Syllabus Committee

Sr. No. Head Name Designation

1. CONVENOR Dr. Sharmishtha Matkar Principal
2. CO-CONVENOR Dr. B. M. Rai Chief Coordinator
3. CHAIRPERSON(BOS) Ms. Ruchita Rane Coordinator
4. MEMBERS (BOS) 1.Ms. Anupama Tomar Lecturer
2.Ms. Rohini Shetty Lecturer
3.Ms. Shweta Bhise Patel Lecturer
4. Ms. Reshma Sagar Lecturer
5. SYLLABUS COMMITTEE MEMBERS
i.Subject Experts 1.Dr. Purvi Bhatt Associate Professor,
(Outside the Parent Biological Sciences
University to be NMIMS University
nominated by the Sunandan Divatia School
Academic Council) of Science, Ville Parle,
Mumbai
2.Dr. Suchitra Godbole Assistant Professor,
Microbiology
Dr. D. Y. Patil arts,
science College,
Pimpari, Pune
ii.Expert 1.Dr. Lolly Mukesh Jain Assistant Professor
(Nominated K.J.Somaiya College of
by the Vice-Chancellor) Science and Commerce,
Vidyavihar, Mumbai-
400 077
iii.Expert 1.Dr. Girish B. Mahajan Vice President-
(Representative from Microbiology Division
industry/corporate Hi-Media Laboratories
sector/allied area relating Pvt. Limited
to placement)
iv.Member 2. Mr. Sandesh Mandavkar Pursuing PhD from
(One postgraduate Institue of Science,
meritorious alumnus) Mumbai
 PREAMBLE

Chikitsak Samuhha’s Sir Sitaram and Lady Shantabai Patkar College of Arts and Science and V.P.
Varde College of Commerce and Economics, since 1964 has been enriching lives by imparting
higher education. The college has been accredited with an ‘A+’ grade in the 3rd NAAC cycle. Over
the years, we have made great strides in the field of education and in 2019, the University Grants
Commission and the University of Mumbai has conferred ‘Autonomous Status’ on our College.

One of the principal outcomes of being granted autonomy is that we have the opportunity to
accommodate a ‘student centric system’, where we can infuse new methods of teaching with a
competitive and dynamic syllabus that keeps up with the changing industry requirements and
technology, and the aspirations and expectations of a change-driven society.

Officially, the syllabus is a document in academic learning that serves to outline, the main
components of a subject, and its learning outcomes. It is a roadmap to accomplishing the course
objectives. We believe that it is also an opportunity for us to match our educator’s passion for
teaching with the student’s enthusiasm to learn and excel. Therefore, we have devised a ‘student
centric syllabus’ that shifts the focus from simply, “What will be covered in the semester?" to “How
can the course further the intellectual and academic growth of the student?” It is our aim to enhance
the quality of education, generate enthusiasm amongst students about academic pursuits, improve
the ability of the students to research and innovate, by designing a relevant syllabus, relevant
courses, better evaluation methods and impart flexibility to choose courses that match their goals,
interests and skills.

The manner in which our syllabus is framed helps the students to develop their cognitive skills—
such as evaluating, analyzing and understanding how all pieces of a ‘concept’ fit together, thereby,
giving them a strong foundation in the field of their choice. Additionally, we have introduced
certain extra credits that develop soft skills, (such as emotional intelligence, handling pressure and
stress, courage for making tough decisions, conflict resolution, building ethics), inculcate
community service and other skills that will help students to successfully navigate their lives and be
ready to be local, national and global citizen.

The new credit-based system will allow the students to obtain maximum benefits from all resources
made available to them by the College. A course is assigned credits based on classroom teaching
hours and the course content. It gives the students the benefit to select from a wide variety of
courses. Apart from assisting the students with the course content, the syllabus will also provide the
students with a guide to semester teaching schedule, examination pattern and grading policies.

Our Board of Studies for each subject is constituted in a manner that will benefit from the diversity
and rich experience of renowned individuals from Mumbai and other Universities, industry experts
and our alumni.

Our experienced faculties, along with the guidance of a judicious and perceptive Governing
Council, are dedicated to provide meaningful academic experiences and a rewarding career for our
students. Thus, we have constructed a syllabus that is designed to enhance the rapport between
students and teachers, to motivate and empower the students, to focus on skill development for
employability, thereby making them locally relevant and globally competent.
 PREFACE

Keeping in tune with the revised syllabus of F.Y.B.Sc., the sub-committee has taken
utmost care to maintain the continuity in the flow of information of higher level at S.Y.B.Sc.
Microbiology which is restructured according to the CBCS pattern for its implementation from
2020-2021.

Hence some of the modules of the earlier syllabus of S.Y.B.Sc have been upgraded with
the modules viz: Immunology has been combined with epidemiology of infectious diseases
plus diagnostic & clinical microbiology in order to make the learners aware about the spread
of infection by different routes, sources of infection and functioning of the clinical microbiology
laboratory.

Module of Microbial Biochemistry has been updated as per the recent developments in
molecular biology & enzymology with an objective to raise the student’s awareness in
interdisciplinary courses such as biophysics, bioinformatics and computational biochemistry.

A course on Environmental Microbiology has been introduced in order to make students

familiar with the biodiversity of microorganisms in different habitats/ecological niches
including extreme environments and applications of these microorganisms in bioremediation,
pollution control, agriculture, pharmaceuticals & biotechnology.

A course on Food Microbiology, Applications of Microbiology and Basic Analytical

Techniques has been introduced as state-of-art for job and entrepreneurship.

