Chapter 1: PRESENTTIME 7. right now I l.

right now
8. right now 12. habit
E X E R C IIS, Ep . l . 9. habit 13. habit
10. right now
eART II. . . . Maria is from Mexico. Right now, she's
living on Fifth Avenue in an apartment (on: in an
apartment on Fifth Avenue). She has been here for three E X E R C I5S, Ep . 5 .
days. She came here to stud)' English at this school 2. amsitting...sit
before she goes to another school to study computer 3. speaks... is speaking
orogramming. In her free time, she likes to get on the 4. Does it rain . . . is
Internet. 5. Is it raining . . . is starting
6. is walking
pARTIII: Possibleintoduction: I would like to introduce
7. walks . . . Do you walk . . . Does Oscar walk
Kunio to you. He's from Japan. Right now, he's living in
8. am buying . . .buy
a dorm. He has been here for two months. Right now
he's studying English. Later, he's going to study
E X E R C I1S0E,p . 1 0 .
engineering at this school. In his free time, he reads a lot.
2. Tom is always at
He also likes to get on the Internet.
3. The mail usually comes
PARTIv: Expectedquestions: 4. The mail is usually here
!0hat is your name? 5. I generally eat
Where are you from? 6. Tom is generally in
'Where
are you living? / !7here do you live? 7. . . . do you generally eat
How long have you been in (this city)? 8. Are you usually in
Why did you come here?
\?hat do you like to do in your free time? E X E R C IlSl ,Ep . ] 0 .
1. c. Jack frequently doesn't shave
E X E R C I3S,Ep . 3 . d. Jack occasionally doesn't shave
l. I am a student at this school. (on: We are students e. Jack sometimes doesn't shave
at this school.) f. Jack always shaves
2. I atn not living at home right now. g. Jack doesn't ever shave
3. I am living in this city. h. Jack never shaves
4. I'm studying English. i. Jack hardly ever shaves
5. I don't know my teacher'sname. i. Jack rarely shaves
6. (name) teaches our English class. k. Jack seldom shaves
7. She/He expects us to be in class on time. 2. a. I usually don't eat breakfast.
8. \We always come to class on time. b. I don't always eat breaKast.
9. Does Omar go to school? / Is Omar going to c. I seldom eat breaKast.
school? d. I don't ever eat breaKast.
10. Tom doesn't go to school. 3. a. My roommate generally isn't home
I 1. My sister doesn't have a job. b. My roommate sometimes isn't home
12. Does Anna have a iob? c. My roommate isn't always home
d. My roommate is hardly ever home
4, p.5.
EXERCISE
l. right now 4 . right now E X E R C I1S4E,p . 1 2 .
2. right now 5 . habit 3. listens = a singular verb
3. habit 6 . habit 4. students : a blural noun
465
 5. helps : a singular aerb 20, p.20.
EXERCISE
6. Planets = a plural noun 2. Is it raining . . . it isn't . . . don't think
7. lists : a singular verb 3. Do your friends write . . . they do . . . get
8. likes, takes, sits, feeds : singular verbs 4, Are the students taking . . . they aren'r . . . are doing
bus: a singularnoun 5. Does the weather affect . . . it does . . . get
birds, Ducks, pigeons : plural nouns 6. Is Jean studying. . . she isn't. . . is . . . is playing. . .
Does Jeanplay. . . she doesn't. . . snldies . . . Is she . . .
15,p. 12.
EXERCISE s h ei s . . . p l a y s . . . D o y o u p l a y . . . I d o . . . a m n o t
3. hopes 8. waits 12. buys
4. reaches 9. mixes 13. en,oys 22, p.21.
EXERCISE
5. moves 10. blows 14. flies 2. Arethey watching. . . aren't . . . are playing
6. kisses ll. studies 15. carries 3. hear. . . Do you hear. . . do
7. pushes 4. are you listening . . . want
5. am. . . areyou doing. . . am trying. . . is resting
16,p, I3.
EXERCISE 6. do you think. .. think. . . don'tthink
3. floats I 1. consists 7. are you thinking . . . am thinking . . . am not thinking
4. flow (no change) 12. sleep (no change) ...don'tbelieve
5. worries 13. contains 8 . D o y o u s e e . . . a m t a l k i n g . . .i s w e a r i n g . . . D o y o u
6. buys 14. freezes...boils know...don'tthink
7. fly (no change) 15. crosses. . . walks . . . uses 9. Doyouknow...do...is... doesn'tmake...know
8. teaches 16. enjoy (no change). . . lasrs
9. asks . . . brings 23, p.23.
EXERCISE
10. watches (l) Mv friend Omar owns his own car now. fr,s
brand new. Today he is driving to a small town north of
E X E R C I1S7E,p . 1 4 . the city to visit his aunt. He loves to listen to music, so
l. A star shines in the sky at night. the CD player is playing one of his favorite CDs-loudly.
2. Automobiles cause air pollution. Omar is very happy: he is driving his own car and
3. A rubber band stretcheswhen you pull it. listening to loud music. He's looking forward to his visit
4. A hotel supplies its guests with clean rowels. with his aunt.
5. Newspaper ink stains my hands when I read the (2) Omar visits his aunt once a week. She's elderly
paper. and lives alone. She thinks Omar is a wonderful
6. Oceans support a huge variety of marine life. nephew. She loves his visits. He tries to be helpful and
7. A bee gathers nectar from flowers. considerate in every way. His aunt doesn't hear well, so
9. A hurricane causesgreat destruction when it reaches Omar j+ speaks loudly and clearly when he's with her.
land. (3) rifhen he's there, he fixes things for her around
10. A river flows downhill. her apartment and helps her with her shopping. He
11. Does physical exerciseimprove your circulation and doesn't stay with her overnight. He usually stays for a
general health? few hours and then heads back to the ciry. He kisses his
12. An elephant uses its long trunk like a hand to pick aunt good-bye and gives her a hug before he leaves.
things up. Omar is a very good nephew
14. Brazll produces one-fourth of the world's coffee.

19,p. 17.
EXERCISE Chapter2: PASTTIME
l. am looking. . . see
2. Do you need . . . Do you want I, p.24.
EXERCISE
3. think.. . know. . . forget. . . remember 1.b 6. d,c ll. c,c,crc
4. Do you believe . . . are you talking . . . exist 2. b,b 7. c,c 12. c
5. are . . . are having. . . have . .. are playing. . . like . . . 3. a 8. c,b,b 13.b,b,b
are sunbathing. . . are trying. . . are listening.. . hear 4. c 9. d,b,c 14.c,c
6 . a r e y o ut h i n k i n g .. . a m t h i n k i n g . . . D o y o u l i k e . . . 5. c,c 10.c,c,d 15.c,b
think
7 . do you prefer. . . like . .. am reading. . . prefer. . . 2, p.26.
EXERCISE
are . . . value . . . means . . . is . . . loves . . . sounds 2. I don't live in a tree. I live in . . . .
s p i n s . . . i s s p i n n i n g . .. A r e y o u t r y i n g . . . D o y o u 3. I didn't take a taxi to school today.
really think. . . Do you believe . . . are growing. . . I...toschooltoday.
are getting. . . are taking . . . are speaking 4 . I ' m n o t s i t t i n g o na . . . s o f a .I ' m s i t t i n g o n . . . .

466 ANSWER
KEY
 5. Our teacher didn't write Romeoand Juliet. 6. crying,cried 14. signing, signed
Shakespearewrote.... 7. praying,prayed 15. pointing, pointed
6. Our teacher's name isn'trJTilliam Shakespeare. 8. smiling,smiled 16. appearing, appeared
Our teacher's name is . . . . 9. failing,failed 17. relaxing, relaxed
7 . I w a s n ' t o n a c r u i s es h i p . . . y e s t e r d a y .I w a s . . . . 10. filing, filed 18. borrowing, borrowed
8. Rocks don't float, and wood doesn't sink. I l. dragging,dragged 19. aiming, aimed
Rocks sink, and wood floats. 12. using,used 20. cramming, crammed
9. The teacher didn't fly into the classroom today. The 13. preferring,preferred
teacher.. . .
10. Spiders don't have six legs.
Spiders have eight legs. E X E R C I1S0E,p . 3 4 .
Expectedanswers:
l. drove...rode... 12. caught
E X E R C I5S, Ep . 2 8 . tooVrode 13. stoleitook
4. asVtl 8. push/t/ 12. touch/t/ 2. slept 14. wore
5. starded/ 9. addladl 13. waveldl 3. wore 15. s a n g .. . p u t
6. drop/t/ 10. pass/V 14. point/ed/ 4. froze 16. shook
7. pull/d/ 11. return/d/ 15. agreeldl 5. drank 17. swept
6. chose/took 18. flew
7. hung/put 19. held
E X E R C I6S, Ep . 2 9 .
8. rang...woke 20. fed
1. answer/d/ 6. finish/t/ ll. work/t/
9. rose/cameup 21. dug
2. arriveldl 7. ftxltl 12. invite/ed/
10. sent/wrote 22. left...forgot
3. continue/di 8. helpit/ 13. suggest/ed/
I 1. taught
4. endledl 9. look/t/ 14. smell/d/
5. explain/d/ 10. plan/d/ 15. crossit/
I l, p. 35.
EXERCISE
E X E R C I7S,Ep . 3 0 . Expectedanswers:
l. cut 12. sold
2. waiting, waited / 13. taping, taped
2. spent 13. hid
3. hitting, (hit) 14. tapping, tapped
3. kept 14. tore...threw
4. writing, (wrote/written) 15. raining, rained
4. read 15. drew
5. shouting, shouted 16. running, (ran/run)
5. lost...went... found 16. felt
6. cutting, (cut) 17. whining, whined
6. held 17. heard.. .got
7. meeting, (met) 18. winning, (won)
7. met 18. won
8. hoping, hoped 19. explaining,
8. forgave 19. bit
9. hopping, hopped explained
9. broke 20. blew
10. helping, helped 20. burning,
10. bought 21. caught. . . swam
I 1. sleeping, (slept) burned,iburnt
11. fought 22. told... knew
12. stepping, stepped

E X E R C I8S,Ep . 3 0 . E X E R C I1S3E,p . 3 7 .
2. DidTom's plane arrive . . . it did . . .got
1. opening, opened 11. hurrying,hurried
3. Didyou go... I didn't. .. stayed...didn'tfeel
2. beginning, 12. studying, studied
4. DidMarkTwainwrite. . . he did. . . wrote
(began/begun) 13. enjoying, enjoyed
5. Did you eat. . . I didn't. . . didn'thave . . . didn'tring
3. occurring, occurred 14. replying, replied
4. happening, happened 15. staying, stayed
5. referring, referred 16. buying, (bought) E X E R C I1S6E,p . 4 0 .
6. offering, offered 17. trying, tried 2. waseating...came
7. listening, listened 18. rying, tied 3. came...waseating
8. admitting, admitted 19. dying, died 4. was sleeping
9. visiting, visited 20. lying, lied 5. wassleeping...rang
10. omitting, omitted 6. rang...wassleeping
7. began
E X E R C I9S, Ep . 3 1. 8. waswalking...saw
2. promising,promised 4. wiping, wiped 9. saw. . . was standing. . . was holding
3. slapping,slapped 5. carrying, carried 10. waved...saw

