Department of Public

Administration

Assignment # 2

“Family and Domestic Violence during Covid”

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Paper Title Navigating risk and protective factors for family violence during and after the
COVID-19 ‘perfect storm’
Author Caroline Spiranovic , Nina Hudson , Romy Winter , Sonya Stanford , Kimberley
Norris , Isabelle Bartkowiak-Theron & Kate Cashman
Journal Name Current Issues in Criminal Justice

Year, Volume, 2020,1-14.

Issue , Page No,
Major Theme The articles based on the risk and protective factors for family violence during and
after the COVID-19 is examined and proposed strategies for F.V
Major Points  During pandemic economic stress is being experienced from several months,
due to this stress rate of family violence is increased.
 In Australia, the most recent victimization survey (ABS, 2017) indicated that
almost one in five women (17%) and approximately one in 20 men (6%) had
been subjected to different violence, , since the age of 15.
 Australian evidence provides support for the proposition that the COVID19
pandemic is linked to a rise in FV.
 In examination of research connecting pandemics with increased VAW/C and
of predictors of risk of FV
 New strategies are also explored to reducing risk of violence.
Comments or The psychological issues can be resolve by some effective strategies and policies for
Questions lockdown in covid-19.
Paper Title Violence against Jordanian Women during COVID-19 Outbreak
Author Sawsan Abuhammad
Journal Name WILEY
Year, Volume, 2021; 75:e13824. 1-7
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme The incidence of violence was once excessive at some stage in the outbreak of 40%
and the predictors have been located to be unemployed and married in Jordan.
Major Points  The aims of the learn about are to decide the occurrence price of violence
amongst female in Jordan and pick out feasible predictors of violence amongst
female
 The predictors of violence in opposition to female during
 COVID-19 has been observed to be unemployed and married.
 Education packages for fitness that ambitions to promote the prevention of
COVID-19 violence and assist Jordanian
People to be assured and study the proper behavior.
 Violence continues to be a vast social hassle in our society today, yet, continues
to be poorly understood. The underlying causes
and theories of violence are frequently now not agreed upon through specialists in
the field, solely contributing to this ever-growing country wide fitness problem
Question/ Jordanian Government should be observed the violence and provide different services,
Comments which are useful for their mental, and could resolve their psychological issues.
Paper Title Psychological distress, anxiety, Family violence, suicidality, wellbeing in New
Zealand during Covid -19 lockdown: a cross –sectional study
Author Every-Palmer, S., Jenkins, M., Gendall, P., Hoek, J., Beaglehole, B., Bell, C., ...
& Stanley, J.
Journal Name PLOS ONE
Year, Volume, 2020, 15(11), e0241658.
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme Measurement of negative factors and positive effects during lockdown due to
covid-19 in New Zealand
Major Points  New Zealand is critical for having executed tough limitations right off
the bat in the COVID-19 pandemic, and for killing the infection from its
overall people among May and August 2020
 A vast percentage of the populace used to be adversely affected with the
aid of the lockdown
 •A survey is conducted in which got the results about Psychological
distress (47.3% of 18–24-year-olds and one to ten age of 65 and above),
Anxiety and well-being and low wellbeing, 38.2% Psychological
distress in those with past histories of mental illness 80.2%, Suicidal
thoughts and behavior 83.0%, Alcohol intake increased consumptions
with and silver lining with 62%.
Question/ Comments As according to the article need to pay more attention on psychological issues
and problems government must start their services according to the population’s
problems or in case of shortage of funds government can start seminars and
small workshops for their people.

