Name:

Nahdatul Fikra M.Mas'ud

Class:

6A

Npm:

03062011041

UTS

1. The Concept of Linguistics Research

The concept of linguistics research revolves around the systematic study and analysis of
language, aiming to understand its structure, usage, acquisition, evolution, and various
linguistic phenomena. Linguistics as a field encompasses several sub-disciplines such as
phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics,
psycholinguistics, and applied linguistics. Here are some key aspects of linguistics research:

1. Research Questions: Linguistic research begins with formulating specific questions or

hypotheses that aim to explore different aspects of language.

2. Data Collection: Researchers gather data from various sources like spoken or written texts
(corpora), interviews or surveys with native speakers or language learners.

3. Data Analysis: The collected data is systematically analyzed using appropriate methods
and tools based on the focus of the study. This can include quantitative techniques for
statistical analysis or qualitative approaches like discourse analysis.

4. Experimental Studies: In experimental studies within linguistics research (e.g.,

psycholinguistics), controlled experiments may be conducted to investigate cognitive
processes underlying language production and comprehension.
5. Fieldwork & Ethnography: Some linguistic research involves conducting fieldwork in
communities where languages are spoken to document endangered languages or analyze their
structure in their natural context.

6.Theoretical Frameworks: Linguistic theories provide frameworks for analyzing language

phenomena based on established principles such as generative grammar theory or
functionalist approaches.

7.Application-oriented Research : Applied linguistics focuses on practical applications of

linguistic knowledge in areas such as second language acquisition/teaching , translation
studies , computational linguistics etc

8.Interdisciplinary Approaches : Linguistic researchers often collaborate with experts from

other fields like psychology,cognitive science,sociology etc,to gain insights into broader
interdisciplinary perspectives related to human communication

9.Impact & Relevance : Findings from linguistic research contribute not only towards
advancing theoretical understanding but also have real-world implications in education,policy
making,natural language processing,language preservation etc.

Linguistics research plays a vital role in deepening our understanding of human language and
its diverse aspects. It helps shed light on the structure, function, and evolution of languages,
as well as their social and cultural dimensions.

2. Method for qualitative analysis of data

When conducting qualitative analysis of data, researchers typically follow a systematic

approach to interpret and derive meaning from the collected information. Here is a general
method for qualitative data analysis:

1. Data Preparation: Start by organizing and preparing your data for analysis. This may
involve transcribing interviews or discussions, compiling field notes, or categorizing relevant
documents.

2. Familiarization: Immerse yourself in the data to gain familiarity with its content. Read
through transcripts or notes multiple times to develop an understanding of the context and
nuances.
3. Coding: Begin coding your data by assigning labels or codes that capture key themes,
concepts, or patterns emerging from the text. This can be done using software tools like
NVivo or manually with highlighters/colored pens.

4. Categorization: Group related codes together into broader categories based on their
similarities or connections. These categories should reflect meaningful patterns within the
dataset.

5. Development of Themes: Identify overarching themes that encapsulate major ideas across
different categories. Look for recurring topics, concepts, or narratives that are significant in
answering your research questions.

6. Subthemes/Subcategories : Break down larger themes into subthemes/subcategories if

needed to further explore specific dimensions within them

7. Data Exploration : Continuously compare codes,categories & themes across different parts
of dataset,making sure you're capturing diverse perspectives and accounting for variations

8. Interpretation & Analysis : Analyze each category/theme in-depth by examining

relationships between various elements (codes) within it.Draw insights,discuss
implications,and support findings using relevant examples from raw data

9. Triangulation : Ensure credibility & reliability by comparing interpretations/findings with

other researchers/collaborators.Explore alternative explanations/challenges arising during
analysis process

10. Presentation of Findings : Present your findings in a coherent manner using appropriate
textual excerpts/quotations,supporting evidence,and clear explanations.Create visual aids like
diagrams/charts if necessary

It's important to note that qualitative analysis is iterative and recursive, meaning you may
need to revisit earlier stages as new insights emerge. Additionally, the specific approach or
methodology used for qualitative analysis can vary depending on the research design,
theoretical framework, and data collection methods employed.

3. Material as a data
When conducting qualitative research, the data can come in various forms, including
materials. Material data refers to any physical artifacts or objects that are used as sources of
information for analysis and interpretation. These materials can provide valuable insights into
different aspects of a research topic. Here are some examples of material data:

1. Documents: This includes written texts such as official documents, letters, diaries,
newspapers, books, reports, or any other textual material relevant to the research question.

2. Visual Media: Photographs, paintings, videos, films, advertisements or any visual

representations that capture cultural practices or historical events can serve as material data.

3. Artefacts: Objects like tools, clothing items, artworks,souvenirs etc., that hold cultural
significance or provide insights into specific contexts (e.g., archaeological findings) are
considered material data.

