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Student’s Book Answer Key

3A Live your age

1 READING & SPEAKING scanning for information

c 1 69 2 31 3 28 4 40 5 17 6 50

d 1 researchers in Canada: The best academic papers are written after people have been in a job for
12 years.
2 a study at the London School of Economics: People are happiest at the age of 69, with another
peak when they’re 23; the unhappiest people are those between 45 and 54.
3 The US National Bureau of Economic Research: Most Nobel Prize winners did their prize-
winning work when they were 40, also true of people with normal jobs.
4 Edmund King: 17-year-olds are more open to learning new things than 26-year-olds.
5 John Brewer: To run a marathon, you need strength, speed, and endurance and the experience
of managing a long run.
6 John Mirowsky: Having a baby at 29/30 correlates with women who are fitter later in life;
having a baby at 34 correlates with women who have less pain / disease; the average age is
therefore 31.
7 Meik Wiking: Happiness over your lifetime looks like a U-curve; when we’re older, we’re
better at choosing what will make us happy.
8 Professor Stuart-Hamilton: Doing maths in your head – people of 50 learned mental arithmetic
at school, which explains why they are the best at it.

2 VOCABULARY research language

a 1 peaks 2 declines 3 analysing 4 revealed 5 increase

b 1 rise = go up; peak = reach the highest point

2 decline = become smaller or weaker; decrease = become or make sth smaller in size or number
3 examine = consider or study sth very carefully or look at sth closely; analyse = study the nature
or structure of sth, especially by separating it into parts, in order to understand or explain it
4 show = to make sth clear to sb; reveal = to make sth known to sb which was previously unknown
5 increase = become greater in amount, number, or value; accelerate = get faster
6 conclude = to decide or believe sth as a result of what you’ve heard or seen; prove = to show that
sth is true
7 prioritize = to put tasks, problems, etc., in order of importance so that you can deal with the most
important first; rank = put things on a scale of importance
8 claim = say sth is true, although it hasn’t been proven; state = formally write or say sth

d 1 prioritize 2 revealed / showed 3 claims 4 decreased 5 concluded / shown / revealed / proved

6 peaked 7 rise / increase 8 analyse
Verbs Sts should have circled
rise, peak, decline, decrease, increase, rank, claim
Noun forms of the other verbs
examination, analysis, showing, revelation, acceleration, conclusion, proof, priority, statement

3 PRONUNCIATION verb / noun word stress

b 1 (verb) decrease 2 (noun) decrease

d In the following words, the stress in the noun form is different from the verb form (it changes
to the first syllable): increase, survey, produce, record, conflict, protest, update, contract, extract

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4 LISTENING & WRITING making decisions about what to note down

and what to omit
b Marley Dias: She campaigned to promote including black girls as main characters in books.
Rishab Jain: He developed software to help doctors improve cancer treatment.
Millie Bobby Brown: She was an ambassador for UNICEF and for UEFA’s campaign to promote
women’s football.
Melati and Isabel Wijsen: They organized a campaign to reduce the use of plastic.

d See script 3.4

5 GRAMMAR determiners: articles and quantifiers

b 1 some 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 – 7 – 8 a 9 – 10 the 11 – 12 – 13 the 14 – 15 – 16 – 17
the 18 a

Grammar Bank 3A

a (Sts should cross out these words)

1 Spanish: For nationalities ending -ish, we don’t use an article.
2 money: Money is not a unique phenomenon, global institution, or invention.
3 supermarket: For a singular noun like supermarket, we use an article or another determiner.
4 St James’s Park: With a specific place name, we don’t normally use an article.
5 breakfast: We don’t use an article for meals when used without an adjective.
6 birds: For a generalization with a plural noun, we don’t use an article.
7 station: Station is not one of the group of places we use without an article in a non-specific
sense.