KEY 467
ANSWER
 8,p.4l .
E X E R C I S1E E X E R C I2S2E, p . 4 9 .
3. w a s . . . t a l k i n g . . . w e r ed e s c r i b i n g 2. Before I left my apartment this morning, I
4. is. . . talking. .. is describing unplugged the coffee pot. oR I unplugged the coffee
5. am walking pot before I left my apartment this morning.
6. was walking 3. Until I was seven years old, I lived on a farm. on
I lived on a farm until I was sevenyears old.
E X E R C I1S9E,p . 4 2 . 4. As soon as I heard the doorbell, I opened the door.
PART I. on I opened the door as soon as I heard the
2. is studying 14. is weaving doorbell.
3. is sitting 15. seems 5. \X4rilethe rabbit was sleeping, the fox climbed
4. isn't studying 16. isn't through the window. on The fox climbed through
5. is staring 17. looks the window while the rabbit was sleeping.
rVhen the fox climbed through the window, the
6. wants 18. never had
7. is looking 19. was rabbit was sleeping. on The rabbit was sleeping
8. are you looking 20. was when the fox climbed through the window.
9. am watching 21 . tried 6. !(/hen it began to rain, I stood under a tree. oR
10. don't know 22. \aughed I stood under a tree when it began to rain.
I 1. admire 23. tried 7. \\rtrile I was lying in bed with the flu, my friends were
12. is steering 24. was swimming at the beach. oR I was lying in bed with
13. is drinking the flu while my friends were swimming ar rhe beach.
!(rhiie my friends were swimming at the beach, I was
PART II.
lying in bed wi*r the flu. on I was lying in bed with
26. (was) studying 34. was drinking
the flu while my friends were swimming at the beach.
27. was sitting 35. was weaving
28. wasn't studying 36. seemed
29. was staring 37. never learned (alsopossible: 23, p.50.
EXERCISE
30. was watching had never learned) 2. bought . . . went; ada cl : [before I went to the
31. walked 38. was hospital yesterdayto visit my friendl
32. pointed 39. offered 3 . w e n t . . .g o t . . . w a s . . . w a s p l a n t i n g . . . w a s . . . w a s
33. was steering 40. accepted working. . . was changing. . . were playing. . . was
changing . . . were playing; ada cl : [When I got there
E X E R C I2S0E, p . 4 4 . around two o'clock] and [while Mr. Smith was
( 3 ) c h o s e . . . t o o k . . . h e l d . . . w a l k e d . .d. r o p p e d . . . changing the oil in the carl
picked. . . spotted.. . bent. . . was 4 . h i t . . . w a s u s i n g . . . h u r t ; a d a c l : [ w h i l eI w a s u s i n g
(4) hopped.. . picked... brought... am.. . claim the hammerl
(5) told...refused...heard...laughed...laughed 5. heard.. . began;ada cl: [As soon as we heard the
...said news ofthe approaching hurricane]
( 6 ) f e l t . . . a m . . . f e l l . . . s o b b e d . . .l o v e d . . . b e l i e v e d 6. walked. . . got. . . stopped. . . rested . . .was; adts
. . . d i d n ' t u n d e r s t a n d . .h i d . . . k e p t . . . g r e w . . . 17: [until he got tired] and [until he was strong
had. . . rang enough to continue]
(7) left . . . ran . . . went . . . ate . . . drank . . . cur . . . 7. waslying...heard...heard...turned...held...
washed. . . swept. . . made . . . took. . . was listened . . . was chewing; ada cl : fW4rile I was lying
( 8 ) w e n t . . . w a s .. . s w a m . . . b e c a m e . . . w a s in bed last nightl and fWhen I heard this srrange
swimming. . . lost. . . quit. . . was drowning. . . noisel
appeared . . . pushed. . . saved 8. was looking. . . started. . . took. . . was taking. . .
( 9 ) d i d y o us a v e . . .a r e . . . h a v e . . .d o n o t . . . a m (was) enjoying. . . came . . . asked . . . told. . . thanked
(10) said...began...sat... Iistened...understood . . . went . . . stayed . . . came . . . covered . . . went . . .
. . . t o l d . . . s h a r e d . . .s p e n r . . . t a l k e d . .. l a u g h e d returned . . . noticed. . . was making. . . was humming
...played...worked . . . t h o u g h t . . . s h u t . . . g o r . . . I e f t . . . s p e n t a; d a c l :
( 1 1 ) w e r es i t t i n g . . . b e n t . . . k i s s e d . . . r u r n e d . . . t o o k [while I was looking] and [while I was taking a short
. . . s a v e d . . . l o o k e d .s. .a w . . . f o u n d . . .a m . . . break outdoors and . . . on my face] and [After I told
saw...found him how to get there] and [until a big cloud came and
(12) returned... got. .. were.. . ignored... didn'ttalk covered the sun] and [As soon as I returned to my
. .. made. . . gave... lived deskl

468 ANSWER
KEY
 24, p.52.
EXERCISE 4. Ms. Bok probably won't fly / probably isn't going to
2....usedtowork fly
3. Margo -$ras-used to teach She'll probably travel i is probably going to travel
4. Where did you use(d) to live? 5. Mr. Chu will probably call / is probably going to call
5. didn't tras use(d) to ...ore-mail
6. Did you use(d) to He probably won't wait / probably isn't going to wait
7. . . . used to go to the beach 6. Gina probably won't run / probably isn't going to run
She'll probably skip / is probably going to skip

25, p.52.
EXERCISE
2. used to think E X E R C I1S3E,p . 6 3 .
3. did you use(d) to live 2. (r) 6. (1)
4. Did you use(d) to work 3. (2) 7. (r),(2)
5. never used to wake up i didn't use(d) to wake up . . . 4. (1) 8. (l), (2),(2),(2)
used to sleep 5. (r), (2)
6. used to watch . . . didn't use(d) to watch . . . did you
use(d) to watch
4,p.64.
E X E R C I S1E
3. will 7. will
Chapter 3: FUTURETIME
4. am going to 8. will
5. will 9. am going to
E X E R C I2S,Ep . 5 6 . 6. are going to 10. will . . . will
2. is Alex going to be . . . is going to be
3. Are you going to finish . . . I'm going to finish
.|5,
4. are you going to call . . . am not going to call . . . am EXERCISE p.65.
going to send 2. . . . after she -will returns from vacation next week.
5. is Dr. Price going to talk . . . is going to discuss 3. . . . as soon as my plane -will lands.
4. . . . until I -will find something better.
6, p.59.
EXERCISE 5. . . . as soon as you -will find out anything about it.
6. \i7hen you are in Australia next month,
2. \07e'll 5. He'll
3. You'll 6. It'll 7. If it isn't cold tomorrow, . . . If it is cold tomorrow,
4. She'll 7. They'll
E X E R C I1S6E, p . 6 6 .
E X E R C I7S,Ep . 5 9 . 2. w i l l c a l l. . . r e t u r n s 6. willstay...calls
1. "Rob'll" 5. "party'll"
3. won'tbe...come 7. doesn't come . . . will miss
2. "Dinner'll" 6. "Sam'11" go .. . will prepare
4. 8. gets (ako possible:is) . . .
3. "Mary'Il" 7. "friends'll"
5. visits...willtake will eat. . . is . . . will be
4. "weather'll" 8. "sun'll"

20, p.69.
EXERCISE
8, p.60.
EXERCISE
l. a. goes...brushes
2. very sure 7. 50% sure
b. goes . . . is going to e-mail / will e-mail
3. 90% sure 8. very sure
c. went...took
4. 50% sure 9. very sure (art museum),
d. wastaking...rang
5. 90% sure 50olosure (naturalhistorymuseum)
e. rang...jumped
6. very sure 10. 90% sure
f. gets . . . is going to brush / will brus
g. brushes...gets
E X E R C I9S,Ep . 6 l . 2. a. get. . . drink
2. Rosa probably won't go i probably isn't going to go b. get . . . am going to drink / will drink
She'll probably stay / is probably going to stay home c. will not have . . . get
and rest. d. got...drank
3. Sam will probably go / is probably going to go e. wasdrinking... came. .. offered
He probably won't stay up / probably isn't going to f. is probably going to drop / will probably drop . .
stav uD comes . . . am going to make / will make

ANSWER
KEY 469
E X E R C I2S2E, p . 7 O . 6. dug...buried
1. A: are . . . doing (uturQ 7. comes . . . am going to play . . . iog (on.: am playing
B: am going (future) . . . jogging)
B: am going. . . are . . . doing (future) 8 . w a sc a r r y i n g . . . c l i m b i n g . . . f l e w . . . s a r . . .
A: am going . . . are going (future) dropped . . . spilled [BrE: spilt]
B: am meeting (future) 9. arrived . . . started. . . was watching. . . feeling. . .
2. A: are. . . taking (present) k n o c k e d . . . a s k e d . . . s e e . . . s p e n d . . . a r eg o i n g t o
B: am taking (present) borrow. . . go (on: are borrowing. . . going) . . . are
A: are . . . taking (futurQ taking . . . going (on: are going to take . . . go)
B: am taking (future)
3. A: am going (future)
E X E R C I3S1E, p . 7 7.
B: are... going (future)
l. ride . . . was raining . . . took. . . arrived . . .
B: Are . . . flying . . . taking/drivlng (future)
discovered
A: am flying (future)
2 . opens. . . leave
A: am taking (future)
3 . cut . . . is bleeding . . . will get
B: am staying (future)
4 . am going / going to go . . . are going / going to go
4. A: are. . . doing (present)
5 . A: is ringing
B: am cutting (present)
B: know
5. A: am leaving ffuture)
A: Are you going to answer
A: am spending (future) . . . is going (present) . . . am
A: Do you want
visiting (future)
A: don't you want
B: am expecting . . . don't want
E X E R C I2S5E, p . 7 3 . 6 . are you wearing i going to wear . . . am planning /
3. b 6. a,b plan. . . bought. . . is . . . will show. . . will get . .
4. a,b 7. a,b bring
5 . b 8 . b 7. A: is . . . are flashing
B: know.. . know. .. see
26, p.74.
EXERCISE A: is going . . . Are you speeding
l. The chimpanzee is about to eat a banana. B: am driving
2. The man is about to leave/walk out the door. A: is passing
3. The airplane is abour to land. 8. A: tW/ill the sun keep . . . will it eventually bwrn (also
4. The woman is about to answer the phone. possible:be going to)
B: will eventually burn . . . won't happen (also
E X E R C I2S7E, p . 7 4 . possible:be going to)
9. will land/ is going to land . . . think. . . will find/ are
Possibleansu)ers:
going to find . . . don't expect / am not expecring . . .
2. She's about to open the door.
3. He's about to finish the exam. believe . . . will make / are going to make
4. She's about to wash her hands.
5. He's about to leave/gooutside. E X E R C I3S2E, p . 7 9 .
6. She's about to swat the fly. (1) made. .. didn'thave.. . weren'r... wore
7. He's about to go to bed. ( 2 ) m a k e . . . c o m e s . .. b n y
(3)is...wear...wear
E X E R C I2S9E, p . 7 5 . (4) exist...wear... are
2....andinvited (5) will probably be / are probably going to be . . . will
3....andthink wear / are going to wear . . . \7ill we all dress / Are
4....andstudying we all going to dress . . . show . . . do you think
5....andturn
33, p. 80.
EXERCISE
30, p. 76.
EXERCISE 2....andlpassedit.
l. walked. . . was reading. . . smoking 3. I do not like the food in the United States.
2. is goingto/will move . . . look. . . graduares 4. I used to get up
3. calls...complains 5. I study hard every day, but my English is not
4. is crying. . . laughing irnproving.
5. get . . . am taking . . . going (on: am going to take 6. Everyone enioys
. . .go) 7. . . . sang songs and talked to each other.

