UNIT-2

AI APPLICATIONS

 Virtual Assistant :

An AI virtual assistant also called as AI assistant or digital assistant. It is an application

program that understands Natural language voice commands and completes tasks for the
user.

 The Virtual assistant perform as a secretary, include taking dictation, reading text or email
messages a loud, looking up phone numbers, scheduling, placing phone calls and reminding
the end user about appointments.

Eg: Amazon alexa, apple’s siri, google assistant.

 Virtual assistants are typically cloud-based programs that require internet-connected

devices or applications to work.

 Virtual Assistant Capabilities :

Virtual assistant typically perform simple jobs for end users such as adding tasks to a calendar,
providing information that would normally be searched in a web-browser or controlling and
checking the status of smart home devices ,including lights,cameras and thermostats.

 Types of AI Virtual Assistant :

1. Chatbots

2. Voice Assistants

3. AI Avatar

4. Domain-Specific virtual assistants

 Chatbots :

 It is Mainly used in E-commerce.

 Modern Chatbots have the ability to think through customer queries rather then push the
customer through a chain of static events.

 Voice Assistants :

 It is used for automatic speech recognition.

 And it consist of Natural Language Processing to give vocal responses to queries.

 AI Avatars :

 Avatars are 3D models designed to look like humans.

 It is mainly used for Entertainment Applications.

 Domain-specific virtual assistants :

 It is highly specialized implementations of AI.

 Virtual Assistants designed for very specific industries optimized for high performance in
travel.

AI Assistants made up of different technologies :

 Speech-To-Text (STT)

 Text-To-Speech (TTS)

 Computer Vision (CV)

 Noise Control (NC)

 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

 Natural Language Generation (NLG)

 Emotional Intelligence (EI)

 Speech-To-Text :
 Speech-to-text allows apps to convert human speech into digital signals.
 When you speak, you create a series of vibrations.

 Using an analog-to-digital converter (ACD) the software converts them into digital
signals and extracts sounds, then segments them and matches them to existing
phonemes.
 Phonemes are the smallest unit of a language capable of distinguishing the sound
shells of different words.
 Based on complex mathematical models, the system compares these phonemes with
individual words and phrases and creates a text version of what you said.
Text-to-speech :

 Text-to-speech does the opposite.

 This technology translates text into voice output.

 TTS is a computer simulation of human speech from text using machine learning. The
system must go through three steps to convert text to voice.

 First, the system needs to convert text to words, then perform phonetic transcription
and then convert transcription to speech.

Computer vision :

 Computer vision is an AI technology that extracts meaningful information from

visual inputs like digital images or videos.
 CV is an integral part of creating visual virtual assistants.

 These assistants can respond with creator-generated videos, not just sounds, which
greatly enhances the user experience.
 Computer vision allows the system to recognize body language which is a significant
part of communication.

Noise control :
 Noise control is another critical feature for voice assistant accuracy.

 While many smartphones include software-based noise control and suppression

features.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) :

 The AI assistant needs to process and interpret the data with Natural Language
Processing (NLP) and then execute the requested command.
 NLP simplifies the speech recognition process.

Natural language generation :

 Natural language generation produces natural language output.

 users receive a human-like response from virtual assistants and chatbots.

 This approach allows such gaps to be automatically filled in with data retrieved from
a row in a spreadsheet, a record in a database table, and so on.
 Another approach is dynamic NLG which does not require the developer to write code
for each edge case and enables the system to react on its own.
 This is a more advanced type of natural language generation that relies on machine
learning algorithms.

Emotional Intelligence :

 Emotional Intelligence powered with AI helps IPAs track the user’s non-verbal
behavior in real time when communicating and react accordingly.
 Facial recognition technology analyzes facial expressions using a standard webcam
or smartphone camera.
 It can measure the following emotional metrics: joy, sadness, anger, contempt,
disgust, fear, and surprise.

Virtual assistants typically perform simple jobs for end users, including the
following:

 adding tasks to a calendar;

 providing information that would normally be searched in a web browser;

 controlling and checking the status of smart home devices, including lights,
cameras and thermostats;

 making and receiving phone calls;

 creating text messages;

 getting directions;

 hearing news and weather reports;

 finding hotels or restaurants;

 checking flight reservations;

 listening to music; and

 playing games.

Popular virtual assistant includes

 Amazon Alexa
 Amazon Alexa, also known simply as Alexa. It is a virtual assistant
bought by Amazon in 2013

 Alexa is a voice-controlled virtual assistant.

 Alexa can play audio, control your smart home, answer questions and engage
your favorite services to keep you organized, informed, safe, connected and
entertained.