b My grandfather became a successful doctor, but life was not always easy for him. He was born in
the Great Depression of the 1930s, and his father struggled to earn enough money to support his
many children. The Unemployment was a big problem at that time, and the few jobs that were
available were badly paid. His father had to take any job he could find, and the little money he
earned went on food and basic necessities, so that there was any no money left over for books or
school uniforms. However, my grandfather was a bright student, and he and his best friend Joe
Perkins studied so hard that they were both awarded scholarships to study medicine at the
university. My grandfather did his degree in London and Joe studied abroad, and they lost touch.
After graduating, my grandfather spent more three three more years doing a doctorate. He
funded himself – he told me he took some part-time job in a café, I think – and spent other every
every other weekend cleaning people’s houses, so there wasn’t a great deal of time to study.
Eventually, he got his doctorate and found a job in a London hospital. He worked there for
several more years. One day, as he was preparing to go home, his secretary said, ‘There’s the a
Joe Perkins to see you’. It was his old childhood friend, who was now working as a surgeon in
London. It made my grandfather so happy to see that they had both succeeded in their careers,
despite the huge amount number of obstacles they had had to overcome. My grandfather has
taught me that the success in life is down to hard work and determination.

6 PRONUNCIATION stressed and unstressed articles

a a, the, and some: The vowel sound is /ə/ and they are unstressed.
The can also be pronounced /ðiː/ when the next word begins with a vowel sound, e.g. the end.

b A Are you having a holiday this summer?

B Yes, we’ve got some time off in July, so we’re going to the Lake District.

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A Don’t you usually go abroad?

B Yes, but we’ve decided to stay in the UK and rent a cottage. We’re trying to cut down on air
travel, you know, to save the planet. We’re big fans of Greta…

c Conversation 1 The speaker wants to explain that although she found something to wear, it wasn’t
her ideal choice.
a is stressed to mean that it was a possible option, but not the perfect one a is pronounced /ei/.
Conversation 2 The speaker wants to explain that the person she met was her ideal choice.
the is stressed to mean that he was the only or perfect one.
the is pronounced /ðiː/.

d Conversation 1 It’s stressed before a proper name, to mean ‘the famous…’.

Conversation 2 It’s stressed because the person is trying to think of the next word.

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3B In love with Shakespeare

1 SPEAKING
b 1 Probably true 2 Probably true 3 Definitely false 4 Probably false 5 Definitely false 6
Definitely true 7 Definitely false 8 Definitely true 9 Probably true

2 READING & LISTENING interpreting a character in literature

a 1 political ambition
2 to murder the King of Scotland, in order to become king himself
3 She’s in her castle, sleepwalking.

b A 2 The gentlewoman explains to the doctor what Lady Macbeth has been doing when she is
sleepwalking.
B 5 Lady Macbeth talks to herself as she tries to wash away the imaginary blood on her hands.
C 1 The doctor asks about Lady Macbeth’s strange behaviour.
D 4 The gentlewoman and the doctor watch Lady Macbeth rubbing her hands.
E 7 The doctor and the gentlewoman leave.
F 3 They see Lady Macbeth appear, carrying a candle.
G 6 The doctor realizes that Lady Macbeth has a terrible secret.

c 1 see 2 take out 3 disturbed sleep 4 it’s absolutely right 5 look 6 listen 7 afraid 8 deeply
troubled 9 outside my knowledge 10 evil rumours 11 confused

3 VOCABULARY idioms from Shakespeare

a You cannot change things that have already happened.

Vocabulary Bank idioms from Shakespeare

1 NOUN PHRASES
b 1 B The be-all and end-all means the most important thing.
2 F In one fell swoop means all at once, in one go.
3 D A sorry sight means in a bad state, a mess.
4 A Elbow room means space to move.
5 C A wild goose chase means a useless search for something.
6 E Good riddance means I’m so glad they’ve gone.
7 G His own flesh and blood means family.