4. Architecture and Infrastructure: Buildings and urban landscapes may be studied as material
evidence reflecting social structures,cultural values,and historical development in
architectural studies/sociology

5.Audio Recordings : Audio recordings like interviews,focus group discussions,music

etc.,can be transcribed & analyzed as textual/linguistic/material source depending on
focus/context

6.Social Media Content : Analyzing posts,tweets,videos from platforms like

Facebook,Twitter,Youtube etc.provides access to large-scale digital ethnography/data
collection

Analyzing material data involves careful examination and interpretation of these sources
using established qualitative methods such as content analysis,critical discourse
analysis,multimodal analysis ,visual semiotics etc.The researcher needs to consider factors
such as provenance,reliability/authenticity,dating,preservation conditions while working with
them.

It's important to note that when analyzing material data,you might have to combine it with
other forms of qualitative inquiry(like interviews/focus groups)to gain a comprehensive
understanding.It is also crucial to follow ethical guidelines regarding consent/rights if
working with sensitive/personal/archival materials.
Overall, incorporating material data in qualitative research enriches the analysis by providing
tangible evidence and a deeper understanding of the topic under investigation.

4. Research Investigation as a work

Research investigation is a significant aspect of academic and scientific work. It involves the
systematic exploration, analysis, and interpretation of data to generate new knowledge or
contribute to existing knowledge in a particular field. Here are some key points about
research investigation as work:

1. Purpose: The primary purpose of research investigation is to address gaps in knowledge,

solve problems, or explore new ideas within a specific domain.

2. Research Questions: A research investigation begins with formulating clear and focused
research questions that guide the entire process. These questions help define the scope and
objectives of the study.

3. Methodology: Researchers employ various methodologies depending on their discipline

and nature of inquiry. This may include qualitative methods (interviews, observations),
quantitative methods (surveys, experiments), mixed-method approaches, or archival studies.

4. Data Collection: Researchers collect relevant data using appropriate techniques and tools
aligned with their methodology.This could involve
surveys,interviews/fieldwork ,experimental setups,data mining from existing datasets etc

5. Data Analysis: The collected data is analyzed using statistical software/tools for
quantitative studies or qualitative analysis techniques like thematic
coding,content/video/image analysis etc.The aim is to identify patterns,trends,and
relationships within the data that can answer the research questions.

6. Interpretation & Findings : Researchers interpret their findings based on robust evidence
derived from rigorous analysis.They draw conclusions,synthesize information,discuss
implications,and relate them back to existing theories/literature/frameworks

7. Contribution & Publication : Research investigations aim at contributing new

insights/knowledge to academia/science.Communicating findings through
publications(papers,journals) helps disseminate results among peers,research community,&
wider audience
8. Ethics & Integrity : Conducting ethical research by ensuring participant
confidentiality,informed consent,responsible use of resources/data etc.,is integral.Researchers
must adhere to ethical guidelines set by respective institutions/professional bodies

9. Time Management & Collaboration : Research investigations require effective time

management,planning,and organization.Researchers often collaborate with
peers,colleagues,or research teams to enhance productivity & gain diverse perspectives

10. Iterative Nature : Research investigations are iterative and may involve multiple cycles of
data collection,analysis,and refinement based on initial findings or feedback from
peers/advisors.

Research investigation is a demanding but rewarding process that requires critical thinking,
creativity, attention to detail, and perseverance. It contributes to the advancement of
knowledge and plays a crucial role in various fields including science, social
sciences,humanities etc.

5. English morphology research

English morphology research focuses on the study of the structure, formation, and meaning
of words in the English language. It involves analyzing how words are formed through
various morphological processes such as affixation, compounding, derivation, and inflection.
Here are some key aspects of English morphology research:

1. Word Formation Processes: Investigating how new words are created in English through
different morphological processes is a common area of study. This includes examining
prefixes (e.g., un-, dis-), suffixes (-able, -ness), root words, and combining forms.

2. Morpheme Analysis: Analyzing individual meaningful units within words known as

morphemes helps researchers understand their role in word formation and meaning. For
example, breaking down "unhappiness" into "un-" (a negating prefix), "happy" (the root
base), and "-ness" (a nominalizing suffix).

3. Productivity: Studying the productivity of certain morphological patterns or processes

involves investigating how productive they are in creating new words or forming variations
within existing ones.
4. Lexical Semantics: Exploring the relationship between word form and meaning is another
area of interest in English morphology research. This entails examining how specific
morphemes contribute to semantic changes or nuances in word meanings.

5. Compound Words : Researching compound word formation can involve studying different
types like endocentric compounds ("blackboard," where one element is central) or exocentric
compounds ("hotdog," where neither element dominates semantically).

6. Word Class Flexibility : Investigating derivational affixes' ability to change a word's

grammatical category (noun to verb; adjective to adverb) provides insights into lexical
flexibility.

7. Morphology Acquisition : Understanding how children acquire knowledge about word

structure during language development is an important aspect of English morphology
research.

8. Computational Linguistics: Applying computational methods for analyzing large corpora

allows researchers to identify patterns and tendencies in English word formation processes.

It's important to note that these topics merely scratch the surface of English morphology
research. Researchers in this field employ various theoretical frameworks, methodologies,
and data sources (e.g., corpora, experimental studies) to deepen our understanding of how
words are formed and used in the English language.