CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter outlines the research design and methods used

in this research, design of the project, allocation, locale of

the study, data collection or gathering, data gathering

procedure, including the questionnaire interviews, respondents,

and data analysis procedure are covered in this said chapter.

Research Design

Quantitative research methods focus on objective

measurements and statistical, mathematical, or numerical

analysis of data acquired through polls, questionnaires, and

surveys, as well as modifying pre-existing statistical data

using computing tools. The researchers have decided to conduct

this study using a research survey and questionnaire approach.

Survey research is defined as the process of conducting

research using surveys that researchers send to survey

respondents, whereas a questionnaire is a research instrument

that consists of a set of questions or other types of prompts

that aims to collect information from a respondent, according to

Hubert(2021). A typical research questionnaire has a combination

of closed-ended and open-ended questions. Survey data is then

statistically examined in order to draw significant study

results. An interview in research is a conversation where

questions are asked to elicit information. The interviewer is

usually a professional or paid researcher, sometimes trained,

who poses questions to the interviewee, in an alternating series

of usually brief questions and answers.

This study aims to use Survey and Questionnaire interviews to

assess the effectiveness of salt water fuel cells with different

levels of salt content in producing electricity.

Pre-Experimental Phase

1. The researchers will manufacture the design of the

container.

2. The researchers will list down all the materials that

are needed.

3. The researchers will collect and recycle the plastics

required in constructing the body of the project.

4. The researchers will prepare all the materials/tools,

equipment, and the people doing the task.

5. The researchers will start to manufacture the desired

design.
Experimental Phase

Then, the researchers will do the actual data

collection following these steps:

1. The researchers will check the component of the

design. They are looking in-depth at the durability

and the functions.

2. The researchers will assemble the wirings’ interior

functionality.

3. The researchers will now build all the pieces into one

product.

4. The researchers are now going to test the finished

product and evaluate the wirings and the

functionality.

5. The researchers will directly distribute the finished

product to our chosen respondents. Given the

instructions.

6. During the Data collection, provided questionnaires

will be used to guide as the researchers conduct the

interview.

7. The researchers will ask for consent to record the

interview for reference of the researchers.

8. After collecting the data, the researchers will

express their gratitude for the respondents' time and

participation.
Design of the Project

For the design of the project, the researchers will be

testing three prototypes in order to test out what is the best

model of the project.

Below are the interior designs of our saltwater lamps:

Exterior Design of our Project:

The exterior of our design may be made up of recycled

materials such as plastic bottles.

Allocation

Materials Price
HW LED Bulb 12V P102
Wires/Cables P30-95
Magnet(round) P155
Copper P120
Container recycled
Switch P70

Locale of the Study

In the making of our study, we will choose the most

appropriate location to meet up and start the making of our

project. And in the testing of the respondents for our project,

it will be held in Barangay St. Luciana, Cauayan City Isabela.

Respondents of the Study

Limiting your energy consumption has a positive impact on

the environment. The longer we wait to make meaningful changes,

the more dangerous global warming and climate change become to

our daily lives. Everyone consumes electricity, one example of

use is using lamps or lights. That is why, the purpose of this

study is to make a saltwater fuel cell to produce electricity by

using a bulb or light.

For our respondents, we will be selecting 10 farmers. We will be

choosing farmers specifically selected from Purok 7, Barangay

St. Luciana, Cauayan City Isabela. We chose the respondents

because: (i) they have limited access to electrical lamps and

light (ii) they need lamps, since according to the respondents,

specifically from Barangay St. Luciana, their farmlands are

located far away from their homes, and our project can be easily

used by them and (iii), due to the long distance of the closest

power source for an electrical lamp, they won’t need to charge

it anymore since the fuel cell of our project is run by

saltwater.
Sampling Techniques

According to Black, K. (2010), Researchers often believe

that they can obtain a representative sample by using a sound

judgment, which will result in saving time and money”.

Purposive sampling (also known as judgment, selective, or

subjective sampling) is a sampling approach in which the

researcher chooses members of the population to participate in

the study based on his or her own judgment. Purposive sampling

is a non-probability sampling technique in which "components

chosen for the sample are picked based on the researcher's

judgment."

This sampling method requires researchers to have prior

knowledge about the purpose of their studies so that they can

properly choose and approach eligible participants.

