson.
6. My brother is electrical engineer.
My brother is an electrical engineer.
7. The war lasted almost hundred years.
The war lasted almost hundred years.
8. I always get headache if I don’t wear my glasses.
I always get a headache if I don’t wear my glasses.
9. Swiss are very fussy about hygiene
The Swiss are very fussy about hygiene
 10. His lawyer produced an important new evidence.
His lawyer produced important new evidence.
11. Give it to cat.
Give it to a cat.
12. Ann is doctor
Ann is a doctor
13. Our plants need a water
Our plants need water
14. We had a breakfast in the hotel restaurant.
We had breakfast in the hotel restaurant.
15. We must try harder to stop these people from destroying the nature
We must try harder to stop these people from destroying nature
16. I don’t like driving in a heavy traffic.
I don’t like driving in heavy traffic.
17. The petrol is expensive.
Petrol is expensive.
18. They have the really bad roads here
They have really bad roads here

Some of the following sentences may have errors relating to the use of articles. Rewrite the incorrect
sentences correctly.

1. The oranges and lemons are citrus fruits.

Oranges and lemons are citrus fruits.
2. Asif is going to visit the Oxford University.
Asif is going to visit Oxford University.
3. The government needs to enforce pollution laws. Government around the world needs to cooperate in
the fight against the pollution.
The government needs to enforce the pollution laws. the Government around the world needs to
cooperate in the fight against pollution.
4. The elephants and the lions are found in India.
Elephants and lions are found in India.
5. Have you been to Nilgiri hills?
Have you been to the Nilgiri hills?
6. The history is not really Faiza’s favorite subject, but she finds the history of Greeks fascinating
Hhistory is not really Faiza’s favorite subject, but she finds the history of Greeks fascinating.
7. You can take Visaka Express to Mumbai.
You can take the Visaka Express to Mumbai.
8. The children have been sent to the bed.
The children have been sent to bed.
9. English language is full of the confusing rules. English also has many strange idioms.
The English language is full of confusing rules. English also has many strange idioms.
10. Have you ever wanted to climb the Mt Everest?
Have you ever wanted to climb Mt Everest?
 11. Gold you buy here is of the excellent quality.
The Gold you buy here is of the excellent quality.
12. A TV critic comments on the plot, the acting, and other aspects of a TV show.
The TV critic comments on the plot, the acting, and other aspects of the TV show.
13. Manoj heard a old tale about an unicorn.
Manoj heard an old tale about an unicorn.
14. Philosophy discussed in this book is very difficult to understand.
The Philosophy discussed in this book is very difficult to understand.
15. UK laws don’t apply to the UAE except at UK embassy.
The UK laws don’t apply to the UAE except at the UK embassy.

COLLOCATION
Correct collocation in each of the given pairs.

Wrong Correct

1. Honest apology sincere apology

2. profuse welcome
3. Complete a Promise
4. Do a mistake
5. Sow benefits
6. Bring a difference
7. pay sympathy to
8. Gossip writer
9. work your duty
10. speak easy English
11. Press an icon
12. Have a conversation
13. make conversation with Have conversation with
14. glare towards
15. Do a part
Warm welcome
Fulfill a promise.
make a Mistake
reap benefits
Make a difference
Have sympathy for
gossip columnist
Do your duty
Speak fluent English
click on an icon
make a conversation
Glare at
Play a part
 Fill in The blanks by choosing from the collocations given below. Each collocation can be used just
once. (some of these form idiomatic expressions: look up their meanings if you need hints.)

Save time make time stall for time bang on time

About time rough times buy time pressed for time

Spare time record time in time precious time

Tell time time to kill set time take time off

Keep time great time hard time run out of time

1. Kaif isn’t late for the party. He came exactly at 7 pm- he is bang on time.

2. We couldn’t take up another assignment as we were pressed for time.

3. My work hours are flexible. I don’t need to begin at a set time

4. John asked his boss, ‘I know you’re busy, but can you make time for me this week? I need to discuss
something with you.

5. Tsering was so eager to finish that he got done in record time

6. We’re already very late. if we take this route we shall save time

7. I can’t spend my precious time on trivial pursuits.

8. You’re going to have a great time in Singapore!

9. We need to stall for time to thoroughly discuss the matter before replying to them.

10. I’m sorry I cannot attend the call now. I’ve run out of time and I have to rush.

11. We got there just about time! There were about to close the gates.

12. He gave me a hard time about missing the deadline.

13. Jyothi wasn’t ready for the presentation. She tried to buy time by requesting Dolma to go before her.

14. My computer has been out of order for two weeks. I think It’s in time I repair it.

15. Vishnu has been through some rough times.

16. My music teacher helps me keep time when I play the drums.

17. This weekend I shall take time off from work to meet my school friends.

18. We have time to kill before the train arrives.

19. Lama spends all his spare time helping others

20. I taught my little niece to tell time with an analogue cock.