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by appellate courts most especially where no appeal had been
*
G.R. No. 75662.  September 15, 1989.
MERCURY DRUG CORPORATION, petitioner, vs.
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, NLRC
SHERIFF and CESAR E. LADISLA, respondents.
Labor Relations; NLRC; Jurisdiction; Appeals; Probation
Law; Respondent NLRC committed a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack of jurisdiction in finding no substantial
evidence to sustain the charge against private respondent; Reason.
—We hold that public respondent National Labor Relations
Commission committed a grave abuse of discretion amounting to
lack of jurisdiction in finding no substantial evidence to sustain
the charge against private respondent. This conclusion is in
complete and utter disregard of the Regional Trial Court’s
conviction of private respondent for the crime of simple theft
which decision was rendered prior to its own assailed decision. It
must be remembered that proceedings in criminal cases such as
that held in the subject criminal case require proof beyond
reasonable
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* THIRD DIVISION.
 
VOL. 177, SEPTEMBER 15, 1989
Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
doubt to establish the guilt of the accused and findings of fact of
the trial court on this matter are generally accorded great weight
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filed thereafter, thus rendering the said findings final. As
mentioned earlier, private respondent did not appeal from the
decision of the lower court but instead availed himself of the
benefits of the probation law which was correspondingly granted
by the Regional Trial Court.
Same; Dismissal; A company has the right to dismiss its
erring employees; Case at bar.—Dismissal of a dishonest employee
is to the best interest not only of management but also of labor. As
a measure of self-protection against acts inimical to its interest, a
company has the right to dismiss its erring employees. An
employer cannot be compelled to continue in employment an
employee guilty of acts inimical to its interest, justifying loss of
confidence in him. The law does not impose unjust situations on
either labor or management. We therefore find justification in the
termination of private respondent Cesar E. Ladisla’s employment
by petitioner Mercury Drug Corporation.
Same; Same; Loss of confidence as a valid ground for the
dismissal of an employee.—Under Article 282(c) of the Labor
Code, an employer may terminate an employment for “fraud or
willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his
employer or his duly authorized representative.” Loss of
confidence is established as a valid ground for the dismissal of an
employee. The law does not require proof beyond reasonable doubt
of the employee’s misconduct to invoke such a justification. It is
sufficient that there is some basis for the loss of trust or that the
employer has reasonable grounds to believe that the employee is
responsible for the misconduct and his participation therein
renders him unworthy of the trust and confidence demanded of
his position.
Same; Same; Same; An employee who has been exonerated
from a criminal charge may still be dismissed; Reason.—We have
held that the eventual conviction of the employee who is
581
prosecuted for his misconduct is not indispensable to warrant his
dismissal by his employer. More specifically, an employee who has
been exonerated from a criminal charge of theft of gasoline on the
basis of technicality may still be dismissed from employment if
the employer has ample reason to mistrust him. If acquittal from
581 the criminal charge does not negate the existence of a ground for
loss of trust and confidence, with more reason should conviction
for such criminal charge fortify said mistrust.
582
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582 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
Same; Management prerogative; The law protecting the rights
of the laborer, authorizes neither oppression of the employer.—The
law in protecting the rights of the laborer, authorizes neither
oppression nor self-destruction of the employer. While the
Constitution is committed to the policy of social justice and the
protection of the working class, it should not be supposed that
every labor dispute will be automatically decided in favor of labor.
Management also has its own rights, which, as such, are entitled
to respect and enforcement in the interest of simple fair play. Out
of its concern for those with less privileges in life, the Supreme
Court has inclined more often than not toward the worker and
upheld his cause in his conflicts with the employer. Such
favoritism, however, has not blinded the Court to the rule that
justice is in every case for the deserving, to be dispensed in the
light of the established facts and applicable law and doctrine.
PETITION for certiorari to review the resolution of the
National Labor Relations Commission.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
     Veronica G. de Vera for petitioner.
     David B. Agoncillo for private respondent.
FERNAN,C. J.:
Petitioner assails in this petition for review on certiorari
the Resolution dated July 24, 1986 of the National Labor
Relations Commission in NLRC Case No. RB-IV-19301-78-
T denying petitioner’s motion for reconsideration of its
decision dated April 30, 1986 which reversed the decision of
Labor Arbiter Ceferina J. Diosana and ordered the
reinstatement of private respondent Cesar E. Ladisla to his
former position with full backwages.
Records show that private respondent Cesar E. Ladisla
was employed by petitioner Mercury Drug Corporation as a
Stock Analyst at its Claro M. Recto Branch. He had been
with the company for two years and nine months when on
August 15, 1977 he was apprehended by representatives of
Mercury Drug while in the act of pilfering company
property consisting of three (3) bottles of Persantin and one
(1) bottle of Valoron at 100 tablets per bottle with a total
value of P272.00. He admitted his guilt to the investigating
representatives of petitioner company and executed a
handwritten admission. Said admission was
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VOL. 177, SEPTEMBER 15, 1989 583
Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
repeated verbally at the police station before the arresting
officer as shown in the Booking Sheet and Arrest 1
Report
which was signed and authenticated by Ladisla. Thus, on
August 19, 1977, petitioner, while simultaneously placing
private respondent on preventive suspension, filed before
the Department of Labor an application for the termination
of private respondent’s employment on grounds of
dishonesty and breach of trust.
Private respondent opposed the aforesaid application for
clearance to terminate his services alleging among others,
that his suspension and proposed dismissal were
unfounded and baseless being premised on the
machinations and incriminatory acts of Ms. Leonora
Suarez and Edgardo Imperial, Manager and Retail
Supervisor, respectively, of petitioner’s Claro M. Recto
Branch; and that he was not given the opportunity to be
heard nor allowed to explain his side before he was
summarily suspended.
The parties were then required by the Arbitration
Branch of the Department of Labor to file their respective
position papers. While the case was being heard by Labor
Arbiter Ceferina J. Diosana, petitioner filed a criminal
complaint for attempted qualified theft against private
respondent before the Fiscal’s Office of Manila but this was
dismissed by the court before the arraignment of the
accused. However, the case was refiled and docketed as
Criminal Case No. 43096 before Judge Pedro A. Ramirez of
the then Court of First Instance, subsequently the Regional
Trial Court of Manila, Branch XXX.
2
In a decision dated November 8, 1979, Labor Arbiter
Ceferina J. Diosana sustained the validity of private
respondent’s dismissal and granted petitioner’s application
for clearance to terminate the services of the former.
Private respondent appealed his aforesaid dismissal to the
National Labor Relations Commission. Pending resolution
of the appeal, herein petitioner filed a Manifestation with
said Commission notifying the latter of the ongoing trial in
Criminal Case No. 43096 against private respondent. On
September 15, 1983, judgment was rendered in Criminal
Case No. 43096, finding private respon-
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_______________ _______________

