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READING EXPLORER 3RD_LEVEL_5
Unit 1: Rise and Fall
1A Secrets of the Maya
Word Meaning (K) Meaning (E) Sentence Page
He stood in front of an altar praying

noun 축복 for the holy blessing of rain. 11
blessing the formal act of approving
It’s a blessing no one was badly hurt.
The Maya plant corn or a milpa, a

crop-growing system including the
corn, beans, and squash that
verb 구성하다 form or compose constitutes their basic source of 11
constitute
protein.
We must redefine what constitutes a

family.
Chaak’s absence can cause disasters

for the Yucatan Maya, possibly the
(기관・사상 the end or failure of an demise of the ancient Maya
demise noun ・기업 등의) institution, an idea, a company, civilization itself. 11
종말 etc.
The demise of the business left 100
workers without jobs.
Very gentle rain to allow the planted

seeds to begin to grow; and finally,
잘 자라다; plenty of rain so the corn can flourish.
to grow well; to be healthy and
flourish verb 11
happy
번창하다
These plants flourish in a damp
climate.
A crew of Maya farmers is working

기진맥진하 hard in the grueling.
very difficult and tiring, needing
grueling adj. 게 하는, 11
great effort for a long time
엄한, 심한
I've had a grueling day.
One day, inspecting the walls of the

to look closely at cenote a few meters below the surface,
점검[검사] something/somebody, especially he emerged from the water and felt
inspect verb something above his head. 10
하다 to check that everything is as it
should be
The teacher walked around inspecting
1
their work.
It looks like a cathedral, except for the

roots of trees that penetrate the rock
뚫고
as they reach for the water.
penetrate verb 들어가다; to go into or through something 9
관통하다
The sun's radiation penetrates the skin.
The day before, they realized, a beam

가격, 기온 of light would have plunged straight
등이 down into the water.
to cast oneself, or fall as if cast,
plunge verb 급락하다. 9
into water, a hole, etc.
거꾸러지다. The train left the track and plunged

down the embankment.
He was astonished to find a natural

rock shelf holding an offering of
human and animal bones, pottery, and
an act of killing a person or
a knife- probably used for sacrifices-
sacrifice noun 희생물, 제물 animal in a religious ceremony 11
all neatly placed there centuries earlier.
as an offering to please a god
They offered sacrifices to the gods.
Whenever there is enough soil, the

material in the top layer of the
Maya plant corn or a milpa.
surface of the earth in which
soil noun 토양, 흙 11
plants can grow (especially with
reference to its quality or use)
Roses grow well in a clay soil.
1B The Collapse of Angkor
Overflow channels bled off excess water

that accumulated during the summer
monsoon months.
any course or way along which
channel noun 경로 22
information travels
Complaints must be made through the

proper channels.
These enable the city to keep scarce water

흩어지다, in dry months and disperse excess water
distribute or spread over a wide
disperse verb 해산하다; during the rainy season. 21
area
해산시키다
2
The crowd dispersed quickly.
This may have doomed the city when sea

trade began to develop between Southeast
운이 다한,
adj. certain to fail, suffer, die, etc. Asia and China. 21
doomed
불운한
Their marriage is doomed to failure from
the start.
In the end, the tale of Angkor is a sobering
lesson in the limits of human ingenuity.
기발한 재주, the quality of being clever,
ingenuity noun 22
재간, 독창성 original, and inventive
You have to admire the ingenuity.
Scholars have come up with a list of

suspected causes for Angkor’s decline,
someone who enters by force in including foreign invaders.
invader noun 침략자 19
order to conquer
He treated me as an invader.
Angkor's hydraulic system was an

amazing machine, a wonderful
(목적을
mechanism for regulating the world.
달성하기 a machine or a system for doing
mechanism noun 22
위한) 방법, something
메커니즘 Scientists have been unable to explain the
exact mechanism behind this effect.
Cambodia's civil war the brutal regime of

the Khmer Rouge, and the subsequent
arrival of Vietnamese forces in 1979
turned Angkor into a no-go zone for two
A government, especially an
noun 정권 decades. 21
regime authoritarian one
The regime was under the dominion of

the ruler.
Angkor was powerful largely thanks to an

advanced system of canals and reservoirs.
lake used to store water for
reservoir noun 저수지 21
community use
The reservoir was low after the long drou
ght.
그[이] Cambodia's civil war the brutal regime of
coming after something in time;
subsequent adj. the Khmer Rouge, and the subsequent 21
다음의, following
arrival of Vietnamese forces in 1979
차후의
3
turned Angkor into a no-go zone for two

decades.
Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.
It was very subversive, just like

Christianity was subversive to the Roman
체제 in opposition to a civil authority Empire.
subversive adj. 20
전복적인 or government
He was engaged in subversive activities.
4
Unit 2: High Achievers
2A The Sky Runner
She had never run 50 kilometers

before, had no special gear or training
for such a distance, and was also the
supplies, tools, or clothes needed only woman in the competition.
gear noun 기어, 장치 30
for a special purpose
Careless use of the clutch may damage

the gears.
Rai, however, remains humble.

marked by meekness or modesty;
humble adj. 겸손한 32
not arrogant or prideful;
He is a modest and humble man
It becomes a struggle, not merely a

challenge.
merely adverb 그저, 단지 and nothing more 33
We’re merely good friends.
Against all odds, she beat everyone.
the likelihood of a thing occurring

odds noun 가능성, 확률 30
rather than not occurring
The odds of us achieving our sales
targets are very poor.
It’s still at a snail’s pace and has a long

way to go before women are seen as
equivalent to men.
the rate of moving (especially
pace noun 속도 33
walking or running)
Public spending continues to rise at a

steady pace.
I became more determined, motivated,

and persistent to chase my dreams.
persistent adj. 끈질긴, 집요한 never-ceasing 33
If she hadn’t been so persistent she

might not have gotten the job.
5
I have been providing guidance to men

and women alike in running and
encouraging them to pursue a career
carry out or participate in an as professional athletes.
pursue verb 추구하다 34
activity; be involved in
She plans to pursue a career in

politics.
It’s hard to find good role models for

young women in our region, especially
one coming from the same rural
of or relating to the countryside as village background.
rural adj. 시골의, 지방의 32
opposed to the city
It’s very rural round here, isn’t it?
Running is no issue, but breaking

gender stereotypes is.
a conventional or formulaic
stereotype noun 고정관념 32
conception or image
His jokes often depend on cultural
stereotypes.
The grit and joy she embodies

throughout all her hardships and
victories is an inspiration to all of us.
throughout prep …동안, 내내 from first to last 32
We are open every weekend

throughout the year.
2B The Free Soloist
contrived by art rather than The very essence of alpinism was to

nature master a mountain with superior
physical and mental skill – not
adj. 인위적인 artificial aid. 42
artificial
Glen wears an artificial leg.
ascend verb 오르다, to travel up Alex researched several El Capitan 42

올라가다 routes, finally settling on Free rider, a
popular test piece for veteran climbers
and one that usually requires multiple
days to ascend.
6
The mountaineers slowly ascended the
steep slope.
Alex was secretly contemplating a

