Hubs

A hub is a physical layer networking device which is used to connect multiple devices in a
network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN.
A switch connects devices such as a desktop, laptop, and access point to the
router. An access point connects a device wirelessly. Sometimes modem, router,
switch, and access point come all bundled in one device.

However, when a data frame arrives at any port of a network switch, it examines the destination
address and sends the frame to the corresponding device(s). Thus, it supports both unicast and
multicast communications.

Hub Switch

They operate in the physical layer of the OSI model. They operate in the data link layer of
the OSI model.

It is a non-intelligent network device that sends It is an intelligent network device

message to all ports. that sends message to selected
destination ports.

It primarily broadcasts messages. It is supports unicast, multicast and

broadcast.

Transmission mode is half duplex. Transmission mode is full duplex.

Collisions may occurs during setup of transmission Collisions do not occur since the
when more than one computers place data communication is full duplex.
simultaneously in the corresponding ports.

They are passive devices, they don’t have any They are active devices, equipped
software associated with it. with network software.

They generally have fewer ports of 4/12. The number of ports is higher –
24/48.
Switches are mostly used in large computer networks connecting many
computers within a single local area network (LAN).  Depending on the size of
a network,  multiple switches may be required to connect different groups of
computer networks.
To provide Internet access to the connected networks, switches are further
connected to a router. The router has the advantage of getting internet access
by using a single modem for all the devices in the network.
The router also supports a fast rate of data transmission because it uses high STM
links for connectivity. Depending on the use, routers are of different types such
as Wireless Router, Brouter, Core router, Edge router, and Broadband router.

Access Point
The access point is a device within the LAN and is used for extending the
wireless coverage of a computer network. This can increase the number of users
that can connect to a computer network.

An access point  is a device that creates a wireless local area network, or WLAN, usually in an
office or large building. An access point connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet
cable, and projects a WiFi signal to a designated area. For example, if you want to enable WiFi
access in your company's reception area but don’t have a router within range, you can install an
access point near the front desk and run an Ethernet cable through the ceiling back to the server
room.

Access point device transforms the wired signal into a wireless and establishing
connection with other devices in the network using WiFi.Sometimes, wireless
routers can be used as access points. 
Cables

T-568A Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

T-568B Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

using Unshielded Twisted Pair cable and RJ-45 connectors for Ethernet connectivity. 

 If you require a cable to connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or
when you connect two hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.
Ethernet Cable Tips:
 A straight-thru cable has identical ends.
 A crossover cable has different ends.
 A straight-thru is used as a patch cord in Ethernet connections.
 A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices without a hub or for
connecting two hubs.
 A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires switched with the Green
set.
 Odd numbered pins are always striped, even numbered pins are always solid
colored.
 Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from you, Brown is always on the
right, and pin 1 is on the left.
 No more than 1/2″ of the Ethernet cable should be untwisted otherwise it will be
susceptible to crosstalk.
 Do not deform, do not bend, do not stretch, do not staple, do not run parallel
with power cables, and do not run Ethernet cables near noise inducing
components.