Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 2nd Order Higher Order Filters

    Uploaded by

    ANWAR SHADMAN
    5 views10 pages
    Higher order filters are more effective at blocking unwanted signals and have sharper transitions between pass and stop bands. They can be created by combining multiple first order filters in series. Sallen-Key filters are commonly used to design second order active filters. The transfer function of a second order low pass filter is derived, showing it is dependent on the filter's cutoff frequency and quality factor. Design steps are provided for creating a second order low pass filter with a cutoff of 1kHz. Similarly, the transfer function of a second order high pass filter is proven. Higher order band pass filters can be created by cascading multiple lower order filters of different types along with gain stages.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Higher order filters are more effective at blocking unwanted signals and have sharper transitions between pass and stop bands. They can be created by combining multiple first order filters in series. Sallen-Key filters are commonly used to design second order active filters. The transfer function of a second order low pass filter is derived, showing it is dependent on the filter's cutoff frequency and quality factor. Design steps are provided for creating a second order low pass filter with a cutoff of 1kHz. Similarly, the transfer function of a second order high pass filter is proven. Higher order band pass filters can be created by cascading multiple lower order filters of different types along with gain stages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    5 views10 pages

    2nd Order Higher Order Filters

    Uploaded by

    ANWAR SHADMAN
    Higher order filters are more effective at blocking unwanted signals and have sharper transitions between pass and stop bands. They can be created by combining multiple first order filters in series. Sallen-Key filters are commonly used to design second order active filters. The transfer function of a second order low pass filter is derived, showing it is dependent on the filter's cutoff frequency and quality factor. Design steps are provided for creating a second order low pass filter with a cutoff of 1kHz. Similarly, the transfer function of a second order high pass filter is proven. Higher order band pass filters can be created by cascading multiple lower order filters of different types along with gain stages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10

    ❖ 2nd & Higher Order Filter :

    # What are the benefits of higher order filters?

    ● More effective
    ● The transition is more sharper
    ● Higher the order, higher is its sharpness
    ● Blocks more unwanted signals

    1
    # How can we achieve Higher Order Filters?

    ● Two 1st order in series


    ● But this is not good, there are much more suitable ways.

    2
    ❖ SALLEN & KEY FILTERS

    3
    ❖ Deriving Transfer Function of 2nd Order Active Low Pass Filter:

    Low Pass Filter:

    i1 =

    ⇨ =
    ⇨
    ⇨ = ……………………………………[Virtual Short Circuit]

    i = i 1 + i2

    Simplifying:

    ⇨ ( ) ( )
    ⇨ ( ) ( ) ( )

    4
    ⇨ ( ) ( ) ( )

    ⇨ [ ( ) ]

    T(s) = ( )

    T(s) =
    ( )

    T(s) =

    Here,

    ( )

    T=1

    s ∞

    T=0

    5
    |T(s)| = | |

    |T(jω)| = |

    =|

    =|

    T(jω) =

    At frequency ω =

    T(jω0) =

    =Q

    If, Q = , then
    √

    6
    ❖ Design The Circuit for fc = 1kHz

    We know,

    ( )
    √

    ⇨
    √

    ⸫√ ( )

    ⇨ √

    ⇨ √

    ⇨
    √

    =
    √
    = 22.5 nF

    7
    ❖ 2nd Order Active High Pass Filter:

    Prove :

    T(s) =
    √

    Assume,

    8
    ❖ 2nd & Higher Order Filters:

    9
    For 5th Order Band Pass : 3 LPF + 3 HPF + 1 Gain = 7 OP-AMP

    10

    You might also like