 Based in the cloud, Alexa is accessed through a growing number of smart

speakers and other Alexa-enabled devices.
 Apple Siri
 Siri is a virtual assistant that was developed by Apple .
  Siri is Apple's smart assistant across all of its platforms. It uses machine learning
to determine suggestions for users, answer queries, or control devices.
 Users can configure it to speak with multiple voices across several languages.
 Google Assistant
 Google Assistant is a virtual assistant software application developed by Google
that is primarily available on mobile and home automation devices.
 Based on artificial intelligence, Google Assistant can engage in two-way
conversations.
 Google Assistant may show you information from Gmail to help you get things
done, like tracking a package or reordering food.
 It can also help you compose your emails or read them aloud.
 Microsoft Cortana
 Cortana is Microsoft’s personal productivity assistant that helps you save time
and focus attention on what matters most.
 It manages your calendar and keep your schedule up to date
 Join a meeting in Microsoft Teams or find out who your next meeting is with
 Create and manage lists
 Set reminders and alarms
 Find facts, definitions, and info Open apps on your computer
Travel and Navigation :

 In the travel industry, various technologies are being integrated with the help of
Artificial Intelligence to improve service and customer support.
 With the emergence of artificial intelligence in the travel industry, it is simpler to
maketravel arrangements.
 AI offers travel services that are automated, customized, and insightful.

 AI allows travelers to learn about their behaviors, interests, and inclinations. Overall,
AI provides a personalized experience to travelers.
 With Artificial Intelligence, gone are the days to consult a travel agent, meet him
physically, and indulge in an endless chain of troubling calls to inquire about travel
 arrangements.
 Multiple studies have shown that AI provides an effective complementary dimension
to the future of the travel industry.
AI’s Impact on Travel Industry :

 Artificial Intelligence systems have several applications in tourism.

 From the consumer perspective, Artificial Intelligence helps users to find better and
more relevant information, gives them greater mobility, improves their decision-
making, and, ultimately, provides a better tourism experience.

ChatBots:

 Almost all travel service providers now use AI-driven chatbots.

 These AI chatbots are entering travel via customer support channels.

 While AI can’t handle every customer’s question, it often frees up travel agents to
spend more time on more complex problems.

Navigation :

 GPS navigation systems use stored map information for determining optimal route
selection based on a shortest path algorithm.
 AI is revolutionizing areas such as autonomous vechicles where it uses deep
learningalgorithms in an attempt to reform personal transport.
 AI is also used in autonomous drones for navigation and as a fighter-jet in military
applications.
 Eg: GPS

AI in Education and Healthcare

Education :

 The potential of using artificial intelligence in education to enhance learning, assist

teachersand fuel more effective individualized learning is exciting.
  AI in education is not about humanoid robots as a teacher to replace human
teachers, but it is about using computer intelligence to help teachers and students
and making the education system much better and effective.
 Education is an important part of life for everyone, and a good education plays a
vital roleto have a successful life.
 In order to improve the education system for the students, there are always a lot of
changes happening around the world, ranging from the way of teaching to the
type of curriculum.
 Artificial Intelligence is a thriving technology that is being used in almost every
field and is changing the world.
 One place where artificial intelligence is poised to make big changes is (and in
some cases already )is in education.
 Artificial Intelligence in Education is developing new solutions for teaching and
learning for different situations.
 Nowadays, AI is being used by different schools and colleges across different
countries.

 AI in education has given a completely new perspective of looking at education to

teachers,students, parents, and of course, the educational institutions as well.
AI helps conduct fair exams

 Artificial intelligence provides a secure way of conducting online test in a cost-

effective and scalable manner. The use of AI can reduce or even eliminate the need
for physical supervisors/inspectors and can make deployment far more scalable.
Tutoring

 Artificial Intelligence can play an important role in tutoring students by solving

their doubts outside the classroom.
Automated Grading System

 AI-powered grading software uses machine learning techniques by replicating a

human teacher’s grading pattern in education.
Natural Language Processing
  Natural Language Processing Assist students in making necessary corrections in
relation to their documents and reports.
Administrative Tasks

 AI can help the administration in organizing their tasks such as rescheduling

curriculum, rescheduling classes, making attendance, grading paper, sharing reports
of the students automatically to their parents, etc
Creation of Smart Content

 AI-based software tools will help in the creation of smart content. It can alsohelp in
keeping the information up to date.

Healthcare :

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries around the world, and

currently, its application is rapidly increasing in the healthcare sector.

 Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare is used to analyze the treatment techniques of

various diseases and to prevent them.

 AI is used in various areas of healthcare such as diagnosis processes, drug research

sector, medicine, patient monitoring care centre, etc.