1 Rollo, pp. 4-6. 3 Rollo, pp. 104-110.

2 Rollo, pp. 32-37. 4 Rollo, p. 146.
5 Rollo, p. 45.
584 6 Rollo, p. 64.

585
584 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
VOL. 177, SEPTEMBER 15, 1989 585
3
dent-accused guilty of the crime of simple theft. No appeal Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
was taken from the decision in the subject criminal case,
private respondent having availed himself of the benefits of is in complete and utter disregard of the Regional Trial
the Probation Law. He was eventually discharged from Court’s conviction of private respondent for the crime of
probation on December 27, 1984,
4
after complying with the simple theft which decision was rendered prior to its own
terms and conditions thereof. assailed decision. It must be remembered that proceedings
On April 30, 1986, public respondent National Labor in criminal cases such as that held in the subject criminal
Relations Commission reversed the decision of the Labor case require proof beyond reasonable doubt to establish the
Arbiter because it found no substantial evidence guilt of the accused and findings of fact of the trial court on
establishing the charge against private respondent Ladisla this matter are generally accorded great weight by
stating thus: appellate courts most especially where no appeal had been
filed thereafter, thus rendering the said findings final. As
“WHEREFORE, the Decision appealed from is hereby set aside mentioned earlier, private respondent did not appeal from
and a new one entered ordering respondent to immediately the decision of the lower court but instead availed himself
reinstate him in (sic)
5
his former position with full back wages. of the benefits of the probation law which was
SO ORDERED.” correspondingly granted by the Regional Trial Court.
Dismissal of a dishonest employee is to the best interest
Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration of the
not only of management but also of labor. As a measure of
aforementioned decision, which was denied by public
selfprotection against acts inimical to its interest, a
respondent Commission in its resolution dated July 24,
6
company has the right to dismiss its erring employees. An
1986. Hence, this petition assailing the latter’s reversal of
employer cannot be compelled to continue in employment
the labor arbiter’s decision and its order for the
an employee guilty of acts inimical to its interest, justifying
reinstatement with full back wages of private respondent.
loss of confidence in him. The law does not 7 impose unjust
Petitioner submits that it was serious legal error on the
situations on either labor or management. We therefore
part of public respondent to order the reinstatement of
find justification in the termination of private respondent
private respondent who was convicted of the crime of
Cesar E. Ladisla’s employment by petitioner Mercury Drug
simple theft by Judge Pedro Ramirez in Criminal Case No.
Corporation.
43096 filed by petitioner against said private respondent-
Under Article 282(c) of the Labor Code, an employer
employee involving the same facts obtaining in the present
may terminate an employment for “fraud or willful breach
case for termination. On the other hand, private
by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his
respondent maintains that he was a victim of revenge and
employer or his duly authorized representative.” Loss of
incriminatory machinations as the charge of qualified theft
confidence is established as a valid ground for the
of company property was a frame-up.
dismissal of an employee. The law does not require proof
We hold that public respondent National Labor
beyond reasonable doubt of the employee’s misconduct to
Relations Commission committed a grave abuse of
invoke such a justification. It is sufficient that there is
discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction in finding no
some basis for the loss of trust or that the employer has
substantial evidence to sustain the charge against private
reasonable grounds to believe that the employee is
respondent. This conclusion
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responsible for the misconduct and his participation
therein renders him unworthy
8
of the trust and confidence
demanded of his position.
_______________
7 Piedad v. Lanao del Norte Electric Cooperative, Inc., 153 SCRA 500,