The researchers use purposive sampling when they want to access

a particular subset of people, as all participants of a study

are selected because they fit a particular profile. In our case,

we want to choose farmers who will benefit greatly from our

project and we deemed fit to assess the effectiveness of

saltwater fuel cells with different levels of salt content in

producing electricity. The researchers selected farmers from

Barangay St. Luciana Cauayam City, Isabela as their location is

remote, therefore limiting access to nearby power sources for

their electrical lamps and such.

Research Instrument

The researchers will use a printed survey questionnaire of

Romeo G. Seguban, Ph.D, a director, research and development of

Isabela State University-Ilagan Campus, City of Ilagan, Isabela

as our basis in conducting our survey and evaluation of our

study. We will not be utilizing the digital survey, as most of

the farmers in Barangay St. Luciana, Cauayan City, Isabela, do

not have much access to digital devices and the internet

connection may be weak to be used.

The instrument used for gathering data in this study is a

questionnaire made for an interview. The mentioned instrument

was used for collecting the interviewees’ demographic profile,

and their information from the questions. For designing the

questionnaire, the researchers made it simple, organized and

understandable, for the interviewees. The questions from the

questionnaire are based on the research title itself such as (a)

ratings of the product, (b) any difficulties encountered using

saltwater fuel cell, (c) effectivity usage, (d) convenience, (e)

comparisons to other products producing electricity, and (f)

recommendations about the product. They were used to accommodate

opinionated/feedback answers from the interviewees for

researchers to know the effectiveness of saltwater fuel cells

and allowed the researchers to collect them also for the study.
Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure will undergo two significant

phases prior to the experimental phase. Moreover, The

researchers were able to conduct the study effectively because

they were able to collect data from the respondents through an

orderly approach.

To collect data from the respondents, the researchers went

through the following steps. They wrote the respondents a

letter. The survey questionnaire was produced by the researchers

for the intended respondents. The researchers counted, examined,

and interpreted the survey results after gathering the responses

from the respondents.

For a more in-depth explanation, here, we explain the step by

step procedures of the process in making the saltwater fuel

cell.

1. The container's design will be manufactured by the

researchers.

2. The researchers will make a list of all the supplies

required.

3. The materials used in the project's body will be collected

and recycled by the researchers.

4. The researchers will prepare all of the materials/tools, as

well as the equipment and individuals who will be

performing the task.

5. The researchers will begin production of the required

design in creating saltwater fuel cell.

6. The component of the design will be examined by

researchers. They're examining the durability and

functionality in great detail.

7. The inside functionality of the wiring will be assembled by

the researchers.

8. All of the elements will now be assembled into a single

product by the researchers.

9. The researchers will now assess the design and

functionality of the completed product.

10. The finished result will be delivered to our chosen

respondents by the researchers. The directions have been

given.

11. The researchers will utilize the offered questionnaires

to guide them as they perform the interview during data

collection.

12. The researchers will request permission to record the

interview for future use.

13. The researchers will thank the responders for their time

and involvement after the data has been collected.

Data Analysis Procedure

We, the researcher, will analyze the data using tables,

graphs and pictures/images presented. Means, standard deviation

,Analysis of Variance and relative frequency values were used to

summarize the data gathered. Acceptability of the developed

alternative device based on an assessment of potential device

users was conducted.

The assessment was made in terms of overall appearance,

functionality/operability, and manageability.

For the Mean, X represents the overall respondents. N

represents the number of observations . In the case where the

data is presented in a tabular form, the following formula is

used to compute the mean.

Weighted mean. Is used to get the average of the overall

respondents from the tabulated data distributions. Statically

calculated, as shown below:

x̄= ∑wx/ ∑x

where x is the overall respondents

w is the weighted average of each respondents

 Then for the Standard Deviation, A standard deviation (or

σ) is a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the

mean. Low standard deviation means data are clustered around the

mean, and high standard deviation indicates data are more spread

out.

● s = sample standard deviation

● ∑ = sum of…

● X = each value

● ̅
x = sample mean

● n = number of values in the sample

Lastly, for the analysis of Variance, We used this to know

the inferential statistics of salt content of the water, and the

amount of water affects the brightness of the bulb, or in other

words, its lenon level. This is statistically shown below:

In addition, we will also utilize the Six-points Scale as shown

below:

SCALE NUMERIC DESCRIPTION INTERPRETATION

6 5.50-6.00 Excellent

5 4.50-5.49 Very Good

4 3.50-4.49 Good

3 2.50-3.49 Fair

2 1.50-2.49 Poor

1 1.00-1.49 Very Poor