고려하다, to look at thoughtfully; observe much bigger goal.
contemplate verb 42
생각하다 deep in thought Jack went on vacation to contemplate
his future.
This part must be mastered with a

delicate balance of fine skills and
poise.
marked by great skill especially in
delicate adj. 섬세한 41
meticulous technique
The delicate operation took more than

six hours.
Above him, the stone is blank for

several feet, devoid of any holds.
to be completely lacking in
devoid of 41
~이 없는 something
His face was devoid of any warmth or
humor.
The temperature can plummet below

freezing.
plummet verb 급락하다 drop sharply 42
House prices have plummeted down.
He first dreamed up this scheme seven

years ago.
an elaborate and systematic plan
scheme noun 계획 42
of action
The pilot scheme proved to be a great
success.
Its 30 or so pitches challenge a climber

in practically every possible way:
balance, flexibility, problem solving
and emotional stamina.
stamina noun 체력 enduring strength and energy 42
You need stamina to be a long-

distance runner.
Preuss’s ideas would live on,

연속적인,
adj. in regular succession without gaps influencing successive generations of 42
successive 잇따른 climbers and inspiring the “free
climbing” movement of the 1960s and
7
‘70s.
The team has had five successive

victories.
Before he could tackle the Boulder

Problem, he would have to get over the
Freeblast.
tackle verb 씨름하다 accept as a challenge 44
There is more than one way to tackle

the problem.
8
Unit 3: Science and Progress
3A The Age of Disbelief
They’re vulnerable to confirmation

bias.
a partiality that prevents
bias noun 편견, 편향 objective consideration of an 54
issue or situation
Students were evaluated without
bias.
Doubters have declared war on the

consensus of experts.
agreement in the judgment or
consensus noun 일치, 합의 opinion reached by a group as a 53
whole
The general consensus was that
technology was a good thing.
The scientific method is a hard

discipline.
a system of rules of conduct or

discipline noun 지식분야 54
method of practice; The traditional academic disciplines
are less popular among students, who
now prefer subjects such as business
studies.
The world seems full of real and

imaginary hazards, and
distinguishing the former from the
latter isn’t easy.
distinguish verb 구별하다 mark as different 53
The main distinguishing feature of

this species is the leaf shape.
The victims were exposed to

chemicals from the dump.
To be put in a situation in which
exposed to 노출되다 54
it might affect them.
They had to be exposed to the enemy
's gunfire.
fundamental adj. 핵심적인, being or involving basic facts or People need to hear from believers 57
필수적인 principles they can trust, who share their
fundamental values.
9
Let me state a couple of

fundamental principles which we
value highly.
This has implications for the “herd

immunity” of populations.
a meaning that is not expressly
implication noun 함축, 암시 57
stated but can be inferred
What are the implications of these
proposals?
Gone are the days when a small

number of powerful institutions
served as gatekeepers of scientific
an organization founded information.
institution noun 기관, 단체 and united for a specific 57
purpose
Japanese institutions are steadily
increasing their presence in Europe.
Science appeals to our rational brain,

but our beliefs are motivated largely
by emotion.
consistent with or based on or
rational adj. 이성적인 56
using reason
I’m sure there’s a rational

explanation for all this.
Many people retain doubts about that

allow to remain in a place or consensus.
간직하다,
retain verb position or maintain a property 55
유지하다 or feature
Why not retain your peace of mind?
3B Goalkeepers of the Planet
We want to make sure that we hold

people accountable for that progress.
adj. 책임이 있는 liable to account for one's 63

accountable
actions The government should be
accountable to all the people of the
country.
10
It changes everything in the family

dynamic.
dynamic noun 역학 an efficient incentive 65
She regards class conflict as a central

dynamic of historical change.
The UN goals were initially set in

2000.
initially adverb 처음에 at the beginning 64
Stan initially wanted to go to medical

school.
In 2017, the Gates Foundation

launched Goalkeepers, an initiative
an important new plan or to spur action and track progress
process to achieve a particular toward the UN goals.
initiative noun 계획 63
aim or to solve a particular
problem
The party seized the initiative.
The report also calls for more

investment and innovation to ensure
a creation (a new device or this progress continues.
innovation noun 혁신, 쇄신 process) resulting from study 63
and experimentation
We must encourage innovation if the
company is to remain competitive.
If you don’t have the right conditions,

then the young people, particularly
the men, can add to that instability.
a lack of balance or state of
instability noun 불안정 65
disequilibrium
The policy will bring greater economi
c instability in the country.
I’m super excited that by the end of

the decade we expect to have cheap
interventions so those kids will fully
the act of intervening (as to develop.
intervention noun 조정, 중재 65
mediate a dispute, etc.)
He was later pardoned following U.S.
intervention.
11
The report also calls for more

investment and innovation to ensure
To lay out money or capital in this progress continues.
investment noun 투자 an enterprise with the 63
expectation of profit
We plan to buy some property as an
investment.
Rwanda has been a big outlier in the

quality of health services.
a person, thing, or part situated
outlier noun 특이치 away from a main or related 63
body
Use when you suspect that the largest
data value is an outlier.
All the investments you make in their

education, wanting to benefit from
their productivity, will work far
better.
the quality of being productive
productivity noun 생산성 65
or having the power to produce
Managers are always looking for

ways
to increase worker productivity.
12
Unit 4: Saving Cities
4A City Under Seige
The black of Cacciari's dark hair and

luxuriant beard complement his current
to differ, but to go well mood.
보완하다,
complement verb together like 75
덧붙이다 complementary colors
The excellent menu is complemented by a
good wine list.
The four kilometers (two and a half miles)

of passerelle- an elevated boardwalk
supported on metal legs-are set up.
elevate adj. (지위가)높은 raised up higher 76
He was quickly elevated to sergeant.
Nowhere in Italy is there a crisis more

beautifully framed than in Venice.
frame verb 액자에 넣다 enclose in or as if in a frame 75
The photograph had been framed.
There is talk about implementing new

policies to limit the number of tourists,
imposing additional taxes, and urging
visitors to avoid the high seasons of Easter
verb 시행하다 to carry out, fulfill a plan and Carnival. 77
implement
The government failed to implement the

plan.
There is talk about implementing new

policies to limit the number of tourists,
imposing additional taxes, and urging
도입[시행] visitors to avoid the high seasons of Easter
하다, to force something on
verb and Carnival. 77
impose someone
부과하다
This system imposes additional financial

burdens on many people.
13
Love is an inadequate word to describe

how Salvadori feels about Venice.
불충분한 not enough; not good
inadequate adj. 77
enough
부적당한
The system is inadequate for the tasks it
has to perform.
Some people suggest that Venice's wounds

to cause someone to are self-inflicted.
(괴로움 등을)
experience or be affected
inflict verb 가하다[ 77
by(something unpleasant or
안기다] harmful) They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the
home team.
Water taxi drivers who all have an interest