470 nruswen
rev
 8. I studied English in my school in Hong Kong Chapter 4: THE PR"ESENTPERFECT AND
before I came here. THE PAST PERFECT
9. I like to travel. I arn going to go to
10. Now I am studying at this school and / living with I, p. 83.
EXERCISE
my cousin. I -am always meet my friends in the 2. am 1 3 . didn't practice
cafeteria, and we talk about our classes. 3. am studying t 4 . were
I l. \0(rhenI wake up in the morning, I turn on the radio 4. have been 1 5 . came
before I get up. 5. arrived 1 6 . have met
12. I -e* live with . . . They have four children. 6. began 1 7 . have met
13. . . . man took it . . . and killed it without mercy. 7. came 1 8 . had never met (also
14. . . . the weather is not -tebe cloudv. I see/can see a 8. have done possible: never rnet)
beautiful 9. have met 1 9 . know
15. . . . children -th€r are going to join me after I r#i+ 10. went 20. have become (oR: are
finish I l. met becoming)
12. spoke

E X E R C I3S4E, p . 8 1 .
l I want to tell you about Oscar. He is my cousin. He
2, p.84.
EXERCISE
came here four years ago. Before he came here, he
3. gone 12. studied
studied statistics in Chile. \Xrhen he left Chile to
4. had 13. stayed
come here, he came with four friends. They studied 5. met 14. begun
English in Ohio. Then he went to New York and 6. called 15. started
stayed there for three years. He graduated from New 7. fallen 16. written
York University. Now he is studying at this school. 8. done 17. eaten
After he finishes his Master's degree, he will return 9. known 18. cut
to Chile. 10. flown 19. read [pronounced "red"]
2. Lnng ago in a faraway place, a lonely man moved into 11. come 20. been
a new neighborhood. His first project was his new
garden. He began to work on it right away. He
wanted to make a perfect garden. One day some 3, p.85.
EXERCISE
friendly neighbors and their children visited the man 2. Have you ever stayed . . . have . . . have stayed
3. Have you ever met . . . haven't . . . have never met
in his garden and helped him with the work. They
4. HasTom evervisited. . . has . . . has visited
planted flowers and built a small bridge across a little
5. H a s A n n e v e r b e e n . . .h a s n ' t . . . h a sn e v e r b e e n . . .
stream. All of them were very happy while they were
has not been
building the bridge and working on the garden. The
man was especially happy because he was no longer
lonely. \i(rhile the adults were working, some of their
E X E R C I4S, Ep . 8 7.
children played/were playrng with a ball in the "Bob's been"
l. 6. "My friends've moved"
garden. While they were playing, one of them "Jane's
2. been" 7. "My roommate's
stepped on a flower. Suddenly the man got very 3. "The weather's been" traveled"
angry and told everyone to leave. All the neighbors 4. uMy parents've been" 8. "My aunt and uncle've
left and went back to their own homes. After that, 5. "Mike's already" lived"
the man built a wall arpund his garden and locked
the gate. For the rest of his life, the man sat alone in
his garden every evening and cried. 6, p.88.
EXERCISE
SPECIFIED TJNSPECIFIED

35, p. 8l .
EXERCISE
a 3. present perfect
a 4. simple past
l does yours say 7. don't understand a 5. simple past
2. will be added 8. speaVare speaking X 6. present perfect
3. Are you planning 9. will just smile X 7. present perfect
4. will prove 10. will make x 8. simple past
5. like I l. looks X 9. present perfect
6. will overcome 12. will have X 10. simple past

ANSWER
KEY 47I
E X E R C I7S,Ep . 8 8 . E X E R C I1S6E, p . 9 3 .
3. h a v e . . . h a v ee a t e n . . . a t e l. sold, sold 9. thought, thought
4. have already seen. . . saw 2. told, told 10. taught, taught
5. have already written . . . wrote 3. heard, heard I l. caught,caught
6. H a s A n t o n i oe v e r h a d . . . h a s . . . h a s h a d . . . h a d 4. held, held 12. cut, cut
7. have already read . . . read 5. fed, fed 13. hit, hit
8. h a v e y o u v i s i t e d . .. h a v e v i s i t e d . . .v i s i t e d .. . w a s 6. read, read 14. quit, quit
7. found,found 15. put,put
1E
EXERCIS 0,p.91. 8. bought, bought
2. ate, eaten 7. drove, driven
3. gave, given 8. rode, ridden
il. fell, fallen 9. wrote, written
E X E R C I1S7E, p . 9 4 .
5. took, taken 10. bit, bitten
l. taught 6. heard 11. bought
6. shook, shaken I l. hid, hidden
2. held 7. read 12. sold
3. found 8. fed 13. hit
4. cut 9. told 14. put
l, p. 91.
E X E R C I Sl E 5. thought 10. quit [BrE: quitted] 15. caught
l. Have you ever taken 7. Have you ever driven
2. Have you ever ridden 8. Have you ever eaten
3. Have you ever written 9. Have you ever hidden E X E R C I1S8E, p . 9 4 .
4. Have you ever given 10. Have you ever fallen 3. since 8. for 13. for
5. Have you ever shaken I I. Have you ever seen 4. since 9. since 14. for
6. Have you ever bitten 5. for 10. for 15. since
6. since I l. since 16. for
12, p.92.
EXERCISE 7. since 12. since
l. broke,broken 8. threw,thrown
2. spoke, spoken 9. blew, blown
3. stole, stolen 10. flew, flown , p.96.
E X E R C I2Sl E
4. got, gotten (got) I 1. drank, drunk 2. has changed . . . [since he started school]
5. worerworn 12. sangrsung 3. [Ever since I was a child], I have been afraid
6. drew, drawn 13. swam, swum 4. haven't slept . . . [since I left home three days ago]
7. grew, grown 14. went, gone 5. [Ever since Danny met Nicole], he hasn't been
6. has had . . . [ever since he bought it]
.|3, .|92. 7. have you eaten [since you got up this morning] . . .
EXERCISE p.
have eaten
l. flown 6. worn I 1. sung
8 . h a d . . . w a s . . . [ E v e r s i n c e l l e f t h o m e a t t h e a g eo f
2. broken 7. gone 12. drunk
fifteen], I have taken . . . have had . . . have learned
3. drawn 8. gotten (got) 13. thrown
4. swum 9. stolen 14. blown
5. spoken 10. grown
23, p.99.
EXERCISE
2. is waiting . . . has been waiting
E X E R C I1S4E, p . 9 2 . 3. are talking. . . have been talking
I. had, had 8. lost, lost 4. are doing . . . have been doing
2. made, made 9. slept, slept 5. A: are you doing B: am working
3. built, built 10. felt, felt A: have you been working B: have been working
4. lent, lent 11. met, met
5. sent, sent 12. sat, sat
6. spent, spent 13. won, won 25, p. 100,
EXERCISE
7. left, left 14. hung, hung 4. have read
5. have been reading
E X E R C I1S5E, p . 9 3 . 6. have stayed
l. lost 6. left I l. made 7. has been crying
2. met 7. sat 12. built 8. has been teaching / has taught
3. had 8. spent 13. won 9. has been playing i has played . . . have been playing /
4. felt 9. lent 14. hung have played
5. sent 10. slept 10. has been working / has worked . . . has worked

472 Rruswen
rev
 26, p.102.
EXERCISE ll I almost died in an automobile accident five years
2. akeady 8. yet ago. Since that day my life has changed completely.
3. still 9. still t2. In my country, women have been soldiers in the
4. anymore 10. yet.. . still army since the 1970s.
5. already 11. already 13. I met Abdul in my first English class last June . . .
6. yet 12. still . . . anymore $7e have been friends since that day.
7. still 14. . . .I lived (on: have lived) there for twenry years.
15. My wife and I were in Italy two weeks ago.
16. . . . A lot ofour friends have visited her since she
broke her leg.
30, p. 105.
EXERCISE
17. I have been busy every day since I arrived in this
l. A: Do you have B: am planning A: Have you
city.
everbeen B: was...lives/isliving... go
18. I haven't +s eaten any kind of Chinese food for a
2. B: is studying A: will she get / is she going to get /
week.
is she getting A: has she been studying A: Does
she study
3. A: is talking B: is she talking A: have been 32, p. 108.
EXERCISE
talking
2. haven't been 4 0 . are
4 . A : D o y o u k n o w B : h a v e . . . g e t . . . w i l l c a l l. . .
3. haven't heard 4 t . know
(will) give B: will do
4. have been az. enter
5. A: hasbeen....Hasanyoneseen B: saw...has
5. have been working 4 3 . come
been . . . will probably be / is probably going to be
6. (have been) going 4 4 . point
6. A: have you worn / have you been wearing B: was
7. wrote 4 5 . tell
A: Are you
8. was going 46. try
7. A: Do you like B: have never eaten B: love
9. (was) studying buy
A: is . . . have gone B: have never been . . . will
10. have happened 48. don't agonize
be / is going to be . . . get
I l. were 4 9 . have learned
8. A: Do you smoke A: have you been smoking / have
12. lost 5 0 . don't want
you smoked B: I have been smoking / have smoked
13. messed need
. . . was . . . have been smoking / have smoked
14. got 5 2 . will prepare / is going to
A: did you start B: was A: Do you want
15. showed prepare
B: plan / am planning. . . have decided. . . intend/
16. refused 5 3 . have decided
am intending A: will feel / are going to feel . . .
17. felt 5 4 . am working
stop / have stopped
18. told 5 5 . (am) going
B: Have you ever smoked A: have never smoked
19. started 5 6 . have always wanted
. . . w a s . . . s m o k e d . .s. t o l e . . . w e n t . .s. o r . . .
20. have been working /
have not had
have worked 5 8 . have
21. isn't/hasn'tbeen 5 9 . lost
22. isn'Vhasn't been 6 0 . made
E X E R C I3S1E, p . 1 0 7 . 23. fetch 6 1 . have been
2. I have wanted to learn English since I was a child. 24. have met 6 2 . are
3. Our class has had three tests since the beginning of 25. started 6 3 . am really enioying
the term. 26. came 64. will continue / am going
4. I have- started the English classes-sinee- three weeks 27. wanted to continue
ago, and I have learned some English since that time. 28. brought 6 5 . will study / am going to
5. . . .,but I still haven't found a good way. 29. put study
6. All of us have learned many things since we were 30. was walking 6 6 . will pursue / am going to
children. 3l. pulled pursue
7. . . . Since then I haven't talked to her. (oR: After 32. started 6 7 . have told
that, I didn't talk to her for three days.) 33. looked 6 8 . have grown
8. Since I was very young, I have liked animals. 34. satd 6 9 . understand
9. I have been studying English for three and a half 35. do you like 7 0 . made (also possible: },as
months. 36. twitched made)
10. I like English very much. When I was young, my 37. said I L believe
father . . . but when I moved to another city, my 38. turned 7 2 . am finally taking (on:
father didn't find one for five vears. 39. said have finally taken)

