MSP430 Σ-Δ ADC FAQ & application

of battery monitoring/management

MSP Apps

1
Agenda
• Sigma-Delta ADC introduction
• MSP Sigma-Delta ADC features
• Solutions with MSP Sigma-Delta ADC
• Related links

2
Sigma-Delta ADC introduction

3
ADC selection questions
• Input voltage range?
• Max input frequency?
• Resolution?
• Differential inputs?
• Reference range?
• Multiple channels?

4
ADC architectures overview
• Delta Sigma (ΔΣ) or Sigma Delta (SD)
– Oversampling
– Digital filtering
• Successive Approximation (SAR)
– Sampling
– Using iteration
• Pipeline
– Undersampling
– Leveraging sample/gain algorithm topology
– Using multiple stages

5
SD ADC overview – simplified

Sigma Delta ADC

Modulator Decimator
Analog Digital
Input (analog) (digital) Output

6
SD ADC conversion process

7
Modulator structure overview

8
Modulator – Input and output signal
Input Signal Output Signal

Time domain

Frequency domain

9
Reduce noise methods

Higher-order modulators: Higher oversampling rates:

Signal

10
Move to the digital decimator filter

11
Digital decimator filter Overview

12
Digital filter output (Sinc3)

13
Decimator digital output

14
MSP Sigma-Delta ADC features

15
MSP430 Sigma-Delta ADC product portfolio
MSP430F471x6/x7 MSP430F677x/A(F676x/A) MSP430F6764x/A
Industrial
Comm. &

3-phase

Polyphase SoC Class 0.2 Meterology Class 0.5 Meterology

(6/7) 16 bit ΣΔ converters (6/7) 24-bit ΣΔ converters (4) 24-bit ΣΔ converters

Up to 120KB Flash, 512KB Flash 128KB Flash,
8KB RAM 32KB RAM 8KB RAM
160 Segment LCD 320 Segment LCD 320 Segment LCD
AES Encryption HW
Single-phase

MSP430F673x/A(F672x/A) MSP430F674x/A
Residential

MSP430F471x3
Class 0.2 Metrology Class 0.2 Meterology
Polyphase SoC
SoC

(2/3) 24-bit ΣΔ converters (4) 24-bit ΣΔ converters

(3) 16 bit ΣΔ converters
128KB Flash, 512KB Flash,
Up to 120KB Flash,
8KB RAM 32KB RAM
8KB RAMz
320 Segment LCD 320 Segment LCD
160 Segment LCD
Rogowski coil support AES Encryption HW

Description:
•
Single-phase

MSP430FE42x
Metrology front end
MSP430AFE2xx
Metrology front end
MSP430i20xx
Meterology Front End
MSP430F6xxx : Add AES-128
(3) 16-bit ΣΔ converters (3) 24-bit ΣΔ converters
Class 0.5 Meterology • MSP430F6xxxA:Improved ESD
32KB Flash 16KB Flash ( 2/3/4) 24-bit ΣΔ converters • MSP430F6xxx1: None
AFE

64-pin TSSOP 24-pin TSSOP Up to 32KB Flash

105deg support
28-pin TSSOP&32-pin QFN
• MSP430F6xxx1A:Improved ESD

16
MSP Sigma-Delta ADC Feature Comparison
Parameter SD16 SD16_A CTSD16 SD24_A SD24_B SD24 SDHS
F20x3
F(G)42x0 FR50xx
MSP430 F(E)42x(A) FG6x2x AFE2xx F67xx(1)(A) i20xx
F(G)47x FR60xx
F47(1)xx

Number of ADCs 1, 3 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 1 1, 2, 3 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 2, 3, 4 1

