Discovering

RockCycle
Al Angel Chelsea P. Tinga
 What is a rock?
In geology, rock is a naturally
occurring and coherent
aggregate of one or more
minerals. These aggregates form
the basic unit of the solid Earth
and typically create recognizable
and mappable volumes.
 The three types
of rocks: Igneous
Rocks

e n t a r y R o c k s
S e d i m

M e t a m o r p h i c
R o c k s
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks form when magma (molten rock) cools
and crystallizes, either at volcanoes on the surface of
the Earth or while the melted rock is still inside the
crust.
Cooling and crystallization of magma.
 volcanic
eruption

cooling and
crystallization
extrusive of magma
igneous rock
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed on or near the Earth’s surface.
The most important geological processes that lead to the
creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering,
dissolution, precipitation, and lithification.
Erosion and weathering include the effects of wind and rain,
which slowly break down large rocks into smaller ones. These
are called sediments.
 weathering and
soil erosion

huge
surface
rocks
an example of a
sedimentary rock
Metamorphic Rocks
Is any of a class of rocks that result from the alteration of
preexisting rocks in response to changing environmental
conditions, such as variations in temperature, pressure, and
mechanical stress, and the addition or subtraction of chemical
components.
Undergoes metamorphism which means “to change form.“ A
rock undergoes metamorphism if it is exposed to extreme heat
and pressure within the crust.
 phism
amor
Met
If enough heat and pressure are applied to a
rock, it will eventually reach its melting
point and turn into magma.
Magma is the liquid or molten rock found
beneath Earth's surface. Magma forms when
rocks melt. Thus continuing the cycle.
 It takes temperatures
between 600 and 1,300
degrees Celsius (1,100 and
2,400 degrees Fahrenheit)
to melt rock, turning it
into a substance called
magma (molten rock).
The Rock
Cycle
 References
National Geographic, “The Rock Cycle”
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/rock-
cycle
Wheeling Jesuit University, April 28, 2005, “Cycles”
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.ht
ml
Annenberg Learner, “Rock Cycle Interactive”
https://www.learner.org/series/interactive-rock-cycle/
Steven Earle, “The Rock Cycle”
https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/3-1-the-rock-cycle/
ThoughtCo., “Rock Cycle Diagram”
https://www.thoughtco.com/rock-cycle-diagram-1441183
Thought-provoking
questions
I. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Rocks that are formed by volcanoes

a. Igneous b. Sedimentary c. Metamorphic d. magma

2. When rocks are pushed deep under the Earth's surface, they melt into _______?
a. Magma b. Rock Cycle c. Crystallization d. Erosion

3. Rocks that are made from lithified sediments

a. sedimentary b. igneous c. Rock Cycle d. metamorphic

4. Grains of rocks, minerals, or mineraloids deposited on the earth’s surface?

a. Sediments b. rocks c. Basalt d. minerals
5. Transforms existing rock (the protolith) into rock with a different mineral composition or
texture.
a. Plate Tectonics b. Metamorphism c. Rock Cycle d. Magma
II.
6.-8. Give the three main rock types
9.-10. Give at least two processes that contribute to the rock cycle.
Thank You for
listening!

:)