cGt/ cfTdf leqaf6 k|:km'l6t efjgfx?

sf] ;+u|x
of] xf] cGt/ efjgf

cGt/ efjgf efu ! M– ;d;fdOs hgr]tgfd'ns efjgfx?

-;Dk'0f{ :nf]s nodf_

cGt/ efjgf efu @ M– jf:tljs dlxnf / k'/if

cGt/ efjgf efu # M– nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf, jf:tljs

lzIff / jf:tljs Gofo

1
 cGt/ efjgf efu $M– jf:tljs eujfg / eujfg v';L x'g]
jf:tljs k'hf

n]vs M s'df/ kf]v/]n

ljifo ;'lr

! kl/jf/ ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf

@ wd{ ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
# e|i6rf/ ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
$ cfly{s ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
% bfOhf] ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
^ afn ckx/0f,r]lna]l6 j]rljvg / anTsf/ ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
& hflto lje]b ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
* w'd|kfg,dfbs jbfy{, nfu' cf}ifw / h'jf tf; ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
2
 ( /fhg}lts cGt/ efjgf
!) dfgjtf ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
!! ;do ;Gbe{ ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf
!@ lzlz/ / j;Gtsf] syf ;Dk'0f{ Znf]s nodf
!# ;'Gw/fsf] ;f}Gbo{tf
!$ ;8s afnssf] cGt/ j]bgf

d]/f] egfO
cGt/ cfTdf leqjf6 k|:km'l6t ;+u|x of] xf] efjgfTds ;+u|x, cGt/ efjgf / ;fydf syf -lzlz/ / j;Gt_
sf] ;Dk'0f{ Znf]s nodf
cfb/l0fo kf6sj[Gb of] cGt/ efjgf / syf d]/f] hLjgsf] klxnf] s[lt xf], ;fob of] clGtd klg aGg ;Snf
lsgsL d s'g} slj jf ;flxTosf/ x}g, aGg] rfxfgf / Ifdtf klg 5}g . d}n] of] ;+u|x /x/ nfu]/ n]v]sf]
xf]Og jf:tjdf ?g]dg s;nfO{ kf] x'G5 / of] ;+u|x n]Vbf d w]/f} g} /f]Psf] 5', dnfO{ nfU5 d]/f]
cFfz' ;lsO ;s]sf 5g\ .
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 hldg\ d'lg /x]sf vlgh tTjx? hldgn] lylrP/ ps'; d's'; eP/ ToxfF a:g g;ls
hldg km'6fP/ Hjfnf d'lv lj:kmf]6 eO{ nfefsf] ?kdf jflx/ lg:sG5g\ / ltg} nfefjf6 ;'Gb/ lxdfnsf]
lgdf0f{ x'g] u5,{ xf] o:t} g} d]/f] cGt/ cfTdf leq klg u'lD;P/ /x]sf] efjgfx? 56\kl6P/ leq j:g
g;sL Hjfnfd'vL ljikmf]6g eO{ efjgfTds nfefsf]] ?kdf, aflx/ k|ikm'l6t ePsf x'g\ . d rfxfG5'
ef}lts nfefjf6 ;'Gb/ lxdfn jg]em}F efjgfTds nfefx?, ;Dk'0f{ dfgjsf] cGt/ dg leq dfgjtfsf] :j?
kdf /xg ;sf];\ h;n] ubf{ Pp6f dfgjn] cfkm'h:tf} csf]{ dfgjå/f lk8f ef]Ug' gk/f];\ .
jf:tjdf d ;flxTo zAb hlGbg, 5Gbsf] 1fg klg 5}g, g t n]vfOdf z'4tf g}, s]lx ghfGbf ghfGb} klg
n]Vg vf]Hg' st} d]/f] e'n t xf]Og t/ ld7f] vfg kfOPg eg]/ ef]s} j:g klg t g;lsFbf] /x]5 . vfg x'g] /
vfg ;lsg] s'/f hltg} gld7f] ePklg jfRgsf] nflu vfg} kbf]{ /x]5 . xf] d}n] of] ;+u|x n]Vg' o:t}
gld7f] jf:tljstfsf] k|ofojfrL ljifo xf] .
g;'gf} ;drf/
 g;'gf} ;drf/ klg d s;/L, t'nj'n x'G5 dg}
 gn]vf}F efjgf eg] klg d df, 56\kl6 a9\5 emg}

kl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, g}lts / /fhg}lts kIfx?df /x]sf cToGt ljs/fn ljs[lt lj;+ultx? cyf{t ;du|df
eGg' kbf{ cfh dfgjn] cfkm' dfgj x'g'sf] cy{ / cl:tTjnfO{ g} lj;]{/ cfkm' leq cGt/ lglxt
dfgjtfnfO{ lt/:sf/ ul//x]sf] b]Vbf / ;'Gbf d]/f] cGt/ cfTdf leq ePsf c;xo} lk8f / 56\kl6nfO{ s]lx
sd ug{sf] lglDt klg d}n] of] cGt/ efjgf n]v]sf] x'F .
3
dnfO{ cfzf 5, kf7sj[Gbx?n] n]vfO{sf] ef}ltstfnfO{ eGbf klg o;sf] cGt/ cflTdo, efjgfTds
Jojxfl/stfnfO{ g} k|d'v k|fyldstf lbg'x'g]5 .
 s;}sf] zfl/l/s jgfj6 k|lt g3[0ff g df]lxt
 p;\sf] dg Jojxf/ a'emf}Fg klxn] 5 5}g z';f]let

wGojfb
s'df/ k|;fb kf]v/]n
tfdfsf]l; ufpFkflnsf–$, dfn', bf]nvf
;Dk{s g+=M (&$(#%&@#), (*!(^$&!$&

 d]/f] 5f]6f] kl/ro

lhNnf bf]nvfsf] tfdfsf]l; uf=k * jf8{ g+=$ xf] 3/ .
gfd t d]/f] s'df/ k|;fb a'emg';\ * kf]v/]n d]/f] y/ ..

lktf j'lå k|;fb , dftf a'wdfof * hGd] d of] wlt{df .

;+jb\ b'O{ xhf/ ;QfO;\ ;fnsf] * a}zfv df;dfxfF ..

d jfns 5bfg} d]/f] j'jfn] * bf];|f] ljjfx ul/ .

d'dfnfO{ dnfO{ b':v cltg} * lbg' eof] To;kl5 ..

b':v} b':vsf] e'dl/ lar klg * j9\b} / k9\b} uP .

;+jb b'O xhf/ 5ofln;\ ;fndf * P;=Pn =l; kf; ePF ..

cfsfzsf] kmn l6kg] em}F eof] * dnfO cfOP laP .

gt hflu/ vfg kfPF d}n] * b':v d} ;+bf lbg ljt] ..

4
a]tfnL uf=lj=;=df ljjfx eof] * lhNnf /fd]5fk xf] .
b'O{xhf/ kRRfkGg ;fndf * b'O ut] a}zfvsf] ..

a'jf 6+s k|;fb d'df nlId * y/ xf] l3ld/] clg .

bfh' lai0f' k|;fb ;fljqL efph' * x'g'x'G5 lbbL klg ..

kTgL /fwf / b'O{ k"qx? 5g\ * sf}zn clg s'zn .

j}lg ltg / efO{ b'O{ klg 5g\ * k'/iff]Qd zs+/ ..

sfG5L d'df ;'eb|f j}lg eujtL * ;/:jlt /flwsf .

tLg lbbL j}lg ,tLg bfh' efO{ 5f}F * xfdL b'O{ u'F8sf ..

dfjndf klg a;] clg k9]F * ;nf{lx xl/jgdf .

xh'/a'jf xh'/d'df x'g'x'G5 kfFr, kfFr * dfdf ;flgdf ..

d]/f] ;fOFnf] dfdf cfgGb kf}8\ofn * sfxfF x'g'x'G5 stf .

ljjfx 3/jf/ s]lx gul/ * x'g'eof] j]kQf ..

 kl/jf/ ;+DalGw cGt/ efjgf

hGdfpg] s'/f 7'nf] t xf]Og * x'sf{pg] s'/f 7'nf] .
x'sf{pg' dfq g} 7'nf] /x]g5 * k9fpg] s'/f 7'nf] ..

hlGdPkl5 x's{g' / k9\g' * p;sf] clwsf/ xf]

OR5f xf]Og hGdg' jfnssf] * hGdfpg' /x/ xf] ..

b'O{ ;Gtfg x'g\ OZj/sf j/bfg * P; eGbf al9 gx'g\ .

5f]/fsf] cfzdf 5f]/L w]/ x'g' * dftf lktf bf]ifL 5g\ ..

5f]/fnfO{ ddtf 5f]/LnfO{ k/hf * ug]{ hf] dftf lktf .

Kfz' eGbf klg lgl3{l0f lt b'j} * dflgGg /fd|f] sbf ..

5
hGdfO{ 5f]/L dfqg} elg lsg * cfdfnfO{ t8\kfpg] .
x'G5 rfxfgf cfdf leq klg t * 5f]/f g} hGdfpg] ..

lnË km/s x'g' g dftf bf]lif 5g\ * g lktf g jfns .

;+of]uj;\ x'g] xf] h] h] eP klg * k|s[lt xf] sf/s ..

Kf|fs[lts ?kdf zfl/l/s jgfj6 * km/s ePtf klg .

Dfgsf efj clg t sfo{ Ifdtf * ltgdf km/s\ 5}g lg ..

cfdf g} Dflxnf,>LdtL dlxnf * j}lg,j'xf/L 5f]l/ .

5'6\ofpg' k|ltzt g} lsg k¥of]{* dxTj a/fa/L ..

o:tf] s]lx g;f]lr u5{ l/; hf] * kTgL a'xf/L sg .

To;nfO{ eGb5' d dxfF g/kz" * dfgjtf ljlxg\ hg ..

Pp6L >LdtL ;Gtfg 5Fbf 5b} * bf]>f] ljjfx u5{ hf] .

cGg vfFbf vfFbfdf lbSs eP/} * g/s vfP´} t xf] ..

klxnf] >Ldltsf] d[To' sf/0f jf * ;Gtfg ljlxg\ 5bfF .

bf]>f] ljjfx ug'[{ To; jvtdf * :jefljs OR5f x'bfF ..

lktfsf] dg x'G5 lgi7'/ lsg * h]l7sf ;Gtfg k|lt .

sflG5 >LdtLaf6 hGdg] hlt * x'G5g\ lt lx/fdf]lt ..

h]l7sf x'g jf lt sflG5sf xpg\ * lktf t Pp6} x'g .

Pp6} zl//df /ut yl/ yl/ * x'G5 s;f]/L lsg <

bf]>f] ljjfx u/]klg klxn] sf * ;Gtfgx? 5g\ hlt .

ltgsf k|lt ul/g] k|]d b[9 /xf];\ * klxn] ePs} hlt ..

dnfO{ hlt h] x'g' eO;Sof] * s]lx 5}g afls cj .

efjL ;Gtltn] gkfpg\ b':v of] * eGg] ljrf/ xf] ;j ..

6
cfkm' gf/L eP/ gf/Lx?d} * ljb|f]x pAhfpg] .
Ifl0fs k|]d / wgdf kml;sg * lhjg ljuf/L lbg] ..

o:tf] ;+ls0f{ efjgf af]lsPsf * gfl/x? : 5g\ hlt .

cfˆgf] cfTdf ´} k/cfTdf a'‰g' * glng';\ x} s'dlt ..

cfpg]x? g cfP Nofpg]x?n] * NofpF5g\ s;/L xf]lg .

klxnf] ulNt t sflG5 x'g cfpg] * gf/Lx?s} 5lg ..

gfl/n] klg a'‰g' cfjZos 5 * klt x'g]sf] dlt .

klxnf] ljjfx xf]ls bf]>f] s'g xf] * klxn} a'´f} /fd|/L ..

csf]{ k'?if ;Fu ljjfx ug]{ * gf/Lx?n] klg .

´8\s]nf jfnjflnsfx? k|lt * k|]d efj /fVgf]; clg ..

Gff/LnfO{ lbPsL 5g\ k|s[ltn] * xf] jfndf]x clt .

tkfFO{ ;l/ gfl/s} jfns lt * x]nf gug{'; /QL ..

uf]8d]n dn\ hn w]/ lj?jfdf eP * lbg5 /fd|f] kmn .

tf]/Ldf ltndf 5 t]n t/ Tof] * cfkm}F sfxfF ´5{/ ..

klxn] jfnsnfO{ dfof lbg ;s] * ltgn] clg hfGb5g\ .

;f}ltgL cfdf x'g\ elg g7fg]/ * cfˆg} cfdf 7fGb5g\ ..

>Ldfg\ >LdtL ljr ;Fbf lbg lbg * x'G5 emu8f lsg .

Psn] csf]{ ;Fu s] nfe lbg' 5/ * lt b'j} Ps} x'g ..

;Fbf cfˆgf] gf;f] b'lgofdf xf;f] * nf} o:tf] ug]{ lsg .

/fd|f] sfd ul/ pbfx/0f jgf}F * OHht a9fcf}F emg ..

/ftlbg j'jf d'dfsf] b]lv emu8f * 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] klg .

hfGg' kg]{ s'/f olx /x]5 ls * eGg] kf] ;f]Rnfg clg ..

7
b'j} cfuf] eP lt hNb5g\ Toflx * aG5g\ v/fgL clg .
Pp6f cfuf] ePdf csf]{ hgn] * lgefpg' kfgL alg ..

ljZjfZf /xf]; ;Fbf k/:k/dfxfF * z+sf gxf];\ So} slt .

z+sfn] g} u/fpg] xf] emu8f * h;af6 x'G5 vlt ..

;d:of ;dwfgsf] cf}iflw * x'Fb}g emu8f ;Fu .

pN6} kfOg]5g\ TofxfF b':v w]/} * lbb}g To;n] ;'v ..

lau|Lof] /]l8of] eg]/ l/;n] * km'6fO lbPdf clg .

emg} lau|g]5 Tof] /]l8of] tj * jGb}g slxNo} klg ..

ah]g lsg Tof] slt sf/0fn] * sf/0f vf]hL /fd|/L .

ugf]{; dd{t To;nfO{ tj Tof] * aHg]5 /fd|f] ul/ ..

b]V5' cfh slQ ;f;' j'xf/L ljr * d';f] lj/fnf] ;l/ .

dfgjdf x'g' t o:tf] xf]Og * x'G5 of] s;f] ul/ ..

;f;'n] klg 7fg'g\ cfˆg} 5f]/Lsf] * ?k x'g j'xf/L elg .

cfˆ\g} cfdfsf] :j?k ;f;' elg *7fg'g\ j'xf/Ln] klg ..

a[4 a'af d'dfsf] x/t/xn] * ug'{ ;]jf ;j{bf .

kfOg]5 cjZog} k|ltkmn * xf] cfkm' a[4 x'Fbf ..

;]jf ug'{ hlt ;lsG5 h;/L * Tof] AolQm lhljt 5Fb} .

Df[To' kZrft ul/g] bfg hlt 5g\ * lt Joy{ 7fGg'; ;a} ..

k|f0f hfG5 p8]/ sfxfF s;/L * lglh{j Zfl// aG5 of] .

vfg] d'v n'uf nufpg] zl// * v/fgL g} aG5 Tof] .

k|Zg p7\b5 sfxfF lsg, s;/L *sf]xf], s]xf], s]u/L <

8
h;sf] pQ/ ldN5 cfwf/ ;lxt * Tolx ;To xf] of] 3/L ..

eG5g\ :ju{ g/s 5 elg sg * kTofpg] s] u/L .

g kmls{ sf]lx cfp5F g va/ * cGof]n of] dge/L ..

;Gt'li6 dgdf cf/f]Uo tgdf * olx :ju{ xf] ;Demg' .

g}ltstf ;'rl/q Odfgbfl/tf * ;bf nuglzn x'g' ..

 e|i6rf/ ;DjlGw cGt/ efjgf

b]zsf] ;Dklt e|i6rf/ ul/sg * dxn ;hfpg] .
5f]/f 5f]/Lx? ljb]zdf nlu * d+xuf] k9fpg] ..

s] yfxf ltlgx?nfO{ ul/lj * s'g r/fsf] gfd xf] ..

e|i6rf/ ul/ b]z} 8'jfpg] * ltgsf] k|d'v sfd ef] ..

hgtfn] ufF; sfl6 lbPsf] ;f; * /fHf:j xf] a'´\g' .

h:sf] b'?kof]u ug'{ eg]sf] * xf] hgtf df/\g' ..

pRr lzIff k9]sf pRr kbs} * lt e|i6rfl/ x'g] .

o:tf] SoDk;} kf] 5ls of] b]zdf * e|i6rf/ k9fpg] ..

w]]/} kl9 a'´]sf] lj4fg elgg] * plx e|i6rf/ ub{5 .

af7f] k+IfL elgG5 sfu t/ Tof] * l;gf] g} ?rfpF5 ..

gs'b\g';\ wgsf] kl5 kl5 w]/} * 7]; nflu n9\g' xf]nf .

;j{xf/f ul/j hgtfx?sf] * cfFz'n] b':v b]nf ..

sdfpg';\ wg t alg :jljj]sL * e} :jfjnlDj clg .

:jR5 x[bon] sdfPdf wg * ub}{gg\ l/; sf]xL klg ..

s;}n] klg gb]lvsg oxfF * kmnkm'n rf]l/ Nofp elg .

s'g} Ps u'?n] lt r]nfx?nfO{ * c/fO{ k7fP clg ..

lt r]nfx? dWodf Ps r]nf] * cfof] vfln xft hj .

nfu] ;f]lwlg ug{ u'? To;nfO{ * sf/0f j'em\g tj ..

9
“ltd|f ;flyx?n] NofO{ kmnkm'n * lbP dnfO{ oxfF .
d]/f] cf1f gdfgL cfh t ltdL * uof} lsg nf} sfxfF ..”

l/;fgL u'?df eof] cj elg * clt dlng\ ?k ul/ .

nfu] ljlGt r9fpg u'? pk/ * ;fDg] cufl8 uO{ ..

“jl/kl/ dfln lyPgg\ tf klg * rf]/fF} s;f]/L cxf] .

d]/f] cGt/ cfTdfn] elg/Xof] * rf]g'{ dfxf kfk xf] ..

cGt/ cfTdf ljkl/t ug]{ sfddf *8/ x'G5 dgdf clt .

dg leq 8/ z+sf af]ls/xg * lnpF lsg b'd{lt ..

cGt/ cfTdf eg]sf k/d]Zj/ x'g\ * x'G5g\ lo rf/}lt/ .

eGg';\ nf} s;/L d NofpF kmnkm'n * rf]/]/ xh'/g]/ <”

cfˆgf] r]nfsf] o:tf] 1fgsf s'/f * ;'lg v'l; e}sg .

k|]dk'j{s cflnËug\ u/] clg * alS;; lbP wg ..

hf] hf] ub{5g\ e|i6rf/ n'ls l5lk * lt e|i6rf/Lx? .

kmnkm'n rf]/]/ Nofpg] r]nf em} * rf]/} x'g\ ltgLx? .

 wd{ ;DjlGw cGt/ efjgf

km'nkflt cIftf e]l6x? r9fO{ * v'l; x'b}gg\ b]j .

;]jf ug'{ g} 7'nf] wd{ a'emg';\ * b'lvx?df tj ..

dlGb/ leqsf] d'lt{ Tof] h8 t xf] * kfOGg TofxfF j/ .

;]jfaf6 t'?Gt ldN5 j/bfg * dfg ;Ddfg cfb/ ..

Dfgj4f/f Gf} lgld{t d'lt{ Tof] * O{Zj/ s;l/ eof] <

dfGb}gf} olb xfldn] O{Zj/ Tof] * To;nfO{ dfGg] 5 sf] ..

dlGb/ hfg nufpg] l;sfpg] * o} cGt/ cfTdf t xf] .

;Rrf O{Zj/ g} xf] cGt/ cfTdf * d'lt{ t ef}lts xf] ..

dlGb/ leq r9fOg] e]l6x? * c;fxo vflt/ .

;]jf d'ns ;+:yf vf]nL sg nf} * ;]jfd} xf}F tTk/ ..
10
d'vn] /fd /fd / julndf 5'/f * ug'{ dfxf kfk xf] .
kfk} s]lx gug'{ rflxF jlnof] * xf] wd{sf] ;f/ of] ..

klxn] kfk u/]/ wd{ ug'{ * ljif lkO{ d'v r'7\g' xf] .
dg leq s'ljrf/ j:g} glbg' * dfgljo wd{ xf] ..

sf]lx vfg} gkfO{ 56\kl6 ul/ * /f]O/x]5g\ st} .

sf]lx o1 nufO{ cGg ;j Tof] * kf]ln /x]5g st}+ ..

k|fl0fsf] k|f0f bftf cGgx?g} * kfl/ v/flg tj .

To; leq klg wd{ 5 elgsg * ;f]Rg' s;f]/L cj ..

ef]s} j;]/ wd{ x'Gg slxNo} * g'xfO{ z'4 jlg .

cfTdf z'4 ul/ k/cfTdf a'emg' * g'xfO{ ;kmf alg ..

zl// ug]{ ;kmf, ;kmf kflgn] g} * cfTdf czn sd{n] .

l/;,/fu,b\of];, sk6 ;a} TofuL lbpF * jf]nf} j8f] gd|n] ..

gflZts xf] of] elg geGg';\ dnfO{ * gflZts sj} x}g d .

dlGb/ leq uO{ e]l6 r9fpg] * cflZts klg x}g d ..

OZj/ 5}gg\ elg d elGbg sj} * dfgj g} O{Zj/ xf] .

Hf:sf] cfTdf 5 z'4 dd{ c?sf] * a'H5 Tof] O{Zj/ xf] ..

cfkm'n] h;l/ ;lsG5 To;l/ * ;]jf u/f} csf{sf] .

c?sf] s'enf] g;f]rf} slxNo} * olx ;'v xf] :ju{sf] ..

 cfly{s ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf

a9\b} hfbfF prfO{ ;f]lx qmddf * 36\bf]5 clS;hg .
36\b} hfG5 dfgjsf] dfgjtf * h'g qmddf a9\5 wg ..

rGb|df ;Dd k'Ubf clS;hg klg * ;'Go Tof] x'G5 clg .

wgsf] r/d ljGb' dfxfF k'u]kl5* dfgjtf ljlxg\ klg ..

clS;hg ;fyd} lnP/ dfgj * rGb|df k'u]sf] 5 .

wgleq klg ;]jf efjgf eP * dfgjtf emg\ a9\b5 ..
11
dflg; x'G5g\ wlg b'O{ lsl;dsf * …eGbf’ clg jf:tljs .
x:tfGt/0f xF'b}g ;Gtfgdfxf * Tolx dfq wg jf:tljs ..

d} vfpF d} nfpF ;'ulGwt km'nsf *d} dfq lnpF jf;gf .

o:tf] s' efjgf dfgjdf x'g' * dfgjs} b'3{6gf ..

;a} dfgjnfO{ lzIff,ufF; ,jf; * rflxG5 skf; klg .