509 [1987]; International Hardwood & Veneer Co. of the Phils. v.
Leogardo, Jr., 117 SCRA 967 [1982].
8 Piedad v. Lanao del Norte Electric Cooperative, Inc., 153 SCRA 500,
508 [1987]; Dole Phil., Inc. v. NLRC, 123 SCRA 673 [1983].
586
586 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED
Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
Private respondent’s admission of his guilt as earlier
stated, his subsequent conviction in Criminal Case No.
43096 and his acceptance of the same as implied in the
absence of an appeal therefrom and his subsequent
application for probation established beyond reasonable
doubt his guilt for the crime of simple theft. It was this
same act which gave rise to his conviction by the trial court
that was the basis for the termination of his employment
by petitioner.
We have held that the eventual conviction of the
employee who is prosecuted for his misconduct is not9
indispensable to warrant his dismissal by his employer.
More specifically, an employee who has been exonerated
from a criminal charge of theft of gasoline on the basis of
technicality may still be dismissed from employment
10
if the
employer has ample reason to mistrust him. If acquittal
from the criminal charge does not negate the existence of a
ground for loss of trust and confidence, with more reason
should conviction for such criminal charge fortify said
mistrust.
Anent private respondent’s claim of summary
suspension without being given the opportunity to be
heard, the Court takes note that, in addition to the fact
that his suspension was merely preventive pending
approval by the Department of Labor of its application for
clearance to terminate the services of private respondent,
the latter was given the chance to defend himself in several
instances: at the Police Precinct No. III, Western Police
District, Metro Manila where he was brought for
investigation or questioning immediately after the
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occurrence of the alleged pilferage of medicines and where
he was given the opportunity to state his defenses, and
thereafter, before the arbitration branch of the Department
of Labor where he was required and did submit his position
paper.
The law in protecting the rights of the laborer,
authorizes11 neither oppression nor self-destruction of the
employer. While the Constitution is committed to the
policy of social justice and
_______________
9 San Miguel Corp. v. NLRC, 128 SCRA 180, 181 [1984].
10 Philippine Geothermal, Inc. v. NLRC, 117 SCRA 692-693 [1982].
11 Manila Trading & Supply Co. v. Zulueta, 69 Phil. 485 [1939] cited in
Allied Banking Corporation v. Castro, 156 SCRA 789, 800 [1987].
587
VOL. 177, SEPTEMBER 15, 1989 587
Mercury Drug Corporation vs. NLRC
the protection of the working class, it should not be
supposed that every labor dispute will be automatically
decided in favor of labor. Management also has its own
rights, which, as such, are entitled to respect and
enforcement in the interest of simple fair play. Out of its
concern for those with less privileges in life, the Supreme
Court has inclined more often than not toward the worker
and upheld his cause in his conflicts with the employer.
Such favoritism, however, has not blinded the Court to the
rule that justice is in every case for the deserving, to be
dispensed in the light of12 the established facts and
applicable law and doctrine.
WHEREFORE, the assailed resolution of the National
Labor Relations Commission is reversed and set aside and
the Labor Arbiter’s decision of November 8, 1979
dismissing Cesar E. Ladisla as petitioner’s stock analyst is
hereby reinstated. No costs.
SO ORDERED.
     Gutierrez, Jr., Bidin and Cortés, JJ., concur.
     Feliciano, J., on leave.
Resolution reversed and set aside.
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Notes.—Termination by employer of employee guilty of

serious misconduct and breach of trust is justified. (San
Miguel Corporation vs. NLRC, 115 SCRA 329.)
Disobedience by employee to company directive to return
to duty is a justifiable cause for termination of
employment. (Central Azucarera de Carlota, Inc. vs.
Inciong, 115 SCRA 329.)

——o0o——

_______________

12 Sosito v. Aguinaldo Development Corporation, 156 SCRA 392, 396

[1987].

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