3.

2 Chromosomes

Chromosome Structure

Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes

Prokaryotic Chromosomes Eukaryotic Chromosomes

strand -2 chromatids held at the centromere
one
long
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………
-

circular
………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………
-

linear
-

naked
…………………………………………………………………………
-

DNA is DNA bound to histone proteins

…………………………………………………………………………
-

found in nucleiod region

………………………………………………………………………… found in nucleus
…………………………………………………………………………
- -

Outline the role of plasmids in bacterial cells
-

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Small extra DNA molecules

contain few important genes but are not necessary for basic
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
,

life processes
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
.

not be inherited during cell

division
-

/
may may
.

Outline how John Cairns elucidated the length of chromosomes via autoradiography

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
cells were grown in solution of radioactive thymidine
-

radioactive incorporated into DNA of the

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
-

thymidine was cell .

Image of chromosomes of organisms in

homologous pairs
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
-

of taken
decreasing lengths
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
.

be
Micrograph can taken due to stained chromosomes
-

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
identification
at
Position
centromere banding allow
-

and pattern
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... .

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Chromosome Identification

Define homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that carry the same sequence of

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
genes but not
,

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
always the same alleles of the genes .

Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes (heterosomes)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Hetero Somes determine sex at
offspring autosomes do
,
not .

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........

Distinguish between diploid and haploid

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Diploid 2 full
=
sets of chromosomes

set
Haploid
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
1 full of chromosomes
=

Outline the importance of chromosome number to the reproduction of species

NO chromosomes
. is a characteristic feature of
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
member of species .

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
Only species with same chromosome number can interbreed .

Identify the general characteristics of the following individuals based on their karyograms

normal
male Syndrome )
( no down
………………………………………………………………………...
-

Down
syndrome ( female )
…..……………………………………………………………………