;a}nfO{ ;dfg eOlbP * x'b}g n8fO{ clg ..

sf]lx nfvf}F lj3f /f]klgsf wlg * /lx/x]5g\ hxfF .

sf]lx Ps w'/ cfgf e'ld gx'Fbf * ;'s'Dafl; 5g\ oxfF ..

hGdb} s;n] kf] NofPsf] 5/ * ;fydf of] wg ;Dklt .

g t ;Sb5 nfg d[To" ;Fudf * s;}n] s]lx slQ ..

cfwf c+Ë t ;k{sf] d'v ljif] * RoflkPsf] Eofu'tf] .

cfˆgfj/kl/sf lemFuf e';'gf * lgNb}5 lws\sf/ Tof] ..

 bfOhf] ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf

bfOhf] dfuL dfuL ljjfx ug]{ * bfOhf] k|]ld 5g\ hlt .

ltgnfO{ dfgj\ elg s;f]ul/ eg' * h'sf]Ú ;l/ 5 dlt ..

clt b'Anf] dflg; ePklg h'sf] * 5f8\b}g r':g /ut\ .

c3fs} 5 eg] klg 6f]ls lbg] * jflg g} To:sf] kmut\ ..

bfO{hf] w]/} lnO{ ljjfx ug]{ * o; leq hf] kb{5 .

wgn] slxNo} gk'lu >LdtL ;+u * emu8f ;w}F ub{5 ..
cfˆg} xft kfpn] kl/>d ul/ * vfg g;Sg]x? .
csf{s} wgsf] ;w}F cfzul/ * jfRg' g} lwSsf/ a? ..

x'G5 rfxfgf wg eP jvtdf * bfOhf] 5f]/LnfO{ lbg .

dfO{ltnfO{g} s+ufn kfl/ sg t * l7s 5}g bfO{hf] lng ..

ugf]{; d]Ogt efO{j}lxgx?n] * lzIff g} w]/} lng .

12
lzlIft gf/L k'?if ljjfx u/g';\ * bfO{hf] gdfuL sg ..

afn ckx/0f, r]lnj]l6 j]rljvg / anTsf/ ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf

ckx/0f u/]/ jfnjflnsf * dfg]{ hf] xf] t:s/.

cGg vfg ;'xfpFb}g To;n] * 3fF; vfj;\ jf kts/ ..

s'g} lbg p cfkm}F jfns lyof] * p;sf xf]nfg jfns .

;S5 xf]nf s;l/ dfg{ To;n] * lgbf]{if gfjfns ..

k|fl0fnfO{ t dfg'{ g} lsg k¥of] *cflv/df dg}{ 5 Tof] .

dfg]{ hf] xf] cjZo d5{ p klg * chDjl/ 5}g Tof] ..

g]kfnL r]lnj]l6 ljb]z nlu * j]Rg] bnflnx? .

;Sb}gf} ls s;f] < czn sfdul/ * jfRgnfO{ ltldx? ..

ltd|} >Ldlt a}lg / 5f]l/x? * j]Rof} s;}n] c/] .

ltd|f] dg slt b'Vnf To;jvdf* ;f]Rb}gf} lsg x/] ..

wg}sf] nf]edf / k|]d /;df * sf]lx ge'n'g\ c/] .

Ps} If0fsf] ulNtn] hLjgdf * kg]{5 wf]sf e/] ..

xf]l;of/ ca lblb jlxgLx?n] * jGg' cjZo k¥of] .

Gofp/L df/L k5'tf] h:tf] gk/f];\ * ;f]Rg' j]n}df 5 of] ..

cfkm' sfxfF hfFb}5', sf] ;Fu clg * hfg' pb]Zo s] xf] <
lo ltg} s'/fdf ljrf/ u/g';\* ljlGt cg'/f]w of] ..

b]lv r]tgf cfpg' czn xf] * b':v ef]u\g' b'ef{Uo xf] .

hfgL hfgL / b]lv b]lv ef]Ufg' * p cfkm'g} d'v{ xf] ..

jflnsf dlxnf anTsf/ ug]{ * xf] cw{ dfgj Tof] .

zl// dfgjsf] / jflg Jojxf/ * 7\ofSs} kz's} t xf] ..

13
Ifl0fs ;Gtf]ifsf] v/fa kl/0ffd * cfpF5ls ef]ln elg .
kl5 k5'tfpg' eGbf klxn} * ;f]Rg' cjZo klg ..

hyfeflj w]/} ;Fu c;'/lIft * /fVbf dfxfF ;+Def]u .

csfnd} Hofg hfg] P8\; elgg] * nfUg]5 7'nf] /f]u ..

k'0f{ of}jg e} u[xl:y x'gsf] * OR5f x'bfF dg dxfF .

cGt/ dg ldng] s'g} Ps ;Fu * ug'{ ljjfx tfxfF ..

kf/:kl/s ;xdlt / To;sf] * dxTj j'lemsg .

;f] sfo{ ul/Pdf To;sf] kl/0ffd * ldNg]5 /fd|f] emg ..

 hflto lje]b ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf

“blnt” eGg] of] zJb g} ljif]zt * eGg} cg'lrt xf] .
hft wd{ g efiff jf]N5 o;n] * 3[0ff lt/:sf/ of] ..

cfwf/ hft hflts} lnOsg s'g} * 3[0ff gug'{ sj} .

;jsf] zl//df 5 /ft} /ut * xfdL g]kfnL Ps} ..

vfG5 s's'/n] ;Fbf kmf]xf]/ g} * plx k'U5 r'nf] g]/ .

n'uf l;pg] clg cf]bfg jgfpg] * p a:g' /] aflx/ ..

bz aif]{ hgo'ådf 3/3/} * efG;] jg]sf lolg .

o;jf6 klg a'Hg} kg]{ ;jn] * v} lju|]g t So} klg ..

s;}sf] zfl/l/s jgfj6 k|lt * g 3[0ff g df]lxt .

p;sf] dg Jojxf/ a'emf}g klxn] * 5 5}g ;'zf]let ..

ˆofNg} k5{ h/} ;d]t pv]n]/ * hflto lje]b sf] .

hftdf sf]lx 7'nf] jf ;fgf] 5}g * ;femf gfd dfgj xf] ..

 w'd|kfg, dfbs kbfy{, nfu' cf}ifw / h'jf tf; ;DjlGw cGt/ efjgf
hfF8 /lS; r'/f]6 v}gL clgkm]/ * ufFhf / r/]; clkmd\ .
dfgjnfO{ t bfgljo Jojxf/ * ug{ nufpg] lo x'g\ ..

14
lo lrh ;]jgaf6 dfgj x'g'sf] * cl:tTj gf;Lg]5 .
SofG;/ bd\ clg vf]ls cGo /f]un] * lbglbg\ ;tfpg] 5 ..

Dffgj /fVg] u/]sf] h]nx?df * lo lrh /fvL e/f}F .

h:sf] dtna Tolx /fVg' xf]Og * lognfO{ lt/:sf/ u/f}F ..

5f]/f 5f]/L s'ntdf kml;uP * olx lrGtf dgdf x'bfF .

g lbgdf ef]s Kof; g /ftdf lgGb|f * t8\lkG5g\ dftf lktf ..

nfu' cf}ifwdf gnfUg';\ bfh'efO{ * x] lblb a}lg ;a .

cGt/ cfTdf b]lv g} u5'{ cg'/f]w * nfUg]n] 5f8\gf]; ca ..

hf8F /lS; lkP/ cfO{ 3/df * ub}{5 hf] dgkl/ .

3/sf] ;j kl/jf/sf] g} To;n] * /ut lkPs} ;l/ ..

5f]/f 5f]/L elg/x]5g Ptf * P a'jf sflk lstfj .

vfg] cGGf klg t 5}g\ 3/df * /lS;n] kf¥of] ;vfk\ ..

dflg; b]Vbf enfb\ld b]lvg] t/ * p8fpb} lxF8\5 w'jfF .

hflg hflg g} a'h krfpg]x?sf] * ;+Vof w]/} 5 ofxfF ..

ˆofSgf];\ kmf]xf]/ em}+ hlt hf] ;Fu5g\ * v}lg / r'/f]6x? .

TofUg';\ nfu' kbfy{ cfh b]lvg} * ;x> ljlGtc? ..

h'jf / tf; ;Fu ldqtf sj} * glng' slxNo} klg .

o;n] gf:b5 wg nfG5 jgdf * lju|G5 hLjg clg ..

efO{ k':s/ ;Fu h'jf v]nbf * ;j\ /fHo xfl/ sg .

/fhf gn bdolGt /flg ;lxt * hfg' kof]{ lg jg ..

km]l/ kf08a kfFrnfO{ klg t * nfu]/ ;f]lx bzf .

cfˆg} xssf] /fHo 5fl8 jgdf * ef]Ug' k¥of] b'b{zf ..

h'jfdf cfkm'n] lht] klg t/ * xfg]{nfO{ x'G5 lk/ .

csf{sf] dg lvGg kf/L sgtf * xfF:g'df s] /; 5 / <

15
  /fhg}lts cGt/ efjgf

of] cGt/ efjgf @)^%.)@.!% ut] n]lvPsf] xf], h'g lbg of] b]zdf u0ftGq 3f]if0ff
ePsf] lyof] .

cfxf ! cfof] cj t u0ftGq * hgtf v'l; 5f}+ ;a .

lg/ªs'z sfn/fqL xfd|f] b]zdf * kms{g] 5}g\ ca ..

s;}sf] lgufxf :j?k xf]Og * of] u0ftGq klg .

hgtfs} jlnbfg /ut / kl;gf * h:sf] k|ltkmn xf]lg ..

x/kn zflGt g} zflGt hlk/x]sf * xfdL g]kfnLx? .

a9fF} cu|udg tkm{ cj nf} * afwf 5'6fO{ c? ..

vj/bf/ bng]tfx? ;jdf * ulNTf gxf]; So} k'g :

g]kfnL hg efjgf cg'?k * sfo{ u?g\ x/\ If0f ..

ge'n'g\ slxNo} lt s'l;{df]xdf * gxf];\ emu8f s'g} .

hgtfn] lbg] 5}gf} dflkm ca t * lbG5f} ;hfo emg} ..

h:tf] Pstf af6 cfGbf]ng eof] * To} Pstf b[9 xf];\ .

e|i6rf/ gxf];\ ;'zf;g /xf];\ * of] b]z :ju{ jgf];\ ..

dlGb/ xf] b]z of], OZj/ hgtf * g]tf k'hf/L ag'g\ .

k'hf ug]{ ljlw km/s ePklg * OZj/ v'l; xpg\ ..

 dfgjtf ;DalGw cGt/ efjgf

16
cfuf]df u'0f tftf] k|fs[lts xf] * dfgjdf dfgjtf .
cfuf] lr;f] ePsf] 5}g cfh ts\ * dfgjtf efUof] stf ..

tftf] kflgsf] d'n e]l6Pem}+ * dfgjtf slxF st} .

dfgjtf ljlxg dfgj :j?k * e]l6G5g\ htftt} ..

zl// dfgjsf] x'b}df clgkm]/* vfb}df cGGf ;Fbf .

;Rrf dfgj x'Gg Tof] a'lemlng';\ * dfgjtf ljlxg\ 5Fbf ..

gofF df]6/ xf], 5 t]n klg el/ * klSs ;8s 5 t/ .

rfns g}ltsjfg s'zn gePdf * b'3{6gf ;'lglZrt ..

df]6/ sfd} gnfUg] aGb5 clg * ofq'g} d5{g slQ .

dfgjtf lalxg\ dfgj :j?kn] * u5{g ;w}g} vlt ..

dfgjn] kfPsf] of] pRr r]tgf * s] dfgj g} dfg{ xf] t <

hfgL hfgL g} a'em\krfpg]x? * 3fF; vfO{ afr'g\ lst ..

;+Vof Psb]lv bz;Dd a'emg] * 5}gg\sL sf]xL hg .

Hfa hfGb5g cf7,gf},bz clg * lj;{G5g Ps, b'O{,ltg ..

cfkm' 7'nf] ePklg ;fgf;Fu * jf]Nb}df s] hfG5 t .

;'o{nfO{ g} x]/f}+g ;dfg ?kdf * k|sfz ;bf 5b{5 ..

g;'gf} ;drf/ klg d s;/L * t'na'n x'G5 dg} .

gn]vf}F efjgf eg]klg ddf * 56\kl§ a9\5 emg} ..

;'G5' b]V5' ;dfhdf ;bfF x'g] * 8/ nfUbf ck/fwx? .

g ;S5' To;nfO{ /f]Sg d}n] * dg ?G5 d s] u?F ..

17
x'G5 To;a]nf dnfO{ cg'ej * :jKgfdf 5' d lst .
To:tf] lgl3{l0f sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] * dfgjg} x}g ct ..

cGofo rfxg] k|fl0f hutd}} * sf]lx 5}g ;+;f/df .

hf] cfkm'df rfxfGg cGofo s'g} * u5{ lsg csf]{df ..

cfsf{nfO{ cGofo ug{ rfxfg] * hf] sf]lx dfgjx? .

;f]lx cGofo cfkm} dfly k/]df * s] ;f]Rnfg ltlgx? ..

a'Hb}gg\ lsg cfh dfgjx?n] * dfgjs} dg efjgf .

dfgjåf/f dfgjg} t8\lkg' * of] s:tf] lj8Djgf ..

cfkm' dfgj eP/ kTy/x?df * dfgjtf vf]Hg]x? .

dfgj s] xf] p leq s] rflxg] xf] * ulx/]/ ;f]Rg'; c? ..

vfgf vfg' cufl8 xft wf]P ;l/ * h'g sfo{ ubf{klg .

cfˆgf] dfgjtf jf cGt/ dgnfO{ * ;f]wf} cjZo klg ..

eGb}g lg sbflk cGt/ dgn] * ulNt ck/fw u/ .

ulNt ug]{x? ;w}F 8/fpg] * o} sf/0f eP/ t ..

dgleq 8/,lrGtf z+sf /xg] * lt sfo{ v/fa x'g\ .

cfˆgf] sfo{ v/fa jf czn 5 * 5'6\ofpg] oL ;'q 5g\ ..

g}ltstf ;'rl/q OdfGbfl/tf * rflxG5 nuglzn .

lo rf/} u'0f ;j g]kflndf eP * b]z aGYof] lg pHjn ..

n]v]F d}n] of] cfTdfsf hlt s'/f * h'g zAb zAb el/ .
cfzf ?lk lo cfz'sf s0fx? * emb}{ /x] tktlk ..
18
cfTdLo cfz'n] leh]sf efjgf * ;Gb]z jfxs jlg .
;Demfpg logn] hf] ulNt cl3g} * ck/fw gxf]; slxklg ..

cfzf / cg'/f]wn] el/Psf * of] cfTdfsf efjx? .

lognfO{ dfGg' dnfO{ dfGg' xf]Og * cfˆg} enf] 5 a? ..

d åf/f n]lvPsf cGt/ efjgf * d]/f] k]jf xf]Ogg\ .

cfˆgf] cGt/ cfTdf leq vf]Hg';\ * cjZo kfOg] 5g\ ..

;+;f/d} sf]lx dfgj To:tf] 5}g * hf] cGt/ cfTdf ljlxg\ .

x'Fb}gg\ s'g} cGt/ cfTdf klg t * lt dfgjtf ljlxg\ .

eG5g ;bf dnfO{ d]/f] kl/jf/ * of] jG5 kfun elg .

;'gfpb}5' d cfh cGt/ efjgf * cfzfsf] kfun alg ..

;a} dgjdf /xf];\ dfgjtf * cj/fw gxf]; slxF st} .

olQd} d]/f] cfTdf t[Kt x\\'g]5 * jlGbg kfun sj} ..

xTof,ckx/0f,jnTsf/ clgkm]/ * e|i6rf/ 7lu clg .

hflg hflg u/Lg] ck/fw x'g\ * xf] dfgj j]Rg' klg ..

hflg hflg hf] JolQm u5{ ck/fw * Tof] dfgj x}g sj} .
To;nfO{ ldNg] ;hfo 5}g c? s]lx * afWfg' kz' ;Fu} ..

Nffuf]; /f]u eg]/ cf}iflwx? * xf]Ogg\ jgfOPsf .

nfUb}g olb /f]ug} cf}iflw * x'Gg cfjZostf ..

o:t} g} ck/fw slxF gePdf * ;hfo s;nfO{ lbg] .

Tof] lbg s:tf] xf]nf <;hfo zAb} * ;w}FnfO{ cGTo x'g] ..

 ;do ;Gbe{ ;DjlGw cGt/ efjgf

of] cGt/efjgf @)^@ ;fn df3 ! ut]jf6 z'?u/L #) ut] n]lv;s]/ ;f]lx lbg >L ;f]:yflg
dftfsf] k|;fbsf] ?kdf af8\b} lx8]sf] lyPF ..

19
;kgfaf6 ljplemP em}F t xf] * xfd|f] d[To' If0fklg .
;kgfdf b]lvPsf h'g lrhx? * ljpemFbf s]lx 5}glg\ ..

o:tf] ;kgf ;l/sf] lhGbludfxf * n8fO emu8f lsg .

kf/:kl/s ;xdlt ul/ ldnf} * n8fO{ ga9fp emg ..

slQ cfdf / lblb j}lgx?sf] * l;pFbf] k'l5O;Sof] .

w]/} cfdfsf sfv l/lQO{ ;s] * b]z} phf8 em}F eof] ..

b'O{ ;f9]sf] of] h'wO{ ljrdf * jf5f ;s:df k/] .

olx l:yltn] of] b]z d?e'ld * aGg]5 lwSsf/ x/] ..

åfk/df ob'j+zL gflzg uP * cfk;df n8fO{ kl/ .

cfh g]kfnL,g]kfnLljr n8fO{ * x]/f}F x/L s]ul/ ..

hf] hf] h'g :yfgdf ePklg * cflv/ g]kfnL ;j} .

h'g h'g hfxfF h;/L hf] d/]klg * cfˆg} bfh'efO{ s7} ..

zflGt If]q of] b]zdf s;/L nf} * czflGtn] jf; u¥of] .

x] :j:yflg dftf l5§} of] b]zdf * zflGt u/fpg' k¥of] ..

jflx/L dgsf] cfzo xf]Og of] * 5 cGt/ cfTdf e/L .

l5§} g} cj zflGtsf] lbk jnf];\ * slxNo} glgeGg] u/L ..

 lzlz/ / j;Gtsf] syf ;Dk'0f{ Znf]s nodf

s'g} b]zdfxf lyP g/klt * clt k|hfkfns .

ltgsf ;'Gb/ k'q b'O{ lyP czn * lyP lt gfjfns ..

20
h]7f lzlz/ gfdsf lyP eg] * sfG5f j;Gt lyP .
z'Sn kIfsf rGb|dfem} ul/ * lt afns a9\b} uP ..

/fhf hfGy] ;Fbf lzsf/ v]ng * ;fydf ;]gf lnO{ jg .

sfTyLg jlQ lt /fgL b/jf/sf] * ‰ofng]/ jl;sg ..

Ps lbg /fhf lzsf/ v]ng elg * hfbfF eP jgdfxfF .

/fgL klg ;bf em}F ‰ofng]/ jl; * sfTb}lyg\ jlQ tfxfF ..

gh/ kg{ uof] lt /fgLsf] hj * eFu]/fsf] u'8FdfxfF .

ltgn] x]l//lxg\ Psf]xf]/f] jlg * s]jn Tolx u'F8dfxfF ..

kf]ly eFu]/L rfFlx jr]/f 5f]lk * a;]sL ly u'F8dfxfF .

efn] eFu]/f] rf/f] vf]Hg elg * uPsf] lyof] jgdfxfF ..

Jofwf cfP/ df¥of] eFu]/Lsg * tTsfn Tolx If0f .

efn] eFu]/f] cfO{ nfUof] vf]hg * cflˆg lkof/L sg ..

rfF rfF r'F rF' ul/ s/fpg yfn] * u'0fdf ar]/fx? .

;'GgnfO{ g;ls efn] eFu]/f] * uof] Tof] jgd} a? ..

Nofof] csL{ eFu]/L s]lx If0fd} * Tof] efn] eFu]/f]n] .

VjfO{ rf/f] jr]/fnfO{ v';L e} * Ps b'O k6s To;n] ..

Hlt rf/f] lbP klg lt jr]/f * s/fO /xG5g elg .

7'luF r'Rrfn] kmflnlb hldgdf * u'F8af6 jRrf clg ..

56\kl§ ul/sg * jr]/f lt eFOdf .

21
dl/uP s]lx If0fd} * k/] lt sfnsf] a;df ..

eFu]/fsf] o:tf] * b]lv rfnf lt /fgL .

/f]O/lxg\ Psf]xf]/f] * eP/ lk/ dfgL ..

/fgLsf] dgdf k¥of] lk/ olx * cfkm' d/]sf 3l/ .

/fhfn] klg NofFp5g To; jvt * cls{ ljjfx ul/ ..

aRrf eFu]/fsf] em}F ul/ clg * oL d]/f 5f]/f klg .

df/Lg]5g\ cjZo g} To; 3/L * ;f}tfsf 5f]/f elg ..

dgdf lrGtf kl/ /fgL al;/lxg\ * /f]P/ sf]7f dfxfF .

/fhf cfP/ eGb5g\ “lsg ltdL * /f]P/ a:of} oxfF” ..

slxg\ ;j} j[tfGt lbg e/df * b]lvPsf] hf] s'/f .

/fgLsf] dgnfO{ a'emfpg elg * eG5g\ /fhf of] s'/f ..

“hlGdP kl5 dg{} k5{ ;jn] * Ps lbg cjZo klg .

sf] cl3 dg]{ / sf] kl5 x'g] * yfxf 5}g s]lx klg ..

cfwf/ pd]/s} lnP klg oxfF * klxn] d d5'{ tj .

klxn] ltdL dof]{ eg] klg d t * ulb{g ljjfx cj” ..

/fhfsf] lo s'/f ;'g]kl5 clg * 5fl8g\ ?g t}klg .

lrGtf ?lk cfuf] lge]g pgdf * aln /Xof] bg\blg ..

cln – cln ul/ zl// ltgsf] * ;'Sb} uPsf] lyof] .

Tolx qmd al9 /Xof] To;kl5 * ltgnfO{ sfnn] lnof] ..

22
Yffn] ljlGt r9fpg ;j k|hf * lt /fhfnfO{ cj .
/fhf PSnf] eP/ a:g gx'g] * ljrf/ /fVy] ;j ..

cfu|x hgsf] / jfrf cl3sf] * b'O{6f s'/fdf cj .

Pp6fnfO{ cjZo TofUg' kbf{ * Tofu] Tof] jfrf tj ..

bf];|f] ljjfx kZrft

/flgsf] Jojxf/ 5f]/fx? k|lt * /fd}| eof] s]lx lbg .

;f}tf k'q eg]/ ;f]lr dgdf * dfofF 36\of] lbg lbg ..

Ps lbg v]Nb} lyP lzlz/ / clg * efO{ j;Gt tfxfF .

u'8\b} uof] v]nf}gf To; jvtdf * /fgL al;lyg\ hxfF ..

efO{nfO{ k7fP Tof] lng elg * bfh' lzlz/n] hj .

pN6} ufln ul/ k7fO{g ltgn] * kms]{ lt ?b}+ tj ..

cfkm}+ uO{ lzlz/ /fgL ;ldkdf * ljlGt cg]sf}F u/] .

emg\ emg\ sfvdfxfF n'sfpb} uO{g\ * vf];]/ lnO{ uP ..

“s'6\of} cfh dnfO{ ltdL b'On]” * eGb} emkfbL{ EfOg\ .

af6]sf] ;j s]z vf]lnsg lt * /f]P/ al; /lxg\ ..

/fhf cfP/ ;f]wlg u/] clg * “/f]of} slt sf/0f .

k¥of] cfh ;d:of s'g eg ltdL * u5'{ d lgjf/0f” ..

yflng\ eGg lt /fgL ulNt b'O{sf] * clt a9fO{ tfxfF .