in maximizing the influx of visitors-defies
to make larger in amount or simple solutions.
maximize verb 극대화하다 77
importance
Maximize the window to full screen.
Venice is not a sentimental place of

honeymoon.
정서[감정] connected with your
sentimental adj. 76
적인 emotions, rather than reason
She kept the letters for sentimental
reasons.
The so-called exodus, which dates back

very far in time, is deep-rooted with the
lodging issue.
generally named, but
so-called adj. 소위, 이른바 77
perhaps misleading Their justice, so called, smacked of
partiality.
4B Rising Seas
Faced with the largest storm the Atlantic 85

had ever produced, New York and other
cities ordered mandatory evacuations of
[법. 명령] low-lying areas, but not everyone
따르다. to act in accordance with a
verb complied.
comply wish or command
준수하다
They refused to comply with the UN

resolution.
14
New Orleans may be safe for a few 87

대단히 decades, but the long-term prospects for it
심각한, very bad; causing great and other low-lying cities look dire.
dire adj.
worry or fear
엄청난,
지독한
The weather was absolutely dire.
I cannot envision southeastern Florida 87

having many people at the end of this
마음속에 century.
to imagine what a situation
envision verb 그리다[
will be like in the future
상상하다]
They envision an equal society, free of
poverty and disease.
New York and other cities ordered 85

the act of removing the cont
evacuation noun 피난, 대피 mandatory evacuations of low-lying area,
ents of something
but not everyone complied.
The water had retreated, but thigh-deep 85

후퇴 to move away from a place pools still filled parts of some streets.
or an enemy because you are
retreat verb [철수/퇴각] in danger or because you
하다 have been defeated The army was forced to retreat after
suffering heavy losses.
Within minutes, another surge of water 85

lifted the boardwalk again.
a sudden powerful forward
surge noun 급증. 급등
or upward movement
After an initial surge of interest, there has
been little call for our services.
It reflects the confidence of a generation 88

that took for granted-as we no longer can-
to believe or assume that
a reasonably stable world.
take for ~을 당연히 (something) is true or
granted 여기다 probably true without
knowing that it is true
Don’t take for granted the passion that
she has for you.
Among the most vulnerable cities is 87

Miami.
capable of being wounded or
vulnerable adj. 취약한
hurt
The bridge is extremely vulnerable.
will noun 의지 the capability of conscious c It might take five years of study and 86

hoice and decision and intent another ten years to get the political will to
ion; do it.
15
Children sometimes have strong wills.
Like other primary sea barriers in the 88

Netherlands, it's built to withstand a 1-in-
10,000-year storm- the strictest standard in
견뎌[이겨] to not be harmed or affected the world.
withstand verb
내다 by (something).
They had withstood siege, hunger and

deprivation.
16
Unit 5: Energy Choices
5A Our Energy Diet
Minch also gave us tips about lighting

and appliances.
a machine used in the
appliance noun (가정용)기기 home for a particular 98
purpose like cleaning They sell a wide range of domestic
appliances—washing machines,
dishwashers and so on.
We asked Minch to do an energy audit

an official examination of of our house.
business and financial
audit noun 회계 감사 98
records to see that they are
true and correct The company has an audit at the end of
each financial year.
The average U.S household produces

about 70 kilograms (150 pounds) of CO2
a day by doing commonplace things like
done very often, or turning on air conditioning or driving
adj. 아주 흔한 existing in many places, cars. 97
commonplace
and therefore not unusual
Computers are now commonplace in

primary classrooms.
Whenever possible I worked from home,

and when I commuted, I took the bus
and subway.
to travel to and from work
commute verb 통근하다 100
or school regularly
She commutes from Oxford to London

every day.
Replacing them with compact

fluorescents could save a homeowner
small compared with $200 a year.
compact adj. 소형의[간편한] others; taking up little 98
space
The kitchen was compact but well
equipped.
noun 장려[우대]책 a positive motivational infl Factories throughout the nation, 100

incentive
uence combined with incentives and efficiency
17
standards, could halt further increases in

U.S. emissions.
Awards provide an incentive for young

people to improve their skills.
Berkeley National Laboratory found that

"vampire" power sucked up by
a state or status; electronics in standby mode can add up 8
방식[방법/
noun percent of a house's electric bill. 98
mode 유형] a particular way of living
or behaving
She put her computer in suspend mode.
Not that there won't still be obstacles.
something that gets in the

obstacle noun 장애 100
way of action or progress
A lack of qualifications can be a major
obstacle to finding a job.
"To stay below that threshold, we need

figuratively, a starting
to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,
place, a beginning; a
he said.
threshold noun 문지방 certain level or point at 98
which something will take
effect
They met at the threshold of the theater.
I put numbers from recent utility bills

into several calculators on websites.
a service(such as a supply
utility noun 공익사업 of electricity or water) that 98
is provided to the public
Chinese utility is among the alliance
members.
5B Plugging into the Sun
His job is to monitor the row of mirrors as

they concentrate sunlight on long steel
pipes filled with circulating oil, heating it
순환하다 to move or pass through in a
as high as 400 degrees Celsius (750oF).
circulate verb circle back to the starting 107
순환시키다 point
Cooled air is circulated throughout the

building.
Nevada Solar One was built because the

deadline noun 기한, 마감시간 a specific time for 108
state had set a deadline requiring utilities
18
to generate 20 percent if their power from

renewable sources by 2015.
completion
Let your people know that Thursday's the

deadline.
It is an ingenious mechanism.
사물. 계획. 생각
ingenious adj. original or clever 109
등이 기발한
Our ingenious catapult system helps us
hop over the wall.
That's only because a 30-percent federal

tax credit helped offset its construction
to balance the effect of one costs.
offset verb 상쇄[벌충]하다 thing by doing another 108
action
Prices have risen in order to offset the
increased cost of materials.
Another method is to convert sunlight

directly into electricity with photovoltaic
(문이나 벽에 (PV) panels made of semiconductors such
a rectangular piece of
붙이는 목재. as silicon.
panel noun material that is part of a 108
유리. 금속으로 된 larger structure
사각형) 판
One of the glass panels in the front door
was cracked.
With land at a premium in Germany, solar

panels can be found mounted on rooftops,
farmhouses even on soccer stadiums and
a higher price, usually due to along the autobahn.
premium noun 할증료 109
short supply
You have to pay a high premium for

express delivery..
If we talk about geothermal or wind, all

these other sources of renewable energy
are limited in their quantity.
renewable adj. 재생 가능한 can be replenished 107
Wood is a renewable energy source.
subsidy noun 보조금[장려금] a grant paid by a governmen The aim now is to bring down costs and 108
t to an enterprise that benefit reduce the need for subsidies and
s the public incentives.
19
Farm subsidies totaled $53 billion last

year.
When they subtracted their usage from

the amount they produced, the family
found they were more than 2,500 euros
(nearly $3,400) in profit.
subtract verb (수. 양을)빼다 to take away, deduct 109
Subtract the smaller number from the

larger number.
(수익. 결과. But on a sunny day in May, it yielded

농작물 등을) more than seven times that much.
yield verb to give forth or produce 109
내다[산출/
The research has yielded useful
생산하다]
information.
20
Unit 6: Survival and Protection
6A Quicksilver
An alarming lesson lies hidden at Hopkins

