STUDENT ID BC230214082

DEPARTMENT ADP IN PSYCHOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT NO 01
SUBMITTED BY ZAINAB SADAQAT
SUBMITTED TO DR. HASSAN ASKARI RIZVI
SUBJECT PAK-STUDIES-301
DATE 27/05/2023

ALLAMA IQBALˈs ADDRESS AT

ALLAHABAD(1930)
Allama Mohammad Iqbal, famous poet and philosopher, gave a
monumental presidental address at Allahabad on 29th of
december 1930 .

The main purpose of this session that Iqbal want to purpose

that Muslims should have their own state. It was the desire of
the Muslims of India to get a separate homeland .Iqbal was the
first who gave the idea of a separate homeland to the Muslims.
In this session, he delivered his historical speech, in which Sir
Syed Ahmad khan “Two Nation Theory” was explained by the
idea of Pakistan was presented.

Allama Iqbal in his address said that Islam is not only a set
beliefs and rituals or mere its verbal recognition, rather it is a
religion which gives its followers the idea of the political
system.
He said that:

The Muslims had their own cultural traditions, their own mode
of life, their own history and civilization. All these elements
proved that the Muslims were a different nation from the
Hindus. The Hindus always dreamt to rule over the Muslims
Due to their numerical predominance. Allama Iqbal said that
unless and until the Muslims were recognised as a nation under
a federal system and the Muslim majority units given the same
privilges as were given to the Hindus units, political harmony
would not exit. It was the only way in which both the Hindus
and the Muslims could prosper in accordance with their
respective cultural values. Allama Iqbal in his presidential
address proposed a permanent solution to the Muslim problem.
He said that:

The Western Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh should be

combined to form one province. Thus, quite a large Muslim
province would come into being. In this province , the Muslims
would live according to their religion and culture and would
not insist on their separate electorate. This is the only way to
do away with the communal riots in the sub-continent. In this
way, the North West part of the country could take the form of
a separate political system.

The remarkable words of Iqbal are:

India is a continent of human groups belonging to different

races, speaking different languages, and professing different
religions Personally, I would like to see the Punjab, North-
West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated
into a single State. Self-government within the British Empire,
or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated
North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the final
destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.

IMPORTANCE OF ALLAHABAD ADDRESS:

Allahbad address had a great impact on the political history of
India. Iqbal's address was known to have a forceful and logical
presentation of the Muslim case in India. His address arises the
awareness why should Muslims be treated as a political entity
rather than a minority. His address highlights the following
views that would prove highly beneficial in future.

 Redistribution of territory developed later on the concept of

a Muslim homeland.
 He further expressed these ideas in letters to Jinnah from
May 1936 to November 1937. He talked of a separate
federation of Muslim provinces. He advised the Muslims to
be above self-interest and devote themselves to Islam.
 In difficult times, Islam has saved the Muslims.
 Faith, culture and historical traditions are more important
than patriotism.
ANSWER 2.

THE ANNULMENT OF THE PARTITION OG

BENGAL BY THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN 1911:

The annulment of the partition of Bengal by the British Empire

in 1911 that had significant implications for the political
landscape of the Indian subcontinent and play a role in
strengthening the goals of All India Muslim league. The
reorganization separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from
the largely Hindu western areas. The province was divided into
West Bengal, which had a majority of Hindus , and East
Bengal which had a majority of Muslims, but there are still
sizeable miniorities of Hindus in East Bengal and Muslims in
West Bengal as a result of the division.

The annulment of the partition of Bengal strengthened the

goals of the All India Muslim League in two ways. First it
represent that the Muslim League was a powerful force that
could not be ignored by the British government. The other goal
was it was a strong case for the Muslims League for demanded
a separate Muslim state. The annulment of partition of Bengal
was a major turning point in the history of India. It led to the
rise of the All India Muslim League and the eventual creation
of Pakistan.

CONGRESS SPLIT:
The annulment of partition of Bengal had great impact for
Indian national congress. The strong opposition to the
partition and subsequent annulment further propelled the
Indian National Congress into a mass movement.
Simultaneously, the annulment fueled the growth of the
Indian National Congress as a mass movement fighting for
Indian independence and unity. The partition of Bengal and its
subsequent annulment played a important role in shaping
political land scape of India during the early 20th century.
SWADESHI AND BOYCOTT MOVEMENTS:
Following the partition, the Swadeshi and Boycott movements
emerged as significant responses to the British policy. These
movements aimed to reject British products and promote
Indian goods, protesting against the oversaturation of British
products in the Indian market and the subsequent harm to
domestic industries. The partition of Bengal contributed to the
sectarian division in the country, fostering the growth of the
All India Muslim League .

BRITISH DIVIDE AND RULE POLICY:

The British Empire employed a policy of divide and rule to
maintain control over the Indian subcontinent. The annulment
of the partition of Bengal allowed them to appear various
communities and prevent a united front against British rule.

In conclusion, the annulment of the partition of Bengal by

the British Empire had profound implications for the All India
Muslim League. Their goals strengthened by highlighting the
necessity for separate representation and protection of Muslim
interests. The annulment also contributed to the consolidation
of Muslim identity and the growth of the League as a political
force advocating for the rights of Muslims in the subcontinent.