ECE 216 2022 Student Sample Solutions

April 2023

Question 1
Part (a)

(i) x[n] is a real signal due to the conjugate symmetry of its Fourier transform
such that X(ejω )∗ = X(ej(−ω)) . In other words, the real part of the DTFT is
an even function of ω while the imaginary part of the DTFT is an odd function
of ω.

(ii) Using the fact that the DTFT is a linear (but not time-invariant) system,
our required DTFT is X(ejω ) + X(ej(−ω) ) = 2R(X(ejω )) using our result in (i)
and the table of DTFT pairs. You can imagine what the plot of this looks like.

(iii) By inspection, this is just the 2π jω jω

3 periodization of R(X(e ): X̃(e ) =
j(ω− 2π )
3 )) + R(X(e j(ω+ 2π
)
3 )) + R(X(e jω
R(X(e )).

(iv) We make use of the Fourier transform pair x[n] + x[−n] ↔ 2R(X(ejω ))
established in (ii). The rest boils down to using linearity and time-shifting of
2π 2π
the DTFT which gives us x̃[n] = (ej 3 + e−j 3 )( x[n]+x[−n]
2 ) + ( x[n]+x[−n]
2 ) =
2π x[n]+x[−n]
(2 cos ( 3 ) + 1)( 2 ).

Part (b) NOTE: this question is not solvable! If you try to solve it by setting
α0 = α4 = 18 , the resulting fundamental period of the signal will be 2, not 8.
If you try to correct this period by adding another α term, then you can make
the coefficient arbitrarily small so that you can never have a minimum power.

Question 2
Part (a)

1
(i) The easiest way to solve this is to work in the frequency domain first, then
convert back to the time domain; but we don’t need to here since complex
exponentials are eigenfunctions of LTI systems. Now H(jω) = e−2jω (u(ω + 1) −
u(ω − 1)). Since the input function has a frequency of 3 it does not get passed
by the LPF, so the output is y(t) = 0.

(ii) Factor the input argument first to see that x(t) = sinπ0.5(t+2)
(0.5(t+2))
. Work in
the frequency domain as this is considerably easier than directly convolving two
sinc functions. Therefore, X(jω) = 2e2ωj (u(ω + 21 ) − u(ω − 12 )). Multiplying
this with H(jω) gives 2(u(ω + 21 ) − u(ω + 12 )) which one can easily read-off the
inverse-CTFT as being y(t) = 2 sinπt0.5t

Part (b)

(i) Low-pass. Draw a plot of the CTFT and it should become very clear that
the frequency transform only passes low frequencies.

(ii) A band-pass filter can be constructed as the parallel difference between

two-low pass filters. Specifically, using the notation given in the question, our
desired frequency response can be constructed as HBP F (jω) = H4 (jω)−H2 (jω).
The resulting impulse response is simply hBP F (t) = h4 (t) − h2 (t).

(iii) y(t) = cos(3t), the only frequency passed by the BPF is ω = 3.

Question 3
Part (a) Let’s go through this step-by-step. By inspection, the signal will be
0 for all t < 1. For 1 < t < 2, x(t) = t−1; 2 < t < 4, x(t) = (t−1)−(t−2) = 1; 4 <
R 10 R2 R4
t, x(t) = 0. The rest is your standard calculus: 0 x(t)dt = 1 (t−1)dt+ 2 dt =
0.5 + 2 = 2.5

2π
Part (b) Note: in all parts of this question ω0 = T

(i) Using the time-shift property of CTFS coefficients we have βk = αk (ejω0 kt0 +
e−jω0 kt0 ) = 2αk cos (ω0 kt0 )

αk +α−k
(ii) y(t) = x(t)+x(−t)
2 =⇒ βk = 2 . Note that the CTFS coefficients of
y(t) are indeed even as expected.

x(t)+x∗ (t) αk +α∗

(iii) y(t) = 2 =⇒ βk = 2
k
. This is guaranteed to be real, as
expected.

