NAME ATEBA JULES ABRAHAM LOIC

MATRICULE UBA22EP353
COURSE CODE EEEE6103
COURSE NAME ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC WRITING

ASSIGNMENT
1) Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to research
activities which include the design and implementation of research, respect towards
society and others, the use of resources and research outputs, scientific misconduct and
the regulation of research. The different types of malpractices in research are plagiarism,
collusion, fabrication or falsification of the data, ethical misconduct;
- Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the intentional or unintentional usage of another’s ideas,
works, writings, inventions, documents, papers etc., as one’s own without
unambiguous, clear and proper acknowledgement to the original researcher. Self-
plagiarism is also included as research malpractice.
- Collusion: Collusion is an agreement between two or more researchers to hide
someone else’s individual input to the collaborative work (sometimes secretive), to
limit open competition by deceiving, misleading, or defrauding others of their legal
rights, or in gaining an unfair advantage.
- fabrication or falsification of the data: Fabrication or falsification of data or results
is the inappropriate manipulation with the intention to deceive. This includes false
modification or manipulation of the raw data or graphs, tables, images, etc.
- ethical misconduct: Research misconduct occurs when a researcher fabricates or
falsifies data, or plagiarizes information or ideas within a research report. The
misconduct must be committed intentionally, and the allegation must be proven by
sufficient evidence.

2) Intellectual property rights are legal rights that provide creators protection for original
works, inventions, or the appearance of products, artistic works, scientific developments,
etc. There are four main types of intellectual property rights; patents, trademarks,
copyrights, and trade secrets.
- Trademarks protect logos, sounds, words, colors, or symbols used by a company to
distinguish its service or product. 
- Patents is an exclusive right granted for an invention. Generally speaking, a patent
provides the patent owner with the right to decide how - or whether - the invention
can be used by others.
The three types of patents consist of:
 Design patents: Protection for the aesthetics of a device or invention. 
  Plant patents: Safeguards for new varieties of plants.
 Utility patents: Protection for a product that serves a practical purpose and is
useful.
- Copyright law protects the rights of the original creator of original works of
intellectual property. Unlike patents, copyrights must be tangible.
- Trade secrets are a company’s intellectual property that isn’t public, has economic
value, and carries information. They may be a formula, recipe, or process used to gain
a competitive advantage.

3) RESEARCH PROPOSAL:
SEEKING FUNDING TO SOLVE PROBLEM OF POOR LIGHTING ON UBA
CAMPUS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
Lighting space is an issue for any urban environment and it is especially necessary for
UBA campus to provide adequate lighting due to the variability of its inhabitant’s
schedule and the sheer number of users, the proximity to forested terrain and increased
occurrences of voyeurism and harassment has decreased student’s perceived levels of
safety on campus at night. One reason continuously stated for the lack of safety is
inadequate lighting in and around residence halls.
This proposal aims to provide recommendations for a short-term solution regarding
lighting upgrades at the UBA campus to increase safety until a full retrofit can be
designed and implemented by the university
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
During the initial review of the lighting scenario on the campus, problem areas were
mostly discovered along one of the major entrances of the university that led to ASANJI,
UBA ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK, IT CENTER, AMPHI 340, NAHPI STONE
BUILDING AND BUILDING, Problem areas were considered any area with a general
lighting deficiency: flickering light, too little light, and/or poor light transition between
forested area and path. Many students felt uncomfortable in taking these paths in the
night due to this lighting problem.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
- What does it entail to improve lighting system in a campus?
- Which are the appropriate methods to solve this problem?
- How do we improve student’s safety through a better lighting system?
OBJECTIVES:
- OVERALL OBJECTIVE: Improve student’s perceived safety by upgrading lighting
throughout the UBA campus in a sustainable manner.
- SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Our proposed temporary lighting upgrades will improve on
the current situation by creating a central, well-lit route through the campus. This
project is focused on a short-term solution to help current UBA campus while a long-
term solution is found and implemented. Within the scope of the long-term project
 being conducted by facilities, this project will include directives for including a
student voice in the decision-making process.
METHODOLOGY:

1) Initial student survey input: To understand specific concerns of current UBA

campus, a survey was conducted pertaining to areas of concern and routes taken
by students.
2) Research: we conducted research regarding various types of LED lights, along
with various wall mount light fixtures that would be effective on the campus. We
also 5 researched possible ways to light portions of the desired routes connecting
the campus with solar powered lights
3) Student voice: To fully integrate a student voice into the project already being
conducted by the facilities and electrical engineers on campus, we will conduct a
thorough survey of the current UBA campus residents
4) Funding and Implementation: Funding request would be through University
Residences, as they oversee campus lighting and Once funding is secured,
lighting upgrades will be purchased via online suppliers or vendors depending on
what types of lighting upgrades are viable with the available funding.
5) Project Timeline: The timeline for this project will be short, since only a few
problem lights will be replaced, being between 1-2 months.
BUDGET ESTIMATION:

An estimated budget for replacing the wall mounted lights is around 150,000FCFA
considering the man hours for installing the lights and the cost of materials. For this
project, we are focusing on replacing the wall mounted lights along the main arterial
of the campus.
- Sustainability: Replacing the wall mounted lights is a short-term project that will
only need to be implemented once. The only maintenance required is replacing the
light bulbs when they expire, but with the long lifetime of LED lights, the cost of
replacement bulbs is marginal.
- Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitoring of the proposed lighting can be performed
by the groundskeepers on the campus to ensure the lights are well maintained and that
the lights are not vandalized. An evaluation of the project can be done through
student survey to see if the lighting improves the sense of safety in the campus. The
survey can be conducted through the sustainability representatives living on the
campus.