The courses will comprise of the following:

1) PUSMB 301, PUSMB 302 and PUSMB 303

2) PUSMB 401, PUSMB 402 and PUSMB 403

In conclusion, the revised syllabus aims at inculcating a spirit of learning and kindling
curiosity towards the subject in the minds of learners, resulting in their pursuit of higher
education in Microbiology.
 PEDAGOGY

Different learning methods have been adopted by the faculty to encourage and evaluate
students. Techniques such as:

1. Wi-Fi and Internet access to all staff members for updating their knowledge.

2. Use of ICT tools (OHP, DLP, laptops, video films etc.) and smart classrooms.

3. Inclusion of PPT presentations, models making by students as part of internal evaluation.

4. Encouraging students to undertake research projects as a part of internal evaluation.

5. Regular use of participative learning methods like case study, presentations, group
discussion and debates along with excursions and industrial visits wherever applicable.

6. Conducting Self-Assessment Techniques and Personality – Evaluation Exercises for

students.

7. E-database in Library

8. E-learning sources

9. Interactive learning facilities

10. Preparation of teaching modules.

11. Virtual Lab for demonstration of Practicals

 S.Y. B. Sc.
Choice based Credit and Grading System
(To be implemented from Academic Year 2020-21)
Semester III and IV

S.Y.B.Sc. Microbiology

Semester III Semester IV

DNA Structure, Environmental Bioenergetics, Food
Biology of Microbiology Basics of Enzyme Microbiology Applications of
Biomolecules Immunology Kinetics & Microbiology
and Microbial and Clinical Basic
Taxonomy Microbiology Analytical PUSMB-402 PUSMB-403
PUSMB-302 Techniques
PUSMB-301
PUSMB-303
PUSMB-401
DNA structure Air Innate Principles of Food Industrial
Microbiology Immunity & Bioenergetics Sanitation Microbiology
Immune
System

Estimation Of Fresh, Marine Epidemiology Enzyme Food Biofertiliser and

Biomolecules Water & and public Kinetics Microbiology Biopesticide
Sewage health
Microbiology awareness

Microbial Soil and Geo Diagnostic Basic Food Nanobiotechnology

taxonomy Microbiology Microbiology Analytical Preservation and Biosensors
& Safety in techniques and Control
Clinical
Microbiology
 S.Y. B. Sc. Microbiology Syllabus (General Outline)
Choice Based Credit System to be implemented from the Academic year 2020-21
Semester III

SEMESTER III
Course Lectures /
Unit Title Credits
Code Week
2 Credits
Theory DNA Structure 3
PUSMB- (45 lectures)
Unit-I DNA Structure 15 lectures. 1
301
Unit-II Estimation Of Biomolecules 15 lectures. 1
Unit-III Microbial taxonomy 15 lectures. 1
2 Credits
Theory Environmental Microbiology 3
PUSMB- (45 lectures)
Unit-I Air Microbiology 15 lectures. 1
302
Unit-II Fresh, Marine Water & Sewage Microbiology 15 lectures. 1
Unit-III Soil and Geo Microbiology 15 lectures. 1
Basics of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 2 Credits
Theory 3
(45 lectures)
PUSMB-
Unit-IInnate Immunity & Immune System 15 lectures. 1
303 Epidemiology and public health awareness 15 lectures. 1
Unit-II
Diagnostic Microbiology & Safety in Clinical
Unit-III 15 lectures. 1
Microbiology
PUSMBP-3 PUSMBP-3 PRACTICALS 3 Credits 9

PUSMBP- Unit-I, DNA Structure, Biology of Biomolecules and Microbial 1 Credit 3

301 Unit-II, Taxonomy (45 lectures)
Unit-III (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-301)
PUSMBP- Unit-I, Environmental Microbiology 1 Credit 3
302 Unit-II, (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-302) (45 lectures)
Unit-III
PUSMBP- Unit-I, Basics of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 1 Credit 3
303 Unit-II, (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-303) (45 lectures)
Unit-III
SEMESTER IV
Course
Unit Title Credits Lectures
Code
Bioenergetics, Enzyme Kinetics & Basic Analytical
2 Credits
Theory Techniques 3
(45 Lectures)
PUSMB-401
Unit-I Principles of Bioenergetics 15 lectures. 1
Unit-II Enzyme Kinetics 15 lectures. 1
 Unit-III Basic Analytical techniques 15 lectures. 1
2 Credits
Theory Food Microbiology 3
PUSMB - (45 Lectures)
402 Unit-I Food Sanitation 15 lectures. 1
Unit-II Food Microbiolgy 15 lectures. 1
Unit-III Food Preservation and Control 15 lectures. 1
2 Credits
Theory Applications of Microbiology 3
(45 Lectures)
PUSMB - Unit-I Industrial Microbiology 15 lectures. 1
403
Unit-II Biofertiliser and Biopesticides 15 lectures 1
Unit-III Nanobiotechnology and Biosensors 15 lectures. 1
PUSMBP-4 PUSMBP-4 PRACTICALS 3 Credits 9
PUSMBP- Unit-I, Bioenergetics, Enzyme Kinetics & Basic Analytical
Unit-II, 1 Credit
401 Techniques 3
Unit-III (45 lectures)
(Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-401
PUSMBP- Unit-I, Food Microbiology 1 Credit
402 Unit-II, (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-402 3
Unit-III (45 Lectures)
PUSMBP - Unit-I, Applications of Microbiology 1 Credit
403 Unit-II, (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-403) 3
Unit-III (45 Lectures)
 S.Y.B.Sc Microbiology: Detail Syllabus
Credit Based Semester & Grading System to be implemented from the academic year 2020-
2021

PUSMB-301: DNA Structure, Biology of Biomolecules and Microbial Taxonomy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Unit I: DNA Structure

This unit will allow students to learn about the basic structure of DNA and bacterial DNA,
Students will also get to know about the discovery of the genetic material – DNA & RNA.

Unit II: Biology of Biomolecules

Students would be made aware of the unique chemistry of living systems that results in large part
from the remarkable and diverse properties of Biomolecules.