 In the healthcare industry, AI helps to gather past data through electronic health
records for disease prevention and diagnosis.

 AI in healthcare describes the use of AI or machine-learning algorithms to mimic

human cognition for gathering and understanding complex medical and health care
data.

 AI does this by various Machine Learning algorithms, Computer Vision, Natural

Language Processing, Robotics, and Deep Learning.

 These algorithms recognize a pattern in behaviour and then create their own logic
to give well-defined output to end-users. Machine Learning helps to gain important
insights and predictions using extensive amounts of input data.
  Further, they also instruct experts on how to build companions for expensive
clinical preliminaries.

Optical Character Recognition :

 Optical character recognition (OCR) is sometimes referred to as text recognition.

 An OCR program extracts and repurposes data from scanned documents, camera
images and image-only pdfs.

 OCR software singles out letters on the image, puts them into words and then puts
the words into sentences, thus enabling access to and editing of the original
content.

 It also eliminates the need for manual data entry.

 OCR systems use a combination of hardware and software to convert physical,

printed documents into machine-readable text.

 Hardware such as an optical scanner or specialized circuit board copies or reads

text; then, software typically handles the advanced processing.

 OCR software can take advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) to implement more
advanced methods of intelligent character recognition (ICR), like identifying
languages or styles of handwriting.

 The process of OCR is most commonly used to turn hard copy legal or historical
documents into pdf documents so that users can edit, format and search the
documents as if created with a word processor.

The Process of OCR.

Scanning the Document

 This is the prime step of OCR which connects to a scanner to scan the document.

 This step specifically enhances the efficiency of the entire process by ensuring
perfect alignment and sizing of the specific document.
 Refining the Image

 In this step, the optical character recognition software improves the elements of the
document that need to be captured.

Binarization

 The refined image document is then converted into a bi-level document image,
containing only black and white colors, where black or dark areas are identified as
characters.
Recognizing the Characters

 In this step, the black areas are further processed to identify letters or digits.
 Usually, an OCR focuses on one character or block of text at a time.
Verifying the Accuracy

 After the successful recognition of characters, the results are cross-referenced by

utilizing the internal dictionaries of the OCR software to ensure accuracy.

Mobile payment system and E-Commerce :

Mobile payment system :

 The mobile payment system, as the name suggests is making payments using a
mobile.
 A mobile payment solution can be a transaction/payment which is initiated on the
mobile.
 So, instead of paying via cash or swiping a credit card, a customer needs to pay via
mobile. The online transaction process has many parts.
How mobile payment works?

Mobile Commerce:

 Mobile commerce can be defined as electronic sales and commerce done by mobile(It
can be said that mobile commerce is an adaptation/advancement of eCommerce).

 Getting more to the basics, M-commerce is buying and selling goods and services via
mobile devices.

 If the commerce is initiated via mobile, it is m-commerce, making a place or time

insignificant.
 How Mobile Commerce Works :

Advantages/benefits of mobile payment systems

One-click Payments:

 No one has time in their busy lifestyle and people prefer that their mobile remembers
them, their preferred payment method and that they can buy any service/solution with
just a click.
 Online mobile payment offers a quick check-out process that customers can
customize themselves.

Fast payments:

 Searching for a change and not finding any or waiting for a chip card transaction only
to find out it is unsuccessful can be embarrassing.
 Payments via mobile can be done anytime from anywhere and they minimize the time
spent while performing a transaction.

 Mobile payment simplifies the transaction process not only for the customer but
also for business owners.

Secure mode of payment:

  Paying via mobile renders the need for carrying the cards or a huge amount of cash
with you all the time.
 It enhances payment security by adding more security layers like biometric
authentication, 2FA (two-factor authentication)

Advantages/benefits of mobile commerce

 Competitive pricing

 On the spot buying

 A variety of products

Types of mobile payment :

 QR code payments: QR (quick response) payments are one of the popular types of
online mobile payment technologies used throughout.

 In this mode, payment is done by scanning the QR code with a QR scanner app or
mobile cameras.

 Mobile wallets: mobile wallets are becoming pretty popular these days.

 They are pre-loaded with cash and truly provide a one-click seamless payment option.

 Payments via mobile wallets are faster and more convenient.

 Mobiles as credit card terminals: In this, mobile devices are used as a reader for
credit cards to accept payments.

 Payment done via this method is secure fast and beneficial for small or home-based
businesses.

 Mobile web-based payments: This is the mode via which, a customer can access
web pages through the mobile or using a mobile payment gateway

Types of mobile commerce :

 Food delivery apps
 Restaurant booking apps
  Ticket apps
 Retail store apps
 Social apps
 Gaming apps (in-game purchase)
 Banking apps

 Image based search and photo editing :

Image based search:

 Image processing is a method of processing images to improve quality or extract

relevant information from the images.

