CHEMISTRY

Cell reaction
Determination of cell potential

ELECTRO CHEMICAL SERIES
 Series in which elements are arranged on the basis of their
increasing tendency of reduction potential

 In ECS elctrode are arranged on the basis of SHE

 Elements above hydrogen are anode and undergo oxidation and act
as reducing agents

 Elements below hydrogen are cathode and undergo reduction

and act as oxidizing agents
Balance redox reaction
❑ By oxidation number method

❑By ion electron method

Ion electron method
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
 It is study of hydrocarbons or compounds
with C-H bonds
 Organic compounds are covalent in
nature
 Simplest organic compounds are
hydrocarbons which only contain C and
H elements
Example: alkane ,alkenes alkynes
History ……….
History
Introduction
 Kekul proposed valency of carbon is four

 He proposed structures of organic

compounds
Like open chain branched chain
He also proposed ring structure of benzene
Millions of organic compounds
Cause of catenation
Classification of organic compounds
Refining of petroleum
Reforming of petroleum

“Conversion of straight chain alkanes

into branched alkanes of high volatile
nature in presence of heat and catalyst”
 Reforming is type of chain isomerism
 Reforming improve quality and
increase octane number
 Tetraethyl lead is negative catalyst is
in reforming
Themal cracking is used to prodcue alkenes like ethene and propene
Catalytic cracking: this process produce gasoline of high octane
number in presence of catalyst like mixture of SiO2 and AL2O3
Cracking
 Cracking give additional amount of
gasoline

 Reforming only produce 20% of petrol

 Cracking also give useful by products

 For cracking of higher alkanes zeolite

(sodium aluminum silicate mineral) is
used
MCQ’S
 1.Polymerization without lose of mass is called as?
a) Additon polymerization b) Condensation polymerization c)
Isomerization
 2.. Polymerization results in same structural isomers is called ?
a)additon polymerization b) condensation polymerization c)
isomerization
 3. Alicyclic compounds are
a) Acyclic b) Open chain c) Cyclic and aliphatic
 3. Different compounds of same family differ by mass of 14gm are called ?
a)polymerization b) isomerization c) condensation d) homologous
series
 4. Homologs are …….. compounds
a) Chemically similar b) Physically similar c) Physically dissimilar d)
Both a & c
 5. Homologs share same…………….properties?
a)physical properties b) chemical properties c) both d)
non
6. Homologs have ……….. hybridization
a) Same b) Different c) Both a & b
 Homologous series
 Homo = same + logous = ratio (ratio
of C and H in methylene group or in
general formula )
 Homologs have same chemical
properties but different physical
properties
 Homologs have same structure,
hyberidization , method of preparation
 Melting point , boiling point and
density increases as number of C
atoms increase .
Properties
 Properties of organic compound
depeds upon
 Nature of functional group
 Branched chain isomers have low
boiling point and density and small
surface area and weak intermolecular
forces

 Length of carbon chain (as chain size

increase strength of London forces
In the addition process, no by products is
evolved, as in the polymerization of vinyl chloride

Polymerization, a simple, low-molecular-weight molecule

processing a double bond, referred to in this context as a
monomer no side products are
formed
Isomerism