CHEMISTRY PROJECT

NAME: R.SUBHIKSHA
STD: XII
SEC: A

TOPIC: EXTRACTION OF
ESSENTIAL OIL PRESENT
IN CARDAMON
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 EXPRIMENT
 CARDAMON ESSENTIAL OIL
 USES
 REQUIRMENTS
 PROCEDURE
 OBSERVATIONS
 PRECAUTION
 HANDLING
 STORAGE
 INTRODUCTION
We are all familiar with the pleasant odours coming out from flowers, spices and many trees.
The essence or aromas of plants are due to volatile oils present in them. These smelling volatile
oils present in plants are called essential oils. Cinnamon, clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic,
jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood, spearmint, thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar
examples of valuable essential oils. The

Term “essential oils” literally means “oils derived from the essence” of plants. Essential oils are
mainly used for their pleasant odours and flavors in perfumes and as flavoring agents in foods.
Some are used in medicines (e.g., camphor, wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect repellants
(e.g., citronella).

Chemically essential oils are composed of complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. They are essentially non-polar compounds and are thus
soluble in non-polar solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene etc. Essential oils may occur in
all parts of the plant, but they are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers. They are obtained
from the plants by the process of steam distillation and extraction. The technique of steam
distillation permits the separation of volatile components from non-volatile materials without
raising the temperature of the distillation

Above 100° C. Thus steam distillation reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils.

EXPERIMENT
To extract essential oil present in

 Elaichi(cardamom)
 CARDAMOM ESSENTIAL OIL:
Cardamom provides a warming and stimulating tonic .Cardamom is also an excellent choice for
the digestive system. I am sure I don’t have to tell you that Cardamom is greatly admired and
extensively used as a culinary spice all over the world. You can also try a gargle withCardamon
if you suffer with halitosis (bad breath). Why not try 1 dropCardamon and one drop of
Peppermint in a small amount of water as an effective way to freshen your breath!

USES OF CARDAMON OIL

1. Smoothies

Add some cardamom to fruit smoothies to give them an extra edge. It doesn’t Matter what flavor
the basic smoothie is in fact, the more exotic the better.

2 Fruit loaves

If you want to jazz up your banana bread or add a bit of life to your tired fruit loaf recipe, then a
touch of ground cardamom will make a world of difference. Just add the spice when you are
mixing in the rest of the dry ingredients and you will get a lovely warm, rich flavor from the
finished loaf.

3 Bread

As with fruit loaves, a sprinkling of cardamom will do wonders for your bread Rolls and loaves.
Don’t worry about the cardamom turning savory breads into Sweet; the spice wills just a hint of
warmth to the flavor and you can add as little or as much as you like, depending on taste.

4 Puddings

Many desserts benefit from the addition of cardamom rice pudding works especially well, but
you could also try adding a little ground cardamom to ice-cream, set custards, yogurt, and baked
fruit.

5 Casseroles

A few pods added to a casserole dish will give a lamb, chicken or vegetable casserole an extra
zing and makes a great entertaining or moving house meal.
 REQUIREMENTS:-

Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask, condenser, glass tubes, iron
stand, sand bath, separator funnel, tripod stands, burners), Petroleum ether(60-80°)Elaichi(Cardamom).

PROCEDURE:-
Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of a
steam generator connected to the round bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is
connected to a water condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further attached to
receiver through an adaptor. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and start heating
to produce steam. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm. of crushed elaichi. A vigorous
current of steam from steam generator is passed through the round bottom flask. A part of the
steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more and more steam is passed, the steam volatile
components of elaichi pass through the condenser along with steam. These contents on
condensation are collected in the receiver. The contents in the round bottom flask may be headed
by a Bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam. The process of steam distillation
is continued for about half an hour. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with
20 ml portions of petroleum ether 3 times. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml
conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate. Remove the solvent from
the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the
distillation flask. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note thecolour, odour and weight
of the essential oil

OBSERVATIONS
 PRECAUTIONS

 If you accidentally spill essential oils clean any spillage with an absorbent material such
as kitchen roll.

 If you accidentally get essential oils in your eye Flush with copious amounts of MILK
for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice if symptoms persist.

 If you accidentally swallow essential oils Rinse mouth with MILK and seek medical
attention.

HANDLING

 Do not eat, drink or smoke when handling. Respect good personal hygiene

 Always mix with carrier oil before applying to the skin. Never apply to inflamed or
broken skin

 Do not use neat on skin.

STORAGE
 Store in a cool, dry place away from heat and direct sunlight. Always use original
containers. Avoid contact with polished surfaces and plastic.

 Keep essential oils away from children and pets