A.

Introduction

Indonesia is an agricultural country that has many natural resources. There are quite a lot of agricultural
products in Indonesia, and if they are used properly, the food security and quality in Indonesia will
continue to increase and be able to survive well, because agriculture is indeed a very important role in
the food sector in Indonesia. With proper utilization, the agricultural sector can become a central source
of the economy. However, due to the entry of the modern sector through the central state-satellite
relationship which makes the agricultural sector fade, the government sometimes only focuses on
development through the industrial sector so that agriculture becomes less attention. We can see this
from the problem of conversion of agricultural land that often occurs in urban areas (Ferdi Gultom,
2022). The conversion of agricultural land that occurs in urban areas causes urban agriculture to become
very dependent on agriculture in rural and suburban areas. As a result, the fulfillment of food needs in
urban areas is also increasingly dependent on food products in rural areas and suburbs as their main
food supply areas. In addition, cities always import rice from other countries for food supply. In a news
quote, cnbcindonesia.com (Ferdi Gultom, 2022) reports that from BPS data, Indonesia has imported
food of US$ 6.13 billion or equivalent to Rp. 88.21 trillion. Be it imports, meat, milk, coffee, or tea, to
foodstuffs such as chili, garlic, pepper, soybeans, and others. In general, this can lead to new problems,
such as the inability of cities to produce their food, as food security; Food imports that are too intense
can have an impact on the economy of villages and suburbs because these areas are food supply areas.
This dependence threatens urban food security. With the slightest disturbance in the availability of food
supplies, the guarantee of food security in urban areas will experience a shock. Food security for a
country is very important, especially for a country that has a very large population such as Indonesia,
Indonesia's population is estimated to reach 220 million people in 2020 and is projected to be 270
million people in 2025 (Sustainable Food Security, 2020).

B. Discussion

Farmers and the private sector are still trying to create innovations in agriculture and continue to try to
produce food from agricultural products to be more productive and growing. This effort can be seen
from the innovation of how to plant, produce and distribute food products, although in reality it cannot
be maximized. This is because there are still many factors that hinder agricultural productivity in
Indonesia. Factors that cause a decline in food production growth include the shrinking area of food
agriculture due to land conversion, lack of information and interest in agriculture, as well as the impact
of climate change which increases the occurrence of crop failures and natural disasters (Sustainable
Food Security, 2020).

Several factors inhibiting Indonesian agricultural productivity above are interrelated. This can be
seen from the agricultural land that is still being transferred to industrial land, resulting in farmers being
forced to work in the industrial sector. Because their agricultural land must be converted, especially
labor farmers who do not own land, with limited capital and education, they have to compete for jobs in
the industrial sector (Failure of the Urban Agricultural Sector, 2022). This is a big threat to the future of
our agriculture because it will slow down the development of agricultural land productivity in Indonesia.
If this continues to happen, then the danger is that there will be a shortage of farmers, especially with
the lack of interest in going into the world of agriculture. In terms of agricultural land in Indonesia, which
is currently declining due to being used as an industrial location, it will prevent farmers from producing
maximum food (food) products. Coupled with the current climate change that is getting worse, it also
affects the harvest system in Indonesia. Initially, the harvest target could be high, but it turned out to be
a crop failure due to unfavorable environmental conditions or other triggers such as natural disasters.

In the end, the problems that occur in Indonesian agriculture will disrupt the availability of our
food. FAO predicts that by 2050 the world's population will increase to 9.6 billion. This means that
agricultural production must increase by 70% to be able to meet the needs of such a large population
(Rachmawati, R. R. 2021). If we do not take part in advancing Indonesian agriculture, then in the next
few years we will experience a food crisis. So what should Indonesia do to avoid this big problem? And
how can Indonesian food survive in the decades to come?