“xh'/sf b'O{ k'qn] s'6] clg * b'jf{Ro jf]n] oxfF” ..

eG5g\ /fhf “eg ltdL lo b'O{nfO{ * ;hfo d s] lbpF .

23
h] eG5]p Tolx u5'{ cfh d}n] * eg ltdL s] u/f}F”< ..

/fhfsf olt jft ;'g] kl5 clg * elG5g\ v'l; e}sg .

“kfP vfg d'6' sn]hf] logsf] * a'‰g]5 d]/f] dg” ..

lbP cfb]z /fhfn] klg l56} * dlGqx?nfO{ tfxfF .

“jgdfxfF nlu sfl6 Nofpg' logsf] * d'6' sn]hf] oxfF” ..

cfb]z dflkms g} nu] jfdfxfF * lt b'O{ gfjfns .

bof nflu lt dlFGqn] jfgdfxfF * 5fl8 lbP jfns ..

df/] d[u b'O{ / d'6' sn]hf] * lemls lnP ltgsg .

NofO{ lbP lt dlGqn] hj ToxfF * vfOg\ Tof] e'l6 sg ..

Jffns tkm{
Tof] 3f]/ jgdf lt b'O{ jfns * /f]O{ /x]sf lyP .
/ft klg k¥of] hf8f] clt eof] * 8/}n] emg\ cfFltP ..

/fhdxndf j;]/ * ;'v zflGt ef]u]sf .

/fh k'q b'O{ cfh * agdf /f]O/x]sf ..

kz' k+lIf b]lv jfx]s * 5}gg\ c? jg}df .

zl// sflk/x]5 * nflu 8/ dg}df ..

uxel/ kfl/ cfFz' eG5g\ * lzlz/ efO{nfO{ .

“pkfP s] ug]{ xf] * hf8f] ef] xfldnfO{ ..

Eff]s klg clt nfUof] * 5}g So} vfg] s'/f .

b' M v kfof}+ w]/} cfh * x'Fbf xfdL 6'x'/f ..

24
hglg gx'Fbf xfdLn] * ef]Ug' k¥of] of] b' M v .
lktf klg x'g uP * xfd|f nflu lgi7'/ ..

bof ul/ sg arfP * lt k/fofx?n] .

jfrg kfO/x]5f}F * b' Mv ePgL clxn]” ..

b]v] cfuf] clt 6f9f lzlz/n] * aln/x]sf] tfxfF .

eG5g\ efOnfO{“d lnO cfpg]5' * Tof] cfuf]nfO{ oxfF ..

ltdLn] klg oxfF hDdf ug'{ * s]lx kft kltFu/ .

cfpg]5' d em6\6 cfuf] ln sg * s]lx gdfGg' 8/” ..

;DemfO{ sg efO{nfO{ lt uP * ln cfpF5' cfuf] elg .

Hflt k/ uof] Tolt 6f9f x'Fb} * hfbf]5 cfuf] klg ..

bfh' cfuf] lng elgsg uP * efO{ lt PSn} k/] .

Tof] 3f]/ jgdf sf]lx 5}g\ ;uFdf * a;] s;f]l/ x/] ..

bfh'n] cj cfuf] NofpF5g elg * lemFhf a6'n] t/ .

bfh' kmls{ gcfpFbf lt clQg} * 8/n] eP y/\y/\ ..

st} cfjfh s]lx cfpFbf klg * cfPsL bfh' elg .

em:sGy] clg x]y]{ otf / plt * b]lvGg s]lx klg ..

lzlz/ tkm{
cfuf] lng elg uPsf lzlz/ * k'u] lt w]/} b'/ .
hfbfF hfbfF pHofnf] g} eOuof] * k'u]gg\ cfuf] g]/ ..

hfbfF hfbfF lzlz/ k'u] zx/df * cToGt z';flet .

;f}Gbo{tf zx/sf] b]lv lnbfF * x'bfF eP df]lxt ..
25
\Tolx If0f uh cfO{ lnP/ uof] * /fv]/ lk7\o'FdfxfF .
nfFbf] ef] b/jf/ tkm{ To;n] * lzlz/ nfO{ tfxfF ..

k'/f]lxt clg dlGqju{x?n] * /flv a8f] cfb/ .

;'Gsf sn;n] cleif]s u/] * /fhf eP lzlz/ ..

ljz]ift Tof] b]zdf k|To]s lbg * /fhf gofF aGby] .

dfq Psflbg e/ rnfO{ /fhsfh * /ftdf plg db{y] ..

;f]lx lbgdfxfF ljjfx klg eof] * /fgL lyO{g\ ;'Gb/L .

jftf{ nfk eof] /fhf / /flgsf] * cfk;df df]lxt eO{ ..

/ftdf /fhf eg] hfu} jl;/x] * t/jf/ xftdf lnO{ .

cfˆgf] ;q' s] cfpnf elgsg * k|ltIff/t eO{ ..

dWo] /ft hj ef] To;} jvtdf * Ps gf}nf] 36gf eof] .

/fgLsf] gfsaf6 wfuf] em}+ So} * lg:s]/ ;k{ aGof] ..

cfof] 8:g elg /fhf glhsdf * Tof] ;k{ em6\k6\ ul/ .

/fhfn] To;nfO{ p7fO{ t/jf/ * sf6] 6's'/f ul/ ..

km]l/ cfpF5 ;q' s'g elg sg * /fhf v8f eO{ /x] .

/fgL hfuf eP kl5 b'j} hgf * jftf{nfk ubf{ eP ..

b/jf/sf b/af/Lofx? Klg * /fhf vf]hf}F nf} elg .

xflQnfO{ p7fpg elg uP * xflQ p7]g clg ..

3f/f] sfqf] lnP/ s]lx hg uP * Tof] /fh dxndf ha .

26
u'gu'g cfjfh ;'g]/ b+u lt eP * 7fg]/ gf}nf] ta ..

3f/f] sfqf] n'sfO{ lt hgx? * /fhf ;ldkdf uP .

/fhfn] klg hf] oyfy{ laj/0f * ltgnfO{ eGbf eP ..

/x:o h'g xf] v'Nof] Tof] b]zdf * /fhf d/0fsf] clg .

xiff]{nf; eof] d'n's e/df * l;Gb'/ ofqf klg ..

kfofF} lb3{lhlj /fhf cj elg * k|hf lt xlif{t ag] .

/fhf /fgL klg clt v'l; eO{ * /fhsfhdf tNnLg /x] ..

a;Gt tkm{
cfuf] NofpF5g bfh'n] / clg of] * hf8f] x6fpFnf elg .
a:y] cfzul/ a;Gt, agdf * kv]{/ bfh' clg ..

cf;} cf;dfxfF ljTof] /ft klg * eof] pHofnf] hj .

yfn] 8'Ng j;Gt ;f]lx jgdf * kmnkm'n vf]Hb} ta ..

ufpFb} lut 8'Nby] jgdfxfF * e]6\5'ls bfh' elg .

hfbfF hfbfF plg k'u] zx/df * cToGt g} df]xgL ..

jfns of] c;fxo ;f]lr dgdf * Pp6f s'g} ;fx'n] .

nfbf]F ef] 3/df cToGt v'l; e} * clt dfof k|]dn] ..

h'g lbg b]lv j;Gt of] k;ndf * sfd ug{ yfn] clg .
gfkmf bf]Aa/ g} eof] tj TofxfF * v'l; eof] ;fx'F klg ..

s]lx jif{ kl5 Tof] ;fx'sf] klg * hlGdof] ;Gtfg\ hj .

yfNof] ug{ x]nf j;GtnfO{ Tof] * lj;]{/ ljut tj ..

27
So} sf/0f ePdfq u5{ hgn] * lk|lt ;a} hgdfxfF .
sf/0f 5}g eg] s;}sg lkof/ * ub{}g sf]lx oxfF ..

kmnkm'n ;'Go u/fO{ kFlIfx? ;j * Tof] j[IfnfO{ tfxfF .

hfG5g\ 5fl8 p;} jvt ;sn lt * km]/ldN5 kmnkm'n hfxfF ..

;Gtfg cfˆgf] gx'Fbfsf jvtdf * /fVof] clt k|]dn] .

hlGdof] hj cfˆgf] ;Gtfg clg * x]nf u¥of] b'i6n] ..

cTorf/ To;sf] ;xg g;ls * “a;Gt” ,jgdf uP .

eof] e]6 TofxfF s'g} g/klt * v'l; cltg} ePF ..

/fhf ;f]wgL u5{g k|]d /;n] * j;GtnfO{ tj .

“sf]xf} ltdL s;/L ,lsg jgdf * a:5f},eg nf} ;j”..

eG5g tj a;Gt “d b'=lv cgfy * sf]lx 5}g d]/f] slxF .

8'N5' olx jgdf / vfG5' kmnkm'n * ljTb}5 lhjg olxF ..”

o:tf jft j;Gtsf] ;'g] kl5 * clt lkof/f] ul/ .

cfˆg} ;fydfxfF lnOsg uP * /fhfn] v'lz eO{ ..

s'g} b]zsf /fhk'q logL x'g\ * eGg] ;f]lr dgdfxfF .

ljjfx 5f]/Lsf] pg};uF u/L * HjfFO jgfP tfxfF ..

s]lx jif{ k5fl8 em6\6 dgdf * ;fx'Fs} x'Fbf ;Demgf .

cfˆg} 3/ ;f]r]/ Tolx cfpg] * ljrf/ eof] dgdfxfF ..

ljlGt u/] a;Gtn] /fhf pk/ * cfˆgf dg}sf s'/f .

dGh'/ ul/ ljbf lbP HjfFO 5f]/L * wg bf}ny lbO k'/f ..

28
;fx'Fsf] 3/df of] ;a wg nlu * 7fpF 5}g /fVg] elg .
h–h;n] hlt h] af]lsPsf lyP * pg}nfO{ lbP clg ..

k'u] 3/dfxf a;Gt bDklt * k|0ffd u/] ;fx'Fdf .

a;Gt ;Fu w]/ l/;fOsg Tof] * eGbf] eof] emf]sdf ..

“kflh cfh tns sfFxf lsg uO;\ * P}n] cfO; nf} lsg .
;fydf cfPsL of] sf]xf] eg l56f] * s]lx g9fl6 sg ” ..

;fx'Fsf s6' jf0f ePklg t/ * eG5g clt gd| e} .

“slx 8'Ng eg]/ uPsf] lyP * cfPsf] 5' ;]jf d} ..

;';f/] elg NofPsf] 5' d}n] * lognfO{ P}n] ofxfF .

ug]{l5g x]/rfx x/jvtdf * xh'/s} 3/dfxfF ” ..

?k}df clt ;'Gbl/ lt o'jlt * b]v]/ df]lxt eO{ .

yfNof] ug{ if8\oGq ;fx'n] clg * dgdf s'ljrf/ lnO{ ..

y}nf] l;pg nufO ;fls{x?nfO{ * xfn]/ To;}dfxfF .

glbdfxfF nu]/ jufOlbof] * a;GtnfO{ tfxfF ..

y}nf] leq clg glbsf] ljrdf * a;Gt aUb} uP .

s'g} 3f6dfxfF k'u]kl5 clg * dflemn] e]6\bf eP ..

dflemx? ldn]/ y]}nf] h'g xf] * NofP lsgf/dfxfF .

b]lv ;'Gb/ o'js ltlgx? * crlDat eP tfxfF ..

lt dflemx? dWodf Ps a'9f] * ;Gtfg ljlxg\ lyof] .

“wd{ k'q d kfN5' lognfO{ ” elg * To;n] lnP/ uof] ..
29
otf kTgL a;GtsL Tof] ;fx'n] * /fhf lzlz/df lbof] .
/fhf af6 Ogfd kfOsg pm * cToGt v'l; eof] ..

/fv] Ps dxndf lt o'jlt * ;lv ;';f/] lbO{ .

efO{ kQf] nufO{ pgsf] ljjfx * ul/lbg] ljrf/ lnO{ ..

efO{ kQf] nufpg] ljlw :j?k * /fhf lzlz/n] tj .

lzlz/ / a;Gtsf] syf hpg * hgn] Tof] eGnf ;a ..

lbg]5' To;nfO{ wg clgkm]/ * agfpF5' dlGq klg .

o:tf] plb{ lzlz/n] d'n'se/ * tTsfn nufP clg ..

o:tf] plb{ a;Gtn] klg tfxfF * ;'Gbf ePy] hj .

“d eG5' of] syf” eg]/ ltgn] * vj/ k7fP ta ..

kfO{ vj/ o:tf] /fhf v'l; e} * pgnfO{ af]nfP clg .

u/] ;f]wgL /fhfn] ;f]lx s'/f * d~h'/ eP lt klg ..

cfkm' dflemsf] wd{k'q eP/} * afFRg' k/]sf] x'Fbf .

lrG5g\ bfh' eg]/ t}klg plg * ;Sb}gg\ eGGf sbf ..

syf ;'Gbf dfxfF sbflk g?g' * /f]P geGg] elg .

/fhfnfO{ u/fO{ afrf ltgn] * yfn] lt eGg clg ..

eGb} hfbf syf k'Uof] l;nl;nf * h+undf 5fl8Psf] .

Tof] 3f]/ jgdf lt b'O{ jfns * w/w/L /f]O{/x]sf]] ..

efO{nfO{ cXfO{ lemhfF vf]Hg * bfh' uPsf clg .

30
bfh' / efO{sf] ;f]lx lbg b]lv * lj5f]8 ePsf] klg ..

olt ;Dd syf h;} ;'lg;s] * /fhf dlng e} clQ .

yfn] aa{/ cfFz' emfg{ pgn] * vKg} g;Sbf /tL ..

;DemfP ltgn] jfrf klxn]sf] * /fhf lzlz/nfO{ clg .

eG5g /fhf “eg syf d ?lbg * ;DemLP jfrf” elg ..

yfn] km]l/ syf ;'gfpg plg * afFls /x]sf] hlt .

Psfu}| eO{ /fhf ;'Gby] syf * rfv dfgL dfgL clt ..

;fx'Fsf] 3/df a;Gt bDklQ * cfO{ a;]sf] clg .

;fx' åf/f j;GtnfO{ glbdf * aufO{lbPsf] klg ..

yfn] ?g clg lzlz/ clQg} * cfjfh vf]lnsg .

dflem ?lk a;Gt eG5g\ “g?g' * d/]sf] 5}g hg” ..

y}nf] leq clg glbsf] ljrdf * a;GFt aUb}} lyP .

s'g} 3f6dfxfF k'u]kl5 clg * dflemn] e]l6 lnP ..

;Gtfg ljlxg\ /x]5 dflemx?df * Ps a'9f] dflem tfxfF .

wd{ k'q agfO{ kfNb5' elg * To;n] nUof] 3/dfxfF ..

wd{k'q ag]sf] dflem hgn] * ;'g]5 plb{ h'g .

syf eGg eg]/ /fhdxndf * cfP5 ;f]lx hg ..

syf cGTo ePkl5 tj clg * efO{ elg lrlgP .

efO{ kQf] nufpFbf /fhf klg * cToGt xlif{t eP .

31
;fx'åf/f lnPsL ;'Gb/L hf] x'g\ * b/jf/df cfOg\ hj .
cfˆgf] :jfdL b]v]/ b08jt ul/g\ * a;GtnfO{ tj ..

cfˆgf] OR5fx? ;a} k'/f x'bfF * /fhf lt v'l; eP .

efO{ nfO{ agfO{ dlGq lt b'j} * /fh sfh ubf{ eP ..

lzlz/ / a;Gtsf] lktf ;Fu e]6

Pslbg /fhf lzlz/ dlGq ;Fudf * jgdf uPsf lyP .
eof] e]6 TofxfF s'g} g/klt * v'l; lt b'j} eP ..

jftlrt s]lx eof] k/:k/df * /fhf b'O{sf] hj .

tTsfn a]xf]; e} ToxL 9lnuP * lt a[å /fhf tj ..

s]lxj]/kl5 ;r]t x'g uO{ * eG5g\ lt /fhf clg .

“kflk x'F ck/flw x'F d cltg} * rf08fn s'sdL{ klg ..

kTgLsf j;df k/]/ d}n] * b'isfo{ To:tf] u/] .

dfgj x'F clg /fhf x'F d s;/L * eg' ;s;df k/]F ..

/fhf lo Hofgdf/f x'g elgsg * d]/f] Tof] /fHodfxfF .

d]/f] lgGbf cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 * h'g leqleq} TofxfF ..

d]/} k'q ltdL b'O{ elgsg * lglZrt 5' d ca .

lhljt 5f} ltdLx? eGg] dgdf * lyPg s]xL tj ..

b}j ;+of]]u cfh e]6 x'g uof] * xfdLx?sf] oxfF .

afFRof} s;f]u/L dnfO{ eg nf} * a:5f} lg clxn] sxfF ..

sflG5 d'df ltdLx?sL pgsf * ;Gtfg gx'bfdfxfF .

32
/fhfsf] cj j+z gfz x'guof] * eG5g k|hfn] pxfF .

al:5g\ ;Fbf lt ltd|f d'df 3/df * ;Dem]/ ltdLx? .

ef]s lgGb|f ltgdf t 5}g slxNo} * ?lG5g\ lt w'?w'? ..

x] afj'x? xf] d eGb5' s]lx * arg lktfsf] elg .

b]p Ifdf dnfO{ ltdL b'O{n] * cfˆg} lktf x'g elg” ..

olt jft lktfhLsf] ;'lg lnP * lt bfh' efOn] hj .

sx] ;f/f j[tfGt cfˆgf] hlt xf] * vf]n]/ cfTdf tj ..

“ljZjf; ub{5fF} k'0f{ xfdLx?n] * xh'/nfO{ cj .

lrGtf s]lx klg glng/xg' xf];\ * xfdLx?sf] tj ..

ulNtsf] dx;'z ul/ ;'wf/l/g' * Ifdf kfpg' t xf] .

ug'{ ljZjf; k'g : To;sg clg * Ifdf lbg'g} t xf]” ..

u5{g km]/L lzlz/ gd| lgj]bg * lktflhsf ;fd'df .

“xfd|f] ;fydfxfF xh'/ hfg'xj\; * h'g xfd|f] /fHodfxfF” ..

cfˆgf k'qsf aft d~h'/ ul/ * cfP lt b/jf/df .

/fh sfh rfn rng b]lv lzlz/sf] * v'lz lnP dgdfxfF ..

s]lx lbg TofxfF /lx sg clg * kmls{g] ljrf/ eO{ .

nfu] eGg lt /fhf k'q b'O{nfO{ * clt lkof/f] ul/ ..

“x] afa'x? xf] d eGb5' cj * clGtd OR5f oxfF .

l:jsfg]{ 5f} cjZo of] ltdLx? * eGg] ;f]lr dgdfxfF ..

33
lzlz/ ltdL olx rnfp /fhsfh * v'lz u/fp hg .
lo a;Gt ag'g\ dfxfF/fhf lw/fh * hGd b]z uO{sg ..

dGfdf lrGtf x'Fbf dnfO{ cltg} * l7s 5}g s'g} s'/f .

e|i6rf/ cZfflGt / ul/la g} * b]z} e/L 5 k'/f ..

afa' ltdL a;Gtn] uO{ cj * /fHosf] ;+/rgf .

;Dk'0f{} kl/jt{g u/ TofxfF * nf]ssf] a'lem rfxfgf ..

oltjft ;'lg;s]kl5 clg * lzlz/ a;Gtn] .

lktfs} ;fydf a;Gt bDklt * lzlz/ hfbfF eP ..

k'u] hj ltgLx? Dfxndf * b]lvg\ /fgLn] clg .

nflug\ ;f]wgL ug{ /fhf ;Fudf * cfuGt's sf] x'g elg ..

kl/ro eof] /fgLsf ;Fudf * lzlz/ a;Gtsf] .

/flv lz/ lt k'qsf sfvdfxfF * /f]Og\ lt /flg cxf] ..

?b}F elG5g lt /fgL k'q b'O{nfO{ * “x] afa' clxn] oxfF .

cfof} cfh s;f]/L eg klxn] * a:Yof} s;f]/L sxfF ..

Ifl0fs cfj]udf /x]/ d}n] * kTy/ ;l/ dg ul/ .

dfg{ elg k7fPF ltdL b'O{nfO{ * Ifdf b]p of] 3l/ ..

;f}tf k'q eg]/ ;f]lr dgdf * d}n] lt/:sf/ u/]F .

Tolx kfkn] ubf{ cfh tns * afFemL eP/} /x]F ..

afRg'g} ltdLx? b'O{ bfh' efO{ * efUo xf] xfd|f] tj .

dg]{ a]nfdfxfF klg t ;lhn} * ;f; hfG5 xfd|f] ca” ..
34
/flgsf s?0ffdo jrg lo * ;'g]/ lt k'qn] .
kfpdf lz/ /flv b08jt u/] * “d'df” elg k|]dn] ..

cfkm' lhljt 5bfF 5b} g[kltn] * a;GtnfO{ tfxfF .

3f]if0ff ul/ /fhf ;"lDk /fhsfh\ * cfkm' lxF8] lty{df ..

efO{ /fhf agfO{ lzlz/ clg * kmls{P :jb]zdf .

b'O{ b]z ljrdf ;DaGw bl/nf] * aGb} uof] emg\ TofxfF ..

/fhf a;Gt tkm{

Dff/LP elgPsf /fhk'q * /fhf ePsf elg .
pT;j w]/} eof] d'n's e/df * l;Gb'/ ofqf klg ..

dfg{ elg k7fPsf afns lt * arfpg] hf] hf] lyP .

ltgsf] kQf] nufO{ /fhfn] clg * as\l;; w]/} lbP ..

;8s afnjflns cfˆgf] b]zdf * hlt /x]sf lyP .

/flv afn u[xdfxfF lt ;jsf] * ;+/If0f ubf{ eP ..

a:b}gy] a;Gt /fHfdxndf * ef]u]/ zflGt ;'v .

hgtfsf 3/b}nf]df k'lusg * a'Hy] lt ;'v b'Mv ..

hgtf sf]lx st} ;'s'djf;L gx'g\ * gx'g\ a]/f]huf/ klg .

b]Vg ;'Gg gk/f];\ cfˆgf hgtf * 5g\ ef]sf gfªuf elg ..

;/sf/n] hf] lbPsf] cfˆgf] ;'ljwf * hgtfdf g} vlr{b} .

“hgtf ;'lv x'g'g} d]/f] ;'v xf]” * eGy] lt /fhf ;Fw} ..

“/fhf x'g't o:tf] kf] x'g' elg * hgtf ;j} eGby] .

35
a|Xdf,lji0f',dx]Zj/ log} elg * pgnfO{ ;Fw} k'Hby] ..

 ;'Gw/fsf] ;f}Gbo{tf

;fgf] d]/f] hflu/ lyof] Ct' g;{l/df .

sfd k¥of] ;'Gwf/fdf em/gf agfpg ..
;'Gwf/fsf] ;f]Gbo{n] d]/f] dg lvRof] .
d leqsf] cGt/dgn] o:tf] efj /Rof] ..

cfxf Û of] slt /fdf] ;'Gw/f cxf] Û * ;f}Gbo{ emNsfpg] .

b'jf]sf] xl/ofnL 5 ;jlt/ * ko{6s kNsfpg] ..

rf/}lt/ rd]gfu[x klg 5g\ * a:g] kmn}rfx? .

af;gf km'nsf] 5 ofF dudlu * 5g\ j[If s]lx c? ..