ANSWER
KEY473
 35, p. I 14.
EXERCISE 4, p.123.
EXERCISE
'Where
3. a. lst 6. a. 2r'd l. Does she live there? does she live?
b. 2nd b. lst 2. Do the students live there? Where do the students
4. a. 2nd 7. a. lst live?
b. lst b. 2nd 3. Did Bob live there? Where did Bob live?
5. a. lst 8. a. 2nd 4. Is Mary living there? Where is Mary living?
b. 2nd b. lst 5. S(/ereyou living there? \(/here were you living?
6. Are they going to live there? Where are they going to
live?
E X E R C I3S6E, p . I 1 5 .
7. Will John live there? \Where will John live?
3. have already slept 7. have already seen
8. Can the students live there? Where can the students
4. had already slept 8. had already seen
live?
5. have already met 9. have made
9. Has Jim lived there? rWhere has Jim lived?
6. had already met 10. had made
10. Has Tom been living there? ri(/here has Tom been
living?
E X E R C I3S7E, p . 1 1 6 .
2.4 6 .A 5, p.124.
EXERCISE
3 .A 7.8 2. \(rhere do your children go to school?
4.8 8.B 3. !(rhat timeN(/hen does class begin?
5 . 8 4. lilrhen did you meet the Smiths?
5. 'Why is the cat staring at the hole in the wall?
E X E R C I3S8E, p . I 1 7 .
.|26.
2. have never been 7. Hasn't he come 8, p.
EXERCISE
3. had already heard 8. had never been 3. Who knocked on the door? (S)
4. was still snowing 9. was wearing . . . had never 4. Who(m) did Sara meet? (O)
5. had passed worn . . . hasn't worn 5. Iilhat did Mike learn? (O)
6. were making 6. \U7hatchanged Ann's mind? (S)
7. \(rho(m) is Ann talking about? (O)
.|7.
39, p. I
EXERCISE [on: About whom is Ann talking? (O)]
l.c 5.c 8.D
2. 8 6. C 9 .B 9, p.126.
EXERCISE
3.D 7.4 l0.B 2. What did Mary see?
4.A 3. Who saw an accident?
4. \ilho(m) did Mary see?
5. \7ho saw John?
E X E R C I4S0E, p . I 1 8 .
6. What happened?
1. D 5. C 8 .A
7. $(rhat did Alice buy?
2. C 6. C 9 .D
8. Who bought a new coat?
3.D 7.C l0.B \07hat are you looking at?
9.
4.D
(aery formal: At what are you looking?)
10. $fho(m) are you looking at?
(aery formal: At whom are you looking?)
Chapter 5: ASKING QUESTIONS I l. !7ho(m) did you talk to?
(verg formal:To whom did you talk?)
2, p. 121.
EXERCISE 12. What didTom talk about?
2. Does aspirin relieve pain? . . . it does. (aery formal: About what did Tom talk?)
3. Do snakeshave legs? . . . they don't. 13. What did the teacher look at?
4. Can snakes move backward? . . . they can't. (aery formal: At what did the teacher look?)
5. Is the United States in North America? . . . it is. 14. Who looked at the board?
6. Did you enjoy the movie? . . . I did. 15. rilfho(m) did the teacher look at?
7. \7i11you be at home tonight? . . . I won't. (oery formal: At whom did the teacher look?)
8. D o y o u h a v e a b i c y c l e ?. . . I d o . 16. What is a frog?
9. Has Paul left? . . . he has. 17. \Vhat is an amphibian?
10. Did he leave with Kate? . . . he did. 18. I7hat do froes eat?

474 Rruswep
rev
E X E R C I1S1E,p . 1 2 8 . 7. !7hat didTony get?
1. li7here's 8. "Wrhere'd" 8. ![hat countries /rifhich countries did you visit? . . .
2. Vhat's 9. "Vhat'd" u7hich country /!ilhich one /Which did you enioy
3. "\(/try's" "![hyd" visiting the most?
10.
4. \Xrho's 11. "!fho'd"
5. "$/ho're" 12. "\0here'll"
6. "\7here're" "\(/hen'll" 20, p. 136.
EXERCISE
13.
"\(/hat're" "\(rho'll" 3. Whose notebook is 7. lVhose coat is
7. 14.
4. \X/hose tapes are 8. \Xtro is
.l3, 5. Who is 9. S(4rois
EXERCISE p. 129. 6. ${rhoseclothes are 10. Whose hair is
l. !/hat does essentialmean?
2. !(rhatdoes/oar mean?
3. What doesmadmean? E X E R C I2S4E, p . 1 3 9 .
4. \[hat does 6ury mean? 2. How important is education?
5. $fhat does beneath mean? 3. How do you get to school?
6. !flhatdoes grabbed rr'ean? 4. How deep is the ocean?
7. !7hat is at orchard? /$(/hat does orchard mean? 5. How are you going to get to Denver?
8. l0fhatis a honeymoon?I'X/}:'at does honeymoonmean? 6. How difficult was the test?
9. !7hat ts small talk? lWhat does small talk mean? 7. How high is Mr. Everest?
10. lfhat are hedges?/What does hedgesmean? 8. How did you get to school today?

E X E R C I1S4E, p . 1 3 0 . E X E R C I2S6E, p . 1 4 1 .
2. What did you do 2. How far is it from Montreal to Quebec?
3. !7hat are you going to do 3. How far is it to the post office?
4. lVhat do you want to do
4. How far did you get . . . ?
5. \What would you like to do
6. $(/hat are you planning to do
7. \What do you do 28, p.142.
EXERCISE
8. What do you do 2. It takes me twenty minutes to walk to class.
9. \fhat did the police offrcer do 3. It took Gino an hour and a half to finish the test.
10. !(rhat does a bear do 4. It will take us forty-five minures to drive to the
1 1. \[hat should l do airport.
12. !7hat does Mr. Rice do . . .\Wrhatdoes Mrs. Rice do 5. It took Alan two weeks ro hitchhike to Alaska,
6. It takes me two hours to wash mv clothes at the
laundromat.
E X E R C I1S6E, p . 1 3 2 .
3. music . . . classicaVjazzletc.
4. car .. . Ford,Toyota/etc. 30, p. 142.
EXERCISE
5. books . . . novels/nonfiction/etc. 2. How long will Mr. McNally be in the hospital?
6.-8. Free response. 3. How long does it take to learn a second language?
4. How long have you been living here?
18, p. 134.
EXERCISE 5. How long did you live in Istanbul?
3. Which 6. How long have you known Nho Pham?
4. Vhat 7. How long has he been living in Canada?
5. !(rhat 8. How long does a person have to do something
6. which...which consistently before it becomes a habit?

E X E R C I1S9E, p . 1 3 4 . 35, p . 1 4 4 .
EXERCISE
3. $(&ich pen /$7hich one i lfhich would you like? 2. How long 8. How fast
4. !(rhat did Chris borrow from you? 3. How far 9. How many
5. What do you have in your hand? 4. How many 10. How
\X/trich piece of candy /$7hich one i \ilflhich would 5. How often 11. How hear,y
you like? 6. How far 12.How...How
6. I(rhich tie /!7hich one /Which are you going to buy? 7. How many

ANSWER
KEY475
E X E R C I3S7E, p . 1 4 6 . 1
Libraries keep books on shelves.
Expectedcompktions: 8 . Parents support their children.
2. S?hich one are you 9. How far is it? 9 . Indonesia has several active volcanoes/s.
going to 10. How did you 1 0 . Baboons are big monkeys. They have large heads
3. Did you go to the 11. How long did (does) and sharp teeth. They eat leaves, roots, insects, and
game it take you to eggs.
4. Did you go (to it) 12. What time does the game
5. Did you go 13. How often do you go
6. ri(/ho went 14. Why do you like to go 4, p. 159.
EXERCISE
7. Who(m) did you go 15. !(4rat do you do 2. libraries 12. flashes 22. butterflies
8. Can you walk 3. children 13. tomatoes 23. categories
4. leaves 14. teet 24. mosquitoes/
45, p. 152.
EXERCISE 5. wishes 15. halves mosquitos
2. didn't he . . .Yes,he did. 6. fish 16. taxes 25. sheep
3. wasn't he . . .Yes, he was. 7. opinions 17. possibilities 26. wolves
4. won't she . . .Yes, she will. 8. mice 18. thieves 27. stitches
5. can't you . . .Yes, I can. 9. sandwiches 19. heroes 28. feet
6. did he/she . . . No, he/she didn't. 10. men 20. geese 29. pianos
7. have you . . .No, I/we haven't. ll. women 2 1 . attorneys 30. beliefs
8. don't they . . .Yes, they do.