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(iv) Use the differentiation property twice, which gives us βk = (jω0 k)2 αk =
−ω02 k 2 αk .

(v) There’s no easy identity for this, but you can argue the answer without
having to explicitly calculate integrals. First, write the signal as x(3(t − 13 )).
First, we compute the CTFS coefficients of x(3t) as being αk . (This may be a
surprising result, but it’s because the fact that the period of the signal is now
T0 −jkω0 t
3 means everything works out.) Then, our final answer is simply e αk .

Part (c) This looks like a CTFT Parseval’s Theorem question. Solving for
X(jω) first by taking the CTFT of both sides of (ii) gives us (1 + jω)X(jω) =
c c
jω+2 =⇒ X(jω) = (jω+2)(jω+1) . We can either try to directly compute the
RHS of Parseval’s Theorem (not recommended) or find x(t) and then find its
integral to solve for c. We’ll use common sense here and choose the latter; set
s = jω and decompose X(jω) into partial fractions, which are by inspection
c
X(s) = (1+s)(2+s) c
= 1+s − 2+sc
=⇒ x(t) = c(e−t u(t) + e−2t u(t)). I’ll leave you
17
to perform the calculations, but the energy of this signal is c2 12 = 1 =⇒ c =
q
12
17 , where we chose the positive root due to Property (i).

Question 4
(a) Your first instinct might be to try to set x(t) = δ(t) and y(t) = h(t)
and verify LHS = RHS. To that: good luck finding the first derivative of δ(t).
Instead, we’ll try to directly solve this LICC-ODE for this output using the
Laplace Transform, which is acceptable here as all signals of concern are right-
sided and we have zero initial conditions. This gives us s2 Y (s)−sY (s)−2Y (s) =
1 1
1 =⇒ Y (s) = s2 −s−2 = (s−2)(s+1) = 13 ( s−2
1 1
− s+1 ) =⇒ y(t) = h(t) =
1 2t −t
3 (e u(t) − e u(t)) which is the same as the impulse response given.

(b) No. The term e2t u(t) causes the action of h(t) to be non-finite.

(c) Recall that sampling a CT signal x(t) with sampling period
Ts leads to
n
the DT signal y[n] = x(nTs ). Therefore, h[n] = h(n ln 2) = − 31 12 u(n ln 2) +
1 n 1 1 n
u[n] + 31 4n u[n] since ln 2 > 0.


3 4 u(n ln 2) = − 3 2

(d) Again, this is not BIBO-stable as 4n causes the action to become un-
bounded. However, due to the DT unit-step functions it is indeed causal.

(e) Make use of the fact that δ[n] is the identity signal of the convolution
operator, and that convolution is itself an LTI-system. This gives us y[n] =
h[n − 2] − 2h[n − 5].

3
Question 5
(a) It is clearly causal due to the unit-step function and BIBO-stable as
cos[πn]
P∞ n
oscillates between −1 and 1, so the action is bounded above by n=0 13 < ∞
as this is a convergent geometric series.

1 n

n
(−1)n u[n − 1] = − 13


(b) Rewrite cos[πn] = (−1)n so that
i h[n] = 3

h
n−1
u[n−1] = − 13 − 13 u[n − 1] =⇒ H(e ) = − 31 e−jω 1+ 11e−jω . Note how
jω
3
we rewrote the expression to make use of the DTFT time-shift property.

(c) Use the eigenfunction property of LTI systems. At ω = 0, H(ejω ) =

1
− 14 ; and at ω = π jω
2 , H(e ) = − 13 (−j) 1−11 j , where |H(ejω )| = q 3 = √1
10
3 1+( 19 )
while ∠H(ejω ) = π2 + arctan 13 . This makes the complete response y[n] = − 14 +
√1 cos( nπ + π + arctan 1 ).
10 2 2 3

(d) Note by periodicity the function is the exact same as before. So the output
of the input here is the same as in (c).