Marine Station.
걱정스러운, frightening because
alarming adj. 123
두려운 of an awareness of danger
The rainforest is disappearing at an
alarming rate.
Stanford University professor Barbara

Block runs TRCC out of Hopkins Marine
Station in collaboration with the
협력하다,
work together on a common Monterey Bay Aquarium next door.
collaborate verb 공동으로 122
enterprise of project
작업하다
The two nations are collaborating on
several satellite projects.
lacking people, plants, The waterfront-crowded with fishing boats

사람이 없는 animals, etc.; in the 1920s-is now deserted.
deserted adj. 121
버림받은 sparsely occupied or
unoccupied This place is enormous and deserted.
But this relationship with humans has

lately been detrimental to the bluefin.
detrimental adj. 해로운 tending to cause harm 121
The policy will be detrimental to the

peace process.
The tuna was hauled aboard through a

specially designed “tuna door," then laid
on its side on a padded mat, perfectly still
(아주 힘들여) to pull or drag with effort or
verb and enormous. 122
haul 끌다 force
The wagons were hauled by horses.
mingle verb 섞이다, mix or cause to mix together The discovery of the mingling of the two 123
어우러지다. populations is making more accurate
fisheries management possible.
21
The sounds of laughter and singing

mingled in the evening air.
Stanford University professor Barbara

Block, a preeminent scholar of the bluefin,
runs TRCC out of Hopkins Marine Station
a person who has studied a in collaboration with the Monterey Bay
noun 학자 subject for a long time and Aquarium next door. 122
scholar
knows a lot about it
He was the most distinguished scholar in

his field.
In the sea's refracted sunlight, their pale

sides flash and sparkle like polished
a broad piece of metal or
shields.
other suitable material, used
shield noun 방패 119
as protection against blows
or missiles
Our missile defense is not a spear, but a
shield.
It is a starting measure of what bluefin

tuna is up against of more than a handful
깜짝 놀랄, very surprising, shocking, or are to see the 22nd century.
startling adj. 121
frightening
아주 놀라운
She gave me the startling news.
The victim's scales swirl in the turbulence

of the departed tuna, now heading off at
high speed.
violent or unsteady
turbulence noun 격동, 격변 119
movement of air or water
The country is facing a summer of political

turbulence.
6B Building the Ark
When one count showed just 325 wild

American bison left in North America, the
Bronx Zoo started a captive-breeding
a person who has been taken
program that helped save the species.
captive noun 포로 prisoner or an animal that 129
has been confined
Soldiers put an enemy captive in a

detention center.
22
If the species escapes extinction, it will in

no small part be thanks to the work done at
the state that results when
the zoo.
멸종. 절멸, something(such as a plant or
extinction noun 129
소멸 animal species) has died out
completely
The mountain gorilla is on the verge of
extinction.
Unfortunately for them, amphibians are far

less popular than zoo species such as
pandas or lions, which are not yet facing
imminent extinction in the wild.
imminent adj. 임박한 about to happen 130
The system is in imminent danger of

collapse.
And what goes for the Sumatran rhino

goes for a growing list of species saved
from oblivion.
the state of being forgotten
oblivion noun 망각, 잊혀짐 129
or unknown
Most of his inventions have been

consigned to oblivion.
As the wild shrink, zoos are increasingly

being looked to as modern-day arks: the
last refuge against a rising tide of
a place or situation extinction.
refuge noun 피난처 129
providing safety or shelter
A further 300 people have taken refuge in

the US embassy.

줄어들다[ to make something much
verb extinction. 129
shrink 오그라지다] smaller
My sweater shrank in the wash.
state-of-the-art phrase 최신의 the most recent stage in the He's standing in a state-of-the-art 130
development of a product breeding facility filled with tanks of
Kihansi spray toads-small, yellow
amphibians about 2.5 centimeters(one
inch)long.
23
The movie was made with state-of-the-

art computer graphics.
In the meantime, the zoo were struggling

to figure out how to recreate the habitat
투쟁[고투] to try very hard to do,
that gives the spray toad its name.
하다, achieve, or deal with
struggle verb 130
something that is difficult or
몸부림치다 that causes problems
For years, she struggled to make ends
meet.
So a special vitamin supplement had to be

designed.
보충[추가] to add to something in order
supplement verb 130
하다 to improve it
He supplements his income by giving
private lessons.

the way in which something extinction.
tide noun 추세, 흐름 129
is changing or developing
It takes courage to speak out against the

tide of opinion.
24
Unit 7: Human Body
7A Secrets of the Brain
It's not easy to dazzle neuroscientists.
눈이 부시게 to impress deeply; astonish

dazzle verb 143
하다 with delight
He was momentarily dazzled by the
strong sunlight.
The secret to certain disorders may be

hiding in these complex networks, as
certain genes shut down or switch on
a physical or mental
abnormally.
disorder noun 엉망.어수선함 conditions that is not 142
normal or healthy
His financial affairs were in complete

disorder.
When and if Lichtman completes his 3-D

portrait of the brain, it will reveal much-
but it will still be only an exquisitely
detailed sculpture.
아주
with special beauty or
exquisitely adverb 아름답게, 142
charm
절묘하게
Schipa knew how to maintain clarity in
his tone exquisitely, while not forgetting
to make his sound elaborately graceful
and refined.
Wedeen, who is at the forefront of brain

imaging, creates in unprecedented detail
중심, representations of the brain's wiring.
the most important part or
forefront noun 가장 중요한 141
position
위치
That has to be at the forefront of any
discussion.
Still others-Wedeen among them-work on

revealing as much of the brain's vast
neural network as they can.
relating to a nerve or the
neural adj. 신경의 142
nervous system
Neural networks handle many kinds of

information in a brain.
25
Cutting-edge techniques for mapping the

brain are giving researchers greater access
a part of the body(such as to that organ than ever before.
(인체 내의)
organ noun the heart or the liver)that 142
장기[기관] has a particular
The gallbladder is an organ in the body
that stores bile.
Donoghue wanted to find a way to help

people with paralysis by using signals
from the brain's motor cortex-the area
비롯되다, to begin to exist; to be where signals to move muscles originate.
originate verb 144
유래하다 produced or created
The disease is thought to have originated

in the tropics.
I reflected on the fact that all my thoughts

and emotions were the creations of the
three-pound loaf of flesh that was under
정밀조사, a close examination or scrutiny: my brain.
scrutinize noun 141
철저한 검토 investigation
Her argument doesn't really stand up to

scrutiny.
Predicting the future is tricky game,

however, and advances in the past have
requiring care and skill inspired expectations that have not been
adj. 힘든, 곤란한 because of difficulty or met. 144
tricky
awkwardness
The equipment can be tricky to install.
Wedeen, who is at the forefront of brain

