1) Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Is produced by forming an arc between the metal electrode and work piece.

Used in joining magnesium and aluminium stainless steels for high quality and for welding
thin sheet material.

In TIG the arc is formed between an electrode and a work piece in an inert atmosphere of
argon or helium.

The small intense arc provided by the electrode is ideal for high quality and precision
welding.

The electrode is not consumed during welding.

When filler metal is required it must be separately added to the weld pool.

2) What is soldering
It is a low temperature joining process. It is performed at temperatures below 840
faerenheit for joining.

Soldering is used for :

Sealing as in automotive radiators or tin cans.
Electrical connections
Joining thermally sensitive components
Joining dissimilar metals

3) Co2 moulding
Carbon dioxide (CO2) moulding is a molding process in which the carbon dioxide gas is forced to pass
over the sand mold containing 3 to 5% sodium silicate, which ultimately produces the hardened mold
due to reaction of sodium silicate with CO2.

The mold material is made up of pure dry silica sand (free from clay), 3 % to 5 % sodium silicate and
moisture content (less than 3 %).

4) Friction welding

Friction welding is a solid state joining process that produces coalescence by the heat developed
between two surfaces by mechanically induced surface motion.

One part is held stationary while the other part is rotated.

When the parts are hot enough the rotation is stopped and the parts forged together.

5) Brazing
 It is a low temperature joining process. It is performed at temperatures above 840 faerenhit and it
generally affords strengths comparable to those of the metals which it joins. It is low temperature in
that it Is done below the melting point of the bas metal. It is achieved by diffusion.

6) Powder metallurgy

The powder metallurgy process consists of mixing elemental or alloy powder, compacting

the mixture in a die and then sintering or heating the resultant shape in a controlled

atmosphere. Powder metallurgy is a highly developed method of manufacturing ferrous and

nonferrous materials. It is a chip less working process. This process is cost effective in

producing simple or complex part in manufacturing (Production) rates which can range from

a few hundreds to several thousands parts per hour. Due to high cost of die and equipment

this process is suitable for mass production only. The basic steps involved in the production

process are given below.

7) Electric Arc welding

In arc welding an electrode is used to conduct current through the workpiece to fuse two pieces
together.

Types of electric arc welding are mig and tig.

8) Thermit Welding

The thermit welding process is the result of fusion created by a chemical reaction that occurs
due to the difference of free energy between aluminum and metal oxide.

This difference produces enough heat to produce liquid steel or any other metal and allow
without applying outside energy.

It occurs without or with the application of pressure. The use of a filler metal is optional.

All components for the aluminothermic process are used as powders or granules.
9) Gas atomization

10) Pattern
It is the replica of the cast that is to be made using molten metal.
Patteerns are made of these materials namely :
1) Wood
2) Metal alloy
3) Plastic
4) Plaster
5) Wax

11) Laser Beam Welding

Laser beam welding (LBW) is a welding technique used to join pieces of metal or
thermoplastics through the use of a laser. The beam provides a concentrated heat
source, allowing for narrow, deep welds and high welding rates. The process is
frequently used in high volume and precision requiring applications using automation, as
in the automotive and aeronautics industries. It is based on keyhole or penetration mode
welding.

12) Electron Beam Welding

Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-
velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined. The workpieces melt and flow
together as the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact. EBW
is often performed under vacuum conditions to prevent dissipation of the electron beam.