Unit III: Microbial taxonomy

Studying microbial taxonomy plays a vital role in grouping the organisms. Thus students will be
given insight of taxonomy which will help students with identification of organisms and also
methods of analysis used in classification.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: The students should be able to

 Give details of the different biomolecules and there estimation
 Students should be able to know DNA structure
 Bacterial DNA
 Identification of bacteria
 Phylogenetic tree problems
 SEMESTER III
Course Unit Notional
Title Credits
Code Periods
PUSMB- DNA STRUCTURE, BIOLOGY OF 2 Credits Self Study
Theory
301 BIOMOLECULES AND MICROBIAL TAXONOMY (45 lectures) (45)
DNA structure 15 Lectures
1.1 Evidence for DNA as genetic material – Griffith’s
experiment and Avery-MacLeod experiment, Hershey-
Chase Experiment, Discovery of RNA as genetic
material. (03 L)

1.2 Nucleic acid chemistry

a) Denaturation of double helical DNA and RNA
b) Nucleic acid from different species can form hybrids
c) Nucleotides and nucleic acids undergo non enzymatic
Unit-I 15
transformations,
d) DNA methylation
e) Functions of nucleotides (07 L)

1.3 Structure of prokaryotic genome – bacterial nucleoid,

Super coiling of DNA – Linking number, DNA
toposiomerases and gyrases. (05 L)

Estimation Of Biomolecules
1.1 Estimation of Biomolecules
a) Macromolecular composition of a microbial cell.(01 L)

b) Methods of elemental analysis: (03 L)

Carbon by Slyke’s method
Nitrogen by Microkjelhdahl method.
Phosphorus by Fiske-Subbarow method

c) Estimation of Carbohydrates by Phenol and Anthrone

method. (02 L)
Unit-II
d) Estimation of Reducing Sugars by DNSA
method (01 L)

e) Detection of Sugars by Aniline-Pthalate method.(01 L)

f) Estimation of Proteins by Biuret method. (01 L)

g) Estimation of Amino acids by Ninhydrin

method. (01 L)

h) Extraction of Lipids by Soxhlet method. (02 L) 15 Lectures 15

 i) Extraction of Nucleic acids & its estimation by
DPA and Orcinol method. (03 L)

Microbial taxonomy 15 Lectures

1.1 Introduction to Microbial taxonomy (06 L)
Systems of classification(Cavalier Smith 6 kingdom)
Bergey’s manual The three domain concept based on
phylogeny, Nomenclature, Taxonomic ranks, Numerical
Taxonomy

1.2 Methods of analysis used in classification (02 L)

Phenotypic analysis (Morphological characteristics,
Physiological and metabolic characteristics,Biochemical
characteristics, Ecological characteristics, Fatty acid
analysis)

1.3 Genetic analysis (03 L)

DNA-DNA hybridization
Unit-III
DNA profiling
Multilocus sequence analysis
G+C ratio
Genetic finger printing

1.4 Amino acid sequencing (01 L)

1.5 Phylogenetic analysis (01 L)

Nucleic acid sequencing

1.6 Phylogenetic tree: Types (02 L)

Parsimony approach, Distance matrix method, Character
state method (Clustal development). Rooted and Unrooted
trees (Cladogram, Phylogram and Ultrametric)
15
 Practical Course I PUSMBP-301

PRACTICALS
Credit
Course Code DNA STRUCTURE, BIOLOGY OF BIOMOLECULES AND
(45 lectures)
MICROBIAL TAXONOMY
1 Credit
PUSMBP-301 (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-301

1. Isolation and detection of DNA from onion / E. coli

2. Determination of Dry weight and Wet weight
3. Estimatin on of DNA by DPA method
4. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method.
5. Estimation of total sugar by Anthrone method (Demo)
6. Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method
7. Estimation of reducing method by Felhing’s method
8. Estimation of protein Biuret method (indirect and direct)
9. Extraction of lipid by Soxhlet method (Demonstration)
10.Isolation of antibiotic producers from soil.
11.Isolating an organism from soil and identifying the same on the basis
of “Classical Characteristics”
12.Identification of an organism using Bergey’s
Manual.(Characteristics to be given)

REFERENCES: PUSMB 301

1. Methods In Microbiology,Vol.5B, Ed. Norris & Ribbon, Academic Press
2. A handbook book of Organic analysis: qualitative and quantitative 4th edition, Hans
Thacher Clarke, CBS publishers &distributors , New Delhi.
3. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, J. Jayaraman, (2003) New Age International
Publishers
4. Lehninger: Principles Of Biochemistry,4th Ed., D. Nelson & M. Cox, W.H.Freeman&
Co., (LPE)
5. Prescott’s Microbiology, J.M. Willey, L.M. Sherwood, C.J. Woolverton, (2011) 8 th
edition, McGraw-Hill International edition
6. Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology, Willey, Sherwood, Woolverton (2008) 7th
edition, McGraw-Hill International edition
7 Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan, Martinko, Dunlap and Clark (2009)
12th edition, Pearson Education
8 Peter J. Russell (2006), “Genetics-A molecular approach”, 2nd ed.

Additional references
1. General Microbiology / Stanier R.Y. And Other, MacMillan (1989) 5th editon
2. An Introduction To Practical Biochemistry / Plummer David (1979) TMH
3. Principles of gene manipulation and genomics ,6th ed .Primrose and Twyman, (2001) ,
Blackwell Publishing
PUSMB- 302: Environmental Microbiology

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Unit I: Air Microbiology

Air microbiology gives an introduction about survival and spread of microbes in air. Students will
understand different sampling devices for the collection of air and an introduction to Air Sanitation
and Air Quality Standards

Unit II: Fresh, Marine Water and Sewage Microbiology

Water microbiology explains all aspects of fresh, marine and sewage microbiology. Explains about
fresh water environments and microbial analysis of fresh water as well as a brief explanation on
modern waste water treatment

Unit III: Soil and Geo Microbiology

Students will be introduced to the interaction of microorganisms and soil. The Unit explains the
methods of studying soil microorganisms using different techniques. An important aspect of Geo
Microbiology is Biogeochemical Cycles which will be introduced to students. Students will also be
introduced with Bioremediation

LEARNING OUTCOMES: The students should be able to explain

 Structure and activities of microbial communities
 Microbial interactions and interactions with macroorganisms
 Population biology of microorganisms
 Sewage treatment process
 (Global) element cycles and biogeochemical processes
 SEMESTER III
Course Notional
Unit Title Credits
Code Periods
PUSMB- 2 Credits Self Study
Theory ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
302 (45 lectures) (45)
Air Microbiology 15 Lectures
1.1 Aeromicrobiology: (07 L)
Important airborne pathogens and toxins, Aerosols,
nature of bioaerosols, aeromicrobiological pathway,
microbial survival in the air, extramural
aeromicrobiology, intramural aeromicrobiology.