imaging, creates in unprecedented detail
representations of the brain's wiring.
전례 없는, not done or experienced
unprecedented adj. 141
미증유의 before
The situation is unprecedented in modern

times.
7B Human Bionics
assign verb (일.책임 to allocate or allot; to give For months the nerves grew, millimeter 151
등을)맡기다 a job or task to someone to by millimeter, moving deeper into their
do newly assigned homes.
26
The two large classrooms have been

assigned to us.
Nerve fibers and metal wires are not

mutually compatible, and an open
wound where a wire enters the body
able to exist and perform i
양립될 수 would be a dangerous avenue for
compatible adj. n harmonious or agreeable 151
있는 infections.
combination
Certain kinds of drug are not compatible
But they are still crude, like a hammer,

compared with the complexity of the
human body.
대충의,
crude adj. very simple and basic 152
대강의
In crude terms, the causes of mental
illness seem to be of three main kinds.
Kitts is one of "tomorrow's people," a

group whose missing or ruined body
parts are being replaced by devices
to place or embedded in their nervous systems that
(단단히)박다,
verb set(something)firmly in respond to commands from their brains. 150
embed 끼워 넣다 something else
These attitudes are deeply embedded in

our society.
In an intricate operation, a surgeon

rerouted those nerves to different regions
complicated, having many of Kitts's upper-arm muscles.
intricate adj. 복잡한 151
small parts or details
My sweater has an intricate design.
Todd Kuiken, a licensed medical

practitioner and biomedical engineer at
RIC, was the person responsible for what
면허증[ the institute had begun calling the
given official approval to a
adj. 자격증]을 “bionic are.” 150
licensed ct
소지한
The new drug has not yet been licensed i
n the US.
27
The first step was to salvage major

nerves that once went all the way down
to save something her arm.
구조[인양]
salvage verb damaged in a fire or 151
하다 accident
We only managed to salvage two
paintings from the fire.
What Kitts would really like now is

(자극을 sensation.
받아서
sensation noun a physical feeling 152
느끼게 되는)
느낌 I had a sensation of falling, as if in a
dream.
There are valid reasons for supposing

that one day she'll get that sensation, says
Kuiken.
유효한[ acceptable; based on
valid adj. 152
정당한] sensible reasoning
They have a valid claim to

compensation.
She can also differentiate between

진동하다; rubbing something rough, like sandpaper,
and smooth, like glass, by how fast the
떨리게[ to move back and forth or
rods vibrate.
vibrate verb 흔들리게] from side to side with very 152
하다, short, quick
진동시키다 Every time a train went past the walls
vibrated.
28
Unit 8: Social Behavior
8A The Genius of Swarms
That is, if their members are diverse,

independent-minded, and use a mechanism
such as voting, auctioning or averaging to
something made up of reach a collective, aggregate decision.
aggregate noun 합계. 총액 163
separate parts added together
Aggregate figures for all retired clergy are

not available.
These dances include a code giving

directions to a box's location.
a system of symbols or signals
code noun 암호.부호 163
with special meaning
And your area code must be entered here.
I just figured they had a coherent plan, knew

where they were going and what needed to
일관성 있는,
well planned with all parts be done.
coherent adj. 논리[조리] 161
going well together
정연한 This mystery stories was coherent from
beginning to end.
Temnothorax albipennis, for example, can

a factor used to judge or rate the quality of a potential nest site using
decide something; multiple criteria.
criteria noun 기준 162
(pl. n.) criteria
The main criteria is value for money.
"I've applied what I've learned from the bees

to run faculty meetings," he says
(대학의 한
the teaching staff at a college
faculty noun 학부의) 163
or university
교수단 The car was a 2001 Honda Accord, donated
by an anonymous faculty member at the
school.
imitate verb 모방하다, to copy behavior Other companies have also profited by 162
본뜨다 imitating ants.
29
Her style of painting has been imitated by

other artists.
When you type in a search query, the engine

surveys billions of Web pages in its index
an alphabetical list of items servers to identify the most relevant ones.
index noun 색인 163
used for reference
Oil issues helped boost the index.
Computer scientists have been using swarm

behavior to create mathematical procedures
a process or series of acts
for resolving complex human problems.
especially of a or mechanical
procedure noun 절차[수순] 162
nature involved in a particular
form of work
This is standard procedure for getting rid of
toxic waste.
That's how swarm intelligence works:

simple creatures following simple protocols,
each one acting on local information.
외교 의례, rules of behavior followed by
protocol noun 161
의전 diplomats; acceptable
The dates were agreed under a protocol to

the climate convention.
A colony can solve problems unthinkable for

individual ants, such as finding the shortest
path to the best food source, allocating
an area of land that belongs to workers to different tasks, or defending a
noun 지역, 영토 or controlled by a ruler or territory from neighbors. 161
territory
state
They have refused to allow UN troops to be

stationed in their territory.
8B Of Ants and Humans
Naturalists have discovered more and more

groups that have altruistic workers and
soldiers.
showing unselfish concern for
altruistic adj. 이타적인 171
the welfare of others
You can't expect a large corporation to be

altruistic.
I know a lot of people would like to believe

noun 변칙.이례 a deviation from the common 172
anomaly that this is just a nasty habit we developed,
rule, type, arrangement or
30
just a cultural anomaly, and all we have to

do is get enlightened and drop it.
form
He argued that Parliament should remove
the anomaly that no member could be
imprisoned for debt.
What's consistently the case is that these

animals have a resource, usually a place to
live with food, that’s very valuable.
일관하여, always behaving in the same
consistently adverb 171
지속적으로 way
Her work has been of a consistently high

standard.
Part of the reason was that ants exemplified

a peculiarity that he said might have proved
fatal to his theory of evolution.
전형적인 to demonstrate a typical
exemplify verb 171
예가 되다 example
Her early work is exemplified in her book,

‘A Study of Children's Minds'.
Fake nature, sci-fi movies, videos, being

drawn into lives that are pursued in front of
a computer.
가짜의, not real or true, pretending to
fake adj. 170
거짓된 be something else
There were a few stalls selling fake designer

clothing.
There is one lesson we have already learned,

however: Ants keep themselves fanatically
clean, so epidemics are rare.
열광하여,
fanatically adverb with excessive enthusiasm Unlike the professional teachers of the time, 172
광신적으로
Socrates pointedly declined to accept
payment for his work with students, but
because of this lofty disdain for material
success, all of his pupils were fanatically
loyal to him
fatal adj. 죽음을 resulting in death Ants exemplified a peculiarity that he said 171
초래하는, might have proved fatal to his theory of
evolution.
치명적인
31
He has not driven since his nearly fatal

accident earlier this year.
Nepenthes gets organic material from the

insects it captures.
유기체에서 naturally produced or derived
organic adj. 171
나온, 유기의 from living things
It is also useful in determining the structure
of organic compounds.
If she is producing separate organisms that

serve her purpose, then all together, these
colonies can prevail over solitary
adj. 혼자 하는 spending time alone individuals. 171
solitary
She enjoys long solitary walks.
And that potential flaw was that worker ants

unable to reproduce; are so completely different from queen ants,
살균한, yet they are sterile.
sterile adj. completely clean with no 171
소독한
germs
Pack in sterile jars and seal immediately.
32
Unit 9: Creativity
9A Decoding Leonardo
Meaning
Word Meaning (E) Sentence Page
(K)
Leonardo commenced an apprenticeship at