/Ën] /ËLPsf ;'j0f{ udnf * 5g km'n yl/yl/ .

;]tf],lxdfn em} ofF 6NsL /x]5 * kvf{n jl/kl/ ..

;Dk'0f{} /fhwflg b[io b]lvg] * cUnf] 5 w/x/f .

b]lvG5 TofxfFjf6 ;'Gb/ gu/L * sf7df08f} x/fe/f ..

emNsf] kxf8sf] ;Fbf;Fbf lbg] * em/gfdf hn snsn .

/flt lbg 5'l6Gg ofF x/3l8 * b]lvG5 emndn ..

lj;{g} g;lsg] :yn of] xf] * cfpF5 ;w}F ;Demgf .

o:tf] ;f}Gbo{tf ;w}F /lx /xf];\, * d]/f] z'esfdgf ..

 ;8s afnssf] cGt/ j]bgf

sfd ug{ hfb} lyP Ct' g;{l/df .

36
e]6 eof] Ps afns glb lsgf/df ..
d}n] ;f]w] sxfF xf] 3/ s]xf] gfd y/ <
pgn] eg] dgsf s'/f cfF;' v;fn]/ ..
ltg} zAb 6Kk l6lk d}n] lut a'g] .
tL jfnssf syfj]yf s:n] a'lemlbg] < ..

 lut
cfFvf 5f]lk g? eG5' ?g' k¥of 5 .
d'6' dfly 9'ª\uf /flv jfRg' k¥of 5 ..

!_ hGd lbg] a'af d'df stf uP s'GgL .

nfU5 dnfO{ of] ;+;f/ g} cfh ;j} ;'Go ..
a'af d'df ;DemL ;DemL ?g' k¥of 5 .
d'6' dfly 9'ª\uf /flv afFRg' k¥of 5 ..

@_ cfkm'h:t} afnsx?, b]V5' :s'ndfxfF .

x/] b}j dnfO{ lsg ˆofnL lbof} oxfF ..
lstfa af]Sg] j]nf, kmf]xf]/ af]Sg' k¥of 5 .
d'6' dfly 9'ª\uf /flv afFRg' k¥of 5 ..

#_ d]/f klg xftkfpF 5g\ r]tgf 5 d df .

k9\g kfP d}n] klg ;]jf uyF]{ b]zdf ..
k9\g] j]nf kmf]xf]/ vf]Hb} 8'Ng' k¥of 5 .
d'6' dfly 9'ª\uf /flv afFRg' k¥of 5 ..

$_ cfFvfn] g} gEofpg] cUnf 3/ 5g\ oxfF .

d]/f] jf; ;bf ;bf ;8s k]6LdfxfF ..
efUonfO{ g} lwSsf/ lbb} a:g' k¥of 5 .
d'6' dfly 9'ª\uf /flv afFRg' k¥of 5 ..

%_ htftt} ;'G5' d}n] ;/sf/ 5 /] b]zdf .

d]/f] Joyf a'lemlbg] /}g /}5g\ To;df ..
cfz} cfz of] lhGbuL lhpg' k¥of 5 .
d'6' dfly 9'ª\uf /flv afFRg' k¥of 5 ..

 uhn
lhGbuLdf s'g} lbg g/f]O dg{ kfP x'GYof] .
37
cGt/ dgsf s]lx OR5f k'/f ug{ kfP x'GYof] ..

!_ kl/>d t b'Mv xf]Og b'Mv Tof] xf] lk/ kg'{ .

b'O{ 5fs k]6 eg{ ;w} sfd eP x'GYof] ..
lhGbuLdf s'g} lbg g/f]O{ dg{ kfP x'GYof] ...

@_ rflxb}g ld7f] vfg g t dnfO{ /fd|f] nfpg .

;w}el/ /fd|f] ;'Gg, /fd|f] b]Vg kfP x'GYof] ..
lhGbuLdf s'g} lbg g/f]O{ dg{ kfP x'GYof] ...

#_ l/;, /fu, bf]oif, sk6 dfgjsf zq'x? .

oL rf/ tTj dfgj b]lv 6f9f 6f9f uP x'GYof] ..
lhGbuLdf s'g} lbg g/f]O{ dg{ kfP x'GYof] ...

$_ xTof lx+zf ckx/0f ;'G5' ;w}F jnTsf/ ef] .

dfgjsf] Jojxf/df dfgjtf /x] x'GYof] ..
lhGbuLdf s'g} lbg g/f]O{ dg{ kfP x'GYof] ...

cGt/ efjgf efu @

jf:tljs dlxnf / k'?if

af:tadf dlxnf / k'?if eg]sf,] s'g}klg JolQm ljz]if geP/, JoQmLn] p:sf] d leq
/x]sf ;of}F leGg leGg ljifox? dWo, dfq Pp6f of}g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfo{Gjog
ug{sf] lgDtL k|of]u ul/g] of}g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? ;Fu ;DalGwt c+ux?sf] ;+o'Qm gfd
xf] .
ljif]z ul/ ;Dk'0f{ k|f0fL tyf dfga;++u b'O k|sf/sf] ZflQm xG5, !_ ef}lts ;fwgdf
cGt/lglxt zlQm @_ efj zlQm . JolQm jf d leq /x]sf cgluGtL ljifox? / d leq k|s6
ePsf / d}n] lgdf{0f u/]sf leGg leGg ljifox?sf] sfo{Gjog ug{sf] lgDtL k|of]u ul/g]
leGg leGg zlQm ePsf c+ux?sf] ;+o'Qm ?k xf] dfga zl// . oLg} leGg leGg c+ux?
sf] k|of]u ug{sf]nfuL pQm c+u;+u ;DaGwLt ljifosf] lgdf0f{, ljifout 1fgsf] cfh{g /
ljifosf] sfo{Gjog ug]{ zlQm xf], “d” . dfgjsf] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf of]g tyf k|
hgg\ c+ux?sf] cfwf/df cfh xfdL JolQmnfO{ g} dlxnf jf k'?if elg/x]sf /x]5f}F, h'g
c+ux? “d” leq /x]sf cgluGtL ljifox? dWo, dfq Pp6f ljifo;+u ;DalGwt /x]5g, Tof]
ljifo xf], of]g tyf k|hgg\, pSt ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf dfq, ;DalGwt JolQmsf] cfjZostf /
rfxfgf cg'?k k|uf]u ul/g], dfgasf] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf of}g tyf k|hgg c+ux?sf] ;
+o'Qm gfd xf], dlxnf,/ k'?if .
g t ædÆ leq, of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo eGbf afx]s cGo To:tf ljifox? 5g\, h'g ljifosf]
sfof{Gjogdf zl//df /x]sf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? k|of]u x'g ;s'g, gt zl//df, of]g tyf k|

38
hgg\ c+u eGbf jfx]s, cGo To:tf c+ux? 5g\ h'g c+ux? of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo ;+u dfq ;
+DalGwt xf];\ .
ldqx?M ædÆ leq ePsf cgluGtL ljifox? dWo dfq Pp6f ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u
x'g], zl//df /x]sf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+udf JoQmLsf] cl:tTj, kl/ro / klxrfg x'g ;S5 / <
jf:tadf dlxnf / k'?if dfgasf] zl//df dfq geP/ ;Dk'0f{ k|f0fLsf] zl//df /x]sf] of]g tyf k|
hgg\ c+u xf] .
efa zlQm ædÆ lagfsf] dfga zl//, :6f6{ ul/Psf] 8«fOe/ lagfsf] uf8L h:t} /x]5 . pQm
uf8L ;+u, k'Ug' kg]{ uGtJo, k'¥ofpg] dfu{ clg k'Ug'sf] pb]Zo s]lxklg x'b}g .
of] ;a} ljifo 8«fOe/ ;+u dfq x'G5, pQm uf8Ldf t leGg leGg zlQm ePsf
kf6{k'hf{ dfq x'G5g\ . h'g kf6{k'hf{x? leGg leGg ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u
x'G5g\ . uf8L / 8«fOe/ h:t} /x]5 zl// / ædÆ klg . x]g]{ cf+vf zl//df–b]Vg] cf+vf
ædÆ ;+u .
;'Gg] sfg zl//df–a'‰g] sfg ædÆ ;+u .
b'Vg] 3fp zl//df–b'vfO{sf] cg'e'tL ædÆ ;+u .
;Ab pRrf/0f ug]{ d'v zl//df–;Ab leqsf] efa ædÆ ;+u .
/Qm;+~rf/ ug]{ d'6' zl//df–/Qm;+~rf/sf] ljifo ædÆ ;+u .
;du|df leGg leGg zlQm ePsf ef}lts c+ux? zl//df–ljifosf] lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog, ljifout
1fgsf] cfh{g ædÆ ;+u .
To:t}–dlxnf / k'?if ;+DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? cyf{t dlxnf / k'?if dfgjsf] leGg
leGg zl//df–of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo ;a} dfgasf] ædÆ ;+u .
ldqx?M dfgf}–dfga zl// r\'Das xf], dflxnf / k'?if, r'Dassf b'O{ c;dfg w'|ax? .
r'Dassf b'O{ w|'jx? leGg leGg ljGb'df eP h:t} dflxnf / k'?if klg dfga tyf ;Dk'0f{ k|
f0fLsf] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf] x'G5 . r'Dassf c;dfg w|"ax? ;+of]hgsf] nfuL k/:k/
cfslif{t eP h:t} dlxnf / k'?if klg k/:k/ cfslif{t x'G5g\ . cfslif{t JoQmL–JolQmsf]
ljrdf geP/ dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ljrdf x'G5, h'g cfsif{0ftf af6 ;+DalGwt JolQm jf ædÆ
leq of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] lgdf{0f x'g] u5{, pQm ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u x'g]
c+ux?sf] gfd–xf] dlxnf / k'?if .
s'g} klg dGqfno, cfof]u, ;+3 ;+u7gx? ljifo ;+u ;DaGwLt x'g' k5{, g ls ljifosf]
sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u x'g] ;fwgdf . h:t} 3/ ;+u geP/– lgdf{0f ;+u . /]8Lof] l6=le ;+u
geP/–;+~rf/ ;+u . df]6/ uf8L ;+u geP/– oftfoft ;+u . To:t} dlxnf / k'?ifdf geP/–of]g
tyf k|hgg\ laifo ;+u . To;}n] dlxnf dGqfnosf] ;§fdf :j:Yo dGqfno cGtu{tg} /xg] ul/
of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljefu agfpg ;lsg]5, pQm ljefu af6g} of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo ;
+u ;DaGwLt ;Dk'0f{ sfo{x? ug{ ;lsg]5 .
ldqx? M– Pp6} dfgj zJbn] ljZjsf ;Dk'0f{ dfgjsf] ;du| dfgljo efjgTds cl:tTj b;f{p5
t/ dlxnf / k'?if, b'O leGg leGg ;Abn] ljZjsf ;Dk'0f{ dfgjsf] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf
leGg leGg gfd / sfo{ ;Dkfbgd} k|fs[lts c;dfgtf ePsf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux?sf] ef}lts
cl:tTj b;f{p5, h:af6 s'g}klg JolQmsf] jf:tljs kl/ro / klxrfg k|:6 x'g ;Sb}g, To;}n]
dlxnf / k'?if JolQm ljif]z geP/ JolQmn] k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg dfq xf] .
s'g} klg JoQmLnfO{ dlxnf af k'?if eGg ;lsg] d'ne't cfwf/x? .
39
!_ zl// / ædÆ leGg leGg geP/ Pp6} ePsf] eP JoQmLnfO{ dlxnf jf k'?if eGg ;lsg]
Pp6f cfwf/ x'g] lyof] .
@_ sfo{Gjog ul/g] ljifo ;femf geP/ dlxnf / k'?ifsf] leGg leGGf ePsf] eP
======================================
#_ dlxnf / k'?ifdf ;+DaGwL, of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? zl// leq geP/ d leq ePsf] eP
===================
$_ ædÆ leq, of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo dfq ePsf] eP, clg zl//sf] cGo ;Dk'0f{ cux? pQm
ljifos} sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u x'g] ePsf] eP
===============================================.
%_ JolQm nfO{, dlxnf jf k'?if eGb} ubf{ g} p:sf] ;Dk'0f{ jf:tljs kl/ro / klxrfg k|
i6 ;+u v'Ng] ePsf] eP =============================
^_ leGg leGg zlQm ePsf, zl//sf ;Dk'0f{ c+ux?df ;+DaGwLt ljifosf] jf]w cyf{t 1fg
ePsf] eP ========
&_ dlxnf / k'?if ;+DalGw leGg leGg zl//df ePsf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+u x?df klg, zl//sf
cGo c+ux?sf] h:t} sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|fs[lts ;dfgtf ePsf] eP clg leGg leGg JolQm jf
ædÆ leqsf laifox?df klg dlxnf / k'?if leGg leGg elgP h:t} slxNo} ;xdlt x'g}
gldNg] k|fs[lts c;xdlt x'g] ePsf] eP ======================
*_ cfh, dlxnf eGb}u/]sf hltklg JolQmx?, pxfx?sf] zfl//s agfa6 Pp6} ePsf] h:t}
l;2fGt ljrf/ cfr/0f / Jojxf/ klg Pp6} cyf{t ;dfg ePsf] eP clg k'?if eGb} u/]sf
JolQmx?sf] klg Pp6} eosf] eP
=============================================
(_ of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo sfo{Gjog ug{sf] nfuL, dlxnf k|hgg\ zlQm / k'?if k|hgg\
zlQm ljr kf/:kl/s ;xsfo{ jfWofTds eP h:t} lhjgsf cGo ;Dk'0f{ ljifox? sfo{Gjog
ug{sf] nfuL klg, Pp6f JolQmnfO{ csf]{ JolQmsf] kf/:kl/s ;xsfo{ jfWofTds ePsf]
eP, clg leGg leGg zl//sf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+u eGbf jfx]s cGo c+ux?df klg .
!_ dfga zl// leGg leGg zlQm ePsf ef}lts c+ux?sf] ;+o'Qm ?k xf] / ædÆ ltg} c+ux?
nfO{ ;+DaGwLt ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u ug]{ efjzlQm xf] . zl// / ædÆ Pp6}
xf]Og t/ Ps csf]{ ;+u ;+DjlGwt x'g\, zl// ljgf ædÆ x'b}g d ljgf zl//sf] cl:tTj g}
/xb}g . olb zl// / ædÆ Pp6} ePsf] eP ,zl//nfO{ x]g{ ;Sg] cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sg] dgn]
Ps,csf{sf] ædÆ leqsf ;Dk'0f{ laifox?, x]g{ b]Vg jf yfxf kfpg ;lsg] lyof] . uf]klgotf
eGGf] ;Ab g} /xg] lyPg, h:n] ubf{ sf]lx s;}n] klg em'7f] af]Ng kfpg] lyPgg\ . “d”
leq ljifox? Kfl/jt{g x'b} ubf{ pQm ljifo ;+u;+u} zl// klg kl/jt{g x'b} hfg] lyof] .
s'g} j]nf, AolStn] sNkgfg} gu/]sf] ljifo crfgs p:sf] ædÆ leq k|a]z x'g k'U5, h'g
ljifonfO{ tTsfn} sfo{Gjog ug'{kg]{ x'g ;S5 . t/ pQm ljifo ;u} csf}{ gofF zl//
lgdf{0f x'b}g . zl// / ædÆ Pp6} ePsf] eP cfh ljZjdf s}of}+ cfTdf3flt ad af6 wg
hgsf] Iflt x'g] lyPg lsgls cfTdf3flt AolStsf] zl//nfO{ x]g{ / b]Vg ;Sg] b'lgofsf
cfFvf / dgn],p:sf] Tof] ædÆ leqsf] pQm ljifo klg x]g{ / b]Vg ;Sg] lyP, lj:kmf]6
x'g' eGbf klg cufl8g} . To;}n] ef}lts zl//df ePsf ;Dk'0f{ c+ux? ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf

40
k|of]u ul/g] k|fs[lts ;fwg dfq x'g, h; leq dlxnf / k'?if ;+DalGw of]g tyf k|hgg\
c+ux? kb{5g\ .
ldqx?M– dfga zl//df /x]sf leGg leGg zlQm ePsf c+ux? Ps csf]{ zl//df k|Tof/f]k0f
ug{ zlsG5 t/ JolQm jf ædÆ zlQmnfO{ csf]{ JolQmdf k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ ;lsb}g
cyf{t Pp6f JolQm jf ædÆ leqsf ljifox? csf]{ JolQmdf, c+u k|Tof/f]k0f h;/L k|
Tof/f]k0f x'g ;Sb}g To;}n] of] tYoaf6 k|:6x'G5 zl// / ædÆ Pp6} xf]Og .