 The AI image processing service combines advanced algorithm technology with

machine learning and computer vision to process large numbers of pictures easily and
quickly with high accuracy level.

What is AI Image Recognition?

Image recognition, a subset of computer vision, is the art of recognizing and interpreting
photographs to identify objects, places, people, or things observable in one’s natural
surroundings.

How Does AI Image Recognition Work?

 Humans recognize images by utilizing a natural neural network that assists them in
identifying items in images gained from previous experiences.

 Furthermore, the artificial neural network aids robots in image recognition. Multiple
layers of cells in an AI neural network can influence each other.

 And the complexity of a neural network’s structure and design is determined by the
sort of information needed.

 Image recognition is harder than you might believe because it requires deep learning,
neural networks, and advanced image recognition algorithms to be conceivable for
machines.

How AI is Trained to Recognize the Image?

 To make machine image recognition conceivable, we must first train algorithms that
 can learn and forecast with high accuracy.
 Consider this: if you look at an image of a cat, you can clearly tell it is a cat, but the
image recognition system operates differently.
 Because of similar characteristics, a machine can see it like 75% kitten, 10% puppy,
and 5% like other similar styles like an animal, which is referred to as the confidence
score.
 And, in order to accurately anticipate the object, the machine must first grasp what it
sees, then analyze it by comparing it to past training to create the final prediction.

AI photo editor
One of the major reasons for this is that AI photo editors make ordinary photography,
extraordinary.

How do AI photo editors work?

 AI photo editors are able to detect the subject in your image, enhance it, remove and
replace the background around it, apply corrective effects wherever required, color
correct, and much more. Everything with the single click of a button!
 Basically, AI photo editors do the hard work of photo editing without the manual
hassle hence saving time, cost and effort.
 AI photo editors are the best tools for correcting mistakes and removing unwanted
elements from a picture. A study conducted by Google Research and the University of
California Berkeley shows that AI can remove unwanted shadows from photographs.
 While this is just the beginning, AI photo editors have become increasingly helpful
with removing, replacing, and editing backgrounds while taking small details into
account like natural-looking lighting, filling missing parts, and bokeh; a blur
background effect.

What are Robots?

Robots are the artificial agents acting in real world environment.

Objective
 Robots are aimed at manipulating the objects by perceiving, picking, moving,
modifying the physical properties of object, destroying it, or to have an effect thereby
freeing manpower from doing repetitive functions without getting bored, distracted, or
exhausted.

What is Robotics?
Robotics is a branch of AI, which is composed of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical
 Engineering, and Computer Science for designing, construction, and application of
robots.

Aspects of Robotics
 The robots have mechanical construction, form, or shape designed to accomplish a
particular task.
 They have electrical components which power and control the machinery.
 They contain some level of computer program that determines what, when and how a
robot does something.

Difference in Robot System and Other AI Program

AI Programs Robots

They usually operate in computer- They operate in real physical world

stimulated worlds.

The input to an AI program is in Inputs to robots is analog signal in the form of

symbols and rules. speech waveform or images

They need general purpose They need special hardware with sensors and
computers to operate on. effectors.

Components of a Robot
Robots are constructed with the following −

 Power Supply − The robots are powered by batteries, solar power, hydraulic, or
pneumatic power sources.

 Actuators − They convert energy into movement.

 Electric motors (AC/DC) − They are required for rotational movement.

 Pneumatic Air Muscles − They contract almost 40% when air is sucked in them.
 Muscle Wires − They contract by 5% when electric current is passed throughthem.
  Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors − Best for industrial robots.

 Sensors − They provide knowledge of real time information on the task environment.
Robots are equipped with vision sensors to be to compute the depth in the environment.
A tactile sensor imitates the mechanical properties of touch receptors of human
fingertips.

Applications of Robotics

The robotics has been instrumental in the various domains such as −

 Industries − Robots are used for handling material, cutting, welding, color
coating, drilling, polishing, etc.

 Military − Autonomous robots can reach inaccessible and hazardous zones

during war. A robot named Daksh, developed by Defense Research and
Development Organization (DRDO), is in function to destroy life-threatening
objects safely.
 Medicine − The robots are capable of carrying out hundreds of clinical tests
simultaneously, rehabilitating permanently disabled people, and performing
complex surgeries such as brain tumors.

 Exploration − The robot rock climbers used for space exploration, underwater
drones used for ocean exploration are to name a few.

 Entertainment − Disney’s engineers have created hundreds of robots for movie

making.