2 VERB PHRASES
b 1 come full circle = to return to the situation in which you started, after a series of events or
experiences
2 eat sb out of house and home (informal and is often used humorously) = to eat a lot of sb else’s
food
3 wear your heart on your sleeve = to allow your feelings to be seen by other people
4 be cruel to be kind = make sb suffer because it will be good for them later
5 lie low (informal) = to try not to attract attention to yourself
6 send sb packing (informal) = to tell sb firmly or rudely to go away
7 break the ice = to say or do sth that makes people feel more relaxed, especially at the beginning
of a meeting, party, etc.
8 not sleep a wink = to not be able to sleep

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9 vanish into thin air = to disappear suddenly in a mysterious way

3 EXPRESSIONS
c 1 D Neither here nor there means irrelevant, unimportant.
2 B Too much of a good thing means more than you need of something, even when it’s
something you like.
3 H Mum’s the word means don’t say anything to anyone.
4 A The world’s your oyster means you can achieve anything or go anywhere.
5 E Had me in stitches means made me laugh.
6 C Come what may means whatever happens.
7 F In a pickle means in a difficult situation.
8 G In my heart of hearts means deep down.

4 GRAMMAR word order

a 1 positive 2 negative 3 positive 4 negative 5 slightly negative

b 1 I have rarely seen Juliet played more sensitively.

2 I just couldn’t make myself like such a modern production of King Lear, although I tried
very hard.
3 The extraordinary costume design is what sets this production of The Tempest apart.
4 The plot of Cymbeline is so complex that it’s impossible to remember who’s doing what and
why.
5 The pace doesn’t really begin to pick up until Act 2 of Hamlet.
The effect of changing the word order is to make the sentences less emphatic.

Grammar Bank 3B

a 1 had we left, it started 2 will you discover 3 was my astonishment 4 did she arrive, she also
forgot 5 everybody agreed, would I accept 6 lived 7 really meant
b 1 Under no circumstances should this door be opened.
2 Little did he know what was going to happen.
3 Much as I would like to take a holiday, I can’t afford it right now.
4 Standing on the doorstep was a complete stranger.
5 Hard though we tried to persuade her, she refused to change her mind.
6 So engrossed were we in the film that we didn’t notice the time.
7 It was only Mark who / that thought it was a good idea.
8 Out of the hole scampered a tiny mouse.
9 What Anna recommended was to visit the castle / that I / we, etc. visit the castle.
10 Included in the price are five nights’ accommodation, all meals, and guided tours.
11 No sooner had she recovered from her cold than she went down with measles.

5 PRONUNCIATION reading aloud

a The poet is imagining Shakespeare as a boy at school, behaving badly and annoying the teacher.

b Forty boys on benches with their quills, /

Six days a week through almost all the year /
Long hours of Latin with relentless drills
And repetition, / all enforced by fear. /
I picture Shakespeare sitting near the back, /
Indulging in a risky bit of fun
By exercising his prodigious knack
Of thinking up an idiotic pun, /

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And whispering his gem to other boys, /

Some of whom could not suppress their mirth – /
Behaviour that unfailingly annoys
Any teacher anywhere on earth. /
The fun was over when the master spoke: /
Will Shakespeare, / come up here and share the joke.

6 LISTENING following extended speech on abstract and complex topics

a The film in A was a 2010 American production in which the male role of the sorcerer Prospero is
changed to Prospera, played by Mirren. The film won an Academy Award nomination for Best
Costume Design. The play in B was a classic 1998 production at the National Theatre in London,
with actor Alan Rickman (Professor Snape in the Harry Potter films) as Mark Anthony.

c b Helen Mirren thinks that it’s a waste of time for children to read Shakespeare plays at school,
because Shakespeare is supposed to be performed; they should watch his plays or see film
adaptations.
c Diane is positive about both.

e 1T
2 F (Even though some students think Shakespeare is boring and irrelevant, many others say that
they really enjoy reading and studying Shakespeare.)
3 F (She says, ’We didn’t act any of it out.’)
4T
5T
6 F (Her students really enjoyed it.)
7 F (She doesn’t like saying that anything is a waste of time. However, she does think that
Shakespeare needs to be brought alive by more than just reading it.)

f Women playing male roles and vice versa

To perform it

g 1 women playing male roles (or vice versa)

2 doing gender-blind casting because it’s trendy
3 Referring to men playing women’s roles – why allow men to take strong roles away from
women when there aren’t that many anyway?
4 This is the main character in one of her plays, Poppy and George, which is an example of how
she feels about gender-swapping in her own plays.
5 She has had problems with certain productions, when she thought the actor wasn’t right for the
role.