Unit –I 1.2 Sampling Devices for the Collection of Air Samples,

15
Types of air samplers.
Detection of microorganisms on fomites (03 L)

1.3 Air Sanitation. (03 L)

1.4 Air Quality Standards. (02 L)

Fresh, Marine Water and Sewage Microbiology 15 Lectures

(A) Fresh & Marine Water Microbiology :
1.1 Fresh water environments and micro-organisms
found in springs, rivers and streams, lakes , marshes
and bogs.
Marine Water : Physical, Chemical & Microbial
characterstics. (03 L)

1.2 Potable water : Definition, water purification ,water

quality standards and pathogens transmitted through
Unit –II water (02 L) 15

1.3 Microbiological analysis of water : (02 L)

Indicator organisms and their detection in water-
Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and E. coli, Fecal
Streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, Viruses and
Nanobacteria.
Aeromonas hydrophila – Emerging pathogen of Water
Microbiology
 (B) Sewage Microbiology :
1.4 Modern Waste Water treatment : Primary,
Secondary and Tertiary Treatment. (02 L)

1.5 The nature of wastewater and Monitoring of waste

water treatment process (BOD,COD). (02 L)

1.6 Removal of Pathogens by Sewage treatment

processes and detection of heavy metals by modern
techniques. (01 L)

1.7 Sludge Processing. (01 L)

1.8 Disposal of treated waste water and biosolids. (02 L)

Soil and Geo Microbiology 15 lectures.

1.1 Terrestrial Environment (02 L)
Soil- Definition, Composition, function , Textural
Triangle Types of soil microorganisms and their
activities

1.2 Methods of studying soil microorganisms (05 L)

Sampling, Cultural methods, Physiological methods,
Unit III Immunological methods, Nucleic acid based 15
methods, Radioisotope techniques

1.3 Biogeochemical Cycles :

Gaseous Cycles - Carbon cycle & Nitrogen cycle.
Sedimental Cycles - Sulphur cycle, Phosphorus Cycle
& Iron cycle (06 L)

1.4 Soil Bioremediation (02 L)

 Practical Course I PUSMBP-302 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Course Credit
Unit PRACTICALS
Code (45 lectures)
PUSMBP- Environmental Microbiology
302 (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-302

1. Enumeration of microorganisms in air and study of its load after

fumigation
2. Study of air microflora and determination of sedimentation rate
3. Routine analysis of water
a. Standard Plate Count
b. Detection of coliforms in water: Presumptive Test, Confirmed Test and
Completed Test
c. Rapid Detection of E.coli by MUG Technique (Demonstration)
1
4. Waste water analysis
a. Study of microbial flora in raw and treated sewage
b. Determination of total solids in wastewater
c. Determination of BOD and COD of wastewater
5. Total viable count of soil microflora
6. Isolation of bacteria, Actinomycetes and fungi from soil
7. Enrichment and isolation of Nitrosifiers, Nitrifiers, Cellulose degraders,
Sulphate reducers and Phosphate solubilisers from soil
8. Winogradskys column
9. Visit to a sewage treatment plant or water purification plant

REFERENCES: PUSMB 302

1. Environmental Microbiology , 2nd Edition; Raina M. Maier, Ian L. Pepper, Charles P.Gerba,
2010 Academic Press
2. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology , 7thEditon; A.J. Salle ,Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Company
3. Air Quality Standards- NAAQS Manual , Volume I
4. Prescott’s Microbiology, 8th Edition; Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood, Christopher
J.Woolverton,2011, Mc Graw Hill International Edition
5. Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th Edition , Frobisher, Hinsdill, Crabtree, Goodheart,
1974, Saunders College Publishing
6. Introduction to Environmental Microbiology – Barbara Kolwzan , WaldemarAdamiak (E
Book)
7. Soil Microbiology-4th Edition, N.S Subba Rao,2000, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt Ltd
PUSMB - 303: BASICS OF IMMUNOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Unit I : Innate Immunity and Immune System

In this unit students will get to know about innate and adaptive immunity. Students will learn about
the cells and organs of the immune system. Also complement and its role.

Unit II : Common infectious diseases, Epidemiology and public health awareness

This unit introduces with common infectious disease of skin, nervous system, respiratory system
and digestive system. The unit also explains about epidemiology and public health awareness.

Unit III : Diagnostic Microbiology & Safety in Clinical Microbiology

It is important for students to understand the concept of Diagnostic Microbiology, routine
microbiological processes for isolation and detection of pathogens from different samples. Safety in
clinical microbiology laboratory is also important to understand.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: The students should be able to explain

 Terminology of infection and disease.