(특수 the academy of Andrea del Verrocchio.
an institution for teaching and
academy noun 분야의) 182
learning
학교
He later studied at the Royal Academy.
These are detailed, cryptic compilations of

material on a seemingly arbitrary range of
topics, from geology and geometry to
임의적인, not based on any system or anatomy and astronomy, all interwoven and
arbitrary adj. superimposed as one burning interest gave 182
plan
제멋대로인 way to the next.
The choice of players for the team seemed

completely arbitrary.
The themes were not unlike other
commissions of the time, but if the subjects
lacked originality, their treatment did not.
a piece of work that is
commission noun 수수료 182
requested and paid for
You get a 10% commission on everything

you sell.
He worked on the paintings concurrently,

the portrait offering him pleasant relief from
동시에,
happening at the same time as the subject of the battle.
concurrently adverb 함께, 184
something else
겸임하여
The prison sentences will run concurrently.
Sadly, he was denied the chance to complete

거부하다, his project.
deny verb 부인[부정] to refuse access or opportunity 183

하다
They were denied access to the information.
33
Michelangelo never transferred his draft to

the Council Chamber wall.
draft noun 원고, 초안 an early version 184
I've made a rough draft of the letter.
The parameters of what was ideologically

an orientation that acceptable had been decided by the Church.
이데올로
ideology noun characterizes the thinking of a 182
기, 이념 group or nation
She was against all ideology.
A love that would remain implicit in all his

later works.
암시된,
implicit adj. expressed in an indirect way 181
내포된
Implicit in his speech was the assumption
that they were guilty.
For years, art had been an instrument of

religious expression, and the parameters of
what was ideologically acceptable had been
(일정하게 decided by the Church.
parameter noun a limit or guideline 182
정한) 한도
We had to work within the parameters that

had already been established.
(더 중요한 The rivals did their preliminary sketches in

separate quarters.
행동・
preliminary adj. 행사에 beginning, introductory 184
대한)
After a few preliminary remarks he
예비의 announced the winners.
9B The Power of Writing
Recent studies have shown that writing

about feelings can alleviate depressions.
provide physical relief, as
alleviate verb 완화하다 192
from pain
Heavy rains in March alleviated the
drought conditions.
34
As this economy relies more on computers,

does the Chinese writing system act as a
제약,제한, a `limitations; something that constraint on its development?
constraint noun 194
통제 holds someone back
This decision will impose serious
constraints on all schools.
It's up to the computer program to interpret
how the string of numbers corresponds to
to write to someone; an instruction.
일치하다,
correspond verb 194
부합하다 to match something
Your account of events does not correspond
with hers.
I suggest to Guujaaw that things get

distorted when people repeat them to one
another, especially over a long duration of
지속; (
the length of time something time.
duration noun 지속되는) 193
lasts
기간
The school was used as a hospital for the
duration of the war.
He helped found a company, E-lnk, whose

technology is transforming ink from a
permanent medium to a format that can
the particular organization and change electronically.
format noun 구성 방식 194
appearance of something
The format of the new quiz show has

proved popular.
Technology that incorporates voice and
handwriting recognition, he claims, could
make it irrelevant which writing system is
used.
incorporate verb 포함하다 to include, contain 194
Many of your suggestions have been

incorporated in the plan.
Japan had integrated phonetic components

into its written language, Korea by the 15th.
통합시키 to put different groups
integrate verb 192
다[되다] together; to incorporate
These programs will integrate with your
existing software.
35
This skill, once known only to a few

professional scribes, grew into mass
literacy: More than five billion people-about
글을 읽고 85 percent of the world’s population-can
noun 쓸줄 the ability read and write now read and write. 191
literacy
아는 능력
Of course, literacy isn't the same thing as

intelligence.
Today, the extra work needed to manually

enter Chinese into a computer-up to five
keystrokes for one Chinese character-raise
by hand rather than
손으로; an important issue.
manually adverb automatically or using 193
수공으로 electricity, etc.
This alert scan begins when it is started

manually.
Goren warned me against seeing an alphabet

우수한 as “superior" to pictographic writing.
great or greater in amount,
superior adj. [우세한/ 192
number or quality; better than
우월한] They are superior in number to us. or They
outnumber us.
36
Unit 10: New Discoveries
10A Cosmic Dawn
Quintana and his companions were looking

for a location to set up an array of dish
person or animal with whom
동반자, antennas for a large radio telescope.
companion noun one spends a lot of time or 204
동행 with whom one travels:
He'll have a loving companion for life.
A massive supercomputer had to be installed

Bring the different elements of on-site to coordinate their movements and
(a complex activity or interpret the signals received.
조직[편성]
coordinate verb organization) into a 205
하다 harmonious or efficient
relationship We need someone to coordinate the whole
campaign.
From the images they gathered, they were

able to deduce that many stars in those
galaxies were a billion years younger than
추론[추정] astronomers had previously thought.
deduce verb conclude by reasoning; in logic 205
하다
From her son’s age, I deduced that her

husband must be at least 60.
The reason is that low-energy radiation is

absorbed and distorted by water vapor in
the Earth's atmosphere.
Giving a misleading or false
distort verb 왜곡하다 203
account or impression
The article gave a distorted picture of his

childhood.
Traditional telescopes allow astronomers to

(빛・열・ view objects in space thanks to the modern
to produce and discharge telescopes, those objects emit, reflect.
가스・소리
emit verb (something, especially or 203
등을) 내다 radiation)
[내뿜다]
A lot of factories emit poisons into the air.
interpret verb 설명[해석] Explain the meaning of A massive supercomputer had to be installed 205
하다. (information or actions) on-site to coordinate their movements and
interpret the signals received.
37
The data can be interpreted in many

different ways.
The year before, with only 16 antennas in

operation researchers led Caltech's Joaquin
Vieira had used ALMA to view 26 distant
가동[운용/ working, being used or having galaxies.
in operation phrase 205
사용] 중인 an effect
The system has been in operation for 6

months.
(특정한 The signal can be strengthened by

위치에) positioning the antenna on a site with very
dry air.
두다[
to put(something or someone)
position verb 배치하다], 203
in a particular position
…의 자리를 Large television screens were positioned at