@_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ dlxnf jf k'?if o:tf] cj:yfdf dfq eGg pko'Qm x'g] lyof],
hjsL dlxnf / k'?if leGg leGg elgPh:t}, dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL of}g tyf k|hgg\ c+usf]
k|of]u 4/f sfo{Gjog x'g] ljifo klg ædÆ leq leGg leGg g} ePsf] eP . hasL k|To]s
JolQm jf ædÆ leq leGg leGg ljifo lgdf0f{ ePsf] x'G5, t/ dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL
of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo ;j} dfgasf] ;femf ljifo xf] . of] tYosf] cGt/ efjn] elg/x]sf]5,
s'g}klg JolQm dlxnf jf k'?if x'g ;Sb}g .
ldqx?M– x/]s JolQm jf ædÆ leq /x]sf xhf/fF} xhf/ kl/j{ltt ljifox? dWo of]g tyf k|
hgg\ ljifo o:tf] Psdfq ;femf ljifo xf], h'g ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ul/g] dlxnf /
k'?if ;DaGwL c+u eGbf afx]s cGo s'g}klg a}slNks c+u g} 5}g, JolQm hlt;'s} ul/a
jf wlgxf];, h'g ;'s} ljlzi6 kb / k|lt:7fdf g} lsg gxf]; t/ cGo ljifo sfof{Gjog ug{sf]
nfuL k|of]u ul/g] ;fwg k|To]s JolQmsf] /f]hfO{ cg';f/ km/s km/s x'g ;S5 . of]g tyf
k|hgg\ ljifo x/]s JolQmsf] ;femf ljifo eP h:t}, lbzf lgb]{z x'g'{ r'Dassf b'a}
w«asf] ;femf ljifo xf] . dlxnf / k'?ifsf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|s[lts c;dfgtf eP em}, r'Dassf
b'O{ w«aljr sfo{;Dkfbgdf klg k|fs[lts c;dfgtf /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] dlxnf / k'?if r'Dassf
b'O{ w|'ah:t} ;femf ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ul/g] ;fwg dfq x'g, JolQm ljz];
x'g;Sb}g .
ldqx? M– gldNg', gug{' / g;Sg'sf] leGg leGg cy{ x'G5 . gldNg' M– ldlxnf / k'?
if ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+u tyf zlQm ;+u dfq ;DagwLt x'G5 . g;Sg' M–
JolQmsf] zl//df /x]sf] a}l4s / ef}lts ;fwg ;+u ;DalGwt zlQmdf x'G5 .
gug'{ M– JolQm jf ædÆ leqsf] OIff zlQm ;+u ;DaGwLt x'G5 . h:t} M dlxnf af6
x'g ldNg] sfo{;Dkfbg k'?if af6 x'g ldNb}g, k'?if af6 x'g ldNg] sfof{;Dkfbg dlxnf
af6 x'g ldNb}g, t/ Pp6f JolQmn] ug{ g;s]sf] / gu/]sf] sfo{ csf]{ s'g}klg JolQmn]
ug{ x'G5 / ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 .
#_ dlxnf / k'?if ;+DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? efjzlQm ædÆ leq geP/ zl// leq
x"G5, olb dlxnf / k'?if ædÆ leq ePsf] eP, JolQmn] cfˆgf] cfj:ostf / rfxfgf cg'?
k ;Gtfg hGdfpg ;Sg] lyof] . cy{ft of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux?nfO{ ;+w} ;s[o agfO{ /fVg
;Sg] lyof] . s'g}klg JolQm ;Gtfg ljlxg\ x'g'kg]{ lyPg . ædÆ leq dlxnf / k'?if ePsf]
eP, s'g}klg wgfWo, c/j kltn], ;Gtfg hGdfpg] k|s[of / Pp6f ul/jn] hGdfpg] k|s[of
Pp6} x'g] lyPg . wgfWon] cfˆgf] ;Gtfgsf] zfl/l/s jgfj6df rdTsf/Ls kl/jt{g Nofpg]
lyfof] . wg dfg / ;Ddfg k|fKt ug]{ k|ltzk|bf h:t} k|ltzk|bf x'g] lyof], ;Gtfgsf] zfl/l/s
agfj6df leGgtf Nofpgdf . of] tYojf6 k|:6x'G5, dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\
41
c+ux? zl//df dfq x'G5 . oL c+ux? of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u
x"G5g\, h'g ljifo ædÆ leq x'G5 .
$_ s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ k|s[ltn] g} dlxnf jf k'?if jgfPsf] eP ;Dk'0f{ JolQm jf ædÆ,
leq Pp6f of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo dfq lgdf0f{ x'g] lyof] clg pQmljifos} sfo{fGjogdf k|
of]u x'g] lyP zl//sf ;Dk'0f{ cGo c+ux? . olb ædÆ leq of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo dfq
ePsf] eP ædÆ leq vfgf vfP/ k]6 eg]{ ljifo klg x'g] lyPg . dlxnf / k'?if, JolQmsf]
zl//df /x]sf] of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+udf dfq ;DalGwt x'G5, clg pQm c+ux? of]g tyf k|
hgg\ ljifo ;+u dfq ;DaGwLt x"G5 . h'g ljifo ædÆ leq x'G5, of] ljifo ædÆ leq /x]sf
cguLGtL ljifox? dWo Pp6f ljifo dfq xf] . of] tYoaf6 klg k|i6 x'G5, JolQm, dlxnf
jf k'?if x'g ;Sb}g, JolQmn] k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg dfq xf] .
%_ s'g} klg JolQm jf:tljs ?kdf g} dlxnf jf k'?if ePsf] eP, JolQmnfO{ dlxnf jf k'?if
eGb} ubf{ g} p:sf] jf:tljs kl/ro / klxrfg k|i6 ;+u hfgsf/L x'g] lyfo] . h:t}M–
dGqL /ljGb| clwsf/Lsf] lgwg xF'bf, Ps hgf k'?ifsf] lgwg ePsf] eGbf g}, pxfFsf]
jf:tljs kl/ro / klxrfg k|:6 x'Fg'kg]{ lyof] . ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8Lofg dGqL
/ljGb| clwsf/L elg/xg' kg]{ g} lyPg, Plb k'?if ;+u g} pxfFsf] jf:tljs kl/ro / klxrfg
ePsf] eP . ldqx? M ljleGg b'3{6gfx?df d[To' ePsf JolQmx?df, olt hgf dlxnf / olt
hgf k'?if eg]/ d[To' ePsf JolQmsf] leGg leGg ;+Vof lbOG5 t/ elgG5, lt JolQm jf
d[tssf] ;gfvt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ldqx? M olb dlxnf / k'?if JolQm ljif]z g} ePsf] eP,
d[tssf] ;gfvt x'gsf] nfuL p:sf] jf:tljs kl/ro / klxrfg cfjZos kg]{ g} lyPg . dlxnf / k'?
ifsf] ;+Vof lbg'sf] s] cy{ / cf}lrTo /xG5, hasL h:af6 ;DaGwLt d[tssf] ;gfvt g}
x'g ;Sb}g eg] . of] tYo jf6 k|i6 x'G5 . ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf k|of]u ul/g] zl//sf] lg:rLt
c+udf JolQmsf] dfgljo cl:tTj, kl/ro / klxrfg x'g ;Sb}g .
^_ dfgj zl//sf] k}tfnf b]lv l;/ ;Dds}, leGg leGg zlQm ePsf ;Dk'0f{ c+udf
sfo{fGjog ul/g] ljifosf] jf]w x'b}g . dlxnf / k'?ifsf] dxTj cf–cfˆgf] :yfgdf a/fa/L 5,
t/ a/fa/L 5 eGg] ljifosf] af]w pQm dlxnf / k'?ifdf x'b}g, pQm ljifosf] af]w ljifosf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwLt JolQm ;+u dfq x'G5 . s] sf6\g], lsg sf6\g], s;l/ sf6\g]
eGg] ljifo v's'/Ldf x'b}g . v's'/Ldf t sf6\g ;Sg] zlQm cyf{t wf/ dfq x'G5 . sf6\bf
sf6\b} wf/ ;lsP/ jf]wf] x'g ;S5, efrLP/ sfd gnfUg] klg x'g ;S5, o:t} zlQm
ePsf] ;fwg xf], dlxnf / k'?if . km/s olt dfq ls, v's'/L s[ltd ;fwg xf], clg dlxnf / k'?if
k|fs[lts . g t dlxnfdf ue{wf/0f ug]{ ljifo x'G5, g t k'?ifdf ue{ wf/0f u/fpg], dlxnf /
k'?ifdf t ue{wf/0f x'g] / x'g;Sg] zlQm dfq x'G5, h'g zlQm v's'/Lsf] wf/ h:t}
sDhf]/ / sfd gnfUg] klg x'g ;S5 . sfof{Gjog u/Lg] ljifosf] jf]w g} gePsf, ljifosf]
sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u u/Lg], zl//sf c+ux? ;+u s] dfgljo cl:tTj, kl/ro / klxrfg x'g ;S5 /
< of] tYo af6 k|i6 x'G5 dlxnf / k'?if, ljifosf] af]w gePsf sfo{fGjogdf k|of]u x'g]
zlQm dfq ePsf k|s[lts c+u tyf ;fwg dfq x'g . JolQm ljif]z x'g} ;Sb}g, lsgsL JolQm
jf ædÆ leq ljifox? x'G5g\ / x/]s JolQm leq ;j} ljifosf] jf]w x'G5 .
ldqx? M ug'{ / x'g' sf] leGg leGg cy{ x'G5 . ug'{df ljifosf] af]w x'G5,
h'g ;DaGwLt JolQm;+u dfq ;DaGwLt x'G5 . t/ x'g'df, pQm ljifosf] sfo{fGjogdf k|
of]u x'g] zlQm dfq x'G5, h'g JolQmsf] zl//df /x]sf leGg leGg c+udf ;DaGwLt
42
x'G5 . ha JolQmn] of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfof{Gjog ub}{ ubf{ dlxnf / k'?
if ;DaGwL c+usf] ;+of]hg x'G5 ta ;DaGwLt JolQmn] ;Def]usf] cg'e'lt
ug{ ;Sg'xG5, ;+of]hg ePsf dlxnf / k'?if b'a} zlQm ;s[o ePdf dlxnfdf ue{ wf/0f
x'G5 ta ;DaGwLt JolQmn] cfkm' ue{jtL ePsf] cg'e'lt ug'{ x'G5 . ue{ cj:yf k'/f eP ;
+u} afns hGdG5, ta ;DaGwLt JolQmn] cfkm' ;'Ts]/L ePsf] cg'e'lt ug'{ x'G5 . ;
+of]hg, ue{wf/0f / afns hGdg' ef}lts ljifox? x'g\, h'g ljifo JolQmsf]
zl//df ;DaGwLt x'G5 . ;Def]u, ue{jlt / ;'Ts]/L JolQmn] cg'e'lt ug]{ efjgfTds
ljifox? x'g h'g ljifo JolQm jf ædÆ ;+u ;DaGwLt x'G5 . h;/L wg, lzIff / 1fg
JolQmn] cfh{g ug]{ ef}lts ljifo x'g\, eg] wgL, lzIfLt / 1fgL JolQmn] cg'e'lt ug]
{ efjgfTds ljifox? x'g . of] tYo af6 k|:6x'G5 ue{jlt / ;'Ts]/L dlxnf x'g ;Sb}g lsgsL
dlxnf, ;DaGwlt JolQmn] of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfo{fGjgodf k|of]u ug]{ c+u
tyf ;fwg dfq xf] .
&_ dfgjsf] leGg leGg zl//sf] cGo ;Dk'0f{ c+ux?sf] h:t}, dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL of]g
tyf k|hgg\ c+ux?sf] klg sfo{;+kfbgdf k|fs[lts ;dfgtf ePsf] eP, dlxnf / k'?if
nfO{ JolQm ljz];sf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] lyof] . jf:tjdf dlxnf / k'?if, o:tf] ljkl/t k|
fs[lts ;lQm xf], cfuf] / kfgL h:tf], lbg / /ft h:tf], ;'o{ / rGb|df h:tf], r'Dassf ljkl/t
w«'j h:tf], s/]G6sf] g]s]l6e / kf]h]l6e zlQm h:tf] . oL b'O{ ljkl/t zlQm ljrsf]
sfo{;Dkfbgdf slxNo} klg ;dfgtf x'g} ;Sb}g, g t cfnf] kfnf] g} x'g ;S5 . o:t} xf],
dlxnf / k'?if, g t k'?ifdf l8Dasf] ljsfz x'G5 g t dlxnfdf ;'qm|ls6sf] g} . t/ JolQm o:tf]
zlQm xf], Pp6} JolQmn] ljleGg ljifosf] ljifout 1fg ch{g ug{ / sfo{fGjog ug]{ ;S5
clg xhf/fF} JolQmn] Pp6} ljifosf] ljifout 1fg cfh{g ug{ / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;S5g\ .
ldqx? M– s] >Ldfg, >Ldlt, dfly pNn]v ul/Ph:t} ljkl/t zlQm xf] t < s] Pp6f
JolQmsf] efjgfTds gftf csf]{ JolQmsf] ef}lts zl//df x'G5 / < s] cfdf 5f]/f, lblb,
efO{, bfh', alxgL ljkl/t zlQm xf] t < s] oLlgx?sf] ljrdf s'g}klg sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;dfgtf
x'b}g / < xf] M– sfo{;Dkfbgdf slxNo} ;dfgtf x'g} g;Sg] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf
of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+u dfq xf], h:nfO{ jf:tljs dlxnf / k'?if eGg ;lsg] 5 .
ldqx?M– s/]G6sf], g]u]l6e / k]fh]l6e ;lQm, aNa /fVg] xf]N8/ ;Dd leGg leGg
tf/af6 k|aflxt x'G5, s/]G6 k|aflxt ePsf]tf/, xf]T8/, aNj clg lz:6d ;s[o ePdf JolQmn]
aNanfO{ afNg] ljifosf] sfof{Gjog ugf{;fy g]u]l6e / kf]h]l6e b'a} zlQmsf] ;+of]hg
eP/ aNadf k|sfz zlQm pkGg x'G5 . l7s To;}ul/ g]u]l6e / kf]h]l6e zlQm leGg leGg
tf/df k|aflxt ePem} dlxnf / k'?if klg dfgasf] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf x'G5g\ . ha
JolQmn], of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfof{Gjog u5{ ta dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL c+ux?sf] ;
+of]hg x'G5, g]u]l6e / kf]h]l6e zlQmsf] ;+of]hg af6 aNadf k|sfz zlQm pTkGt
ePem} dlxnf ;DaGwLt kf7]3/df ue{wf/0f x'G5 . leqx? dfgasf] leGg leGg zl//df
/x]sf dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+u h:t}, leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf cGo s'g
s'g To:tf c+ux? 5g\ h:nfO ;+of]hg u/fpFbf Pp6f gofF zlQmsf] gdf{0f x'g ;sf]; < s]
b'O{j6f gfssf]= ;+of]hgdf Pp6f gfofF zlQm aG5 t < s] b'O{j6f d'6'sf] ;+of]hgaf6
Pp6f gofF d'6'aG5 < To;}n] af:tljs dlxnf / k'?if Tof] dfqxf] h:sf] ;+of]hg af6 gofF
zlQmsf] gdf{0f x'G5 . g]u]l6e / kf]h]l6e zlQm k|jflxt x'g] tf/ clg xf]N8/ / g]u]l6e /
43
kf]h]l6d zlQmsf] ;+of]hg x'g] aNjsf] k|of]u åf/f JolQmn] pQm aNj afn]/ pHofnf]
agfpg] ljifosf] sfo{Gjog u5{, JolQmn] g} dlxnf / k'?if ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\
c+usf] k|of]u åf/f of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfof{Gjog u5{, oL b'a} zlQm, JolQmn]
leGg leGg ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg dfq x'g\, of] tYo af6 k|:6 x'G5
dlxnf / k'?if JolQm ljif]z geP/ JolQmn] k|of]u ug]{ of]g tyf k|hgg\ zlQm ePsf] k|
fs[lts ;fwfg dfq xf] .
xfldnfO{ yfxfF5 – ev{/} dfq, ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL s]=lk= ;df{ jnLsf] zl//df
bf]>f] k6s d[uf{}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ul/Psf]5 . d}n] of] k|zË hf]8\g'sf] tfTko{ oltdfq
xf] – olb ;ldIff ;+uf}nf jf:tljs dlxnf ePsf] eP clg k|wfgdGqL jf:tljs k'?if ePsf] eP, g
t k|wfgdGqL / ;ldIff ;+uf}nf ljr efjgfTds ?kdf d[uf}nf bfg lbg] / lng] ljifodf ;xdlt
x'g] yLof], g t ef}lts ?kdf ;ldIff sf] zl//df /x]sf] d[uf}nf k|wfgdGqLsf] zl//df k|
Tof/f]k0f ;kmn x'g] lyof] . hjsL ;ldIff ;+uf}nfs} zl//df /x]sf dlxnf ;DaGwL of]g
tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? k'?if k|hgg\ zlQm ePsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] zl//df k|Tof/f]k0f ;Dej
lyPg . lsgsL leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf oL c+ux?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;dfgtf x'g} g;Sg] k|
fs[lts c;dfgtf /x]sf] x'G5 . dfgjsf] leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf lt c+ux?, h:nfO{ Ps csf]
{ zl//df k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ ldNb}g, h'g c+ux?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|fs[lts c;dfgtf /x]sf]
x'G5 . cGo ;Dk'0f{ c+ux? h'g ;'s} zl//df k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ ;lsG5, lsgsL oL c+ux?sf]
sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;dfgtf /x]sf] x'G5,. gfd af6 g} k|i6 5, dlxnf clg k'?if sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|
fs[lts c;dfgtf, oLg} c+ux?sf] ;+o'Qm gfd xf] af:tljs dlxnf / k'?if, To;}n] g t, ;ldIff ;
+uf}nf dlxnf x'g'x'G5, g t ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL k'?if g}, pxfFx? t dfgljo cl:tTj
cf–cfˆgf] jf:tljs kl/ro / leGg leGg klxrfg u|x0f ug{'ePsf JolQmTj x'g'x'G5 .
*_ cfh xfdLn] dlxnf eGb} u/]sf hltklg JolQmx? x'g'x'G5, pxfFx?sf] zfl/l/s :j?k
km/s km/s ePtf klg, zfl/l/s jgfj6df ;dfgtf ePsf] h:t} pxfFx? ;a}sf] l;4fGt, larf/,
cfr/0f / Jojxf/df klg ;dfgtf g} ePsf] eP, clg k'?if eGb} u/]sf JolQmx?sf] klg o:t} g}
;dfgtf ePsf] eP, dlxnf / k'?if nfO{ JolQm ljif]z dfGg ;lsg] lyof], t/ o:tf] geP/ k|To]s
JolQm–JolQms} larf/, l;4fGt, cfr/0f / Jojxf/df c;dfgtf /x]sf] 5, zfl/l/s agfj6sf] h:tf]
k|fs[lts ;dfgtf 5}g . h:t}M– xfldn] ;dfhdf b]lv /x]sf / ef]uL/x]sf klg 5f}, uLtfx?n]
l;tfx?sf] xTof ul//x]sf] clg /fdx?n] :ofdx?sf] . ;f;' a'xf/L larsf] tgfj hf/L g} 5, clg
bfh' efO{ ljrsf] emu8f . JolQmg} dlxnf jf k'?if ePsf] eP cfh laijs} dfgj x?df
b'Oy/L larf/, l;4fGt / Jojxf/ x'g] lyof], Pp6f dlxnf / csf]{ k'?if ljrf/ . oL b'Oy/L
larf/sf] lardf s'g}klg ljifodf ;xdlt x'g] lyPg . oL b'O{ leGg leGg larf/sf] lardf
a}aflxs ;DaGw klg ;Dej lyPg .
(_ s'g} klg JolQmn], of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nfuL, dfgjsf] leGg
leGg zl//df /x]sf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;+of]hg clgjo{ 5, oL b'O{ zlQm dWo Pp6fsf]
cefjdf csf]{ zlQm k|of]u ljlxg x'G5, cyf{t pQm ljifosf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;Sb}g . oL
b'O{ zlQm dWo Pp6f sdhf]/ jf sfd gnfUg] ePdf csf]{ zlQm klg cy{ lxg x'G5 .
h:n] ubf{ cfjZos sfo{;Dkfbg x'g ;Sb}g, clg Pp6f ;s[o c+u jf zlQmn] csf]{ zl//df
/x]sf] lg:s[o c+u jf zltmnfO{ zs[o agfpg klg ;Sb}g, lsgsL oL c+udf ljifo geP/,
ljifosf] sfo{fGjogdf k|of]u x'g] zlQm dfq x'G5 .
44
ldqx? M– t/ JolQm o:tf] zlQmxf]–Pp6f JolQmsf] cefjdf csf]{ JolQm ljifo ljxLg
x'b}g . of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo eGbf afx]s, p ;+u, sfof{Gjogsf] kvf{Odf /x]sf cGo
cguLGtL ljifox? x'G5g\ . clg Pp6f, ;DaGwLt leGg leGg ljifodf ;s[o JolQmn],
xhf/f} nfvf}sf] ;+Vofdf lg:s[o JolQmx?nfO{ ;s[o agfpg ;S5, clg dlxnf / k'?
if ;daGwL c+u eGbf afx]s, leGg leGg zl//df /x]sf cGo ;Dk'0f{ c+ux?, Pp6f c+usf]
;DaGw csf]{ c+u ;+u x'b}g . h:t} M– Pp6f zl//sf] cfFvf lju|b}df csf]{ zl//sf] cfFvf
lg:s[o x'b}g, Pp6f zl//sf] kmf]S;f] lju|b}df csf]{ zl//sf] kmf]S;f]df s]xL c;/ kb}{g .
ldqx?M– cfh xfdLn], dlxnf / k'?ifdf ;dfgtf x'g'k5{ elg /xbf, o:sf] cy{ dlxnf / k'?
ifdf c;dfgtf /x]5 eGg] a'emLG5, jf:tjdf of] c;dfgtf af:tjLs c;dfgtf /x]5,
sxLNo} ;dfgtf x'g} g;Sg] k|fs[lts c;dfgtf /x]5, of] c;dfgtf ædÆ leq ePsf efjgfTds
ljifox?df geP/, ljifosf] sfo{fGjogdf k|of]u ul/g] zl//sf] c+udf /x]5, h'g c+ux? of]g
tyf k|hgg\ ljifo ;+u dfq ;DaGwLt x'G5 . cfwf/lxg k/Dk/f / s';+:sf/n], sfun] sfg
nUof] eGb} ubf{ xfdLn] cfˆgf]sfg 5fDg'sf] ;§f pQm sfusf] kl5 kl5 bf}l8 /x]sf
/x]5f}, ha sfu æsfu–sfuÆ eGb} s/fp5, sfu s/fPsf] ;'Gb} ubf{ aNn yfxf x'G5, sfg t
cfkm';+u} kf] /x]5 . o:sf] cy{ cfh xfdL x/]s ljifosf] cfj/0fdf g} cNdNnL /x]sf
/x]5f}, ulx/fO{df k'u]/ jf:tljstf vf]h]gf} . To;}n] dlxnf / k'?ifdf ;dfgtf x'g'k5{ eGg'
d'v{tf dfq xf] . olb of] ;dfgtf x'g] xf] eg] k|fl0f tyf dfgj ;[i6Ls} cGTo x'g]5, dfgf}–
r'Dassf b'a} w|'aaf6 Pp6} lbzfsf] ;+s]t x'g]5, r'Dassf c;dfg w|'jklg k/:k/ lasif{0f g}
x'g]5g\, clg s/]G6sf g]u]l6e / kf]h]l6e zlQm klg Pp6} tf/df k|aflxt x'g]5g . s]
of] ;Dej 5 t <
;dfgtf, sfo{;Dkfbgdf c;dfgtf ePsf, ef}lts ;fwg ;u+ ;DalGwt zlQmdf xf]Og, k|To]s
JolQm JolQm lar efjgfTds ;dfgtf x'g'k5{ . sfd, st{Jo / cwLsf/sf] af]w JolQm ;+u
dfq x'G5, dlxnf / k'?ifdf x'b}g . Pp6f JolQmn] kfPsf] clwsf/ csf]{ JolQmn]
lgaL{afb kfpg' k5{, olb p ;+u ;DaGwLt of]Uotf, Ifdtf / ljifout ;s[otf 5 eg] . jf:tadf
dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ lj1fgn] klg, JolQmn] ljifosf] sfo{fGjogdf k|of]u ul/g] ;fwgsf] ?
kdf k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] 5, h;l/ r'Dasdf /x]sf leGg leGg zlQmnfO{ JolQmn] cfaZostf
cg';f/ ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ug]{ u5{ .
ldqx?M cfhef]ln af/+af/ o:tf u'gf;fx? cfO{/xG5g\, ædlxnf ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ d]l;g
dfq xf]Og, dlxnf nfO{ ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ d]l;gsf] ?kdf dfq x]l/g] ul/G5 of] l7s
xf]OgÆ t/ jf:tjdf ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ d]l;g dlxnf dfq geP/ k'?if klg xf], leGg leGg
JolQmsf] zl//df /x]sf leGg leGg k|hgg\ zlQm ePsf oL b'O{ yl/ d]l;g, Ps};fy Pp6}
ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u x'G5g\, ;DaGwLt JolQm oL b'O{ yl/ d]l;g k|of]u ug]
{ k|of]u stf{ jf ck/]6/ dfq x'g\ . oL JolQm ;+u ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ zlQm x'b}g, ljifo
/ rfxfgf dfq x'G5, zlQm t oL b'O{ yl/ d]l;g dlxnf / k'?ifdf dfq x'G5 . of] tYo af6
klg k|:6 x'G5, dlxnf / k'?if ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ d]l;g dfq x'g, JolQm ljif]z xf]Og .
ldqx?M– cfh xfdLn] k'?if eGb} u/]sf JolQmx?n] sfof{Gjog ub{} u/]sf ljifox?
xfldn] dlxnf eGb} u/]sf JolQmx?af6 sfof{Gjog x'b} ubf{, xfldnfO{ gf}nf] /
cgf}7f] nfUg] u5{, xfdL of] ljifosf] Joks rrf{ ug]{ u5f}{ clg eGg] u5f}{, dlxnfx?
n] klg o:tf] sfo{ ug{ ;kmn eP eg]/, jf:tjdf Pp6f JolQmn] u/]sf] sfo{ csf]{ JolQmn]
45
ug{ ;Sg' s'g} gf}nf] jf rdTsf/Ls ljifo t xf]Og . gf}nf] / rdTsf/Ls ljifot Tof] dfq
x'g]5, ha kf7]3/df ;'qm|ls6 / c08 sf]ifdf l8Dasf] ljsf; x'Gf]5, ta of] ljifo
nfO{ rrf{sf] ljifo agfpg' cy{ k'0f{ x'g]5 . h:t}M /fdn] rnfPsf] df]6/ sf/ lztfn] rnfpg'
cgf}7f] xf]Og t/ /fdsf] zl//df /x]sf] c08 sf]ifdf l8Da / lztfsf] zl//df /x]sf]
kf7]3/df ;'qm|ls6sf] lasfz x'g' rfFlx cgf}7f] x'g]5, To;}n] jf:tljs dlxnf / k'?if lztf /
/fd geP/ kf7]3/ / c08 sf]if xf], l8Da / ;'qm|ls6 xf] clg lakl/t of]g c+u xf] . lsg ls oL
c+ux?sf] gfd / sfo{ ;Dkfbgdfg} k|fs[lts c;dfgtf 5 . dlxnf / k'?if leGg leGg elgP h:t}
.
cfh eGbf !% jif{ klxn], Znf]s nodf, dfgj hLjg ;+u ;DaGwLt !! j6f ljifodf r]tgfd'ns
cGt/ efjgf n]v]sf] lyP, ltg} ljifo dWo kl/jf/ ;DaGwL cGt/ efjgf af6 s]lx x/km
pNn]v ug{ rfxfG5' .

cfdfg} dlxnf, >Ldlt dlxnf * alxgL, a'xf/L, 5f]/L .