 Public awareness program.
 Methods for isolation and detection of pathogens.
 Various aspects of safety in Clinical laboratory
 SEMESTER III
Course UNIT Notional
Title Credits
Code Theory Periods
PUSMB- BASICS OF IMMUNOLOGY AND CLINICAL 3 Credits Self Study
303 MICROBIOLOGY (45 lectures) (45)

15 Lectures
Innate Immunity & Immune System
1.1 Basic concepts in Immunology-
Introduction (01L)
1.2 Principals of Innate & adaptive immunity-Primary,
Secondary & Tertiary Barriers (03 L)

1.3 Components of the immune system-Cells and organs

of the immune system (04 L)
Unit –I 1.4 Phagocytosis Pattern recognition in innate immune
system-PAMPs, PRRs, TLRs. (02 L)

1.5 Inflammation-Mechanisms and link to

immunity (01 L)

1.6 The Complement System – Classical, Alternative

and Lectin Pathways (04L)

15
15 Lectures
Epidemiology and Public Health Awareness
Part B: Epidemiology and Public Health Awareness
1.1 The Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and
Their Control Epidemiological
terminology (01 L)
Epidemiology, sporadic diseases, endemic diseases,
Unit –II Hyperendemic Diseases, Epidemic Diseases, Index 15
Case, Pandemic Disease, Outbreak
1.2 Epidemiological Methods (01 L)
1.3 Emerging & Reemerging Infectious diseases and
pathogens. (01 L)
1.4 The Spread of Infection (02 L)
Reservoirs of infection - Human reservoir, Animal
reservoir, non-living reservoir
Transmission of Disease- Contact transmission,
 Vehicle Transmission and vectors
1.5 Nosocomial Infections (02 L)
1.6 Control of Epidemics (01 L)
1.7 Public Health Measures For Control Of
Disease (04 L)
Control directed against reservoir, Transmission of the
pathogens, Immunisation, Quarantine, Surveillance and
pathogen eradication

1.8 Current Pandemics : HIV/AIDS Pandemic, Cholera

and Influenza Pandemics. (03 L)

Diagnostic Microbiology & Safety in Clinical

Microbiology
1.1 Overview of the Clinical Microbiology
Laboratory (01 L)

1.2 Isolation of Pathogens from clinical

specimens: (04 L)
a) Growth media and Culture
b) Collection of specimens, handling and transport
c) Types of specimens and their culture --- Blood,
Urine, Faeces, sputum, Cerebrospinal fluid, pus, genital
and culture of Anaerobes.

1.3 Identification of microorganisms from

specimens: (03 L)
a) Microscopy
Unit –III b)Growth-Dependent Identification Methods 15

1.4 Molecular Methods and Analysis of

Metabolic Products:
a) Nucleic Acid –Based Detection Methods
b) Gas liquid Chromatography
c) Plasmid Fingerprinting (04 L)

1.5 Safety in Clinical Microbiology (03 L)

Chemical safety
Fire safety
Electrical safety
Handling of compressed gases:
Exposure control plan: Employee education and
orientation,
Disposal of biomedical waste, Standard precautions,
Engineering controls: Laboratory Environment,
 Biological safety cabinet, Personal protective
equipment, Post exposure control
Classification of biologic agents based on hazard.

Practical Course I PUSMBP - 303 BASICS OF IMMUNOLOGY AND CLINICAL

MICROBIOLOGY

Course Credit
Unit PRACTICALS
Code (45 lectures)

PUSMBP- Basics of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology

303 (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-303)

1. Differential staining of Blood by the Field’s staining method.

2. Isolation of Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and S. typhi
3.Permanant slides of Entamoeba histolytica
4. Use of Selective and Differential Solid Media: MacConkey’s agar,
SS agar, XLD agar, TCBS agar, SIBA, Salt Mannitol agar, CLED agar, 1
Hoyle’s tellurite agar
5. Use of Biochemical Media/Tests for Identification of Pathogens:
Carbohydrate fermentation, Indole test, Methy Red test,Vogues Proskauer test,
Citrate Utilization, Lysine Decarboxylase, Gelatin Liquefaction, Nitrate
Reduction, Phenylalanine deaminase test, Urease test, TSI agar, Oxidase test,
Catalase test, Bile solubility test, Coagulase test, Optochin test and Bacitracin
test.

REFERENCES: PUSMB 303

1. Microbiology, An Introduction by Tortora, Funke & Case 9th and 11th edition, Pearson
education.
2. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 11th edition Publ: Mosby
3. Anantnarayan&Paniker's Textbook of Mocrobiology, 8th Ed.
4. Mackie and McCartney Practical medical microbiology 14th edition. Publ: Churchill
Livingstone
5. Brock biology of micro organism by Michael T Madigan. & John M Martinco.
Pearson education.
Cruikshank, Medical Microbiology , Vol –II
 SEMESTER IV
S.Y.B.Sc Microbiology Syllabus (General Outline)
Choice Based Credit System to be implemented from the Academic year 2020 – 21

PUSMB- 401 Bioenergetics, Enzyme Kinetics and Basic Analytical Techniques

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Unit I : Principles of Bioenergetics.

The learner will study organic reactions underlying the thermodynamics of life. This unit offers a
better understanding of biochemical and oxidation-reduction reactions.

Unit II : Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme kinetic forms the basis of metabolic pathways, thus students are introduced with
enzyme kinetic of metabolic reactions and its regulation. This unit also introduces general
properties of enzymes and overview of coenzyme.

Unit III : Analytical Techniques

Students in this unit will study the principle and working as well the different types underlying
the important analytical techniques like chromatography, centrifugation and spectroscopic
techniques.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: The students should be able to explain

 Oxidation-reduction reactions
 Enzyme kinetics and word problems
 Various analytical techniques and its principle
 Thermodynamics of enzyme catalyzed reactions
 SEMESTER IV

Course Notional
Unit Title Credits
Code Periods
PUSMB- Bioenergetics, Enzyme Kinetics & Basic Analytical 2 Credits Self Study
Theory
401 Techniques (45 lectures) (45)
Principles of Bioenergetics
1.1 Bioenergetics & thermodynamics: (06 L)
Energy transformations, thermodynamic quantities,
standard –free energy, difference between ΔG & ΔGo’

1.2Structure of ATP, phosphoryl group transfer and (05 L) 15

ATP,Types of energy –rich compounds, multi-roles of ATP,
inorganic phosphoryl group donor