Modulator freq range 0.5 to 1 MHz 0.03 to 1.1 MHz 1.024 MHz 0.03 to 1.1 MHz 0.03 to 2.3 MHz 1.024 MHz 68 to 80 MHz
OSR range 32 to 256 32 to 1024 32 to 256 32 to 1024 1 to 1024 32 to 256 10 to 160
Maximum data rate 31.25 kHz 34.375 kHz 32 kHz 34.375 kHz 2.3 MHz 32 kHz 8 MHz
Maximum full-scale range
±500 mV ±500 mV ±928 mV ±500 mV ±930 mV ±928 mV ±500 mV
(FSR)
PGA range 1 to 32 1 to 32 1 to 16 1 to 32 1 to 128 1 to 16 0.5 to 34.5
Internal short for PGA offset
YES YES YES YES YES NO NO
measurement
Integrated buffer(s) NO YES YES NO NO NO NO
Grouped ADC channels YES YES YES YES YES YES NO
Synchronization with external
modules (for example, SAR NO NO NO NO YES NO NO
ADC)
Modulator order Second-order Second-order Second-order Second-order Second-order Second-order Third-order
CIC7 (stage 1)
Type of digital filter(s) SINC3 SINC3 SINC3 SINC3 SINC3 SINC3
CIC1 (stage 2)
Architecture Discrete-Time Discrete-Time Continuous-Time Discrete-Time Discrete-Time Continuous-Time Discrete-Time
17
MSP430i20xx – SD24 overview
• Features
– Second-order sigma-delta architecture
– Up to four independent simultaneously
sampling ADCs (device dependent)
– Fixed 1.024-MHz modulator input
frequency
– Software selectable internal or external
voltage reference
– Software selectable temperature sensor
accessible by all channels
– PGA values: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
– OSR values: 32, 64, 128, 256

18
MSP430F67xxA – SD24_B overview
• Features
– Second-order sigma-delta architecture
– Up to seven independent simultaneously
sampling ADCs (device dependent)
– Flexible internal modulator input
frequency (30-kHz to 2.3-MHz)
– *Optional external modulator input
frequency (up to 25-MHz)
– PGA values: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
– OSR values: 1 to 1024

*See this E2E thread for more details 19

MSP430F67xxA – SD24_B overview (cont.)
• Features (cont.)
– Software selectable internal or external voltage reference

20
How do I calculate Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)?
• MSP430 datasheets specify signal-to-noise + distortion ratio (SINAD) values
• SINAD improves with lower GAIN and higher OSR values
• Covert SINAD to ENOB

𝑆𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐷 − 1.76 87 𝑑𝐵 − 1.76

𝐸𝑁𝑂𝐵 = 𝐸𝑁𝑂𝐵 = 𝐸𝑁𝑂𝐵 = ~14 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠
6.02 𝑑𝐵 6.02 𝑑𝐵
21
How do I calculate the sampling frequency?
• Sampling frequency (fS) depends on:
1. Modulation frequency (fM)
a. Clock source (e.g. MCLK, SMCLK)
b. Clock divider options
2. Oversampling rate (OSR)
𝑓𝑀
𝑓𝑆 =
𝑂𝑆𝑅

22
How do I select the correct PGA gain setting?
• What is PGA? Programmable Gain Amplifier
• Each gain setting supports inputs below its
max differential input voltage (VID+/-)

GAIN 1 2 ••• 128

Hmmm…
What GAIN setting? VFS+
VID+

𝑉𝐼𝐷+/− = 0.8 × 𝑉𝐹𝑆+/−

VIN 0V

+/−𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹
𝑉𝐹𝑆+/− =
𝐺𝐴𝐼𝑁𝑃𝐺𝐴
VID-
VFS- 23
Solutions with MSP Sigma-Delta ADC

25
Where can use MSP430 Sigma-Delta ADC
• 1. Detect Signals with positive and negative voltage input
– E-meter
– Power monitor
• 2. Detection high precision signals with positive voltage input
– Battery monitor
– Field transmitter
– Gas detector

26
 Solution 1: E-Meters / power monitoring

Residential Electric Vehicle charger: Residential smart meter:

27
Configuring MCU and sensors using EMDC GUI
EMDC demo

MCU and Sensor MCU and Sensor Parameter Selection

Selection Configuration with Estimated CPU Load 28
 High-performance Low-cost

MSP430 metering EVMs

High-performance

Low-cost

EVM430-i2040S EVM430-F6736 EVM430-F6779 EVM430-F67641

MCU MCU MCU MCU

MSP430i2041 MSP430F6736A MSP430F6779A MSP430F67641A

Phase(s) Phase(s) Phase(s) Phase(s)