Here we summarize some solutions or things that can help reduce the problem of the factors that
trigger the weakness of Indonesian agriculture:

Seeing the problem of land use change that still has no bright spot, the best solution is needed that can
overcome this, one of which is, the government should provide legal permits for land management
rights that have been granted.

cultivated by farmers, namely a kind of HGU for a productive business of food crop farming so that
farmers can contribute in the form of taxes on business

and the use of the land.

Then the lack of interest in agriculture is also one of the things that need to be worked out because the
lack of interest in agriculture is also one of the factors that can weaken Indonesian agriculture. The
regeneration of farmers cannot be separated from the scope of village development. Most rural youths
prefer to migrate to cities, rather than work in their villages. Factors affecting the stagnation of farmer
regeneration in the village include access to land and income. Therefore, synergy and government
participation is needed to attract young people interested in becoming farmers by increasing incentives,
and growing training programs in a structured and systematic manner. Also, important points in the
regeneration of farmers are the government's alignment with farmers, a conducive atmosphere,
preparing agricultural products markets, and training of prospective young farmers.

Furthermore, for solutions to problems from climate change factors that can cause crop failures and
natural disasters that result in decreased soil fertility. Extreme temperature changes also affect soil
degradation so that plants lack nutrients and eventually crop failure occurs. The most important thing in
maintaining soil fertility is to add organic matter. Organic matter content is the most important indicator
and is the key to the dynamics of soil fertility. Organic matter has a multifunctional role, namely being
able to change the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. In addition, organic materials
are also able to play a role in activating compounds resulting from their dynamics as ZPT0 (growth
regulators), sources of enzymes (catalysts for compound reactions in the metabolism of life), and
Biocides (disease and pest control drugs from organic materials).

After looking at various problems and summarizing several solutions that can help trigger the weakness
of the Indonesian agricultural sector, we suggest implementing a “Smart Farming” system. That's
because, in smart farming, farmers can cultivate natural resources efficiently and integrate them with
technology. So with smart farming, the younger generation also wants to be involved because they use
technology systems more. And with smart farming, we don't need a large area of land and a lot of
farmers. In Shanghai, China, rice fields are no longer cultivated directly by farmers but are cultivated
with artificial intelligence that can automatically work to plant rice in paddy fields (Rachmawati, R. R.
2021). In Indonesia, some start-ups use smart farming to utilize as little land as possible to produce food
to the fullest. Such as Start-up Tunas Farm which makes a hydroponic system based on the Internet of
Things (IoT). In this hydroponics, Start-up Tunas Farm produces plants and vegetables that have the best
quality. "Tunas Farm offers the Farm to Table concept, which is a concept that allows consumers to
directly enjoy freshly picked vegetables” (Rachmatunnisa. 2020). Thus, when Tunas Farm uses this
method they can produce food ingredients such as vegetables, more efficiently without requiring large
land, and many workers and the results obtained are still of high quality.

In addition to the vegetable sector, some use the smart farming method in the livestock sector.
Because there are still many farmers in Indonesia who still only raise livestock, which is considered less
effective. Like in chicken farming, we don't need to use complicated efforts to be able to produce
chicken eggs of higher quality but can use technology that is much more effective. In addition, if one
manages a chicken farm, it will have a bad impact on the chicken eggs that we will consume. Moreover,
the air quality in the chicken coop is very influential on the growth and health of chickens, that's why we
built a smart system in the chicken coop using a microcontroller to help farmers' activities in controlling
and monitoring livestock continuity so that heat stress conditions do not occur in chickens (Susatyono &
Fitrianto, 2021). So the hope is that with the smart farming method, farmers can produce food from
agriculture, fisheries, plantations, and livestock with the best quality and quantity in one job. So that
way, Indonesia can survive the food crisis problem for the next few years, because we already know how
to produce it effectively. Especially now that the Ministry of Agriculture in Indonesia has implemented
smart farming 4.0 which will encourage farmers' work so that agricultural cultivation becomes efficient,
scalable, and integrated. Which has been implemented in several locations in Indonesia.