5'6\ofpg' k|ltzt g} lsg kof]{ * dxTTj a/fa/L ..

d}n] o;/L JolQm ljif]z nfO{ g} dlxnf jf k'?if eg]/ n]v]sf] lyP t/ cfh d cfkm},
JolQm dlxnf jf k'?if x'g ;Sb}g eg]/ n]Vg afBo ePsf] 5' . lsgsL d leq crfgs
d}n] ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf ljifox? k|a]z x'g yfn], d}n] cfdfnfO{ dlxnfsf] ?kdf geP/ dfgljo
cl:tTj, jf:tljs kl/ro / ;sf/fTds klxrfg u|x0f ug'{ ePsf] JolQmsf] ?kdf b]v] .
dnfO{ k|:6 eof] sL cfdf leq, dlxnf ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo dfq /x]g5, pxfF
leq t sfo{fGjogsf] kvf{Odf /x]sf cgluGtL ljifox? /x]5g\, jf:tljs dlxnf t, ltg}
cgluGtL ljifox? dWo] dfq Pp6f, of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfo{fGjogdf, pxfFs}
cfjZostf / rfxfgf cg'?k k|of]u ul/g] of]g tyf k|hgg\ zlQm ePsf] c+ux?sf] gfd /x]5 .
h'g c+ux? ePsf] zl// ;+u d]/f] efjgfTds gftf /x]g5, gftf jf ;fO{gf] cfdfsf] zl//df geP/
cfdfsf] d ;+u /x]5 .
ldqx?M– jf:tadf gftf jf ;fOgf] ef}lts ;fwgdf cyf{t zl// ;+u x'b}g, efj zlQm ædÆ ;
+u x'G5 . olb zl//df g} gftf ePsf] eP, d[ts zl// nfO{ g:6 ub}{ ubf{ xfd|f], p ;+usf]
gftf klg hn]/ g:6 x'g] lyof], cfh xfdL ;+u xfd|f k'vf{x?sf] s'g}klg ofb /xg] lyPg .
olb zl// ;+u g} gftf ePsf] eP, zl//nfO{ x]g{ ;Sg] cfFvf af6 g} gftf k|:6 x'g] lyof],
kl/rosf] cfjZostf kg]{ g} lyPg . dnfO{ hltklg cfkmGtx?n] leGg leGg ;fO{gf]
nfufpg' x'G5, lt leGg leGg gftf jf ;fO{gf] ;+u ;+u}, pQm gftf jf ;fOgf] ;
+u ;DaGwLt leGg leGg ljifox? lgdf0f{ x'G5g\ d leq, t/ lt leGg leGg gftf ;+u ;+u}
ef}lts zl// leGg leGg ePsf x'b}gg\ . xfdL k|To]s lbg zl//df yl/ yl/sf sk8f nufpF5f}},
lt sk8f ;+u} pQm sk8f ;+u ;DaGwLt leGg leGg ljifo lgdf{0f x'G5g\ d leq, t/ sk8f
nufpg] zl// kl/jt{g ePsf] x'b}g . gftf jf ;fO{gf], sk8f kl/jt{g ug]{ ædÆ leqsf leGg
leGg ljifo h:t} xf], clg zl//, pQm sk8f 4f/f 9fsLg] ckl/jtL{t ;fwg xf] . dlxnf / k'?
if ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? zl//df x'G5, gftf jf ;fO{gf] d leq x'G5 . of] tYo
af6 k|:6 x'G5 zl// ;+u gftf x'b}g . olb cfdfsf] zl// nfO{ g} cfdf eGg] xf] eg], a'afn]
>Ldlt s'g zl// nfO{ eGg], cfdfsf] zl// Pp6} dfq xf] . zl// ckl/jtL{t ;fwg xf], eg] gftf
46
jf ;fO{gf] kl/jtL{t ljifo xf] . ldqx? M s'g} lgZlrt JolQmn] csf]{ lgZlrt
JolQmnfO{ ;+af]wg ul/g] gftf jf ;fO{gf] xf], 5f]/f, 5f]/L, a'af, cfdf, >Ldfg, >LdtL,
bLbL, alxgL, bfh', efO{ cfbL ============= . pQm gftf jf ;fOgf] JolQm jf
ædÆ leq /x]sf kl/jtL{t ljifox? ;+u ;DaGwLt x'G5, t/ dlxnf / k'?if leGg leGg
JolQmsf] zl//df /x]sf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux?df ;DaGwLt x'G5, h'g c+ux? ckl/jtL{t
x'G5g\, h:sf] gfd / sfo{;Dkfbgd} k|fs[lts c;dfgtf /x]sf] x'G5 . h:t} efj zlQm, ædÆ
a'af, cfdfsf] g} 5f]/f] jf 5f]/L xf], clg 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf]g} a'af jf cfdf xf] . efj zlQm
ædÆ sfsf, sfsLsf] g} elthf] jf elthL xf] clg elthf] / elthLsf] sfsf jf sfsL xf] . efj
zlQm ædÆ >Ldfgsf] g} >LdtL xf] clg >Ldltsf] g} >Ldfg xf] cfbL
================================== . t/ dlxnf / k'?if h:n] klg eGg
ldN5, gftf jf ;fOgf] h:t} lgZlrt JolQm ;+u ;DaGwlt x'b}g lsgsL dlxnf /
k'/if ;DaGwL of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? zl// ;+u ;DaGwLt x'G5 . of] tYo af6 klg k|:6
x'G5 zl// ;+u gftf jf ;fOgf] x'b}g .
ldqx?M– ;+w} eGg] ul/G5, ædlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/f}Æ . jf:tadf of]g tyf k|hgg
ljifosf] sfo{fGjogdf k|of]u ul/g] ;fwfgn] g t lx+;fsf] cg'e'lt g} ug{ ;S5, g t sfd,
stJo{ / clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifosf] af]w g} . b'Vg] 3fp zl//df b'vfOsf] cg'e'lt ædÆ ;+u,
zl//df b'Vg] 3fp / ædÆ leq b'vfO{sf] cg'e'lt x'g] zafndf s] hftL / lnË eGg] x'G5 / <
b'Vg] 3fp ;Dk'0f{ dfgasf] zl//df x'G5 clg ædÆ leq b'vfO{sf] cg'e'lt . To;}n] ca
ædlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/f}F xf]Og, Pp6f dfgan] cfkm' h:t} csf]{ dfgj k|lt ul/g] lx+;f
cGTo x'g'k5{ . jf:tadf JolQmnfO{ g} dlxnf jf k'?if eGb} ubf{ sf] cj:yfdf klg dlxnf
lx+;f cGTo u/f}F elg/xbf, pQm jfSosf] cGt/ efjn] st} æk'?if lx+;f ;'? u/f}Æ t
elg/x]sf] 5}g < clg cfh dlxnf lx+;f cGTo u/f} elg/xbf o:tf] nfU5, casf] bzf}F
jif{ kl5, k'?if lx+;f cGTo u/f} eGg] gf/f nufpg' kg]{ cj:yf gcfpnf eGg ;lsGg, ;'? t
eO;s]sf] 5 lg xf]Og / <
dlxnf lx+;f / k'?if lx+;fsf] cGTosf] s'/f ug'{ eGbf klg ca k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm'
leq /x]sf gsf/fTds ljifo, cfwf/lxg k/+Dk/f / s';+:sf/ clg ;fdflhs ljs[lt lj;
+ultnfO{ lx+;f ug{ ;'? ug'{ kg]{ 5, ta cfh, cGTo ug' k5{ elgPsf ;Dk'0f{ lx+;fx? :jt
cfkm}F cGTo x'g]5g\ . ldqx? dlxnf lx+;fs} ;DjGwdf csf]{ /f]rs k|z+u hf]8\g
rfxfG5' . dfgf} – dfga zl// leGg leGg hft / :jfb ePsf kmnx?sf] ;'Gb/ au}rf xf] .
JolQm jf ædÆ pQm au}rfsf] dfnL . ldqM–leGg leGg dfnLsf] au}rfdf ePsf ljkl/t
hft / :jfb ePsf b'O{ y/L kmn afx]s,cGo ;a} kmnx? ;Dk'0f{ dfnLsf] au}rfsf ;femf
cyf{t Ps} k|sf/sf kmnx? x'g . cg}7f] ljifo t s] 5 eg], Pp6f au}rfsf] s'g}klg dfnLn],
cfˆgf] au}rfdf ePsf] pQm ljkl/t hft / :jfbsf] kmn, csf{] dfnLsf] au}rfdf EfPsf],
cfˆgf] au}rfdf ePsf] EfGbf leGGf hft / :jfbsf] kmn ljgf, pQm dfnLn] cfˆgf]
au}rfsf] pQm kmn k|of]u ug{ ;Sb}g, t/ cGo ;a} kmnx? h'g;'s} dfnLn] cfkm'v';L k|
of]u ug{ ;S5g\ . h:sf nflu csf]{ au}rfsf] s'g}klg kmnsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . ldqx? M–
s'g}klg JolQm anTsf/ x'b}ubf{ xfdL eGg] u5f}F, dlxnf lx+;f eof] eg]/, jf:tjdf
au}rfsf lt dfNfLx?, lgd{nf kGt,eflu/yL e§, clg s}of}F ;Demgf la= sx? pxfx?sf]
au}rfdf ePsf] h:t} ljkl/t hft / :jfbsf] kmn, c/aklt, s/f]8klt, pRrklbo ljlifi6 kp+rjfnf
47
dfnLx?sf] au}rfdf klg x'G5, ldqx? M– lsg n'l6b}gg\ tL dfnLx?sf] au}rfsf To:tf
kmnx? < clg lsg s'g} dfnLn] xTof ug{] cf6 ub}{g lt dfnLx?sf] < Pp6f au}rfsf]
dfnL åf/f, csf{] au}}rfsf] kmn n'l6bf pQm n'l6Psf] kmn ;+u n'l6bfsf] lk8fsf]
cg'e'lt x'b}g, lk8fsf] cg'e'lt t ;+DalGwt dfnL;+u dfq x'G5, pQm kmndf x'b}g .
To;}n] jf:tljs lx+;f au}rfsf] kmn cyf{t dlxnfdf geO{ ;+DjlGwt au}rfsf] dfnL
cyf{t cfly{s, z}lIfs, kfl/jf/Ls, ;fdfhLs, zfl/l/s ;Dk'0f{ ljifodf sdhf]/ JolQm k|lt
ul/Psf] xf] . of] tYo af6 of] klg k|i6 x'G5 ls, af:tljs dlxnf / k'?if, leGg leGg dfnLsf]
au}rfdf ePsf ljk/Lt hft / :jfb ePsf kmnx? h:t} xf], clg JolQm pQm au}rfsf] dfnL .
leGg leGg au}rfsf ;+DalGwt dfnL;+u, ljk/Lt hft / :jfb ePsf kmn k|of]u ug]{ ljifo
dfq, geP/ au}rfsf cGo ;a} kmnx? k|of]u x'g ;Sg] cgluGtL ljifox? x'G5g\ , t/
au}rfdf ePsf leGg leGg kmnx?df lglZrt hft / :jfb dfq x'G5 .
jf:tadf, dlxnf / k'?if, dfgan] pRrf/0f ug]{ zAb g} xf]Og, dlxnf / k'?
if ;DaGwL ;Dk'0f ljifosf] Joj:yfkg :jod k|s[ltn] g} ul//x]sf] 5, k|fl0fsf] ;[i6L sfn
b]vLg}, ul//xg] klg 5 cem} o'uf}F o'u ;Dd, hj;Dd r'Dassf c;dfg w|'ax? k/:k/
cfsifL{t ePem}F dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ljrdfklg k/:k/ cfsif{0ftf /xG5 .
xfdL ;Dk'0f{ JolQm jf ædÆ leq, of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] lgdf0f{, pQm ljifosf]
sfo{fGjogdf k|of]u ul/g] c+ux?, k|of]u ljwL, hjfgL jf of]g rfxfgf, of] ;a} k|s[ltn]
dfganfO{ lbPsf] pkfxf/ xf] . JolQmn] t cfjZostf / rfxfgf cg'?k pQm ;fwg jf c+ux?
sf] k|of]u åf/f ljifosf] sfo{Gjog ug]{ dfq xf] . k|s[ltn] JolQmnfO{ pQm ljifo
sfof{Gjog ug}{ k5{ eg]/ afWotf nfufPsf] x'b}g, olb jfWotf nfuPsf] eP s'g}klg
JolQm, cfh ljjfx gul/ a|Dxfrf/L wf/0f ug{ ;Sg] lyPgg\ .
h:t} M– k|Tos jif{ Pp6f k|hftLsf] r/f ?vsf] 8fnLdf a;]/ sfkmn kfSof]–sfkmn kfSof]
elg /x]sf] x'G5, p jif{df Ps k6s dfq cfpF5, lgirLt cjwL kf/ u/]/ cfkm} hfG5, g t
p:nfO{ s;}n] af]nfPsf] x'G5 g t s;}n] k7fp5 g}, p Psf]xf]/f] sfkmn kfSof] eg]/
sfkmn kfs]sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ /x]sf] x'G5 . p s;}nfO{ klg vfg} k5{ eg]/ jfWotf
nufpFb}g g t s:n] vfof] jf vfPg vf]hLg} u5{ p .
k|To]s JolQmdf hjfgL, of]g rfxfgf clg ædÆ leq of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo p:sf] hLjgdf
Ps k6s dfq cfpF5, sfkmn kfSof] eGg] r/f] jif{df Ps k6s cfPsf] h:t}, lgirLt cjwL kf/
u/]/ cfkm} hfG5, pQm r/f] uP h:t}, g t JolQmn] af]nfPsf] x'G5 g t k7fpg} k5{ .
sfkmn kfSof] eGg] r/fnfO{ sfkmn kfSof] eGg nufpg] k|s[lt g} xf] clg JolQmnfO{
hjfgL, of]g rfxfgf, of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] gLdf{0f u/fpg] klg k|s[lt g}, r/fn] sfkmn
åf/f sfkmn kfs]sf] ljifo sfof{Gjog u5{, JolQmn] dlxnf / k'?if åf/f of]g tyf k|hgg\
ljifosf] sfo{Gjog u5{ . pQm r/fn] ljifosf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;fwg sfkmn xf] clg k|
To]s JolQmn] of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifosf] sfof{Gjogu ug]{ ;fwg dlxnf / k'?if xf] . of]
tYo af6 klg k|:6 x'G5 k|s[ltn] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{, JolQmn] ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|
of]u ug]{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf k|df0fLt u/]sf] /x]5 . ldqx? M– cfh ljZjd} s}ofF}
JolQmx?, cfkm'x? dlxnfsf] ?kdf /xg' kbf{ ulx/f] lxgtfaf]wdf x'gx'G5, cfkm' ;+u
h'g ;'s} sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] of]Uotf, Ifdtf / ;s[otf x'bfx'b}klg sfd ug]{ cfF6 cfPsf] 5}g,
pxfFx?nfO{, dlxnf elgPs} sf/0f . af]Ng ;Sg] Ifdtf x'bfx'b} klg af]Ng nhfpg' /
48
8/fpg'x'G5, dlxnf elgPs} sf/0f . cfkm'nfO{ >Ldfg eGbf tNn} txdf :o"sfg{ afWo
x'g'x'G5, dlxnf elgPs} sf/0f . elgG5 ækf]yL af;]sf] /fd|f] x'b}gÆ dlxnf elgPs}
sf/0f . clg s}ofF}+ JolQmx? cfkm'nfO{ k'?if elgPsf]df TotLg} 3d08Lt x'g'x'G5,
hlt, dlxnf elgPsf]df lxgtfaf]w ePsf] 5 . af:tjdf dlxnf jf k'?if, JolQm ljz]if geP/
JolQmn] k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg dfq xf] eGg] of] jf:tljstf nfO{ Jojxf/df g} kl/0ft ul/Pdf,
lxgtf af]w / 3d08 Ps};fy cGTo x'g]5, clg ;'?x'g]5, k|To]s JolQm–JolQmdf kf/:kl/s,
jf:tljs efjgfTds ;dfgtf clg kf/:kl/s ;b\efj / ;Ddfgtf . ldqx?M cfh d}n] of] dlxnf / k'?if
;DaGwL ljifo, d k'?if eP/ xf]O{g ;du| dfgjsf] dfgaLo c:tLTj, jf:tjLs kl/ro / klxrfg
leqsf] Pp6f JolQm eP/ n]vL /x]sf] 5', sLgsL jf:tjLs k'?if d xf]Og, ej zlQm ædÆ ;
+u hftL / lnË g} x'b}g, hftL / lnË t zl//df dfq ;DaGwLt x'G5 . ldqx? M– of]g tyf
k|hgg\ ljifo ;Dk'0f{ dfgj tyf JolQmsf] ;femf ljifo xf] . pQm ljifo sfof{Gjog ug{sf]
nfuL k|of]u ul/g] cf–cfˆgf] zl//df ePsf] of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux? dWo dlxnf jf k'?if
cfkm' ;+u s'g zlQm 5 eGg] s'/f ;DaGwLt JolQmnfO{ k|:6 ;+u yfxf x'G5, h;/L
8«fOe/ nfO{, cfkm'n] k|of]u ug]{ ;af/L ;fwg / ;fwgdf /x]sf leGg leGg ljifodf k|
of]u ul/g] ;Dk'0f{ kf6k'hf{sf] hfgsf/L x'G5 . s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ of]g tyf k|hgg\
ljifosf] sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos 5}g eg], p:n] ljjfx g} gug{ ;S5 jf cGo ljifo
sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nfuL h'g ;'g} JolQm ;+u klg ;xsfo{ ug{ ;S5 . jf:tjdf ljjfx dlxnf /
k'?ifsf] ljrdf xf]Og, jf:tjLs ljjfxf t b'O{ JolQmsaf] cfTdfsf] ldng xf] . jf:tljs dlxnf /
k'?if of]g ;+u dfq ;DaGwLt x'G5 t/ ljjfx, of]g nufot lhjgsf cGo ;Dk'0f{ ljifo ;
+u ;DaGwlt x'G5 . of]g / ljjfxsf] ljrdf s'g} jfWofTds ;DaGw x'b}g, ljjfx ljgf g} jf
ljjfx k'j{ g} of]gsf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;S5 / ljjfx kl5 sf/0f a; pQm ljifosf] sfof{Gjog
gx'g klg ;S5 t/ JolQm ljifo ljlxg ePsf] x'b}g, o:tf JolQmnfO{ dlxnf / k'?if ;+u
s'g} ;DaGw x'b}g . To;}n] of] tYo af6 klg k|:6 x'G5, dlxnf / k'?if JolQm ljz]if
geP/ JolQmn] cfjZostf / rfxfgf cg'?k jf:tljs of]g cfgGb / k|hgg\sf] nfuL k|of]u ug]{
;fwg dfq xf] .
ldqx?M cfh b]zdf, laleGg hftL / lnËsf] cfwf/df cf/If0f sf]6fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5,
cf/If0f sf]6f hftL / lnËsf] cfwf/df xf]Og . s'g\ JolQm s'g ljifodf ljkGg 5, ljifo ut
ljkGgtfsf] cfwf/df cf/If0f sf]6fsf] Joj:yf x'g' k5{ . hftL / lnËnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL/xFbf
kfpg' kg]{ JolQmn] gkfpg], kfpg' gkg]{ JolQmn] ;'ljwf kfpg], cjZyf /x]sf] 5 .
o:sf] cy{ aln/x]sf] lah'nL aTtLsf] cuf8L d}g aTtL afNg' h:t} xf] .
ldqx?M– æhlt nfdf] 8f]/L af6]klg cGTodf uf7f] Pp6} dfqÆ eg]em}, xfdLn] a'‰g'
kg]{ jf:tlastf olt dfq xf] – JolQmnfO{ g} dlxnf jf k'?if eGb} ubf{sf] cj:yfdf cfh
xfdLn] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ljrdf b]lvPsf hlt klg c;dfgtfx? 5g\ lt ;Dk'0f{ c;dfgtfx? dfgj
4f/f g} lgdL{t s[ltd c;dfgtfx? x'g\ . kl/jtL{t ;do / k/Ll:ytL cg'?k, dfgjdf cfpg]
r]tgfsf] ljsfz ;+u ;+u} lt ;Dk'0f{ s[ltd c;dfgtfx? qm|d; ;dfgtfdf kl/0ft x'g]5g\,
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ljutsf s}of}F c;dfgtfx? ;dfgtfdf kl/0ft eO{;s]sf 5g\ t/ dfgjsf] leGg
leGg zl//df /x]sf leGg leGg of]g tyf k|hgg\ zlQm ePsf of]g tyf k|hgg\ c+ux?sf]
lardf ch;Dd kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}g / slxNo} klg ;dfgtf x'g ;Sb}g, h:df k|fs[lts c;dfgtf
/x]sf] x'G5, olx xf] jf:tljs dlxnf / k'?if .
49
ldqx?M– ljif]z t ;Daf]wgdf k|of]u ul/g] ;Ab, tF, ltdL / tkfFO{ dWo ætkfFO{Æ df
dfq ;dfgtf, ;Ddfgtf ;Eotf / ldqtf kfpg ;lsG5 . ætkfFO{Æ af6 ;'? ePsf] ldqtf æltdLÆ
af6 s6'tf / a}dg:o ;'? eP/ ætFÆ ;Dd k'Ubf ldqtfsf] cGTo x'g]5 . tF / ltdL, JolQmsf]
zl//df /x]sf] lnËsf] cfwf/df cyf{t dlxnf / k'?if ;+u ;DaGwLt of]g c+usf] cfwf/df
eGg] ul/G5 t/ ætkfFO{Æ df dlxnf / k'?if g} x'b}g . h:t}M
tF, ltdL, tkfFO{
tF M– /fdn] l;tfnfO{ af]nfof] – k'?if
l;tfn] /fdnfO{ af]nfO{ – dlxnf
ltdL M– /fdn] l;tfnfO{ af]nfP – k'?if
l;tfn] /fdnfO{ af]nfO{g\ – dlxnf
tkfFO{ M– /fdn] l;tfnfO{ af]nfpg' eof] –
JolQ
l;tfn] /fdnfO{ af]nfpg' eof] –
jf
– a'af sf7dfG8f} af6 cfpg' eof]
– cfdf klg kf]v/f af6 cfpg' eof] tkfFO{
olb cdf / a'af dlxnf / k\'?if ePsf] eP tF / ltdLdf h:t} c;dfgtf x'g] lyof], To;}n] of]
tYo af6 klg k|:6 x'G5, s'g} klg JolQm dlxnf jf k'?if x'g ;Sb}g .
ldqx?M– h'g ;'s} ljifo leqsf] jf:tjLstf cyf{t ;Totf pQm ljifosf] ulx/fO{df dfq
kfpg ;lsG5 . lutsf/ lg/ ;fxfn] n]Vg' ePsf] 5 æulx/fO{df 8'Ab} g8'a, 8'la;s]sf 5}f eg]
df]tf] gl6lk gkms{Æ df]lt hldgsf] ulx/fO{df e]l6Ph:t}, jf:tljstf pQm ljifosf]
ulx/fO{df e]6\g ;lsG5 . olb jf:tljstf ljifosf] cfj/0fdf g} kfO{g] ePsf] eP, ;fob
u'lnof] tyf ld7f] /;, ;'Gtf]nfsf] af]qm|f]dfg} kfO{g] lyof], s]:/f leqsf] klg ;fgf] ;fgf]
lah'nf ;Dd k'Ug' kg]{ lyPg, ld7f] /; k|fKt ug{sf] nfuL . cfh xfdL ef}lts ;Gtf]nfsf]
u'lnof] /; r';L/x]sf 5f}F t/ ljifo ?kL ;'Gtf]nfsf] af]qm|f] g} rkfO{ /x]sf /x]5f} cyf{t
ljifosf] cfj/0fdf g} cNdNnL /x]sf /x]5f}F . k|s[ltn] xfdL dfga nfO{ cGo k|f0fLsf]
eGbf pRr sf]6Lsf] 1fg, lje]s lbPsf], s] ljifosf] cfj/0fdf g} /dfpg xf] t < h'g lbg
dnfO{ af:tljs eujfgn], ;'Gtf]nfsf] dfWod 4f/f, x/]s ljifosf] ulx/fOdf pQm ljifo ;
+u ;DaGwLt jf:tljstf x'G5 eGg] ljifosf] 1fg k|bfg ug'{eof] clg pQm
ulx/fO{df ;DaGwLt ljifosf] jf:tjLstf b]Vg ;Sg] efjgfTds cf+vf lbg' eof] . ;f]xL lbg
b]vL g} d, ædÆ leq /x]sf x/]s ljifosf] ulx/fO{df jf:tljstf vf]hL/x]sf] 5' / e]l6/x]sf]
klg 5' . h'g lbg dnfO{ of] 1fg k|fKt eof], Tof] eGbf klxn], vfgf vfP/ k]6
eg'{nfO{ g} d c3FP eGy], t/ cfh d lbgdf kfFr k6s k]6 ebf{ klg k'0f{?kdf c3Ffpg
g;Sg] ePsf] 5', dnfO{ yfxf lyPg, zl// s] xf] / d sf] x'F eGg] ljifo, zl// / ædÆ Pp6}
7fg]sf] lyP d}n] . jf:tjdf, vfgf vfP/ k]6 eg]{ ljifo dfq /x]g5 ædÆ leq, vfgf vfP/ k]6
eg'{ t Pp6f ljifo dfq /x]5 ædÆ leqsf] . of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo dfq klg /x]g5 d leq, h'g
ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] k|of]u x'G5 . ædÆ leq t To:tf cgluGtL kl/jtL{t
ljifox? /x]5g\, h'g ljifox? ;do / kl/:yLt cg'?k sfof{Gjog x'g] /x]5g\ . ædÆ k'0f{?kdf
c3fpgsf] nfuL d leq /x]sf ;a} ljifo x?nfO{ Ps} ;fy sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 .
xfdLnfO{ yfxf5, df]afOnsf] d]df]/Ldf /x]sf ;Dk'0f{ lutx? Ps};fy ;'Gg ;lsb}g t/
50
cfkm'n] rfx]sf] lut vf]h]/ ;'Gg ;lsG5, To:t} g} /x]5 ædÆ leqsf ljifox? klg . k|
fyldStfsf cfwf/df qm|d; sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 . of] cGt/ efjgf efu b'O{ leq
dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;DaGwdf k|:t't ul/Psf ;Dk'0f tYox?, d s'df/ k|;fb kf]v/]n 4f/f lgdf{0f
ul/Psf cyf{t sNkgf ul/Psf cjZo klg xf]Ogg\ ;DaGwLt ljifosf] ulx/fO{df e]l6Psf
jf:tljstfx? x'g . ;'Gtf]nfsf] s]:/fdf /x]sf ;–;fgf lah'nf leq /x]sf dL7f] /;, s'g}klg
JolQm 4f/f el/Psf] kSs} klg xf]Og . clg hldg d'gL/x]sf laleGg vgLh tTjx? klg
a}1fgLs tyf e'–ue{ labn] lgdf{0f u/]sf xf]O{gg\, vf]h / cg';Gwfg af6 kTtf nufPsf
dfq x'g\ . hldgsf] ulx/fO{df kfgL / vfgL e]l6P h:t} x/]s ljifosf] ulx/fOdf pQm
ljifo ;+u ;DaGwLt jf:tljstf ca:oklg kfpg ;lsg]5 .
ldqx?M– d bz c}fFnf hf]8]/ laGtL ug{ rfxfG5', ;Dk'0f{ dfgj ldqx?df, tkfFO ldq
hlt klg ljifox? k|a]z x'G5g\ lt ;Dk'0f{ ljifox?sf] cfj/0fnfO{ slxNo} klg sfof{Gjog
gug'{ xf]nf, ljifo ;sf/fTds xf]; jf gsf/fTds . ljifo ;sf/fTds g} ePklg pQm ljifosf]
cfj/0f nfO{ g} sfof{Gjog ul/Pdf To;sf] kl/0ffd gsf/fTds klg cfpg ;S5 . pQm
ljifosf] jf:tljstf ;Dd k'luPg eg] . ljifosf] ulx/fOdf jf:tljstf vf]Hb} ubf{ ædÆ leqsf
gsf/fTds ljifo klg ;sf/fTds ag]/ cfpg] 5g\ . ljifo h'g qm|ddf ulx/fO{df uO{/x]sf]
x'G5, ;f]xL qm|ddf pQm ljifo ;sf/fTds alg/x]sf] x'G5, ta JolQmn] z+;f/sf ;a}dfgj
nfO{ d cfkm}F x'F eGg] 7fGg yfN5, cyf{t c?nfO{ k/]sf] lkF8fnfO{ cfˆg} 7fGg
yfN5 . Joltmn] pQm ulx/fO{df o:tf efjx? e]6\g]5 .

