THE

CLASSIFICATION
OF ROCKS
PRESENTED BY GROUP 4: CARL, RICA, MERLO, JAYMAR,
JULIUS & ERIC
SO WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS

Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

IGNEOUS ROCKS
Igneous rock, or magmatic rock is one of three rock
types. Igneous originating from the latin word igni or ignis
meaning fire.

Igneous rocks form when magma or molten rock cools and

crystallizes, either at volcanoes on the surface of the Earth or
while the melted rock is still inside the crust.
All magma develops underground, in the lower crust or
upper mantle, because of the intense heat there.

Igneous rocks can have many different compositions,

depending on the magma they cool from. They can also look
different based on their cooling conditions. For example, two
rocks from identical magma can become either rhyolite
or granite, depending on whether they cool quickly or slowly.
 THE TWO TYPES OF IGNEOUS
ROCK’S
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
ROCKS Examples:
INTRUSIVE igneous rocks are those large
bodies of igneous rocks formed from the
crystallization and hardening of hot molten
magma underneath the Earth's surface at
some depth. It does not reach the surface. It
contains different mineral grains. As the
magma rises upwards towards the surface, it
cools slowly and gets enough time to
form larger crystals. These crystals are
visible to our naked eyes. This solidification
process takes about thousands to million Granite
Diorite
years to complete. Intrusive igneous rocks
are also commonly considered plutonic
rocks. BOTH ARE USED AS BUILDING
MATERIAL
EXTRUSIVE
IGNEOUS ROCKS
 Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on the surface of
the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged
from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed
from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of
the planet.
When lava comes out of a volcano and solidifies into
extrusive igneous rock, also called volcanic, the rock
cools very quickly. Crystals inside solid volcanic rocks
are small because they do not have much time to form
until the rock cools all the way, which stops the crystal
growth. These fine-grained rocks are known
as aphanitic—from a Greek word meaning “invisible.”
They are given this name because the crystals that form
within them are so small that they can be seen only with
a microscope. If lava cools almost instantly, the rocks
that form are glassy with no individual crystals, like
obsidian.
EXAMPLES OF EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
ROCKS ARE:

Obsidian: used for Pumice: used for

ornamet’s lightweight concrete
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Sedimentary rocks form from the
compaction and cementation of
sediments.

Sediments are fragments of rock that’s

been broken down as a result of a process
called weathering.
SEDIMENTS VARY ACCORDING
TO THEIR SIZE
The different types of sedimentary rocks

CLASTIC

ORGANIC/ CRYLSTALINE
 Examples: conglomerate
CLASTIC ROCKS
Clastic rocks or INORGANIC LAND-DERIVED
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are composed of fragments,
or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock.

A clast is a fragment of geological debris, chunks

and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks due
to physical weathering.

Sandstone
Breccia
CLASTIC = COMPACTED OR
CEMENTED SEDIMENTS
ORGANIC &
CRYSTALLINE
Chemically or organically formed sedimentary rocks
CRYSTALLIN
composed of rocks having formed from a

E
chemical reaction in a solution or from
evaporation or precipitation.

ORGANIC
Rocks formed from the lithification of
sediments from the remnant’s of plants
and animals.
METAMORPHIC

ROCK
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
Metamorphic rocks started out as some
other type of rock, but have been
substantially changed from their original
igneous, sedimentary, or earlier
metamorphic form.

Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are

subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot
mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly,
some combination of these factors.
THE TWO TYPES OF METAMOPHISM
CONTACT
METAMORPHISM

REGIONAL
METAMORPHISM
Contact metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism also called thermal
metamorphism happens when rock is
heated up by an intrusion of hot magma.
REGIONAL METAMORPHISM
Regional metamorphism changes in rocks over a large areas due to
increases in temperature and pressure