A rock is an aggregate of one

or more minerals.

Rocks that contain

metal Building Block of
rocks
study of the origin, history, occurrence, structure, chemical
composition, and classification of rocks

Rocks from space that land on earth

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IGNEOUS ROCKS OR MAGMATIC ROCKS

The word igneous comes from the Latin word

ignis which means “fire.”

All igneous rocks began as magma (molten

rock) which cooled and crystallized into
minerals.

LAVA--Molten rock on earth’s surface.

 IGNEOUS ROCKS

TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

INTRUSIVE or PLUTONIC IGNEOUS

ROCKS
 IGNEOUS ROCKS
GRANITE
one of the most important rocks in the crust.

Most common rock type.

BASALT
usually dark-colored, hard, fine-grained and with high specific
gravity.

Most abundant type of igneous rock

 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Type of rocks that cover most of the continent.

Sediments are deposited when weathered rock is moved

from one place to another by the wind, running water, the
sea or glaciers. That process is called EROSION.

WEATHERING--Process where rocks are disintegrating

 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
LITHIFICATION
a process of cementing soft, unconsolidated sediments into hard rocks

DEPOSITION
when rocks are fragmented into tiny bits, these bits are carried or transported to lying
areas. When the river reaches a lake or sea, the transported rock pieces settle at the
bottom.

SEDIMENTATION
the deposited sediments that build up in strata.
 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
COMPACTION
is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments

CEMENTATION
takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the
sediments.
 METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic rocks are igneous,

sedimentary, or pre-existing metamorphic
rocks that have been changed by great
pressures and temperatures within the crust
and upper mantle of the Earth.
 METAMORPHIC ROCKS

In geology, nothing is forever, everything changes. Metamorphic

rocks get their name from “meta” (change) and “morph” (form).

Type of rocks present at a boundary near tectonic plates

Kind of rock that is formed by the process lithifaction

 METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic rocks are igneous,

sedimentary, or pre-existing metamorphic
rocks that have been changed by great
pressures and temperatures within the crust
and upper mantle of the Earth.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS