1.

Why did Egyptian build Great Pyramids

The complex of Giza Pyramid and other constructions are a World

Heritage Site and the only existed Wonder of the Ancient World.

At the beginning, the primary idea about a pyramid stemmed from

the belief of Egyptian about the live after death, so that they buried
items with them. In order to avoid animals or thieves, they began to
build flat tombs named ‘mastabas’. Then, an architect named
Imhotep suggested the idea of a stack of mastabas, with the latter
smaller than the former. The result was so-called step pyramid,
served as a stair that leads the pharaoh to heaven.

As pharaohs realized an god life after death, they prepared themselves

with enormous pyramid and temples. The temples are for the gods,
and the pyramid is fulfilled with many luxury items to support them in
the new world.
The Great Pyramid is commonly believe to be the last resting place of
the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Khufu.
2.How the Pyramids were built
Ancient Egyptians used simple tools, a plumb bob and their eyes,
lined up to the stars to perform perfect calculation of the life-size
of the pyramid, based on a one-to-one plan of its which mapped
out on the Giza Plateau. Besides, there was an interior plan,
similar to the outside one but slightly compensates the difference
between two grids, resulting in magical angles of the pyramid.
Inside the pyramid, there is a big piece of stone, located at the
middle of the construction and to the ancient Egyptians partway,
play a navigation role for the whole structure. Moreover, the inside
of the pyramid was carefully survey before constructed so that
each rock fitted exactly into place and space were added to
prevent a collapse of the roof of the burial chamber under the
weight of top half of the pyramid itself.
Regarding materials transportation, ancient Egyptians built an
enormous wrap to transport the materials. This embankment was
made by brick, earth and sand and its height and length increased
as the pyramid got higher. The materials, stone block was hauled
up the ramp by carrying device, rollers and levers, associated with
the power of many men. In addition, there was a hint that a kind of
rock-and-pulley system had contributed to the construction of the
pyramid. Otherwise, according to some evidences, they had used
river or wetted the sand to easier moving process, in order to
transport stone block to the main construction site.
3.Why was the Great Sphinx of Giza built

It is a common agreement between scholars that the origin of the Great

Sphinx date back to the Old Kingdom period, under the governance of
Khafre, son of Khufu. Otherwise, others argue that it was built before
the Old Kingdom period, and its human face was added later on.

Sphinx is a fictional creature, described as a lion with a human head and

play an important role in Egyptian and Greek art and mythology. In
spite of its origin, the name ‘sphinx’ came from Greek as a derivation of
the word ‘phinx’, as it is similar to a Greek mythological creature.

The function of the Great Sphinx has remained unknown yet. However,
it is believed to serve as a guardian of the Great Pyramid.