cGofo rfxfg] k|fl0f hutd} * sf]xL 5}g ;G;f/df .

hf] cfkm'df rfxfGg cGofo s'g} * u5{ lsg csf]{df ..
csf{nfO{ cGofP ug{ vf]Hg] * hf] sf]xL dfgax? .
;f]xL cGofo cfkm}FdfyL k/]df * s] ;f]Rnfg ltgL x? ..
a'‰b}gg\ sLg cfh dfgjx?n] * dfgas} dg efjgf .
dfgj 4/f dfgjg} t8\lkg' * of] s:tf] lj8Dagf ..

of] efjn] p:sf] gsf/fTds ljifo nfO{ ;sf/Tds agfO{ lbG5 .

ldqx?M– s'g}klg ljifosf] ulx/fO{df k'u]/ af:tlastf k|fKt ug{sf] nfuL, ulx/fO{df
hfg] af6f]df /x]sf cfwf/lxg k/Dk/f / s' ;+:sf/ ?lk ljiffn' sfF8f kG5fpg' kg]{ x'G5,
h;/L ;'Gtnfsf] ld7f] /;;Dd k'Ugsf] nfuL af]s|f]nfO{ pwf/]/ kmfnLG5 .
ljifosf] ulx/fO{df e]l6Psf jf:tljstf leq pQm ljifo ;+u ;DaGwLt laleGg k|:gx?sf]
cfwf/ ;lxtsf] pQ/ kfpg ;lsg]5 .
ldqx?M– d leqsf cGt/ efjnfO{ ;Ab 4f/f jfSodf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ qm|ddf s}of}F q[l6x?
x'g ;S5g\, dnfO{ cfzf 5, kf7s a[Gbx?n] n]vfOsf] e}ftLstfnfO{ eGbf klg ;DaGwLt
ljifosf] cGt/efjnfO{ g} k|fyfldstf lbg' x'g]5 .

51
 cGt/ efjgf efu #
ljifox?
!_ nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf
@_ jf:tljs lzIff
#_ jf:tljs Gofo

!_ nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf M– ldqx? zl// / ædÆ, Pp6} xf]Og ædÆ leqsf leGg leGg
ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ul/g] leGg leGg zlQm ePsf c+ux?sf] ;+o'Qm ?k xf]
zl//, eGg] ljifo cGt/ efjgf efu b'O af6g} k|:6 eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . of] tYoaf6 g} k|:6 x'G5
ls, dfga zl//sf s'g}klg c+u / ltgsf] k|of]u ;+u nhfpg'sf] cy{ ækfgLdfyLsf] cf]efg'Æ
aGg' dfq xf] . Ps csf]{n] b]v]sf / yfxf kfPsf zl//sf c+ux? / ltGsf] k|of]u ;+u
nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf g} 5}g, lsgsL nhfpg] u/]sf lt c+ux?df /f]u nfu]df ;of+} 8fS6/x?
nfO{ x]/fpg jfWo x'g'k5{ clg ;sf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf t k|of]u ug' g} 5 . zl//df
la;f}+ hf]/ ax'd"No sk8f nufPklg pQm sk8fn] zl//sf c+ux? c?n] b]Vg jf yfxf kfpg
g;Sg] ul/ n'sfpg ;lsb}g, hz/L ædÆ leqsf cgluGtL ljifox? n'sfpg ;lsG5 . pQm sk8fn]
t zl//sf c+ux? / To;leqsf] lj?KtfnfO{ c?n] x]g{ g;Sg]ul/ 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] dfq xf] . lt
c+ux? k|s[ltn] n'sfpg g;s]/ geO{ n'sfpg gkg]{ eP/ ;a}n] b]Vg ;Sg] agfPsf] /x]5 .
To;}n] ldqx? M– !_ nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf t Tof] ;+udfq x'G5, h:n] ;Dk'0f{ dfgasf]
ædÆ leq ;+sf / 8/ pTkGg u/fp5, ha Tof] ædÆ leq k|a]z x'G5
M– @_ nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf t Tof] ;+udfq x'G5, h:sf] sfof{Gjogdf b'v,
lk8f / cftÍ dfq x'G5, ha Tof] ;fwgsf] k|of]u åf/f sfof{Gjogdf uPsf] x'G5,
M– #_ nhfpg'sf] jf:tljstf t Tof] ;+udfq x'G5, h:nfO{ s;}n] slxNo} klg
x]g{, b]Vg jf yfxf kfpg} ;Sb}gg\, ha;Dd Tof] sfof{Gjogdf uPsf] x'b}g .
JolQmn] ædÆ leq lgdf0f{ ug]{ / k|s6 x'g] ljifox? b'O k|sf/sf] x'G5, ;sf/fTds ljifo /
gsf/fTds ljifo xfldn] c? s;}nfO{ klg yfxflbg gx'g] cyf{t sfof{Gjog ug]{ gx'g] ljifo
x? gsf/fTds ljifox? x'g, JolQm
oL ljifox? ;+u nhfpgsf] cy{xf] ;fwgsf] k|of]u åf/f sfof{Gjog gug{' . ca k|:g p7\5 ls,
ljifo ;sf/fTds xf] jf gsf/fTds xf], s;/L yfxf kfpg] eGg] ljifodf o:sf] ;lhnf] ;'q klg 5,
dg\ leq 8/, lrGtf, ;+sf /xg] * lt sfo{ v/fa x'g .
cfˆgf] sfo{ v/fa jf c;n 5 * 5'6\ofpg] oL ;'q 5g\ ..
zl//sf] lj?KtfnfO{ ef}lts sk8f åf/f 9flsP h:t} ædÆ leqsf gsf/fTds ljifo x? cfFvfn]
x]g{ g;lsg] cd'No sk8f åf/f 9fSg ;lsG5 . hf] jf:tljs dfga xf], p:n] pQm sk8f jf:tljs
euafg af6g} lg;'Ns k|fKt ug]{ ;S5, lsgsL eujfgnfO{ gsf/fTds ljifo dg kb}{g .
ldqx? M– @)&@ ;fnsf] e'sDk af6 xfd|f w]/} 3/x? eTsLP, w]/} wg hgsf] Iflt eof] .
xfldnfO{ o:tf] nfUof] sL e'sDkn] xfd|f w]/} 3/x? 9nfO{ lbof], t/ pQm ljifo leqsf]
jf:tljstf o:tf] xf]Og /x]5, xfd|f 3/x? e'sDkn] 9nfPsf] geP/ xfd|f] cfˆg} sDfhf]/
ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] sf/0f 3/x? 9n]sf /x]5g\, 9Ng' / 9fNg'df w]/} cGt/ /x]5, 9Ng'df
52
sDfhf]/ ;+/rgf bf]ifL /x]5 eg] 9fNg'df dfgljo lgPtL x'bf] /x]5 . 3/x? 9Ng'df e'sDk
bf]ifL geP/ cfˆg} ef}lts ;+/rgf bf]ifL ePem} JolQm ck/fwL x'g'df JolQm bf]ifL
geP/ JolQm jf ædÆ leq /x]sf gsf/fTds ljifo g} bf]ifL /x]5g\ .
h;/L lj1fgn] lbPsf] ljif]z k|ljlw, l;d]G6 /8sf] k|of]u åf/f, sDfhf]/ ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;§f
alnof] tyf e'sDk k|lt/f]wL 3/x? agfpg ;kmn ePsf 5f}, l7s To;}u/L jf:tljs eujfgn]
lbg'ePsf cd'No sk8f åf/f ædÆ leq /x]sf ;Dk'0f{ gsf/fTds ljifox? s;}n] g b]Vg] ul/
9fSg ;lsG5 . h:n] ubf{ lt ljifox? sfof{Gjog x'g kfpb}gg\ .
ldqx? M– dfgadf b'O k|sf/sf] gUgtf x'G5, ef}lts gUgtf / jf:tljs gUgtf cyf{t ef}lts
sk8f ljgfsf] zl// / cd'No sk8f ljgfsf] ædÆ . xfldnfO{ yfxf 5, k|To]s jif{ lze/fqL sf]
lbg kz'kltsf] dlGb/df w]/} ef/lto gfËf of]uLx? eSthgsf] ?kdf cfpg] u5{g\, plgx?n]
zl//df ef}lts sk8f nufPsf x'b}gg\ t/ jf:tljs eujfgn] lbg' ePsf cd'No sk8f nufpg eg]
lj;L{Psf x'b}gg\, To;} sf/0fn] k|Tos jif{ cfpg] d}fsf kfPsf 5g\ t/ xfd|f] b]zsf ljlzi6
eGg]x? a]nf a]nfdf pQm cd'No sk8f nufpg lj;{g] u5{g\ / cfkm'nfO{ jf:tljs gfËf] k|
dfl0ft ug]{ u5{g\ .
ldqx? M– cfhxfdL of]g nfO{ nfh, kfk / 3[0ffsf] ljifo 7flg/x]sf 5f}, of]g ;DaGwL
s'/f ug{} nhfp5f} t/ jf:tjdf of]g nfh, kfk / 3[0ffsf] ljifo geP/, ;sf/fTds ljifosf]
sfof{Gjogdf ;fwg -dlxnf / k'?if_ sf] k|of]u åf/f ;DaGwLt JolQmsf] cfj:ostf / rfxfgf
cg'?k jf:tljs cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ Pp6f /dfOnf] k|fs[lts v]n xf] . nfh, kfk / 3[0ffsf] ljifo
t gsf/fTds ljifo ;+u dfq x'G5, h'g ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf b'v lk8f / cftÍ dfq x'G5, pQm
ljifo JolQm jf ædÆ leq k|j]z ubf{g} ;+sf / 8/ ;fyd} lnP/ k|j]; u/]sf] x'G5 . olb of]g
nfh, kfk / 3[0ffsf] ljifo 7flgPsf] eP gsf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjog gug]{ OdfGbf/ /
g}ltsjfg JolQmn] of]g sf] k|of]u ug]{ g} lyPgg\, plgx?sf ;Gtfg c;Dej lyof] lsgsL
of]g ljgf k|hgg\ c;Dej 5 . olb of]g nfh, kfk / 3[0ffsf] ljifo 7flgPsf] eP ljkl/t of]g tyf
k|hgg\ c+u ePsf cyf{t zl//df dlxnf / k'?if ePsf JolQmsf] ljrdf j}jflxs ;DaGw x'g]
lyPg hjsL of]g tyf k|hgg\ ljifo eGbf jfx]s lhjgsf cGo ;Dk'0f{ ljifox?sf]
sfof{Gjogdf JolQm PSn}n] jf h'g ;'s} JolQm ;+u klg ;xsfo{ x'g ;S5 . h:sfnfuL
dlxnf / k'?ifsf] cj:ostf g} kb}{g . To;}n] oL g} ;du| tYox?af6 k|:6 x'G5, nhfpg'sf]
jf:tljstf gsf/fTds ljifo ;+u dfq x'G5, zl//sf c+u / ltGsf] k|of]udf x'b}g .
@ jf:tljs lzIffM– ;Dk'0f{ dfgjn] k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ lzIff b'O k|sf/sf] x'G5 . !_
u'0ffTds lzIff @_ jf:tljs lzIff .
u'0ffTds lzIff o:tf] lzIff xf] h'g lzIff sIffut / cf}krf/Ls x'G5, h:jf6 JolQm ;DaGwlt
leGg leGg ljifosf] ljifout 1fg cfh{g ul/ lt ljifox?df of]Uo aG5 . jf:tljs lzIf0f o:tf]
lzIff xf], Joltn] cfh{g u/]sf] u'0ffTds lzIffnfO{ p:sf] lhjg e/ ;s[o, pkof]lu / cy{k'0f{
agfO{ /xG5 . pQm lzIffsf] sf/0f JolQmsf] of]Uotf Ifdtf / ;s[otf slxNo} c;kmn
x'b}g, jf:tljs lzIff k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmn] g} jf:tljs Gofosf] cy{ a'em]sf] x'G5 cyf{t
Tof] JolQm åf/f lhjg e/ gsf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjog x'b}g .
ldqx? M– u'0ffTds lzIff / jf:tljs lzIff ljrsf] leGgtf tn lbPsf x/kmx? Af6 klg k|:6
x'G5 .
lzIff o:tf] ck'a{ kmn a'emg' * h:df ld7f] :jfb 5 .
53
hlt jf8\of] emg} a9L bLg] * s:tf] ckf/ zlQm 5 ..
lzIff af;gf o'Qm o:tf] km"n xf] * ;' uGw km}nfpg] .
;f]xL af;gf af6 dfgax?n] * ;Tdfu{ k}Nofpg] ..
jf:tljs lzIff ljgfsf] u'0ffTds lzIff, ld7f] :jfb ljgfsf] kmn / jf:gf / ;'Gb/tf ljgfsf] km"n
h:t} xf] .
lzIff o:tf] cd'No Tof] sk8f xf] * cfFvfn] gx]/Lg] .
gsf/fTds ljifo dfga dgsf] * h:nfO{ 9fsLlbg] ..
JolQm :jodn] nufpg' kg]{ cd'No sk8f jf:tljs lzIff xf], h'g sk8f cfFvfn]
xg{ ldNb}g .
u'0ffTds lzIff zl//df nufOg] ax'd'No sk8f h:t} xf], h'g sk8f cd'No sk8f ljgf cy{ lxg
x'G5 ., h:t} cd'No sk8f gnufPsf] JolQmn] cy{t ck/flwn] zl//df hlt ;'s} ax'd'No sk8f
nufPklg pQm sk8f efjgfTds ?kdf dfs'/fsf] hfnf] eGbf klg ;of} u'0ff kftnf] / u'0f:t/
lxg x'g]5 .

lzIff ;'Gb/ Tof] lxdfn klg xf] * ;f}Gbo{] emNsfpg] .

lbg] v';L x'g] lng] v';L x'g] * cyL{s pkfh{g x'g] ..
lxdfn u'0ffTds lzIff xf] / ;'Gb/tf jf:tljs lzIff xf], ;'Gb/tf s} sf/0f pQm
lxdfnnfO{ ;a}n] dg k/fp5g\ .
lzIff o:tf] cf}ifwL xf] a'lemlng'; * dfga\tf arfpg] .
l/if, /fu, åo; wd08 ?lk lt ls/f * df/]/ kG5fpg] ..
h;/L ljzfwL åf/f ls6f0f' df/]/ lj?jf hf]ufpg ;lsG5, l7s To;} ul/ jf:tljs lzIff ?lk ljiffwL
åf/f JolQm jf ædÆ leq /x]sf ;Dk'0f{ gsf/fTds ljifonfO{ df/]/ p:sf]
dfgatfnfO{ hf]ufpg ;lsG5 .
cfh b'lgofdf hltklg gsf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjog eO{ /x]sf] 5, h:df clwsf+; ljlzi6
eGg]x? g} cyf{t w]/} eGbf w]/} u'0ffTds lzIff dfq k|fKt u/]sf JolQmaf6} ePsf] 5,
o:sf] cy{ pxFfx?df jf:tljs lzIffs} cefa x'g's} kl/0ffd xf] . h:t} k'j{ ;efd'v dx/f, dGqL
jf:sf]6f, cVtLof/sf k|jQmf /fh gf/o0f kf7s, /+~hg sf]O/fnf cfbL, pxfFx? klbo
lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ g;s]/ jf u'0fTds lzIffsf] sld eP/ kbaf6 lgnDaLt x'g' k/]sf] xf]Og,
clg pxfFx?sf] zl//df ax'd'No sk8f geP/ klg xf]Og, jf:tljs eujfgn] lgz'Ns lbg' ePsf]
cd'No sk8f gnufpg' cyf{t jf:tljs gUgtfsf] kl/0ffd xf] .
To;}n] ca, b]zsf ;a} z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df u'0ffTds lzIffsf] ;fy ;fy} ljWofyL{x?
nfO{ jf:tljs lzIff klg lbg' clgjfo{ 5 . u'0ffTds lzIffsf] h:t} jf:tljs lzIffsf] klg d'NofÍg
ljlw ckgfpg' k5{ .
# jf:tljs Gofo M– s'g} klg JolQm lkl8t eO{;s]kl5 lk8s cyf{t ck/flwnfO{ ;hfosf]
gfddf ufF;, jf;,skf; / ljleGg ;'ljwf lbP/ /fVg' ,;DjlGwt lkl8tnfO{ Gofo lbPsf] geP/
54
Gofo ZfAbsf] g} ckdfg ug'{ xf] . jf:tljs Gofo o:tf] Gofo xf] , o; leq ck/flw / lkl8t
g} x'b}g .
ldqx? Mlk8s jf ck/flw lglZrt ;do k'/f eP kl5 s}b d'St x'G5 t/ pQm lk8s ;uF ;DjlGwt
lkl8t Tof] lk8f af6 d'Qm x'g ;s]sf] x'b}g . h:t} M /~hg sf]O/fnf h]n d'Qm x'b}
ubf{ lutf 9sfnsf cfkmGtx?, pGsf] xTofx'bfsf] lk8faf6 d'Qm x'g ;Sg'ePsf] 5}g,
Pp6f lgbf]{if caf]w afnsnfO{ ckx/0f ul/ xTof ug]{ ck/flwnfO{ ;'lawf;lxt s}b ub}{
ubf{, Tof] afnssf cleefasnfO{ Gofo lbPsf] eGg ldNb}g lsgsL ck/fwL s'g}lbg s}b
d'Qm x'G5 t/ Tof] afnssf cfdf a'af cfˆgf] ;Gtfg u'dfpbfsf] lk8faf6 d'Qm x'g' ePsf]
x'b}g . To;}n] cfh lbb} ul/Psf] elgPsf] o:tf] Gofo jf:tljs Gofo x'g ;Sb}g . jf:tljs
Gofo leq gt s;}n] lk8f ef]Ug' k5{ gt ;hfo g}, jf:tljs Gofo leq s8f eGbf klg
s8f ;hfosf] sfg'g x'G5 t/ pQm ;hfo ef]Ug] s'g] JolQm g} x'b}g lsgsL pQm
s8f ;hfosf] sf/0f ck/flwx? lgd{f0f ug]{ ck/fw g} 8/fP/ eflu ;s]sf] x'G5 .
xfldnfO{ yfxf 5, ck/fw lagf sf]lxklg JolQm ck/fwL x'b}g h;/L wg lagf sf]lx wlg
x'b}g, 1fg aLgf 1flg / lzIff lagf sf]lx jf:tljs lzlIft x'b}g .
ldqx? M cfFvfn] x]/L /x]sf] x'G5, dGfn] b]lv /x]sf] x'G5, xfldnfO{ o:tf] nfU5
ls, ;hfo ck/flw jf JolQmn]g} ef]lu/x]sf] 5 t/ pQm ljifo leqsf] jf:tljstf o:tf] xf]Og
/x]5, ;hfo ef]Ug] JolQmn] geP/ ck/fwn] kf] /x]5, olb ;hfo JolQmnfO g} lbOg]
ePsf] eP, h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ klg lbP x'g] lyof], ck/fwsf] lsl;d / ck/fwL kTtf nufpg
vf]h / cg';Gwfgsf] cfjZostf kg]{ g} lyPg, To;}n] JolQm, ck/fwnfO{ ;hfo lbnfpg]
dfWod dfq /x]5 . ha ls, ;hfP JolQmn] ef]Ug] geP/ ck/fwn] g} ef]Ug] xf] eGg] s'/f
k|:6 eO{ ;s]kl5 ;hfo hltg} s8f elgPklg jf:tljs ;hfo slxNo} s8f x'b}g ha;Dd ck/fwsf]
cGTo x'b}g, lsgsL s8f ;hfo åf/f g} ck/fwnfO{ eufP/ JolQmnfO{ ck/flw x'gaf6
hf]ufpg ;lsG5 .
ldqx? M jf:tljs cfuf] Tof] dfq xf], h:sf] :k;{ af6 tftf]sf] cg'e'lt ug{ ;lsG5, jf:tljs
dfga Tof] dfq xf] h:n] jf:tljs Gofosf] cy{ a'em]sf] x'G5 cyf{t gsf/fTds ljifo c?nfO{
b]vfpg nhfpF5 h:n] ubf{ Pp6f dfgan] cfkm'h:t} csf]{ dfga åf/f b'Mv lk8f / cftÍ
ef]Ug' kg]{ 5}g olx xf] jf:tljs Gofosf] cy{ .
ldqx? M ca xfldnfO{ k|:6 eO{ ;s]sf] 5, ck/fw ljgf ck/flw x'b}g ck/flw geP ;hfo
lbOb}g To;}n] ck/flwnfO{ /fHo sf]if af6 ufF;, af;, skf; / cGo ;'ljwf lbg', lkl8tnfO{
jf:tljs Gofo lbPsf] x'g ;Sb}g . cfh b]zdf s}of}+ JolQmx? ufF;, af;, skf;, cf}iflw
pkrf/ gkfP/ t8\lk /x]sf 5g\, t/ ck/flwnfO{ ;hfosf] gfddf o:tf] ;'ljwf lbP/ /fVg'
Gofof]lrt x'g ;Sb}g . ck/fw åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf ck/flwx?nfO{ ;hfPsf] gfddf ;'ljwf
lbg' ck/fw nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{ xf], tf ls h:n] w]/} eGbf w]/} ck/flwx? lgdf{0f
ug{ ;sf]; . ck/fw åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf ck/flwx?nfO{ ca h]ndf xf]Og ;DaGwlt uf=kf=
jf g=kf= sf] ;fj{hlgs :yndf k;' h:t} ul/ bfDnf]n] afFw]/ 3fF; lbg] sfg'g aGg' k5{ .
xfnsf] sfg'g cg';f/ s}b ca:yfdf ck/flwnfO{ nfUg] vr{ ;DaGwlt lkl8tn] kfpg] Joj:yf
x'g' k5{ . xfldn] ;dfhdf ;'Gb} cfPs 5f}, w]/}n] eGg] u5{g ætFnfO df/]/ h]ndf uP/
bfn, eft, tsf{/L vfP/ cfgGbn] a:5'Æ bfDnf]n] afw]/ 3fF; vfg lbg], o:tf] sfg'g alg