Paper Title Increased Risk for Family Violence During the

COVID-19 Pandemic
Author Pediatrics (Official Journal of American Academy of Pediatrics)
Journal Name Kathryn L. Humphreys, Myo Thwin Myint and Charles H. Zeanah
Year, Volume, 2020, 146 (1) e20200982
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme The increasing rate of violence due to stress, anxiety, and anger during
crises of a pandemic
Major Points  Reports of violence are increased during pandemic.
 Increase risk for child exposure to family violence during period of
crises.
 Anger and stress that have an effect on the family, for conversation,
screening, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and providing realistic
assets such as published by means of American Children's Academy
and National Child Traumatic Stress Networks Warrant.
Question/ How stress, anxiety, and frustration can be reduced in pandemic?
Comments

Paper Title The Hidden Pandemic of Family Violence During COVID-19: Unsupervised
Learning of Tweets supervised Learning of Tweets
Author Jia Xue, Junxiang Chen , Chen Chen , Ran Hu , MA, MSW; Tingshao Zhu ,
Journal Name JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
Year, Volume, 2020, 22,11, pg. 1-10, e2436
Issue ,Page
No:
Major Theme Major theme of this paper is to provide analysis of family violence during Covid
19 pandemic through tweets.
Major Points  Children and women are more affected from violence during this
pandemic.
 The purpose of this paper is providing large-scale analysis of family
violence during pandemic.
 Types of violence are given in this paper
 Different types of active social services for family violence
 Tweeter can be used as platform for preventing from violence and social
awareness and programs for violence.
Question/ Is tweeter provides such a platform in which awareness programs of family and
Comments domestic violence can reach all the target groups?

Paper Title Improving prevention of family violence during (and after) disaster:
Lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic
Author Andrew M. Campbell
Journal Name Forensic Science International
Year, Volume, 2021,100179 , Report 3
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme During a pandemic, increasing reports of domestic violence in different
manners, due to stress and anxiety during the lockdown. The suggestions of
some additional action to reduce the risk of family violence.
Major Points  Repots received by police and other relevant departments of
different types of violence on women, children, and pets from
January to August with comparison of 2019.
  Victims do not call or report against their abusers due to present on
the spot.
 Change rate in receiving reports of violence, and reports of violence
involving weapons.

Question/ Is victim will report free in the presence of her/his abuser against him?
Comments We must encourage those actions, which are being taken against family
violence.

Paper Title Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic - Evidence from a
systematic review and meta-analysis
Author Alex R. Piquero, Wesley G. Jennings, Erin Jemison, Catherine Kaukinen,
Felicia Marie Knaul
Journal Name Journal of Criminal Justice
Year, Volume, (2021), 74, 101806
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme Domestic violence is exposed during Covid -19 pandemic the study
provides evidence from systemic review and meta- analysis.
Major Points  During Covid -19 pandemic the stay-at-home orders as properly as
The monetary effect of the pandemic heightened the elements that tend
to be related with home violence: accelerated male unemployment, the
stress of childcare and homeschooling, expanded monetary insecurity,
and maladaptive coping strategies.
Question/ This pandemic increases rates of domestic violence, which is alarming for
Comments the government; this is resistance to the development of nations.

Paper Title Family violence against children in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic:

a review of current perspectives and risk factors
Author Noemi Pereda, Diego A. Díaz-Fae
Journal Name Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
Year, Volume, 2020, Vol 14 num: 40 Pg. No: 1-7
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme Risk factor of family violence against children is one of the major
challenges during pandemic, due to stress, fear of economic instability and
virus.
Major Points  This study focus on the increasing risk of family violence against
children during Covid-19, estimated number of child violence
between 133 million and 275 million are exposed every year.
  According to the criminological theories and societal model, has
sought to explain the risk of violence during dealing with pandemic.
 Children and family victim’s services must be prepared in every
condition including pandemic or after pandemic.
Question/ Comments If it would be the same condition of violence against children in the future
then it could be harmful to the better future of a nation and economic
growth because if there is being violence on a new generation, its impacts
will be very dangerous for their future, their family, and contribution in
development of their nation.