잡다 either end of the stadium.
Setting the dishes up to work together

required astonishing precision.
정확성, the quality of being
precision noun reproducible in amount or 205
정밀성 performance
He work was carried out with military
precision.
Prototype antennas were redesigned after

testing in New Mexico.
prototype noun 원형 a standard or typical example 205
Pilots have begun testing a prototype of the

new aircraft.
10B Element Hunters
In the late 1800s, the Russian chemist and

inventor Dmitry Mendeleyev by mass-the
scientific term for weight-and other
attributes in his periodic table of the
a quality or feature that
noun 자질,속성 elements. 213
attribute someone or something has
Patience is one of the most important

attributes in a teacher.
38
Neutrons-electrically neutral particles that

outnumber the protons-help bind the
to cause to stick together; nucleus together.
bind verb 묶다 215
to combine with
She was bound to a chair.
The protons in an atomic nucleus are always

the property of matter trying to tear it apart; their positive electric
responsible for electrical charges repel one another.
charge noun 담당 215
phenomena, existing in a
positive or negative form
I am in charge of the Personnel Department.
But beyond 106, the collisions were so

energetic that they were ripping the new
충돌 (
a crash in which two or more nucleus apart before it even formed.
collision noun 사고), 216
people or things hit each other
부딪침
Two cars were involved in a collision.
His American counterpart, Glenn Seaborg,

returned to Berkeley after helping to
engineer the bomb that the United States
상대, 대응
someone or something that military dropped on Nagasaki at the end of
관계에
noun has the same job or purpose as the war. 215
counterpart 있는 사람 another
[것]
The Foreign Minister held talks with his
Chinese counterpart.
Although those short-lived elements died

within hours, the tense disputes over who
made them first were fueled by the
competitive atmosphere of the Cold War.
분쟁, 분규;
dispute noun a serious disagreement 215
논란, 논쟁
He proposed a negotiated settlement of the
outstanding disputes between the two
countries
No newly discovered element is officially

recognized until another laboratory can
복사[복제] duplicate the experiment.
duplicate verb make or do or perform again 216
하다
The video was duplicated illegally.
39
In the end, a spirit of compromise prevailed:

Element 105 was named dubnium and
승리하다 to defeat an opponent,
element 106 seaborgium.
prevail verb especially in a long or difficult 215
[이기다] contest
Justice will prevail over tyranny
Meanwhile, theorists had given a new

purpose to the quest for elements.
a long and difficult effort to
quest noun 탐구, 탐색 215
find or do something
The Long Quest Ends in Success.
It wasn't a very trustworthy piece of

machinery, and it required constant
신뢰할[ able to be relied on to do or attention.
trustworthy adj. 믿을] 수 provide what is needed or 216
있는 right
All employees working in my company are
very trustworthy.
40
Unit 11: Cultural Encounters
11A The World of Suleyman the Magnificent
He held absolute power over his

people, with the right of instant death
over any subject.
absolute adj. 완전한, 완벽한 perfect or complete or pure 227
I have absolute confidence in her.
The Venetian ambassador’s glowing,

and no doubt somewhat biased,
description is perhaps understandable
considering the spectacular show that
편향된, prejudiced in a particular
adj. was put on to welcome visitors to the 228
biased 선입견이 있는 direction
Ottoman capital.
Judgment is often biased by interest.
After the siege of Rhodes, Suleyman

consoles the knights' leader for his
loss, praises his brave defense, then
(비밀을) to tell secrets or private confides to a follower:
confide verb 228
털어놓다 information to someone
She confided all her secrets to her

best friend.
After the siege of Rhodes, Suleyman

consoles the knights' leader for his
loss, praises his brave defense, then
위로하다, to lessen the feeling of loss; confides to a follower:
console verb 228
위안을 주다 to comfort someone
Nothing could console him when his

wife died.
consult verb 상담하다 to ask for advice He was also pious, consulting 228
theologians on crucial decisions; just,
allowing no corruption or injustice to
go unpunished; and usually, fair.
If the pain continues, consult your
41
doctor.
Yet, even among this hierarchy of

great leaders, one ruler arguably
a system ranking persons or
(특히 사회나 stood taller than the rest:
things; an organization with
hierarchy noun 조직 내의) 계급 226
different levels of
[계층] importance
She's quite high up in the
management hierarchy.
Of his private life-his attitudes and

his thoughts-we can infer very little.
to form an idea based on
infer verb 추론하다 228
partial information
It is reasonable to infer that the
government knew about these deals.
Their descendants would look back

a feeling that is caused by
on it with pride and nostalgia.
remembering something
nostalgia noun 향수 from the past; a wistful 229
desire to return to a former
She is filled with nostalgia for her
time in one’s life
own college days.
The 16th century was an age notable

for the overlapping reigns of giant
the period during which a historical figures:
(왕의) 통치
reign noun king, queen, emperor, etc. is 225
기간, 치세 ruler of a country
Queen Victoria's reign reached into
the 20th country.
Three weeks after the emperor's

death, the sultan's successor was
announced, and Selim, the son of
Suleyman and his queen Roxelana
후임자, 계승자; a person who replaces (see below), became the new Sultal
successor noun 229
계승하는 것 someone else Selim ll.
Who's the likely successor to him as

party leader
11B When the Moors Ruled Spain
(법 등을) 개정 Then the clergy persuaded Emperor

amend verb to add or change something Charles V to raise a cathedral in its 239
[수정]하다
midst, despite strong protests from
42
city leaders who felt that amending

the building in this way would violate
its sanctity.
He asked to see the amended

version.
They have been abused by squatters,

eroded by neglect, and suffered
various appendages, including a
massive addition built during the
something connected or
Renaissance by Charles V.
appendage noun 부속물 joined to a larger or more 239
important thing
The Secretary says that the Balkans is

not just some appendage of Europe
but they are a huge portion of Europe.
Empirical studies of algebra and

mathematics by al-Khwarizmi; and
the Canon of lbn Sina(Avicenna),
경험[실험]에 which remained Europe's standard
based on knowledge or
adj. 의거한, medical textbook for 500 years. 237
empirical experience in the real world
실증적인
There is no empirical evidence to

support his thesis.
In 1085, it fell to Alfonso VI of

Castile and Leon, who thereby
initiated the Reconquista-the
개시되게 하다, Reconquista of Spain by the
verb to start something Christians, 237
initiate
착수시키다
The government has initiated a

program of economic reform.
The integrity of the Alhambra

endures nonetheless, a sublime
진실성, 온전함, completeness; strength of Moorish mix of artifact and nature.
integrity noun 239
character
완전한 상태
He never had his equal for integrity.
invoke verb 간구[기원]하다 to call upon in prayer; Before us is the enemy; behind us, the 236
sea, “shouted Tariq, drawing his
to bring something to mind
scimitar and invoking Allah for his
43
blessing and support.
I invoke my right to be silent.
For several centuries after Toledo's

recapture, the city remained liberal,
자유민주적인 tolerant, and bilingual.
believing that people should
liberal adj. 237
have freedom to act or think
진보적인
Some politicians want more liberal
trade relations with Europe.
They waged war against Moorish

rulers to the south and persecuted
(특히 인종・
to treat people unfairly Muslims and Jews in their own lands.
종교・정치적
persecute verb because of their race or 237
이유로) beliefs
박해하다 Throughout history, people have been
persecuted for their religious beliefs.
Mosques and synagogues have been

restored and splendid palaces opened
to the public-museums to display
정말 좋은, very impressive and
adj. Toledo's abundant cultural heritage. 237
splendid 훌륭한 beautiful
We've all had a splendid time.
Then the clergy persuaded Emperor