55
lbPdf sf]lx s;}n] klg eGg ;Sg] 5}gg\ ætFnfO df/]/ kz' h:t} ul/ bfDnf]n] afFlwP/ 3f;
vfP/ a:5'Æ eg]/ .
ldqx? M s8f eGbf klg s8f ;hfosf] sf/0faf6 g} AolQmnfO{ ck/flw agfpg]
ck/fwnfO{ eufP/ ;DjlGwt AolQmnfO{ ck/flw x'g jf6 hf]ufpg ;lsG5 ,h;/L jfln af6
w]/} pTkfbg lngsf] nflu la?jfdf s8f ljifflwsf] k|of]u åf/f ls/fx? df/]/ lj?
jfnfO{ hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . s8f ;hfosf] sfg'g AolQmnfO{ b'Mv lbgsf]nflu geO{ p;nfO{
ck/flw x'g af6 hf]ufP/ jf:tljs Gofosf] :yfkgf ug' xf] .
o:tf] s8f ;hfosf] sfg'g agfP/ sfo{fGjog ug]{ 7fpFdf o:tf AolQmx? k'Ug' k5{ , h;\
nfO{ cfkm'n] vg]sf] vfN8f]df cfkm} kl/G5 ls eGg] ;Fsf / 8/ gxf];\ . jf:tljs ;hfo
AolQm ljif]znfO{ geP/ ck/fwnfO{ lbOg] xf] eGg] cGt/efj ;DjlGwt AolQm ;Fu
x'g'k5{ . ;hfo sfo{fGjog ug{] ;jfndf, ck/flwsf] ljlzi6 kb / k|lti7f ;Fu ;DjlGwt geP/
ck/fwsf] lsl;d / ck/fw ug'{sf] sf/0f ;Fu ;DjlGwt x'g' k5{ , lsgsL cfˆgf] kb / Kf|
lti7fnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ AolQm slxNo} ck/flw x'b}g .
ljlzi6 AolQm xf]Og kb xf], ljlzi6tf leq gsf/fTds ljifo k|a]z ug{{{} ;Sb}g, Tof]
AolQm dfq ljlzi6 x'g ;S5 h;n] ;DjlGwt klbo lhDd]jf/L ;s[otfsf ;fy k'/f ul//x]sf]
x'G5 jf ljlzi6 Tof] AolQm dfq x'G5 h;af6 gsf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjog x'b}g olb
o:tf] x'G5 eg] Tof] ljlzi6 AolQm x'g ;Sb}g , To;}n] ;hfo kbnfO{ xf]Og , ck/flwx?
lgdf{0f ug]{ ck/fwnfO{ lbg] xf] .
h;n] s8f ;hfosf] lj/f]w u5{ pSt sfg'gsf] lj?4df cfjfh p7fp5, Tof] emg} dxfF ck/flw
xf], p ck/fwsf] k|of]u af6 cfgGb lng RffxG5
h'g lbg ck/fw / ;hfosf] cGTo x'G5 ,;f]lx lbg jf:tljs Gofo :yfkgf ePsf] lbg x'g]5 .
dfgj h:tf] r]tglzn k|fl0fsf nflu of] s'g} sfNklgs ljifo xf]Og lsgsL dfgj ck/fw ljgf g}
afRg ;S5 .
“ck/fw ug'{ afWotf xf]Og /x/ xf], ;hfo lbg' /x/ xf]Og afWotf xf] .”
Nffuf];\ /f]u eg]/ cf}iflwx? * xf]Ogg\ agfOPsf .
nfUb}g olb /f]u g} cf}iflw * x'Gg cfjZostf ..
o:t} g} ck/fw slx gePdf * ;hfo s;nfO{ lbg] <
Tof] lbg s:tf] xf]nf ;hfo ZfAb} * ;w}F nfO{ cGTo x'g] ..

cGt/ efjgf efu –$

ljifo M jf:tljs eujfg / eujfg v';Lx'g] jf:tljs k'hf

ldqx?M dlGb/sf] gfd lbOPsf], 3/ leq /flvPsf], kTy/ jf wft'sf] dfgj :j?k jf:tljs eujfg
x'g ;Sb}g lsgsL jf:tljs eujfgsf] ef}lts :j?k g} x'b}g hasL :j?k g} gePsf] ;sf/fTds efj
zlQm jf:tljs eujfgnfO{ ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . z'/Iff t ;+sf / 8/ ;+u
dfq ;DaGwLt x'G5, jf:tljs eujfg ;+u ;+sf / 8/ g} x'b}g . dfgasf] ædÆ leq b'O{ k|
56
sf/sf ljifox? lgdf{0f ePsf x'G5g, ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds t/ jf:tljs eujfg ;+u ;sf/fTds ljifo
dfq x'G5g, jf:tljs eujfgnfO{ dg gkg]{ ljifo g} gsf/fTds ljifo x'g\ . ldqx?M jf:tljs
eujfgnfO{ v';L kfg{sf] nfuL ul/g] jf:tljs k'hf o:tf] k'hf xf] h'g k'hf ug{sf] nfuL
dGbL/, d'tL{, km'n kftL, cIftf, e]l6 g}a]B, j:q cfbL s'g}klg ef}lts j:t'sf] cfjZostf
g} kb}{g, JolQmn] cˆgf] zl//sf aflx/L c+ux?nfO{ ;sf/fTds ljifosf] sfo{Gjogdf dfq
k|of]u ug'{ g} jf:tljs eujfg v';L x'g] jf:tljs k'hf xf] . lsgsL eujfgnfO{ ef}lts j:t'sf]
cfjZostf g} kb}{g, h;nfO{ h'g j:t'sf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g, ToxL lbg vf]Hg'
wd{ xf]Og kfk x'G5, h:t} af3nfO{ 3Ff; / ufO{ nfO{ df;', g t af3 3fF; kfP/ v';L
x'G5, g t df;' kfP/ ufO{, g t ef}lts a:t'af6 jf:tljs eujfg .
ldqx?M cfh xfdL eujfgsf] gfddf ef}lts a:t'sf] k|of]u åf/f k'hf ub}{ ubf{ eujfg v';L
x'g' eof] eGg] 7fg]/ cfgGb k|fKt ePsf] cg'e'lt ul/ /x]sf 5f} t/ Tof] cfgGb jf:tljs
cfgGb xf]Og, h;\ k|lt d ;dkL{t 5', cyf{t h'g zlQmnfO{ d}n] k'hf ul/ /x]sf] 5', d}n]
k'hf u/]sf] ;DaGwLt zlQmn] pQm k'hfaf6 cfgGb k|fKt u/]sf], d}n] yfxf
kfO{ ;s]kl5sf] k|fKt ePsf] cfgGb dfq jf:tljs cfgGb xf] . af3nfO{ 3fF; /
ufO{ nfO{ df;' lbP/ d}n] cfgGb lng'sf] s] cy{, h:af6 g t ufO{ v';L ePsf] x'G5 gt
af3, h:nfO{ h:sf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g .
ldqx?M jf:tljs eujfgnfO{ v';L kfg{ ;lsg] csf]{ ;lhnf] tl/sf, xfldn] cfˆgf] 3/ j/Lkl/
nufPsf laleGg yl/sf km'nx? hltg} ;'uGwLt jf af;gfbf/ ePklg jf:tljs eujfgsf nfuL
of]Uo x'b}gg\ lsgsL o:tf ef}lts km'nx? jf:tljs eujfgnfO{ cfjZostf g} kb}{g, To:tf
km'nx? af6 t h'g ;'s} JolQm jf ck/fwLn] klg cfgGb lnO{/x]s} x'G5 . jf:tljs
eujfgnfO{ dg kg]{ Pp6} af;gf ePsf rf/ y/L km'nx? 5g\, h'g km'nx? JolQmn] cf–
cfˆgf] dgsf] au}rfdf km'nfpg ;Sg' k5{ . ef}lts au}rfdf ed/fx? /dfP emF} pQm dgsf]
au}rfdf jf:tljs eujfg /dfpg' x'G5 . ha k|To]s JolQmsf] dgdf eujfg a:g' x'G5, ta
;sf/fTds efj zlQm jf:tljs eujfgnfO{ dg gkg]{ gsf/fTds ljifo dgleq k|a]; ug}
{ kfpFb}g, ckafbdf k|a]z g} ePklg pQm ljifo sfo{fGjog x'g kfpFb}g, h;/L af3sf]
cuf8L :ofn hfg} ;Sb}g cyf{t l;sf/ ug]{ ljifosf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Sb}g .
ldqx?M ;Dk'0f{ dfgax?n] cf–cfˆgf] dgsf] au}rfdf km'nfpg' kg]{, jf:tljs eujfgnfO
dg kg]{ rf/ yl/ km'nx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ .
g}ltstf ;'–rl/q, ;xgl;ntf * rflxG5 nuglzn .
oL rf/} u'0f ;a dfgadf eP * b]z aG5 gL pHjn ..
ldqx?M dGbL/sf] gfd lbOPsf] Pp6f 3/ leq /flvPsf], d'tL{ elgPsf]
ef}lts ;fwgnfO{ jf:tljs eujfgsf] ?kdf lj:jfz ug]{ s'g} cfwf/ g} 5}g, lj:jfz ug{ klg
s'g} cfwf/ t x'g' k5{ lg xf]Og/ <
eujfg elgPsf] h'g d'tL{nfO s'g}klg dfgan] Toxfaf6 p7fP/ csf]{ 7fpFdf nu]/
a]Rg ;s5, olb ;'/Iff ePg eg] lsgsL of] ;fwgsf] ef}lts d'No x'G5, olb Tof] d'tL{ jf:tljs
eujfgsf] c+; jf :j?k xf] eg], eujfg h:tf] k/+ zlQmnfO{ s'g} dfgan] ckx/0f ug{ ;S5 /
<
:j:yfgL syfdf xfdLn] k9]sf 5f}, sfdb]jn] dfxfFb]jnfO{ sfdjf0f k|xf/ ubf{ sfdb]j
tTsfn ToxLF e:d ePsf] / pgsL kTgL /ltn] dfxfFb]j ;+u lanfk u/]sf] s'/f . jf:tjdf
57
rf]g'{ eg]sf] gsf/fTds ljifo xf], h'g ljifo jf:tljs eujfg nfO{ dg} kb}{g eg] rf]/L
x'g ;S5 / < eujfgsf] :j?k . To;}n] d'tL{, dfga lgdL{t eujfgsf] sNkgf ul/Psf] sfNklgs
:j?k dfq xf] . jf:tljs eujfg x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] ef}lts :j?k / d'No ePsf] sfNklgs
eujfgnfO{ w]/} lbbf v';L ePsf] / yf]/} x'bf l/;fosf] cg'e'lt ug{ klg ;lsb}g gt r8fPsf]
elgPsf] ef}lts a:t' x?sf] k|of]u g} ePsf] x'G5, h:nfO{ lbPsf] xf] p:n] k|of]u g} ub}
{g eg] p:nfO{ lbg'sf] s] cy{ x'G5 t/ jf:tljs eujfgsf] g t ef}lts d'No g t ef}lts :j?k,
jf:tljs eujfgnfO{ eujfgsf] ?kdf lj:jf; ug]{ k'0f{ cfwf/ 5 . ha d leq s'g} gsf/fTds ljifo
jf ck/flws dfgl;stf k|a]; x'G5 tTsfn pQm ljifo ;+u ;+u} ædÆ leq ;+sf / 8/ pTkGg
u/fO{ lbg' x'G5, jf:tljs eujfgn], h:nfO{ d}n] rfx]s} x'Gg, o:sf] cy{ s'g}klg dfgan]
gsf/fTds ljifo c?nfO{ b]vfpg nhfj; cyf{t pQm ljifo sfof{Gjog gu/f]; eGg] xf] .
ldqx?M cfh xfdL sfNklgs eujfg cyf{t kTy/ jf wft'sf] ef}lts ;fwgnfO{ eujfg 7fg]/
h:sf] jl/kl/ laleGg vfg]s'/f /fvL lbG5f}, h'g vfg] s'/f ;DaGwLt eujfgn] k|of]u u/]s}
x'b}gg\, lt vfg] s'/f x?nfO{ xfdL k|;fb eg]/ vfg] u5f} . jf:tjdf ef}lts j:t' jf:tljs k|;fb
x'g} ;Sb}g, jf:tljs k|;fb Tof] dfq xf], h:df ;sf/fTds ljifosf] cg'e'lt x'G5, jf:tljs k|;fb
Tof] JolQm dfq aGg ;S5, h:n] ;DaGwlt leGg leGg ljifosf] km/s km/s ;sf/fTds
cg'e'lt u/]sf] x'G5, t/ vfg]s'/f leGg leGg ljifodf klg Pp6} k|sf/sf]
agfpg ;lsG5, ;DaGwLt vfg] s'/f ;+u ;DaGwLt leGg leGg ljifosf] af]w x'b}g,
h:nfO{ xfdL k|;fb 7fg]sf x'G5f} . vfg] s'/f df t laleGg kf]i6Ls tTj / le6fldgx? dfq
x'G5, h:n] zl//nfO{ cfjZos zlQm lbG5, Tof] zlQm nfO{ ;fwgsf] k|of]u åf/f w]/}
eGbf w]/} ;sf/fTds ljifox?sf] sfof{Gjog df k|of]u ul/P dfq jf:tljs eujfg v';L
x'g'x'G5, jf:tljs k|;fb slxNo} gsf/fTds x'b}g t/ k|;fb elgPsf] vfg] s'/faf6 k|fKt zlQm
nfO{ JolQmn] ;fwgsf] k|of]u åf/f gsf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf klg k|fof]u ug{ ;S5
.
ldqx?M cfh xfdLn] vfg] s'/fnfO{ k|;fbsf] ?kdf lnb} ubf{ wd{ xf]Og pN6} kfk
eO{ /x]sf] 5 lsgsL k|;fb elgPsf] vfg] s'/fdf eujfgsf] c+; jf ?k x'G5 eGg] ul/G5, olb
of] ;To xf] eg] pQm vfg] s'/fnfO{ bfFtn] rkfP/, ¥ofn / y'sn] lehfP/ k]6sf] k'/fgf]
lb;fdf ld;fpFbf s] eujfg nfO{ ;Ddfg eof] t < ha ls bfFtdf s}of}F lbg klxn]sf]
vfg]s'/f c8\sLPsf] x'g ;S5, h:nfO{ xfdL bfFt] u' eGg] u5f}{ . ¥ofn, y's / vsf/ lgln
/x]s} x'G5f}, ha sL ToxL y's, ¥ofn / vsf/ d'v aflx/ kmf]xf]/ dflgG5, s] lgNg'sf] cy{
vfPsf] xf]Og / <
ldqx?M xfdLnfO{ k|:6 eO{;s]sf] 5 zl// / ædÆ Pp6} xf]Og cyf{t ædÆ efa zlQm
xf] / zl// ef}lts, zlQm ePsf] ;fwg xf], To;}n] vfg]s'/f cyf{t ef}lts a:t' d}n] g} vfg]
xf]Og d]/f nuL xf] h;/L ;jf/L ;fwgdf k|of]u x'g] t]n 8«««««Oe/ n] g} vfb}g,
pQm ;fwgdf ePsf] Tof] t]n ;fwgs} kf6{k'hf{ åf/f zlQmdf ?kfGt/0f x'G5, pQm
zlQmnfO{ ;DaGwLt 8«fOe/n] ;fwgsf] k|of]u åf/f ;DaGwLt ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|
of]u u5{, l7s To;} ul/ xfd|f] zl//sf] k]6df el/Psf] vfg] s'/f kfrg k|0ffnL åf/f laleGg
zlQmdf ?kfGtl/t x'G5, pQm zlQmnfO{ ;DaGwLt JolQmn] laleGg ljifosf]
sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ug{ ;S5, ;f]lx zlQm åf/f g} zl//sf cfGtl/s d]l;gx? Klg ;~rflnt
eO{ /x]sf x'G5g\ .
58
elgG5 æef]ln >f4 5 sf]bf] vfg' x'b}gÆ ldqx?M jf:tlastf o:tf] xf]Og, jf:tlastf of] xf]
sL, ;DaGwLt zl//sf] s'g} /f]usf] sf/0f sf]bf] vfg' x'b}g . xfdLn] vfg' x'b}g elgPsf]
sf]bf] / vfg' x'G5 elgPsf] rfdn ;+u s'g} klg ;DaGwLt ljifo jf >fb ;DaGwL ljifosf]
af]w x'b}g, ljifosf] af]w ;DaGwLt JolQm ;+u dfq x'G5 . lt vfg] s'/f ;+u t
zl//nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ le6fldg dfq x'G5 . d}n] t pQm vfg]s'/f af6 k|fKt le6fldg
zlQmnfO{ ædÆ leqsf leGg leGg ;sf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjogdf k|of]u ug]{ dfq
xf] . zl//sf leGg leGg c+ux? pQm zlQm åf/f k|of]u x'g] ;fwg dfq x'g . s:tf] ca:yfdf
s] vfg' x'G5 / s] x'b}g eGg] ljifo zl//sf] :jf:Yo cj:yf ;+u ;DaGwLt x'G5, wd{ ;+u
x'b}g, wd{ ;+u t ;sf/fTds ljifo dfq x'G5, To;}n] s] vfg' x'G5 / s] x'b}g eGg]
s'/f ;DaGwLt lj1 8fS6/ ;+u ;f]wg' k5{, k+l8t ;+u xf]Og . zl//sf s'g s'g
c+unfO{ s:tf] s:tf] le6fldgsf] cfjZostf k5{ / To:tf le6fldg s'g s'g vfg] s'/fdf
kfO{G5 eGg] 1fg ;DaGwLt 8fS6/ ;+u dfq x'G5, g t ;f:q ;+u g t k+l8t ;+u . k+l8t ;
+u ;f:q åf/f k|fKt k/+k/f dfq x'G5, t/ 8fS6/ ;+u lj1fg åf/f k|fKt jf:tljstf x'G5 . ca
xfdLnfO{ ;Ktfxf nufpg] k+l8t xf]Og, jf:tljs 1fg lbg] Pn=lk= efg' ;df{ / /d]z g]kfn
h:tf JolQm rfxLG5 .
xfd|f] zl//sf nfuL cfjZos vfg]s'/f rf]vf] / ;'4 xf]Og, ;kmf, :j:y / tfhf x'g'k5{ . of] zl//
slxNo} klg rf]vf] / ;'4 x'g ;sb}g, agfpg klg ;lsb}g . rf]vf] / ;'4 efjgfTds zAb xf] h'g
zAb efj zlQm ædÆ ;+u ;DaGwlt x'G5 . ;kmf, :j:y / tfhf ef}lts zAb xf] h'g zAb
ef}lts zlQm zl// ;+u ;DaGwLt x'G5 . rf]vf] / ;'4 zl//nfO{ xf]Og efj zlQm ædÆ
nfO{ agfpg ;Sg' k5{, To;}n] a|t zl//nfO{ ef]sf] /fv]/ xf]Og, d cfkm}n] ef]sf] a;]/
a|t ug{ ;Sg' k5{, o:sf] cy{ ædÆ leq ;Fw} ;sf/fTds lrGtg x'g'k5{, ;sf/fTds lrGtg leq
af6 g} ;sf/fTds ljifox? lgdf{0f x'G5g\ . ædÆ leq lgdf0f{ ePsf ltg} ;sf/fTds
ljifonfO{ vfg] s'/faf6 k|fKt zl//sf] zlQmnfO{ ;fwgsf] k|fof]u åf/f sfof{Gjog
ug'{ g} jf:tljs eujfg v';L x'g] jf:tljs a|t xf] .

ldqx?M d å/f n]vLPsf cGt/ efjgf, efu æPsÆ b]vL efu ærf/Æ ;Ddsf ;a} ljifo / pQm
ljifo leqsf jf:tljs tYox? dfga lhjg ;+u ;DaGwLt, dfga lhjg ?lk Pp6}, efjgfTds nfdf]
8f]/L xf] . pQm 8f]/L gcNhLof];\ eGg] pb]Zon] pQm nfdf] 8f]/LnfO{ rf/ v08df
afF8LPsf] xf] . 8f]/L hlt nfdf] ePklg pb]Zo Pp6} dfq 5, ;Dk'0f{ dfga jf:tljs dfga
aGg ;s'g, h:sfnfuL s'g}klg dfgan] gsf/fTds ljifosf] sfof{Gjog gu/f]; / h:n]
ubf{ b]zdf jf:tljs Gofosf] :yfkgf xf];\, cyf{t ck/fw / ;hfo eGg] zAbsf] g} cGTo
xf];\ .

d åf/f n]vLPsf cGt/ efjgf * d]/f] k]jf xf]Ogg\ .

cfˆgf] cGt/ cfTdf leq vf]hg';\ * ca:o kfO{g]5g\ ..
;+;f/d} sf]lx dfga o:tf] 5}g * hf] cGt/ cfTdf ljlxg\ .
x'b}gg\ s'g} cGt/ cfTdf klg t * lt dfgatf ljlxg ..

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  ljbfO{ lut
;'Gg]nfO{ ;'gsf] dfnf eGg]nfO{ km'nsf]
cGt/ dgsf efjgfn] ˆofnf];\ ljsf/ dgsf]
dfgj 4f/f dfgjd} gxf];\ cTofrf/
;'Gg kfcf}F ;bflbg ;'e ;drf/
lzlz/ / j;Gtsf h:tf s7f]/ lktf
;+;f/d} sf]lx klg gx'g eG5' dt
k9\g] ;'Gg] ;j}nfO{ wGojfb lbG5'
g;'Gg]nfO{ ;'gfO{ lbg'; cg'/f]w u5'{
x] g]kfnL a'af, d'df,bfh', efO{ d]/f
lblb a}lg ;j}nfO{ ljbfO{ gd:sf/ .

60