Paper Title Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What
is the role of psychiatry?
Author Gautam Gulati, Brendan D. Kelly
Journal Name International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
Year, Volume, 71 (2020) 101594
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme Psychiatric offerings can play a key function in addressing the FV by
(a) addressing positive threat elements for perpetration of home violence
(b) imparting support, advocacy and remedy offerings for victims of home
violence; and (c) multi-agency working to beef up clinical and social
responses to home violence.
Major Points  In the paper the discussion about mental illness leads to domestic
violence and there is a link between violence and mental disorder.
 The persisted provision and growth of psychiatric offerings have
imperative function to play in addressing the improved quotes of
home violence related to the COVID-19 pandemic
Question/ Are psychiatric services would be enough to treat mental health issues?
Comments
 Paper Title Predictors of family violence through the COVID-19 pandemic:
Structural equation modeling
Author Dina E. Abdel Rahman
Journal Name WILEY
Year, Volume, 2021, 10.1002/pa.2626
Issue ,Page No:
Major Theme This study Investigate the spread of family violence and detect the predictors of
it with the applied advanced statistical procedure, structural equation modeling
(SEM).
Major Points  In this paper motives of FV, and Violence in the family through
COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has been discussed
 Types of violence are in which physical violence, sexual violence,
psychological violence is mentioned.
 Family violence is discussed through different explanation theories of
Family Violence.
 In current study, a vast share of the based on the cutting-edge find out
about results, counseling applications to reduce
Family violence and psychotherapy packages to limit family violence’s
unfavorable consequences on one’s family have to be planned.
Question/ Campaigns against domestic violence must be started and create awareness
Comments through social media.

Essay on Domestic and Family violence during Pandemic

Introduction

Violence has different types such as emotional, psychological violence, financial abuse and
domestic violence etc. During Covid 19 lockdown, policies were implemented for preventing
this virus; People from different areas of the world came into large stress, anxiety, and frustration
due to ending their jobs, people who live with domestic violence having no option to escape
from their abusers. Thousands of reports of domestic violence including child maltreatment,
women from their partners, and other violence received relevant departments all around the
world. The rate of violence increase from 40 to 50 %.

Significance

The impacts of lockdown during pandemic Covid -19 are worst in accordance to family violence
on people around the world. People are facing several psychological and mental issues in
lockdown. These psychological leads towards violent behaviors. The result in increases reports
of domestic violence has been seen in period of lockdown. The violence affected on both victim
and other members.

As lockdown has, started and domestic violence also flourished during pandemic. All around the
calls for services from preventing violence were being received to the police departments and
other relevant departments. This pandemic has huge impact on every person in different
manners, every field of life affected due to this pandemic. The government and countries were
facing not only economic crises but also facing challenges on their public issues such as health
issues, psychological issues etc. Now government has to intervene in public‘s matter for their
safety and needs.

Most domestics and family violence helplines and shelter received during lockdown large
numbers of call more than normal situation. In Argentina, Canada, America, France, Germany,
Spain, the United Kingdom government authorities, and human rights foundations estimated
20% increases in violence. In china there is NGO is dedicated to combating violence against
women. On its helplines, more calls were received since February when government has started
to implement the policy of lockdown in China. In Spain, the emergency section for domestic
violence received 18 percent more calls in the starting of lockdown for two weeks than in the
same period a month earlier. The New York Times contacted and interviewed through Whatsapp
those women who were stuck at their homes and with their abuser husbands and facing physical
violence in Spain with the help of women association.

Before this pandemic, but 40 percent of the women who experienced violence sought the help of
any sort. Now, quarantine and movement restrictions further serve to isolate many women
trapped with their abusers from friends, families, and other support networks. In addition, the
closure of non-essential businesses means work does not provide respite for several survivors
and heightened economic insecurity makes it harder for them to go away. For those people who
can or do manage to succeed in out, overstretched health, NGOs, social, police services and
judicial services are struggling to reply as resources are diverted to affect the pandemic.

At last, all the world is facing big challenges especially governments so for preventing domestic
violence against children, women, and another family member could be reduced through proper
campaigns, training sessions for the psychological issues, mental disorders, government and
other organizations active for human rights must start those programs such as training programs
and counseling services for their psychological problems.
References for Essay

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/mar/28/lockdowns-world-rise-domestic-violence
Retrieved 30-04-2021

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/world/coronavirus-domestic-violence.html Retrieved 30-

04-2021

https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/in-focus-gender-equality-in-covid-19-response/
violence-against-women-during-covid-19 Retrieved 1-04-2021

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women Retrieved 29-04-

2021