46, p . r 53 .
EXERCISE 5, p. 160.
EXERCISE
S V o
2. can't they 9. shouldn't you
3. Cows eat grass.
3. doesn't he 10. won't she
4. My dog barked.
4. is he I 1. did you
5. The dog chased the cat.
5. wouldn't you 12. isn't it
6. Steam rises.
6. doesn't she 13. isn't it
7. Accidents happen.
7. hasn't she 14. aren't they
8. Most birds build nests,
8. doesn't she 15. isn't it . . . can't they
9. Our guests arrived.
10. Teachers assigrr homework.
Chapter 6: NOLINS AND PRONOUNS I l. My roommate opened the window.
12. Jack raised his hand.
E X E R C IIS, Ep . 1 5 6 . 13. Irene is watching her sister's children.
5. noun ll. noun
6. noun 12. adjective
.|60.
7. adjective 13. preposition 6, p.
EXERCISE
8. preposition 14. noun 3. n. 7. n. n.
9. noun 15. pronoun 4. v. 8. v.
10. adiective 5. v. 9. v.
6. n. 10. n. n.
E X E R C I2S,Ep . 1 5 7 .
3. lzl 9. lzl 15. tez/
4. /zl 10. lzl 16. /ez/ 8, p. 162.
EXERCISE
5. lsl 11. /s/ 17. /ozl PREP + o ofPngp
2. Sara looked at the pictures.
6. lzl 12. lazl 18. Iez/
7. lsl 13. lezl 19. /ez/ S V PREP + o ofpnnp
8. lzl 14. lazl 3. Emily waited for her friend
PREP + O OfPREP
at a restaurant.
E X E R C I3S,Ep . 1 5 7 .
S V PREP + o ofpnrp
2. Boxes have six sides. 4. The sun rises in the east.
3. Big cities have many problems.
S V O PREP + o ofPREP
4. Bananas grow in hot, humid areas. 5. Sue lost her ring in the sand
5. Insects don't have noses. PREP + o ofpnep
6. Lambs are the offsoring of sheeo. at the beach.

476 Rruswen
rev
 S V 8. (There) are : V five students : S
6. The moon usually disappears 9. There'g : ! apartment : S (no error)
PREP oofpnsp PREP + oofpnep
from view during the day.
10. Do -e+ : auxV people: g like : V
11. The oeople= S $gakt : V
s v PREP + oofpnnp 12. (There)are :V kinds : S
7. Eric talked to his friend
13. Theneighbors:S +- are:V
PREP + oofpnsP PREP + oofpnnp
on the phone for thirty minutes. 14. (Every) student/ : S *ave- has : V
S PREP + oofpnrP v
8. Children throughout the world play 14, p, 166.
EXERCISE
PREP + o ofpnnp 2. dry 7. Sensible. . . comfortable
with dolls. 3. big 8. soapy
S V P R E P + o ofpnep 4. sharp 9. local... stolen... illegal
9. Astronauts walked on the moon 5. Dark...small 10. primitive...wild
PREP + o ofPnpp 6. funny
in 1969.

s PREP + o ofpnrp v 15, p, 167.

EXERCISE
10. A woman in a blue suit sat Expectedsentences:
PREP + oofpnrP pREp oofpngp
l. Red roses are beautiful flowers.
beside me until the end
2. Cold rain fell from the dark clouds.
PREP + o ofpnEp
of the meeting. 3. The waiter poured hot coffee into my empty cup.
4. The young girl in the blue dress was looking for a
telephone.
10, p. 163.
EXERCISE 5. Annie sleepson a soft bed in a quiet room.
2. tn f. in 16. on 6. Mrs. Fox gave the hungry children some fresh fruit.
3. in 10. at 17. on 7. After we finished our delicious dinner, Frank helped
4. At 11. at 18. in me with the dirty dishes.
5. at 12. at 19.in...In 8. WhenTom was getting a haircut, the inexperienced
6. at 13. in 20. On. . . On barber accidentally cutTom's right ear with the
7. in 14. in 21. On scissors.
8. in 15. in 22. at
17, p. 168.
EXERCISE
2. vegetablegarden 7. automobile factory
1 1 ,p . 1 6 4 .
EXERCISE 3. television program 8. history lesson
f. in 5. on f. in 4. bean soup 9. mountain villages
2. at 6. in 10. at 5. vacationplans 10. flagpoles
3. in 7. on 11. on 6. newspaper articles
4. in 8. in 12. at. . . in
18, p. 169.
EXERCISE
3. Airplanes 6. languages
E X E R C I1S2E, p . 1 6 4 . 4. (no change) 7. Bicycles . . . Automobiles
l. Alex works at his uncle's bakery on Saturday 5. (no change) 8. (no change)
mornings. (on: On Saturday mornings, Alex . . . . )
2. I often take a walk in the park in the evening. (oR: 19, p. 169.
EXERCISE
Intheevening,I....) 2. There are around 8,600 kinds of birds in the world.
3. My plane arrived at the airport at six-thirry in the 3. Birds hatch from eggs. Baby birds stay in their nesrs
morning. (on: At six-thirty in the morning, my for several weeks or months. Their parents feed
plane....) them until they can fly.
4. People eat chicken eggs. Some animals ear bird eggs.
5. Foxes and snakes are natural enemies ofbirds.
E X E R C I 1S3E, p . 1 6 5 . They eat birds and their eggs.
3. My mother : S speaks : V 6. Some birds eat only seeds and plants. Other birds
4. My aunt and uncle : S speak : Y (no error) eat mainly insects and earthworms.
5. Oscar : S speaks : Y (no error) 7. \feeds are unwanted plants. They prevent farm crops
6. The students : S speak/ : V or garden flowers from growing properly. Birds help
7. Every studentFl: $ soeaks : V farmers by eating weed seeds and harmful insects.

ANSWER
KEY 477
 8. Rats, rabbits, and mice can cause huge losses on E X E R C I2S4E, p . 1 7 4 .
farms by eating stored crops. Certain big birds like 3. Babies' 9. earth's
hawks help farmers by hunting these animals. 4. baby's 10. Mosquitoes'
9. The feathers of certain kinds of birds are used in 5. caller's I l. mosquito's
pillows and mattresses. The soft feathers from geese 6. receptionist's.. . callers' 12. animals'
are often used for pillows and quilts. Goose feathers 7. yesterday's.. . today's 13. animal's
are also used in winter jackets. 8. The pilots'
10. The wing feathers from geese were used as pens
from the sixth century to the nineteenth century,
E X E R C I2S5E, p . 1 7 5 .
when steel pens were invented.
3. leaves Children's toys
4. mother's actorst names
20, p. I70.
EXERCISE 5. Potatoes Teachers...people's
( l ) \ f l h a l e s . . . f i s h . . . f i s h . . . m a m m a l s . . .M i c e . . .
6. birds...reeth . . . ideas
tigers 7. Tom's monkeys. . . thumbs
(2) b e i n g s . . . e x a m p l e s . . .m a m m a l s . . . r W h a l e s . .. 8. thieves...Mr.Lee's ...hands...feet...
animals 9. Mountains. . . valleys thumbs...hands
(3) dogs . . . chimpanzees . . . seas,oceans . . . rivers, 10. child's
whales
(4) f i s h . . . F i s h . . . e g g s . . . o f f s p r i n g . . . M a m m a l s
E X E R C I2S6E, p . 1 7 7 .
. . . birth
(5) offspring 2. his
(6) kinds . . . whales . . . whales. . . creatures 3. their
(7) whales . . . whales. . . feet. . . meters. . . length 4 . m y . . . y o u r s . . .m i n e . . . Y o u r s .. . y o u r
(8) tons . . . kilograms. . . whales . . . elephants 5. its...its
(e)dinosaurs . . . heart. . . whale 6. It's
( 1 0 ) size . . . car. . . vessel. . . aorta 7. Hers
( 1 1 )person 8. her
(r2) beings . . . whales. . . times 9. your. . .
( 1 3 ) people . . . whales . . . enemies. . . people 10. a. They
(r4) h u n t i n e . . . w h a l e s b. Their
c. Our...theirs
d. They're .. . there. . . they're . . . their
21, p. 172.
EXERCISE I l. mine
2, me 7. me. . . us . . .\07e 12. yours
3. | 8. them . . .They are
4. I 9. She...me E X E R C I2S8E, p . 1 7 9 .
5. it 1 0 .m e . . . H e . . . I
2. himself 7. yourselves
6. them
3. yourself (also possible:yourselves) 8. yourself
. . . themselves 9. myself
E X E R C I2S2E, p . 1 7 2 . 4. ourselves 10. itself
3. They...her 5. herself 1 l. themselves
4.it...it...him...he 6. himself 12. myself
). lt
6. they...them...they E X E R C I2S9E, p . 1 7 9 .
7. them...they
2. will cut yourself
8. it
3. introduced myself
f. it...It
4. was talking to himself
10.them... They... They...them
5. work for ourselves
6. taught themselves
23, p . 1 7 4 .
EXERCISE 7. killed himself
3. daughter's 8. women's 13. teachers' 8. wished myself
4. daughters' 9. people's 14. teacher's f. is taking care ofherself
5. man's 10. person's 15. enemy's 10. believe in ourselves
6. womants 11. earth's 16. enemies' I l. felt sorry for myself
7. men's 12. elephant's 17. Chris's on Chris' 12. help themselves

478 nruswen
rey
 S V 8. (There) are : V five students : S
6. The moon usually disappears 9. There'g : V aDartment: S (no error)
PREP o of pnep PREP + o of pnr,p 10. Do -e+ : auxV oeoole: S like : V
from view during the day.
I 1. The peoole: $ speakfl= V
s v PR-EP + oofpngp 12. (There)are : V kinds : S
7. Eric talked to his friend
13. The neighbors= S js arc : V
PREP + oofpnnp PREP + oofpnnp
on the phone for thirty minutes. 14. (Every) student/ : S +ave- has : V
s PREP + oofpnrP v
14, p. 166.
EXERCISE
8. Children throughout the world play
PR-EP + o ofpnrp 2. dry 7. Sensible . . . comfortable
with dolls. 3. big 8. soapy
s v PREP + oofpnnp 4. sharp 9. local... stolen... illegal
9. Astronauts walked on the moon 5. Dark...small 10. primitive...wild
PREP + o ofpnnp 6. funny
in 1969.
s PREP + o ofpnsP v E X E R C I1S5E, p . 1 6 7 .
10. A woman in a blue suit sat Expectedsentences:
PR-EP + o of pnsP PREP o of pngp l. Red roses are beautiful flowers.
beside me until the end
2. Cold rain fell from the dark clouds.
PREP + o ofpnnp
of the meeting. 3. The waiter poured hot coffee into my empty cup.
4. The young girl in the blue dress was looking for a
telephone.
10, p. 163.
EXERCISE 5. Annie sleepson a soft bed in a quiet room.
2. tn f. in 16. on 6. Mrs. Fox gave the hungry children some fresh fruit.
3. in 10. at 17. on 7. After we finished our delicious dinner, Frank helped
4. At 11. at 18. in me with the dirty dishes.
5. at 12. at 19. in...In 8. \WhenTom was getting a haircut, the inexperienced
6. at 13. in 20. On. . . On barber accidentally cutTom's right ear with the
7. in 14. in 21. On scissors.
8. in 15. in 22. at .|7,
EXERCISE p. 168.
2. vegetable garden 7. automobile factory
E X E R C IISl ,E p . 1 6 4 . 3. television program 8. history lesson
l. in 5. on f. in 4. bean soup 9. mountain villages
2. at 6. in 10. at 5. vacationplans 10. flagpoles
3. in 7. on 11. on 6. newspaper articles
4.in 8.in 12.at...in
18, p. 169.
EXERCISE
3. Airplanes 6. languages
E X E R C I1S2E, p . 1 6 4 . 4. (no change) 7. Bicycles . . . Automobiles
l. Alex works at his uncle's bakery on Saturday 5. (no change) 8. (no change)
mornings. (on: On Saturday mornings, Alex . . . . )
2. I often take a walk in the park in the evening. (oR: 19, p. 169.
EXERCISE
Intheevening,I....) 2. There are around 8,600 kinds of birds in the world.
3. My plane arrived at the airport at six-thirry in the 3. Birds hatch from eggs. Baby birds stay in their nests
morning. (on: At six-thirty in the morning, my for several weeks or months. Their parents feed
plane....) them until they can fly.
4. People eat chicken eggs. Some animals eat bird eggs.
5. Foxes and snakes are natural enemies ofbirds.
E X E R C I1S3E, p . 1 6 5 . They eat birds and their eggs.
3. My mother : S soeaks : V 6. Some birds eat only seeds and plants. Other birds
4. My aunt and uncle : S speak : Y (no error) eat mainly insects and earthworms.
5. Oscar : S speaks : Y (no error) 7. I7eeds are unwanted plants. They prevent farm crops
6. The students : S speak/ : Y or garden flowers from growing properly. Birds help
7. Every student/ : S speaks = V farmers by eating weed seeds and harmful insects.