1.3 Biochemical & chemical reactions, Biological oxidation-

reduction reaction (04 L)
Unit-I 15 Lectures
Enzyme Kinetics 15 Lectures
1.1 Introduction of Enzymes : (06 L)
General properties of enzymes
How do enzymes accelerate reaction
Rate law for a simple catalysed reaction,
Michaelis-Menten equation and it’s derivation
LineweaverBruck plot
Classification of enzymes

1.2 Overview of Coenzyme : (02 L)

Coenzymes: Different types and reactions
catalyzed by coenzymes (in tabular form)

Unit II 1.3 Enzyme Kinetics :

a) Saturation kinetics (05 L)
Effect of temperature and pH 15
Effect of Inhibitors- Reversible and
irreversible,competitive, Noncompetitive and
uncompetitive inhibitors Multisubstrate reactions-
Ordered,Random and pingpong reactions
Allosteric effects in enzyme catalysed reactions-
Koshland-Nemethy and Filmer model & Monod,Wyman
and Changeux model
b) Michaelis-Menton Equation, Briggs-Haldane
modification of MM equation, Eadie-Hofstee & Hanes
Plots, Eisenthal & Carnish-Bowden plot (02 L)
 Basic Analytical techniques 15 Lectures
1.1 Chromatography (10 L)
Introduction to chromatography, types of
Chromatography
Paper chromatography : Principle, circular, ascending
and descending Paper Chromatography
(Separation of amino acids and monosaccharides by
Paper Chromatography)
Thin layer chromatography : Principle, preparation of
TLC plates, procedure for TLC, preparative
TLC, 2D TLC, HPTLC
Unit-III (Separation of amino acids and sugars by TLC) 15
Column chromatography: Introduction & principle only.
Exclusion chromatography, gel chromatography, Ion
exchange chromatography and Affinity chromatography

1.2 Centrifugation (05 L)

Introduction : basic principles of sedimentation
Types, care and safety aspects of centrifuges, types of
rotors , care and maintenance, safety & centrifugation
Preparative centrifugation & its applications,
Analytical centrifugation and its application,
Angular velocity, RPM Vs ‘g’ relations and
ultracentrifugation and applications
 Practical Course II PUSMBP-401 BIOENERGETICS, ENZYME KINETICS AND BASIC
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

Course Credit
Unit PRACTICALS
Code (45 lectures)
Bioenergetics, Enzyme Kinetics & Basic Analytical Techniques
PUSMBP
(Practicals Based On Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-401)
- 401

1. Problems on bioenergetics to calculate the Keq.; Gibbs energy, enthalpy,

etc. .
2.Extracellular production of invertase from yeast.
1
3.Effect of pH, Temp, substrate and enzyme concentration on activity of
invertase.
4.Determination of Km and Vmax of an enzyme.
5. Isolation of amylase, protease & lipase producers.
6.Separation and identification of amino acids by ascending paper
chromatography.
7.Separation and identification of sugars by TLC
8. Sizing Yeast cells & bacteria by density gradient centrigugation
9. Visit to analytical labs.

REFERENCES: USMB 401

1. Principles of Biochemistry- G. Zubay, W.W. Parson, D.E.Vance. Wm.C.Brown Publishers

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. D. Voet and J. Voet Publisher Wiley plus Edition 5th.
th
3. Lehninger- Principles of Biochemistry- David Nelson, Michael Cox. 4 edition W.H. Freeman &
Company [Low price edition- for sale in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal & Bhutan]

4. Instrumental Methods of chemical analysis, V.K. Ahluwalia, Ane Books Pvt.Ltd; 2015.
5. Principles & techniques of Biochemistry & Mol biology 6th ed, Keith Wilson & John Walker,
Cambridge University press, 2006
6. Laboratory manual in Biochemistry- J. Jayaraman
7. Enzymes:Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Clinical Chemistry,T. Palmer,East West Press
Ltd.,New Delhi2004
8. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, David Plummer, 3 rd Edition(2003),Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co.Ltd.
9. Biochemical Methods,S.Sadasivam & A.Manickam,2nd Edition(1996), New Age International
(P) Ltd.
10.Biopysical chemistry – Principles and techniques-Nath/Uppadhyaa
11.Outlines of Biochemistry. E.E. Conn & P.K.Stumpf ,G. Bruening, R.N.Doi. 5 th Edition,
John Wiley and sons

PUSMB - 402 : Food Microbiology

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Unit I : Food Sanitation

The unit will introduce the importance of food sanitation and hygiene. How food can be handled,
how it is contaminated and how to prevent it. The learner will also be introduced to Food-borne
illness associated microorganisms and toxin associated with animals and plants.

Unit II : Food Microbiology

It is important for students to study the general principles of spoilage of different foods, important
microorganisms which cause food spoilage, general principles of food preservation as well as
what control measures are to be implemented and regulations to control food spoilage.

Unit-III : Food Preservation and Control

The learner in this unit will study about the different methods of food preservation and regulations
for food control.

LEARNING OUTCOMES : The students should be able to explain

 Hygiene and sanitation

 Control and prevention of food borne microbes
 Procedures for microbially fermented foods
 Presevation methods for different foods
 SEMESTER IV

Course UNIT Notional

Title Credits
Code Periods
PUSMB - Food Microbiology 2 Credits Self Study
Theory
402 (45 lectures) (45)
Food Sanitation 15 Lectures
1.1 Food Sanitation & Hygiene: Water, potable water, Sources
of contamination of water, treatment of water, pesticide
residue (04 L)

1.2 Food, Food Handling, Food contamination, equipment,

Control of insects & Rodents, Practical rules for good
sanitation (03 L)

Unit-I 1.3 Toxins from plants, toxins from animals, Mycotoxins, Toxic 15
Agricultural Residues, Poisoning by chemicals, Food poisoning
by bacteria, Food infections, other infection. (03 L)

1.4 Food borne diseases : Staphylococcal gastroenteritis,

Gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella, Shigella &
Escherichia (03 L)