Single Single Three Three

Current Sensor(s) Current Sensor(s) Current Sensor(s) Current Sensor(s)

Shunt Current Transformer (CT) 3 CTs 3 CTs
29
MSP430 metering devices
Family CPU Type Accuracy Phases SD ADCs LCD AUX Temp

i20xx 16.384 MHz Low cost Class 1(%) 1 to 2 2 to 4 No No 105°C

F673xA
Up to 25 MHz Performance Class 0.2(%) 1 2 to 3 Yes Yes 85°C
F672xA
F677xA
F676xA Up to 25 MHz Performance Class 0.2(%) 1 to 3 4 to 7 Yes Yes 85°C
F674xA
F676x1A* Up to 25 MHz Low cost Class 0.5(%) 1 to 3 3 Yes Yes 85°C

*Not supported by EMDC

30
 Solution 2: Battery monitor
What is a Battery monitor?
Measures battery voltage and current flow into & out of a battery bank and uses these measurements
to accurately track the amount of charge left in the battery bank.

lithium battery

Battery monitor Lead-acid battery

(high energy/power density)

Other classifications:
• System side-Battery side
• Multi cells
Super capacitor • Industry/Auto
32
MCU selection guide for battery monitors
Parameter MSP430i20xx MSP430AFE2xx

Supply Voltage 2.2 ~ 3.6V 2.2 ~ 3.6V

Temperature - 40 ~ 105c - 40 ~ 85c
CPU-Freq/MHz 16 16
NVM: FRAM(KB) 32 / 16 16 / 8 / 4
SRAM (KB) 2/1 0.5 / 0.2
24-bit ADC 4/3/2 3/2/1
Timer 1 1
I2C 1 0
• MSP value propositions SPI 2 1
– Lower power dissipation UART 1 1
– High resolution ADC
I/O 16 / 12 11

Package 32VQFN / 28TSSOP 24TSSOP

33
 Solution 3: Field transmitter
What is a Field transmitter?
Used to measure and control process variables such as flow, temperature, pressure, weight, etc.

Temperature transmitter: Pressure transmitter:

34
MCU selection guide for field transmitters
Parameter MSP430i20xx MSP430AFE2xx

Supply Voltage 2.2 ~ 3.6V 2.2 ~ 3.6V

Temperature - 40 ~ 105c - 40 ~ 85c
CPU-Freq/MHz 16 16
MSP430
NVM: FRAM(KB) 32 / 16 16 / 8 / 4
SRAM (KB) 2/1 0.5 / 0.2
24-bit ADC 4/3/2 3/2/1
Timer 1 1
I2C 1 0
• MSP value propositions SPI 2 1
– Lower power dissipation UART 1 1
– High resolution ADC
I/O 16 / 12 11

Package 32VQFN / 28TSSOP 24TSSOP

35
Solution 4: Gas detector
Residential gas
detector

Industry portable
Gas detector
gas detector

Industry fixable
gas detector

37
MCU selection guide for gas detector
Parameter MSP430i20xx MSP430AFE2xx

Supply Voltage 2.2 ~ 3.6V 2.2 ~ 3.6V

Temperature - 40 ~ 105c - 40 ~ 85c
CPU-Freq/MHz 16 16
NVM: FRAM(KB) 32 / 16 16 / 8 / 4
SRAM (KB) 2/1 0.5 / 0.2
24-bit ADC 4/3/2 3/2/1
Timer 1 1
I2C 1 0
• MSP value propositions SPI 2 1
– Lower power dissipation
UART 1 1
– Internal SD24 with differential PGA inputs for high
resolution measurement) I/O 16 / 12 11