KEY 477
ANSWER
 8 . Rats, rabbits, and mice can cause huge losses on E X E R C I2S4E, p . 1 7 4 .
farms by eating stored crops. Certain big birds like 3. Babies' 9. earth's
hawks help farmers by hunting these animals. 4. baby's 10. Mosquitoes'
9 . The feathers of certain kinds of birds are used in 5. caller's I l. mosquito's
pillows and mattresses. The soft feathers from geese 6. receptionist's.. . callers' 12. animals'
are often used for pillows and quilts. Goose feathers 7. yesterday's. . . today's 13. animal's
are also used in winter iackets. 8. The pilots'
1 0 . The wing feathers from geese were used as pens
from the sixth century to the nineteenth century, E X E R C I2S5E, p . 1 7 5 ,
when steel Dens were invented.
3. leaves Children's toys
4. mother's actorst names
E X E R C I2S0E, p . 1 7 4 . 5. Potatoes Teachers...people's
( l ) S 7 h a l e s . . . f i s h . . . h s h . . . m a m m a l s .M . .i c e . . . 6. birds...teeth . . . ideas
tigers 7. Tom's monkeys...thumbs
( 2 ) b e i n g s . . . e x a m p l e s .. . m a m m a l s . . . W h a l e s . . . 8. thieves...Mr.Lee's ...hands...feet...
animals 9. Mountains . . . valleys thumbs...hands
(3) dogs . . . chimpanzees. . . seas,oceans. . . rivers, 10. child's
whales
(4) f i s h . . . F i s h . . . e g g s . . . o f f s p r i n g . . . M a m m a l s E X E R C I2S6E, p . 1 7 7 .
. . . birth
2. his
(5) offspring
3. their
(6) kinds. . . whales. . . whales. . . creatures
4 . m y . . . y o u r s . . . m i n e . . . Y o u r s. . . y o u r
(7) whales . . . whales. . . feet. . . meters. . . length
5. its...its
(8) tons . . . kilograms. . . whales .. . elephants
6. It's
ra) dinosaurs. . . heart. . . whale
7. Hers
( 1 0 ) size . . . car. . . vessel . . . aorta
8. her
( 1 1 )person
9 . y o u r .. .
(r2) beings. . . whales. . . times 10. a. They
( 1 3 ) people . . . whales . . . enemies. . . people
b. Their
(14) hunting...whales
c. Our...theirs
d . T h e y ' r e . . . t h e r e . . . t h e y ' r e . .. t h e i r
21, p. 172.
EXERCISE I 1. mine
2. me 7.me...us...We 12. yours
3.r 8. them. . .They are
4.r 9 . S h e. . . m e 28,
EXERCISE
f. lt 1 0 .m e . . . H e . . . I 2. himself 7. yourselves
6. them 3. yourself (alsopossible:yourselves) 8. yourself
. . . themselves 9. myself
E X E R C I2S2E, p . 1 7 2 . 4. ourselves 10. itself
3. They...her 5. herself I 1. themselves
4. it...it...him...he 6. himself 12. myself
5. it
6. they...them...they E X E R C I2S9E, p . 1 7 9 .
7. them...they 2. will cut yourself
8. it 3. introduced myself
f. it...It 4. was talking to himself
10. them... They... They.. . them 5. work for ourselves
6. taught themselves
23, p . 1 7 4 .
EXERCISE 7. killed himself
3. daughter's 8. woments 13. teachers' 8. wished myself
4. daughters' 9. people's 14. teacher's f. is taking care ofherself
5. man's 10. person's 15. enemy's 10. believe in ourselves
6. womants 1l. earth's 16. enemies' I 1. felt sorry for myself
7. ments 12. elephant's 17. Chris's oR Chris' 12. help themselves

rev
478 nruswrn
E X E R C I3S1E, p . 1 8 2 . Chapter 7: MODAL AUXILIARIES
2. a. Another 5. A n o t h e r . . . A n o t h e r . . .
b. The other Another. . .The other I, p . 1 8 9 .
EXERCISE
3. a. Another 6. another 3.4 7 .a 10. to
b. Another 7. the other 4. to 8. a tr . a
c. Another 8. the other 5.4 9 .a n.a
d. another 9 Another 6.4
4. The other
2, p . 1 9 0 ,
EXERCISE
33, p. 184,
EXERCISE J. V) O. to 9.O
2. other I l. The others 4. O 7. a 10. to
3. The others 12. a. Other 5.4 8 . to rr. a
4. The other b. Others
5. The other c. Others 3, p. l9l.
EXERCISE
6. The others d. Other 1. Can you +e help
7. The others 13. The other . . .The others 2. I must study for
8. The other 14. Others 3. \Wecouldn't go to
9. Other...others 15. other. . , others. .. the 4. I -a* have to improve
10. The other other...other 5. You shouldn't -te spend
6. Mymother can't speak.. . speak. . . languages.

34, p. 186,
EXERCISE
2. the other 7. another...others 4, p. I9l.
EXERCISE
3. Others 8. another 2. can't...can
4. Other 9. The other 3. can...can't
5. O t h e r s . . .o t h e r . . . o t h e r 10. The others 4. can. . . can't
6. The other I l. Other 5. can...can't
6. can't...can

36, p. 187.
EXERCISE 8, p. I94.
EXERCISE
2. Ihad some black bean soup for lunch. It was very
4. may/might (possibility)
good.
5. can't (ability)
3. The highways in my country are excellent.
6. may/can (permission)
4. . . . They're teachers.
7. can't (ability) . . . Can (ability) . . . may/might
5. Today many women are miners, pilots, and (possibil'ity)
doctors.
8 . may not (cannot) (permission)
. . . may (can)
6. My wife likes all kinds of flowers. (permission)
7. lfe often read stories in class and try to understand
9 . may/might (possibility)
all the new words. I can't remember all of them.
8. There are two pools at the park. One is for
children. The other is for adults only. 9, p. 195.
EXERCISE
9. My brother has an apple tree orchard. 3. could be : may/mightbe (presenttime)
10. The windows in our classroom are dirry. 4. could swim = were able to swim (past time)
I 1. . . . I heard some other important news this 5. could be : may/mightbe (presenttime)
morning. 6. could arrive : may/might arrive (future time)
12. The population of my hometown in 1975 was about 7. could iump = was able to iump (pan dme)
50,000. Today it is more than 150,000.
13. . . .It's in a bad neighborhood. There is trash on 13, p. I97.
EXERCISE
both sides of the street. I'm going to move to 1. MayiCould I speak (possiblytoo informal: Can I talk)
another neighborhood. 2. May/Could I speak (roo informal: Can I talk)
14. All people need an education / Every person needs 3. Can I talk (ako possible:MaylCould I talVspeak)
. . . . people can improve their lives. 4. May/Could/Can I help
15. When Alice was a child, she lived in . . . Today it is 5. May/Could/Can I speak. . . May/Could I take
a very big city with many buildings and large 6. May/Could/Can I speak. . . May/Could I leave
highways. 7. May/Could/Can I speak

KEY 479
ANSWER
 15, p. 200.
EXERCISE 3. He must be married.
Possiblepolite questions: 4. He must be cold.
2. I7ould/Could/Will/Can you answer the phone for me? 5. He must have mice in his apartment.
3. \i7ould/CouldAVill/Can you turn it down? 6. He must be hot.
4. ti7ould/Could/WilVCan you please rurn the volume up? 7. She must like to watch movies.
5. WouldiCouldAVilliCan you please pick some up? 8. She must be smart. / She must studv a lot,
6. $flould/CouldAVill/Can you please say that again? 9. He must be strong.
7. ttrTould/CouldAVill/Can you please tell me where the
nearest post offrce is? E X E R C I2S9E, p . 2 1 1 .
3. must 7. must
E X E R C I1S7E, p . 2 0 2 . 4. must not 8. must not
Possible responses: 5. must 9. must
1. Maybe you should / ought to eat a sandwich. 6. must not
2. You should / ought to put your coat on.
3. You should / ought to / had better see a dentist. E X E R C I3S6E, p . 2 1 5 .
4. You should / ought to drink a glass ofwater. / You Possiblesuggestions:
should hold your breath. l. Why don't you have a glass of water?
5. You should / ought to go back to the restaurant and 2. rJ7hy don't you take a nap?
ask about them. 3. \(rhy don't you see a dentist?
6. Maybe you should / ought to open the windows. 4. !7hy don't you open a window?
7. You should i ought to take an aspirin. 5. \7hy don't you take geology?
8. You should / ought to call the police. 6. \7hy don't you give her a book?
9. You should / ought to take them back to the srore.
10. You should / ought to use a dictionary when you write. E X E R C I3S7E, p . 2 1 6 .
.|8, l. B: Why don't you have a strong cup of tea?
EXERCISE p.203. 2, A: Let's rent a video.
2. If you don't change clothes, you'll make a bad 3. B: Why don't you put on a sweater?
impression. 4. B: Why don't we go to (name of a local place)?
3. If I don't call the credit card company, I'll be held A: Let's go to (name of a local place) instead.
responsible for charges someone else makes on my 5. B: Why don't you take some aspirin?
card. B: Then why don't you lie down and rest?
4. If you don't put ice on it, it will swell. 6. A: Vhy don't we go dancing tonight?
5. Someone might steal it if you don't lock it. A: Then why don't we go to a movie?
A: \7ell then, let's go to a restauranr for dinner.
E X E R C I2S0E, p . 2 O 4 .
2. Anna shouldn't wear shorts 40, p.219.
EXERCISE
3. I should -t+ go to the post office today. 4. to 7. to 10. than
4. I ought to pay my bills today. 5. than 8. than ll. to
5. You'd $ed better +e call 6. than 9. than 12. than
6. You denlt shouldn't stay up
7. You'd -te better not leave your key 43, p.220.
EXERCISE
8. . . . He ought to find a new apartment.
l.c 8.B 15.B
2 . 4 9.C 16.B
26, p.2O8.
EXERCISE 3 . A 10.B 17.A
3. doesn't have to 9. don't have to 4 . 8 1 1 .B 1 8 .C
4. must not 10. must not 5 . C 1 2 .A 1 9 .A
5. doesn't have to I 1. don't have to 6 . 8 13. C 20. C
6. must not 12. must not . . . don't have to 7 . C 14.A 21. A
7. must not . . . must not
8. don't have to 44, p.223.
EXERCISE
Possiblecompletions:
E X E R C I2S8E, p . 2 1 1 . 3. \07ould
Possibleconclusions: 4. must not
l. She must be happy. 5. Did
2. She must have a cold. 6. May (CouldiCan) . . . Could (\7ould/Can)

