1.

2 Your Science Laboratory

APPARATUS
and their functions
 To heat small amounts of
Boiling tube
chemicals

To hold small amounts of

Test tube
chemicals
Beaker Conical flask

Flat-bottom
flask

To hold larger amounts of

chemicals
Measuring cylinder Burette Pipette

To measure To measure volume To measure a fixed

volume of liquid of liquid accurately volume of liquid
Tripod stand Wire gauze

To support apparatus To spread heat evenly

during heating during heating
 To filter or separate
Filter insoluble solids from
funnel mixtures

Gas jar To contain gas

Retort stand with clamp Evaporating dish

To hold or support To evaporate

apparatus excess solvent
SYMBOLS OF
HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
in the Laboratory
• Chemicals – hazardous
• Observe the bottles
• Hazard symbols on chemical
bottles
Hazard Symbols
Irrritant
• Give out vapour or fumes that will hurt the eyes, nose
and throat.
• AVOID inhaling the vapour or fumes.
• Use the chemicals inside a fume chamber.
• Examples: chloroform, ammonia

Radioactive
• Emit radioactive rays
• Can cause cancer
• Examples: uranium, plutonium
Hazard Symbols
Corrosive
• Corrosive
• DO NOT touch – will burn your skin
• In case of contact with the skin, wash the affected part
with lots of water.
• Examples: concentrated acid and alkali

Poison / Toxic
• Poisonous or toxic
• DO NOT drink, eat, smell or taste this chemical.
• Examples: mercury, chlorine
Hazard Symbols
Explosive
• Explosive
• Use this chmical according to the instructions
CAREFULLY
• Examples: hydrogen gas, butane gas

Flammable

• Easily vaporises and is flammable

• KEEP AWAY this chemical from fire or heat sources
• Use this chemical according to instructions carefully
• Examples: alcohol, petrol
RULES & SAFETY
MEASURES
in the Laboratory
Rules and Safety Measures in the Laboratory

1. Do not enter the laboratory without permission.

2. Never start an experiment without the teacher’s
instructions.
3. Read and understand the instructions of the experiment
beforehand.
4. Use the chemicals and apparatus correctly and carefully.
5. Eating, drinking and playing are prohibited in the
laboratory.
Rules and Safety Measures in the Laboratory

6. Do not take the apparatus and chemicals out of the

laboratory.
7. After using, keep the apparatus and chemicals in their
original places.
8. Make sure the place to conduct the experiments is always
neat and clean.
9. Wash all the apparatus and throw away waste materials
according to the correct procedures.
10.Wash your hands with soap and water before leaving the
laboratory.
Safety Measures when Using Chemicals and
Apparatus
If an accident occurs, do not panic!