Charles V to raise a cathedral in its
midst, despite strong protests from
(법・합의 등을) city leaders who felt that amending
위반하다[ to disturb, damage, or treat the building in this way would violate
violate verb 어기다], 239
something disrespectfully its sanctity.
침해하다
She accused the press photographers

of violating her privacy.
44
Unit 12: Precious Resources
12A Gold Fever
The importance of gold is most

obvious during the springtime festival
of Akshaya Tritiya, considered the
most auspicious day to buy gold
auspicious adj. 상서로운 likely to be successful 252
according to the Hindu calendar.
The air here is quite auspicious!.
As the family members convene,

Nagavi walks slowly out of her home,
trying to keep her balance as she
tosses rice over her head in a
(회의 등을)
verb to come together traditional gesture of farewell. 253
convene 소집하다
A Board of Inquiry was convened

immediately after the accident.
By the time the gold supplies at Baty

Hijau have been depleted, the pit will
대폭 be about 450 meters (1,500 feet)
to reduce something by a
감소시키다 below sea level.
deplete verb large amount so that there is 249
not enough left
[격감시키다]
Food supplies were severely
depleted.
It is considered inappropriate for a

groom's family to make explicit
demands.
explicit adj. 분명한, 명쾌한 clear and direct 253
He gave me very explicit directions

on how to get there.
file verb 보관하다, to submit to be placed on It has also come under attack from 250
record by the appropriate conservationists, who have filed
제출하다 authority complaints about unrestrained
ecological destruction and the forced
relocation of villagers.
45
You didn't forget to file your copy?
The girl's middle name? Higrid the

Indonesian approximation of "high-
grade," the best ore in the mine.
the level or quality of
grade noun (상품의) 품질 253
something
All the materials used were of the

highest grade.
Nur Piah's job is not without its

hardships.
hardship noun 어려움[곤란] pain and suffering 253
People suffered many hardships

during that long winter.
The eldest daughter of a coffee

plantation owner in the southern
Indian state of Karnatake, Nagavi
grew up marveling at the weddings
(조직체・ the combination of two or that mark the merger of two wealthy
merger noun 253
사업체의) 합병 more groups or companies Indian families.
I won't have to worry about her

scuttling the merger.
Aside from extravagance, gold is also

reprising its role as a safe haven in
a repeated part of financially unstable times.
(특히 음악에서)
reprise noun something, especially a 250
반복 부분 piece of music
The show could have a reprise later
this year.
But it has also come under attack

from conservationists, who have filed
complaints about unrestrained
ecological destruction and the forced
억제되지 않은,
adj. not controlled or limited relocation of villagers. 250
unrestrained 거리낌 없는
It was an unrestrained attack on

workers.
46
12B The Rush for White Gold
Lithium, essential to our battery-

fueled world, is also the key to
assure somebody of the truth Bolivia’s future, the vice president
장담하다, of something with the assures me.
assure verb 259
확언하다 intention of giving the
listener confidence
Excellent reviews have assured the
film’s success.
This demonstrates our commitment

to the environment.
the trait of sincere and
commitment noun 헌신 262
steadfast fixity of purpose
Our company has a commitment to
quality and customer service.
That by exploiting its lithium

reserves, the government of Bolivia
envisions a pathway out of its
draw from; make good use economic misfortune.
exploit verb 이용하다 260
of
We need to do a better job of

exploiting our natural resources.
Here and there solitary people

wander about, gazing into what the
having no limits or Bolivian vice president calls “the
adj. 무한한 boundaries in time or space infinite table of snowy white.” 259
infinite
or extent or magnitude
The universe is infinite.
Quesada proceeded to build the first

of several hotels made almost entirely
…으로 out of blocks of salt in Colchani.
to continue to do something
proceed (to) 나아가다, 260
that has been started
…에 이르다
With your authorization, we will proc
eed to make the necessary repairs
revelation noun 발현, 계시 an enlightening or When he beheld the Salar, he 260

astonishing disclosure experienced a revelation.
That is a revelation and it is extraord
47
inary, frankly.
Quesada was searching for a tourist
destination to rival Lake Titicaca.
rival verb 필적하다 260

The prince built
a vast palace, rivalling Versailles
in size
No pitch about lithium as Bolivia’s

economic salvation is complete
without addressing the source of that
an event, experience etc. that lithium.
salvation noun 구원 is considered to be a 259
message from God
The Internet turned out to be the

salvation of the company.
Though the Bolivian government

insists that 90 percent of the water it
uses will come from salt water rather
be equal to in quality or than underground, some experts are
skeptical adj. 회의적인 262
ability skeptical.
He was humane and yet skeptical.
One version of Tesla Model S runs

on a battery pack with about 65
kilograms of lithium compounds.
an interpretation of a matter
version noun 형태, 버전 260
from a particular viewpoint
The company will soon release the
latest version of its network
operating system.
48

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READING EXPLORER 3RD_LEVEL_5

Unit 1: Rise and Fall

1A Secrets of the Maya

Word Meaning (K) Meaning (E) Sentence Page

He stood in front of an altar praying

The Maya plant corn or a milpa, a

We must redefine what constitutes a

Chaak’s absence can cause disasters

Very gentle rain to allow the planted

A crew of Maya farmers is working

One day, inspecting the walls of the

The teacher walked around inspecting

It looks like a cathedral, except for the

The day before, they realized, a beam

거꾸러지다. The train left the track and plunged

He was astonished to find a natural

They offered sacrifices to the gods.

Whenever there is enough soil, the

1B The Collapse of Angkor

Overflow channels bled off excess water

Complaints must be made through the

These enable the city to keep scarce water

The crowd dispersed quickly.

This may have doomed the city when sea

You have to admire the ingenuity.

Scholars have come up with a list of

Angkor's hydraulic system was an

Cambodia's civil war the brutal regime of

The regime was under the dominion of

Angkor was powerful largely thanks to an

turned Angkor into a no-go zone for two

Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.

It was very subversive, just like

He was engaged in subversive activities.

Unit 2: High Achievers

2A The Sky Runner

Word Meaning (K) Meaning (E) Sentence Page

She had never run 50 kilometers

Careless use of the clutch may damage

Rai, however, remains humble.

It becomes a struggle, not merely a

We’re merely good friends.

Against all odds, she beat everyone.

the likelihood of a thing occurring

It’s still at a snail’s pace and has a long

Public spending continues to rise at a

I became more determined, motivated,

persistent adj. 끈질긴, 집요한 never-ceasing 33

If she hadn’t been so persistent she

I have been providing guidance to men

She plans to pursue a career in

It’s hard to find good role models for

It’s very rural round here, isn’t it?

Running is no issue, but breaking

The grit and joy she embodies

We are open every weekend

2B The Free Soloist

contrived by art rather than The very essence of alpinism was to

ascend verb 오르다, to travel up Alex researched several El Capitan 42

Alex was secretly contemplating a

This part must be mastered with a

The delicate operation took more than