Package 32VQFN / 28TSSOP 24TSSOP

38
MCU selection guide for gas detector
Parameter MSP430FR215x/ MSP430FR247x
MSP430FR235x
Supply Voltage 1.8 ~ 3.6V 1.8 ~ 3.6V
Temperature - 40 ~ 105c - 40 ~ 105c
CPU-Freq/MHz 24 16
NVM: FRAM(KB) 32 / 16 64 / 32
SRAM (KB) 4/2 8/4
12-bit ADC Channels 12 12

eCOMP 2 1
Timer 4 5
I2C 2 2
• MSP value propositions SPI 4 4
– Mixed-Signal MCU (MCU + DAC + OPA) UART 2 2
– Lower power dissipation
I/O 34 / 36/ 44 27 / 35 / 43
– FRAM for high performance data logging
– TI design for 4-mA current loop(TIDM-01000) Package 38TSSOP / 40 VQFN / 32VQFN /40VQFN
48LQFP / 48LQFP
– MSP430FR2355 have four 12-bit DAC + OPA Combo
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Related links

42
Resources (Document)
Title
ADCs
Data converters
How delta-sigma ADCs work, Part 1
How delta-sigma ADCs work, Part 2
High-Speed, Analog-to-Digital
Converter Basics
Answers to Common Sigma-Delta
ADC Questions on MSP MCUs
Type Description
TI Precision Labs Training videos, quizzes, exercises
TI Learning Center Training videos, technical articles,
PDFs
Applications Journal Modulator topology and function
Applications Journal Decimation filter topology and function
Application Report Terminology, advanced topics
Application Report MSP430 SD ADC overview
43
 Resources (TI Design)
TI Design Name Product MCU Value Proposition / Features utilized
TIDM-3PHMETER-ROGOWSKI : Implementation of a 3ph. Rogowski Coil based Watt F6779A 7 ΣΔ 24bit ADC, Rogowski Coil Sensor support Meterology software
hour Meter (http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu474/tidu474.pdf)
TIDM-Single Phase Meter : Class 0.2 Accuracy F6736 Single Chip, RTC with Sep. VBat
(http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa517c/slaa517c.pdf)
TIDM-Three Phase Meter : Class 0.2 Accuracy F6779 Single Chip (7 SD24s), RTC :Sep Vbat & Tamper Detect IO
(http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa577f/slaa577f.pdf)
TIDM-Three Phase Meter : Class 0.5 Accuracy F67641 Low Cost Solution, RTC with Sep. Vbat
(http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa621b/slaa621b.pdf)
TIDC-3PHMTR-WIFIXR : Implementing Simple link WiFi Connectivity in a Smart Electric F67791 7 - ΣΔ 24bit ADC for 3ph. Measurements, Large 320segment Display for WiFi
Meter (http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu520/tidu520.pdf) parameters
TIDM-TWOPHASEMETER-I2040 : Low Cost Two Phase Electric Meter I2041, 4 - ΣΔ 24bit ADC, Metrology & Host MCU Isolated communication
(http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu482/tidu482.pdf) F6638
TIDM-AUX-MODULE : Battery Management and Auxiliary Power Supply Options for E- F67791A Sep. Power Supply and Automatic Time Capture of External Events for Tamper
Meters ( http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu452/tidu452.pdf) Detection
TIDM-3OUTSMTSTRP : Three Output Smart Power Strip i2041 4 - ΣΔ 24bit ADC, Small Form Factor, Individual power and current of Three Socket
(http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu453/tidu453.pdf) Outlets
TIDM-SERVER-PWR-MON : Single Phase and DC Embedded Metering (Server Power i2040 4 - ΣΔ 24bit ADC, No ext. Crystal, Small Form Factor
Monitor) (http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu454a/tidu454a.pdf)
TIDC-SmartPlug-Wifi : Smart Plug with Remote Disconnect and WiFi Connectivity i2040 4 - ΣΔ 24bit ADC, small form factor, Better than class 0.5 accuracy
(http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu531/tidu531.pdf)
TIDM-MSP430AFE253 – Sub Meter EVM AFE253 Simple evaluation system with PC, Metrology Library
(http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa494a/slaa494a.pdf)
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Q&A

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