480 ANSWER
KEY
 7. CouldftrTould...is 5, The man asked a question. The woman answered
8. should I ought to / had better it.
9. are...am 6. The man asked a question, and the woman
10. has to / must / hasgot to answered it.
11. Don't "7
(no change)
12. arc... Do... CouldMould 8 . Rome is an Italian ciry. It has a mild climate and
13. May/Could...must many interesting attractions.
14. Is 9 . You should visit Rome. Its climate is mild, and
15. must/should. . . . cannoVwillnot there are many interesting attractions.
1 0 . The United States is bounded by two oceans and
two countries. The oceans are the Pacific to the
Chapter 8: CONNECTING IDEAS
west and the Atlantic to the east, and the
countries are Canada to the north and Mexico to
1, p.225.
EXERCISE the south.
Expectedcorrections: l l . The twenty-five most common words in English are:
3. Ants, butterfliesr cockroachesr beese and flies are thee andl a, m, of, I, ine wase that, it, he1youe Jor,
insects. hadl is7 with, she, hase one at, haae, butl me1 mye
4. Butterflies and bees are insects. Spiders are and not.
different from insects.
5. Spiders have eight legs, so they are not called
insects. 5, p.228.
EXERCISE
6. Most insects have wings, but spiders do not.
4. 1 but 8. ; but
7. Bees are valuable to us. They pollinate crops and
5. but 9. or
provide us with honey.
6. I and 10. , or
8. (no change)
7. and
9. Insects can cause us trouble. They bite usl carr!
diseasesrand eat our food.
10. Insects are essentialto life on earth. The plants and
6, p.229.
EXERCISE
animals on earth could not live without them.
2. Cats are mammalse but turtles are reptiles.
Insects may bother usl but we have to share this
3. Cows and horses are farm animals, but zebras and
planet with them.
giraffes are wild animals.
ll. (no change)
4 . Cows and horses are farm animals. Zebras,
12. Because insects are necessaryto life on earth; it is
giraffesl and lions are wild animals.
important to know about them.
5 . Cars use roads. Trains run on tracks.
6 . Cars, buses, and trucks use roads, but trains run on
2, p.226.
EXERCISE tracks.
,7
3. wide and deep : adj + adj (no commas) Most vegetables grow above the ground, but some
4. widel deepr and dangerous = adj + adj + adj are roots and grow under the ground. Co.tr,
5. Goats and horses : noun + noun (no commas) beans, and cabbage grow above the groundl but
6. Giraffes. anteaters. tieers. and kansaroos = noun I carrots and onions grow under the ground.
noun -r noun t noun 8. (no change)
7. olayed gamesr sane songsr and ate birthday cake : 9. Nothing in nature stays the same forever. Today's
aerb*aerb*aerb landr seaeclimate, plants, and animals are all part
8, plaved games and sang songs = zterb* oerb (no ofa relentlessprocess ofchange continuing through
commas) millions of years.
9. mother, father, and ggndfathg! = noun * noun * 10. Mozart was a great composer, but he had a short
noun and diffrcuh life. At the end of his life, he was
. . . brother and sister = noun * noun (no commas) penniless, sick, and unable to find work, but he
10. moos like a cow. roars like a lion. and barks like a wrote music of lasting beauty and joy.
dog=o"6*tterblverb

7, p.230.
EXERCISE
4, p.227.
EXERCISE 3. so 7. so
3. I talked. fle fistened. 4. but 8. but
4. I talked to Ryan about his school gradesl and he 5. so 9. but
listened to me carefully. 6. but 10. so

ANSWER
KEY48I
 8, p. 231.
EXERCISE 12, p.234.
EXERCISE
l. African elephants are larger than Asiatic elephants. 4. are too f. isn't
Elephants native to Asia are easier to train and have 5. aren't either 10. won't either
gentler natures than African elephants. 6. aren't I l. wasn't
2. Asiatic elephants are native to the jungles and forests 7. didn't either 12. is too
in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, 8. does too 13. can
China, and other countries in southeastern and
southern Asia. 13, p.235.
EXERCISE
3. Elephants spend a lot of time in warer and are good l. a. James does too 3. a. Omar is too
swimmers. They take baths in rivers and lakes. b. so does James b. so is Omar
They like to give themselves a shower by shooting 2. a. lvan doesn't either 4. a. James isn't either
water from their trunks. b. neither does Ivan b. neither is James
4. After a bath, they often cover themselves with dirt.
The di.t protects their skin from rhe sun and insecrs.
5. A female elephant is pregnant for approximately
14, p.236.
EXERCISE
2. so does X on X does too
twenty months and almost always has only one baby.
3. neither can X oR X can't either
A yorr.rg elephant stays close to its mother for the
4. neither was X on X wasn't either
first ten years of its life.
5. so did X on X did too
6. Elephants live peacefully together in herds, but some
6. neither does X oR X doesn't either
elephants (called rogues)leave the herd and become
7. so will X on X will too
mern. These elephants usually are in pain from
8. neither is X on X isn't either
decayed teeth, a diseasel or a wound.
9. so does X on X does too
10. so has X on X has too
9, p.232.
EXERCISE
(l) Afewdays. . . to Chicago.
15, p.236.
EXERCISE
(2) We didn't . . . first hour, bur near
2. salt isn't either / neither is salt
(3) . . . highway construction. The traffic . . . at all.
3. cats do too / so do cats
My friend 'We gorillas don't either / neither do gorillas
4.
(4) . . . and waited. talked . . . jobsl our families, 5. the teacher did too / so did the teacher
and...traffic. Slowly
6. the teacher was too / so was the teacher
( 5 ) traffic started to move.
7. I haven't either / neither have I
(6) We . . . of the road. The rieht blinker was
8. penguins can't either / neither can penguins
blinking.
(Z) The driver . . . the line of traffrc. Car after car
(8) . . .get in line. f decided to do a good deed, so I 16, p.237.
EXERCISE
(9) motioned . . . ahead of me. The driver 3. So do I. 7. So did L
(10) . . . thanks to me, and I waved back at him. 4. Neither do I. 8. So should I.
(11) An cars . . . down the road. I held out 5. Neither did I. 9. Neither can I.
(12) . . . to pay my toll, but the tolltaker . . . me on. 6. Neitherhavel. 10. Socanl.
She told me
(13) . . . paid my toll. Wasn't 19, p.239,
EXERCISE
(14) (no change) 2. The children were hungry because there was no food
in the house.
Because there was no food in the house, the children
E X E R C I1S0E, p . 2 3 3 .
were hungry.
3. won't 7. can't
3. Becausethe bridge is closede we can't drive to the
4. don't 8. hasn't
other side ofthe river.
5. does f. is
\tr7ecan't drive to the other side of the river because
6. are 10. doesn't
the bridge is closed.
4. My car didn't srart because the battery was dead.
l l, p. 234.
EXERCISE Because the battery was dead, my car didn't start.
3. is 7. did 5. Larry and Patti laughed hard because the joke was
4. isn't 8. won't very funny.
5. can't 9. doesn't Because the joke was very funny, Larry and Patti
6. does 10. hasn't laughed hard.

482 nruswen
rey
 20, p.24O.
EXERCISE 24, p.242.
EXERCISE
2. Mr. El-Sayed had a bad cold. Because he was not 2. A 7. C
feeling welll he stayed . . . . 3.C 8.C
3. Judy went to bed early because she was tired. She 4.8 9.8
likestoget.... 5.A 10.C
4. Frank put his head in his hands. He was angry and 6.C
upset.. . .
27, p.244.
EXERCISE
21, p.240.
EXERCISE 2. Goldr silverr and copper +hef s1. metals.
2. T}le room was hot, so I opened the window. 3. The students crowded around the bulletin board
3. It was rainingl so I stayed indoors. because their grades were posted there.
4. BecauseJason was hungryr he ate. (on: Jason ate 4. I had a cup of coffee, and so did my friend.
becausehe was hungry.) 5. My roommate didn't go. Neither did I. (on: I
5. Because the water in the river is pollutedr we can't didn't either.)
go swimming. (on: \Wecan't go swimming because 6. Even though I was very exhausted,I didn't stop
the water in the river is polluted.) working until after midnight last night.
6. Because my watch is brokenl I was late for my job 7. The teacher went to the meeting, and two of the
interview. (oR: I was late for my iob interview students did too.
because my watch is broken.) 8. Altheugb I like chocolate, but I can't eat it because
I'm allergic to it. (ox: Although I like chocolate, $u+
22, p.240.
EXERCISE I can't eat it because I'm allergic to it.)
2. Jim was hot and tiredr so he sat in the shade. 9. Many tourists visit my country because it has
3. Jim was hotr tiredr and thirsty. warm weather all year and many interesting
4. Because he was hotr Jim sat in the shade. landmarks.
5. Because they were hot and thirstyr Jim and Susan sat 10. Because the weather. . . all yearr -ss many tourists
in the shade and drank tea. (on: The weather . . . all yearr so many tourists)
6. (no change) I l. . . . breakfastr and everybody else in my family does
7. Jim sat in the shader drank tear and fanned himself too.
becausehe was hotr tiredr and thirsty. 12. A hardware store sells tools, nails, plumbing
8. BecauseJim was hott he stayed under the shade of supplies, paint, -an4 etc.
the tree, but Susan went back to work. 13. . . . in late September; we had to cancel . . . had our
9. Mules are domestic animals. Th.y are the offspring passportsr visas; airplane ticketsr and hotel
"beasts reservations.
of a horse and a donkey. Mules are called
ofburden" because they can work hard and carry 14. . . . stresson our jobs. My job is stressful . . .
healry loads. comfortable. It is noisy, hot, and dirry. Even
10. Because mules are strongr they can work under though I try to do my best, my boss . . . bad
harsh conditionsr but they need proper care. performance reports. I need to find another iob.
1 l. Ann had been looking for an apartment for two 15. I like animals. I have a little dog at home. Her
weeks. Yesterday she went to look at an apartment name is Linda. She is brown and white.
on Fifth Avenue. She rented it becauseit was in
good condition and had a nice view of the city. She 28, p.245.
EXERCISE
was glad to find a new apartment. (l) What is the most common substance on earth? It
12. The word "matter" is a chemical term. Matter is isn't wood, iron, or sand. The most common substance
anything that has weight. This book, your finger, on earth is water. It occupies more than sevenfy percent
water, a rock, air, and the moon are all examples of ofthe earth's surface. It is in lakesl riversl and oceans.
matter. fludio *uu.s and heat are not matter It is in the ground and in the air. It is practicaly
because they do not have weight. flappinessl everyr,vhere.
daydreamsl and fear have no weight and are not (2) \fater is vital because life on earth could not exist
matter. without it. People, animals; and plants all need water
in order to exist. Every living thing is mostly water. A
23, p.242
EXERCISE person's body is abour sixry-sevenpercent *ate.. A bi.d
3. Even though 7. because is about seventy-five percent *"1... Mort fruit is about
4. Because 8. even though ninety percent water.
5. Even though 9. Even though. . . because (3) Most of the water in the world is saltwater.
6. Because Ni.rew-serren Dercent of the water on earth is in the