7 WRITING a review
ANALYSING A MODEL TEXT
b 1 Paragraph 1: themes, direction
Paragraph 2: plot
Paragraph 3: set, sound, themes
Paragraph 4: acting, cast
Paragraph 5: themes, emotional impact
2 Paragraph 1
Historical context (The Kindertransport was an organized initiative to evacuate predominantly
Jewish children from Nazi-occupied Germany just before the outbreak of World War Two.)
The name of the author (Diane Samuels) and the director (Fiona Buffini)
Where the play is currently being performed (Nottingham Playhouse)

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Paragraph 2
Key details of the story (The play tells the story of Eva, a German refugee child who is placed
with a foster family in England; she adopts the English name Evelyn; she rejects her birth mother
who has come to take her home.)
Paragraph 3
Brief description of the set design (The versatile set design, with its mountain of jumble)
Paragraph 4
Key cast members (Cate Hamer plays Evelyn. Jenny Walser plays Eva, Denise Black plays the
foster mother).
3 The play is timely: ‘in the context of today’s refugee crisis which again sees anguished parents
sending their children out into unknown futures.’
Eva’s evolving identity crisis is emotional: ‘in her adopting of the English name Evelyn, and
above all…her heartbreaking rejection of her birth mother, who has come to take her home.’
The set echoes the theme of fractured identity: ‘its mountain of jumble that evokes abandoned
possessions.’
There is a weakness in the production: ‘the acting occasionally descends into a shouting
match.’
The performances are assured and convincing: ‘Jenny Walser brings vulnerability to the role
of young Eva, while Denise Black gives a rounded performance… Cate Hamer in particular is
compelling as the older Evelyn.’
The play raises important questions: ‘How can I come to terms with my past? Who am I? Who
can I be?’
4 Probably four stars. All the comments are positive apart from one: ‘If there is a weakness in the
production, it is that the acting occasionally descends into a shouting match.’ (para 4).

c predominantly the present simple, some present perfect in the plot

Generalizing: overall
Emphasis: above all, in particular, ultimately

USEFUL LANGUAGE
d 2 D 3 H 4 J 5 E 6 C 7 L 8 F 9 G 10 K 11 A 12 B

8 THE CONVERSATION
a They agree that the most important thing is to get children reading, and when and how the classics
are introduced is also very important.

b 1 Emma thinks that the most important thing is to get children into reading.
She thinks that before reading classics they should read young adult books.
2 Joanne agrees that for a child who struggles with reading, Shakespeare might be really hard,
which might put them off reading.
3 Sean explains how when he was 14 or 15, he thought reading Shakespeare was useless.
However, when he was 16, he found it quite interesting.
4 Emma thinks that young people might relate more to Shakespeare if the teacher focused on the
language he created which is still in use.
5 Emma didn‘t enjoy a Jane Austen book recently because the dialogues were very long and the
characters were obsessed with marriage.

d 1 kind of think 2 So perhaps 3 I mean, arguably 4 it’s all about 5 hang on 6 That’s the thing
7 I guess it’s

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3 Revise and Check

USE OF ENGLISH

a 2 such 3 no 4 Much 5 a 6 only 7 but 8 the 9 unless / until 10 under 11 come 12 end

b 2 has been claimed 3 vanished into thin air 4 No sooner had they started 5 have begun to
accelerate 6 have / ’ve come full circle

READING

1C 2B 3A 4D 5B 6D

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