1.5 Food laws and food adulteration (02 L)

Food Microbiology 15 Lectures

1.1 Introduction, Food as a substrate for
microorganism (02 L)
a. pH, aw, O-R potential
b. Nutrient Content
c. Accessory food substances
d. Inhibitory substances & biological structure
e. Combined effects of factors affecting growth

1.2 Important Microorganisms in Food Microbiology (02 L)

General characteristics of the enlisted organisms to be studied
w.r.t. spoilage
A. Spoilage –causing microorganisms
a. Yeast & Molds: Saccharomyces, Aspergillus & Penicillium
b. Bacteria: Bacillus, Clostridium, Flavobacterium,
Pseudomonas
Unit-II 15
 1.3 Fermented milk : Yogurt, cultured buttermilk and
fermented milk in India (03 L)

1.4 Cheese : Cheddar, Cottage, Processed Cheese, (04 L)

Cheese Defects. Enlist other cheese and associated
Microorganisms

1.5 Microbiological Quality of Milk & Milk Products: SPC,

coliform count, LPC, thermophilic, psychrophilic
counts and RPT (RRT, MBRT, DMC) (04 L)

Food Preservation and Control

1.1 General Principles of Food Preservation (10 L)
a. Preservation using High temperature (including
TDT, D, F, Z values, 12D concept), principle of canning
b. Low temperature
c. Drying
d. Food preservatives (organic acids & their salts, Sugar & salt)
e. Ionizing radiation

1.2 Methods of microbial examination of foods (03 L)

a. Homogenization of food samples
15 Lectures
b. Methods- SPC, spiral plater, membrane filters, dry films,
surface examination-swab rinse & contact plate methods.
c. Enlist the following methods giving their application only-
Impedance, microcalometry, thermostable nuclease, LAL test,
PCR, ATP, whole animal assay, Ligate loop techniques

1.3 Food Control (02 L)

Enforcement & Control Agency: International agencies, Federal
agencies (FDA, USDA), FSSAI [website], Introduction to
HACCP

Practical Course II PUSMBP - 402 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Course Credit
Unit PRACTICALS
Code (45 lectures)
PUSMBP Food Microbiology
1
- 402 (Practicals Based On Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-402
 1 .Food Adulteration.
2. Food borne Infection (Assignment)
3. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from sweets and demonstrating its
virulence
4. Isolation of food spoilage agent:
a) Fruit/Vegetable- Physical & Microscopic & Pectinolytic agent
b) Meat - Proteolytic, lipolytic, sacchrolytic
5. Determination of TDT and TDP
6. Determination of Salt and sugar tolerance
7. Determination of MIC of a chemical preservative
8. Visit to Food/Dairy industry
9. RPT of milk– RRT, MBRT, DMC
10. Microbiological Quality Control of milk as per BIS/FSSAI
11. Analysis of Cheese/Paneer, Butter, Yogurt/curd as per BIS/FSSAI (Group
experiment)

REFERENCES: PUSMB 402

1. Food Microbiology by Frazier 5th ed
2. Modern Food Microbiology by James Jay 6th ed
3. Applied Dairy Microbiology by Martha & Steele
4. BIS standards, FSSAI
5. Fundamental Food Microbiology by Bibek Ray, ArunBhunia (2007), , 4th edition CRC Press
6. Food Microbiology – An Introduction by Montville and Mathews,(2008), ASM Press
7. Industrial Microbiology by Waites and Morgan, Blackwell Science
8. Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology by Nduka Okafor, (2007), Science
Publishers.
9. Food Science by Sumati R. Mudambi, Shalini Rao, M.V. Rajagopal, revised 2nd edition,
(2006), New Age international publications
PUSMB – 403 : Applications of Microbiology

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Unit I : Industrial Microbiology

This unit elevates the information on industrial fermentations, concept of inoculums
development and media compositions. Students will be able to design their own fermentation
medias based on cheaper substrates for industrial fermentation.

Unit II : Biofertiliser, Biopesticide

The learner will know about the importance of microorganisms as biofertilisers and also about
biopesticides.

Unit III : Nanobiotechnology and Biosensors

Nanotechnology is an upcoming branch in science and medical fields. Students will know about
nanoparticles and biosensors and its applications.

LEARNING OUTCOMES : The students should be able to explain

 Different types of fermentations
 Media formulation for fermentation
 Biofertilisers and Biosensors
 Biopesticide usage and bioremediation
 SEMESTER IV
Notional
Credits
Course Periods
Unit Title
Code 3 Credits Self Study
(45 lectures) (45)
PUSMB-
Theory
403 Applications of Microbiology
Industrial Microbiology 15 lectures
1.1 Master, working and seed culture; development of
inoculum , Desirable characteristics of industrial
strain. Principles and methods of primary and
secondary screening (05 L)

1.2 Types of fermentations (01L)

a).Aerobic, b) Anaerobic and c) Solid state fermentations.

1.3 Types of fermentation processes (02L)

a.Surface and Submerged,
b.Batch, continuous, fed-batch fermentation process
Unit-I 15
1.4 Equipment: (02 L)
a. Design of a Fermenter (typical CSTR Continuous stirred
Tank
Reactor); different parts and their operation.