ANSWER
KEY 483
oceans. Because seawateris salr.vl people cannot drink 4, p.250.
EXERCISE
it or use it to grow plants for food. Only rhree percent Possiblecompletions:
of the earth's water is fresh. Only one percent of the 3. as fast as I can
water in the world is easily available for human use. 4. as sour as a lemon
(4) Even though water is essentialto lifel human beings 5. as wide as a river
often poison it with chemicals from indusrry and 6. as diffrcult as I (had) expecred
'When
agriculture. people foul water with pollution, the 7. as often/much as you can
qualiry of all life-plant life, animal life, and human 8. as (young) as you feel
life-diminishes. Life cannor exist without fresh water, 9. as easy as you might think / as easy as it looks
so it is essentialfor people to take care of this important 10. as long to drive to the airport as it takes to fly to
natural resource. Chicago

Chapter 9: COMPARISONS
E X E R C I5S, Ep , 2 5 1 .
2. a bullian ox 7. a cat
E X E R C I1S,Ep . 2 4 7 . 3. a bird 8. a feather
Expected responses: 4. a mule 9. a kite
2. Rick looks as happv as Jim. 5. a rock 10. a wet hen
Rick and Jim look happier than Mike and David. 6. the hills
David looks sadder than the others.
David looks the saddest of all.
Mike is haooier than David but not as hapoy as Rick 7, p.252.
EXERCISE
or Jim. 2. Alaska is the largest
Jim is the haooiest of the four boys. 3. Texas is -the- larger than France.
(on: Rick looks just about as happy as Jim.) Etc. 4. . . . comfortable than new shoes.
3. Canada is the largest of the four countries. 5. I like Chinese food -me+e- better than French food.
Brazil is almost as large as Canada. 6. A pillow is softer than a rock.
Brazil is larger than Egypt and Spain put rogerher. 7. I am younger than my brother. My sister is the
Spain is the smallest of the four countries. youngest person
Spain is much smaller than Brazil or Canada. Etc.
4. The second question is the hardest of all. 9, p.254.
EXERCISE
The first and fourth questions are the easiest.
2. better, the best
The fourth question is iust as easy as the first
3. lazier, the laziest
question.
4. hotter, the hottest
The third question is harder than the first or fourth
5. neater, the neatest
but easier than the second. Etc.
6. later, the latest
5. C is the best handwriting.
7. happier, the happiest
A is the worst handwriting.
8. more dangerous, the most dangerous
C is better than either A or B.
9. more slowly, the most slowly
A is worse than B. B is worse than C.
10. more common, the most common
A isn't nearly as good as C. Etc.
oR commoner, the commonest
I l. more friendly, the most friendly
E X E R C I2S,Ep . 2 4 9 . oR friendlier, the friendliest
2. not nearly as 5. not nearly as 12. more careful, the most careful
3. just as 6. just as 13. worse, the worst
4. almost as / not quite as 7. almost as / not quite as I 4. farther/further, the farthest/furthest

E X E R C I3S,Ep . 2 4 9 .
10, p.254.
EXERCISE
Expectedcompletions:
2. funnier 6. darker
3. A lake isn't (nearly) as . . . an ocean
3. more dangerous 7. prettier
4. Honey is just as . . . sugar
4. more confusing 8. wetter
5. Money isn't (nearly) as . . . good health
5. cleaner
6. Children usually aren'r as . . . adults
7. A solar system isn't (nearly) as . . . a galaxy
8. People aren't (nearly) as . . . monkeys l l, p. 255.
EXERCISE
9. reading a novel is just as / isn't nearly as . . . listening 3. farther/further 5. farther/further
to music 4. further 6. further

484 Rruswen
rrv
 12, p.256.
EXERCISE E X E R C I2S1E, p . 2 6 1 .
Expected responses: 4. more information 10. more responsibilities
2. A pool is shallower than a lake. 5. happier 11. more responsible
3. An elephant's neck is thicker than a giraffe's neck. 6. more happily 12. quicker
4. Sunlight is brighter than moonlight. 7. more happiness 13. more salt
5. Iron is heavier than wood. 8. more mistakes 14. more doctors
6. $Talking is easier / more relaxing / more enjoyable 9. more responsibly
than running.
7. A river is wider and deeper than a stream. 22, p.262.
EXERCISE
8. Rubber is more flexible than wood. 2. bigger and bigger
9. Nothing is more enioyable than sitting in a garden 3. better and better
on 4. louder and louder
10. A butterfly's wing is thinner than a blade of grass. 5. angrier and angrier / more and more angry
6. longer and longer
7. more and more discouraged
E X E R C I1S4E, p . 2 5 7 .
8. colder and colder / warmer and warmer
2. she is/her 6. he canArim
9. harder and harder. . . wetter and wetter
3. they are/them 7. mine . . . hers
10. weaker and weaker
4. he can/him 8. theirs . . . ours
5. he did/him
23, p.264.
EXERCISE
2. The closer . . . the warmer
16, p. 259.
EXERCISE 3. The sharper . . . the easier
3. very 6. much I alot I far 4. The noisier (also possible:the more noisy)
4. much I alotlfar 7. much lalotlfar . . . the angrier (also possible:more angry)
5. very 8. very 5. more shrimp . . . the pinker
6. . . . faster she drove, the more nervous I became.
7. . . . more he thought about his familg the more
E X E R C I 1S7E, p . 2 5 9 . homesick he became.
3. 8
8. . . . the darker the sky grew, the faster we ran to
4. A,B
reach the house.
5. 8
6. A,B
24, p.265.
EXERCISE
3. the most beautiful . . . in
E X E R C I1S8E, p . 2 6 0 . 4. theworst...in
Expectedresponses: 5. the farthest/furthest. . . in
4. A sidewalk isn't as wide as 6. thebest...of
5. Arithmetic isn't as difficult as / is less difficult than 7. thebiggest...in
6. A hill isn't as high as 8. theoldest...in
7. Bottled water is clearer and cleaner than 9. the most comfortable . . . in
8. . . . weather isn't as pleasant as i is less pleasant 10. the most exhausted of
than
9. . . . chair is more comfortable than 25, p.266.
EXERCISE
10. . . . path isn't as dangerous as i is less dangerous 2. the cleanest air
than 3. The highest mountains on earth
I l. Toes aren't as long as fingers. 4. the biggest bird
12. Toes aren't as useful as / are less useful than 5. The two greatest natural dangers
13. Toes aren't as long or useful as 6. the most popular forms of entertainment
14. Fingers are longer and more useful than 7. The three most common street names
8. The longest river in South America
20, p.261.
EXERCISE
2. . . . better than he likes his wife. 26, p.266.
EXERCISE
on . . . better than his wife does. 2. the nicest times she's ever had
3. . . . more than he helps Debra. 3. the most difficult courses I've ever taken
oR . . . more than Debra does. 4. the worst mistakes I've ever made
4. . . . more than I pay my dentist. 5. the most beautiful buildings we've ever seen
oR . . . more than mv dentist does. 6. the easiesttests I've ever taken

KEY485
ANSWER
 31, p. 269.
EXERCISE
2. friendlier/more 14.t h e b i g g e s t . . . i n . . .
f -ri!-r-rIul -r'j +1.^-
u Lrr4rr more people than
3. the most famous . . . 1 5 . The greatest
in 1 6 . shorter
4. more wheels than 1 7 .The easiest
5. easier...than 1 8 .t h e h i g h e s t . . . o f
6. larger than. . . darker 1 9 . thicker than
...than 20. m o r e w o r d s . . . t h a n
7. theloudest...in 2 t . Thelonger...the
8. The most important more difficult
9. more education than 22. f a s t e r t h a n . . . t h e
10. the longest fastest...of
I l. the most delightful z ) . larger than
12. The harder. . . the aA
Thegreatest...in
more impossible 25. Morehouseplants...
13. the most common/ than from
commonest,..in

E X E R C I3S2E, p . 2 7 2 .
Expected responses:
5. to
6. as
/. Irom
8 .A . . . 4
9 . t o . . . 4 . . . a s . . .f r o m
1 0 .A . . . a s . .. O . . . t o . . . f r o m

E X E R C I3S3E, p . 2 7 3 .
Expectedresponses:
2. different from 5. different from
3. different 6. the same as
4. the same/alike 7. the same as

34, p.237.
EXERCISE
Expectedresponses:
All the figures are similar.
Figures B and F are the same/alike.
Figure A is different from all the others.
Figures C, D, and E are the same.
Figure C is the same as Figures D and E.
Figure A is different from Figure B.
Figure C is different from Figure F.
Figures E and F are similar.

35, p.274.
EXERCISE
Possiblecompletions:
3. different from / 9. the same
not the same as 10. different from / similar to
4. the same ll. t h es a m e . . . a s
5. like/similar to 12. different from / the same as
6. like...alike 13. like
7. thesame...as 14. similar
8. like 15. like . . . like . . . like

486 nruswen
rev