1.5 Media for industrial fermentations (05L)

a. Production and Inoculum media
b. Media components :- Carbon source, nitrogen source,
amino acids and vitamins, minerals, water, buffers,
antifoam agents, precursors, inhibitors and inducers.[ crude
media]

Biofertiliser and Biopesticides

1.1 Biofertiliser (10 L)
Introduction to
Biofertiliser, Different
types of Biofertilisers,
Mass cultivation of
Unit II Biofertilisers, 15 Lectures 15
Applications of
Biofertilisers, Azolla as
cattle feed, List of
Biofertiliser production
units, Constraints in
Biofertiliser Technology
 8
1.2 Biopesticides (
 Introduction of
biopesticides
 Types of Biopesticides
 Basic requirements for
establishment of
Biopesticide units
 Technical Aspects of
Biopesticides
 Major biopesticides
produced and used in
India
 Biopesticide
formulations
(05 L)
Unit III Nanobiotechnology and Biosensors 15 Lectures
1.1 Bioremediation (04 L)
Introduction
Principle of Bioremediation
Factors affecting Bioremediation
Microbial Populations used for Bioremediation Processes
Bioremediation strategies
Advantages & Disadvantages of Bioremediation

1.2 Nanobiotechnology (08 L)

Introduction of Nanobiotechnology & application in drug
and gene delivery
Types of nanomatrials- nanoparticles, nanocapsules,
nanotubes, liposomes, nanogels, Dendrimers,
Gold nanoparticles.(Definition and applications)

1.3 Biosensors (03 L)

Biosensors: Introduction, design, working and applications
of biosensors
15
 Credit
Course Code PRACTICALS (45 lectures)

PUSMBP- Applications of Microbiology

403 (Practicals Based on Unit-I, II & III of PUSMB-403

1
1. Isolation of antibiotic producers from soil.
2. Auxanography
3. Isolation of Azotobacter / Rhizobium
4. Efficacy of biofertilizer
5. Enrichment and isolation of organisms degrading aromatic
compounds / hydrocarbons

REFERENCES: PUSMB 403

1. Bionanotechnology - Andrew and Waqar, One Central Press Ltd, UK., November, 2014.
2. Text book of Biotechnology by R C Dubey. 4th edition
3. Current Research, Technology & Education Topics in Applied Microbiology &
Microbial Biotechnology. A Mendez Vilas Edition
4. Presscot, Harley Klein. Mc Graw international edition, 7th Ed
5. Biopesticides: An eco-friendly approach for pest control Journal of Biopesticides 3(1
Special Issue) 186 - 188 (2010) 186,Suman Gupta and A. K. Dikshit
6. Biopesticide Formulations, Possibility of Application and Future TrendsSlavicaGašić and
BrankicaTanović,Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 28(2), 2013, 97–102 Review paper
7. agritech.tnau.ac.in/farm enterprises
8. Bioremediation: Features, Strategies and applications, Shilpi Sharma.
9. Bioremediation - An Overview Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 27(2)(2011) pp 161-
168, V. Mary Kensa
10. Casida LE. (1984). Industrial Microbiology. Wiley Easterbs, New Delhi
11. Patel AH. (1985). Industrial Microbiology, Macmillan India Ltd.
12. Peppler HL (1979). Microbial Technology, Vol I and II, Academic Press.
13. Prescott SC and Dunn CG. (1983). Industrial Microbiology. Reed G. AVI tech books.
14. Stanbury PF and Whittaker A. (1984) Principles of Fermentation technology. Pergamon
press
 MODALITY OF ASSESSMENT

Overall Examination and Marks Distribution Pattern

Semester III
Course PUSMB – 301 PUSMB – 302 PUSMB – 303 Grand Total
(450)
InternalExternal Total Internal External Total Internal External Total (A+B+C)
(A) (B) (C)
Theory 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100 300
Practicals 50 50 50 50 50 50 150

Semester IV
Course PUSMB – 401 PUSMB – 402 PUSMB – 403 Grand Total
(450)
InternalExternal Total Internal External Total Internal External Total (A+B+C)
(A) (B) (C)
Theory 40 60 100 40 60 100 40 60 100 300
Practicals 50 50 50 50 50 50 150

Theory Examination Pattern:

A) Internal Assessment - 40%
40 marks.

Sr No Evaluation type Marks

Assignments/Case study/Project/Book review/Research
paper review/Survey/Field work project 25
1 (Submission of Report + Presentation) (15+10)
2 One class Test (multiple choice questions / objective) 10
3 Overall conduct as a responsible student, manners, skill 05
in articulation, leadership qualities demonstrated
through organizing co-curricular activities, etc.

B ) External examination - 60 %

Semester End Theory Assessment - 60 Marks

i. Duration - These examinations shall be of 2 Hours duration.
ii. Theory question paper pattern :-
1. There shall be four questions. On each unit there will be one question with 15 Marks
each & fourth one will be based on all the three units with 15 Marks.
2. All questions shall be compulsory with internal choice within the questions. Question 1
(Unit-I), Question 2 (Unit-II), Question 3 (Unit-III) & Question 4 (combined units) will
be of 60 Marks with internal options.
3. Question 4 (combined units) may be sub divided into sub questions
 4. Please ensure that the allocation of marks depends on the weightage of the topic

PAPER PATTERN

Question No Evaluation type Marks

Q.1 UNIT-I Answer any 3/4 ( Marks- 5+5+5) 15

Marks
Q.2 UNIT-II Answer any 3/4 (Marks- 5+5+5) 15
Marks
Q.3 UNIT-III Answer any 3/4 (Marks- 5+5+5) 15
Marks
Q.4 UNIT-I / UNIT-II / UNIT-III 15
Q.4)Do as directed 15M Marks
a) Define/Explain/ the term (any 5/7) 5M
b) Give the significance of (any 5/7) 5M
c) Give two examples of (any 5/7) 5M

PRACTICALS One practical examination of fifty (50) marks per course 50

each should be conducted at the end of every semester Marks

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION PATTERN

(A) Semester end practical examination :- 150 Marks Per Semester Course

Sr.No. Particulars Marks Total

1. Laboratory work (Section-I + Section-II) 40 + 40 + 40= 120

2. Journal 05 + 05 + 05 = 15

3. Viva 05 + 05 + 05 = 15

PRACTICAL BOOK/JOURNAL
Semester III and IV
The students are required to present a duly certified journal for appearing
at the practical examination, failing which they will not be allowed to appear
for the examination.
In case of loss of Journal and/ or Report, a Lost Certificate should be obtained
from Head / Co-ordinator / Incharge of the department; failing which the
student will not be allowed to appear for the practical examination.