1 Grammar reference

be: affirmative be: questions and short

Full form Contracted form
answers
I am I’m • to make questions with be, we put the verb before
the subject
You are You’re
Are you Japanese? Is this your bag?
We are a teacher. We’re Mexican.
They are Spanish. They’re from Paris. • there are no contractions in the question form
He is from China. He’s Dutch. • we don’t use contractions in affirmative short
She is She’s answers, but we use contractions in negative short
answers
It is It’s
Are they in your class? Yes, they are. Yes, they’re.
• the verb be has two forms: full and contracted; Is he on the football team? No, he isn’t.
we normally use contracted forms after pronouns
• to make a contraction, we omit a letter from the verb Question Affirmative Negative
and mark the missing letter with an apostrophe (’) short answer short answer
Am I in this Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
• we use am after I; for the contracted form, we omit a-
class?
am ’m
Are you/we/ Yes, you/we/ No, you/we/
I’m 11. Yes, I am Mexican. they from they are. they aren’t.
• we use are after you (singular and plural), we and they; Australia?
for the contracted form, we omit a- Is he/she/it Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it
are ’re Chinese? isn’t.
You’re in this class. Jose and Miguel are from Seville.
They’re in the city center.
• we use is after he, she and it; for the contracted form
we omit i-
is ’s
He’s from Poland. Our teacher is in a meeting. The cat is
very old.

be: negative
• we form the negative of the verb be with not after
the verb
I’m not in this class.
He isn’t eleven.
We aren’t in Class 8A.
• notice the contracted form
I am I’m not
You are You aren’t (Also possible: You’re not)
We are We aren’t (We’re not)
They are They aren’t (They’re not)
He is He isn’t (He’s not)
She is She isn’t (She’s not)
It is It isn’t (It’s not)

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 Grammar practice 1
be: affirmative be: questions and short
1 Match 1–6 with a–f to make sentences. answers
1 Carole’s mother a is a very modern city. 5 Which question is correct, a or b?
2 My friend and I b ’re teachers. 1 a Are you from Argentina?
3 I c is from Canada. b You are from Argentina?
4 Dubai d ’s 12. 2 a Are she Martin’s sister?
5 They e are in the same class. b Is she Martin’s sister?
6 He f ’m on the basketball team. 3 a Is your Dad a doctor?
b Are your Dad a doctor?
2 Complete the sentences with the affirmative
form of be. Use contracted forms if possible. 4 a Are your parents at home?
1 This city is very old. b Are at home your parents?
2 Those dogs very ugly. 5 a Am I in your group.
3 My brother and I in a band. b Am I in your group?
4 You in Class 7C. 6 Match questions 1–6 with answers a–f.
5 She my English teacher. 1 Is your name Lara? b
6 My friend Altan 12. 2 Are you 12?
3 Are your parents from Chile?
be: negative 4 Is your sister married?
3 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form. 5 Are we good at English?
1 This is my bag. 6 Is Daniel your brother?
This isn’t my bag. a Yes, she is.
2 Micky and James are brothers. b No, it isn’t.
c Yes, he is.
3 I’m Spanish. d Yes, we are.
e No, they aren’t.
4 You’re in this class. f No, I’m not.

5 She’s our sports teacher. 7 Write complete questions and answers.

1 Detroit / a noisy / city ? (+)
6 Singapore is a dirty city. Is Detroit a noisy city?
Yes, it is.
2 Morocco / in Europe ? (–)
4 Correct the sentences with the information in
parentheses.
1 Athens is a modern city. (old) 3 your mother / Australian ? (+)
Athens isn’t a modern city. It’s an old city.
2 My sister and I are from Lisbon. (Porto)
4 Istanbul and Rio de Janeiro / capital cities ? (–)
3 Alaska and Siberia are hot places. (cold)

4 Machu Picchu is in Brazil. (Peru) 5 your parents / from the same country ? (+)

5 I’m from Birmingham. (Manchester)

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2 Grammar reference

have got: affirmative and Possessive ‘s

negative • we use an apostrophe (’) to show possession

Affirmative
• we use ’s with a singular noun
my sister’s husband
I/You/We/They ’ve got (have got) a car.
He/She/It ’s got (has got) a pet. • we normally write an apostrophe (without -s) after a
plural noun
Negative This is my grandparents’ house.
I/You/We/They haven’t got (have not got) a • with irregular plurals which don’t end in -s, we add ’s
computer. for possession
He/She/It hasn’t got (has not got) any the children’s mother
cousins.
have got: questions and short
Affirmative Negative
I’ve got a car. I haven’t got a computer.
answers
You’ve got a car. You haven’t got a computer. Questions Short answers
He’s got a car. He hasn’t got a computer. Have I/you/ Yes, I have.
She’s got a car. She hasn’t got a computer. we/they you
It’s got a car. It hasn’t got a computer. we
We’ve got a car. We haven’t got a computer. got a sister? No, they haven’t.
They’ve got a car. They haven’t got a computer. Has he/she/it Yes, he has.
she
• we use have got to talk about possession
No, it hasn’t.
• have got has two forms: full and contracted; we
normally use contracted forms after pronouns • to make questions with have got, we put the subject
I’ve got two brothers. between have/has and got
Jane and Freddy have got a house in France. Have we got English class today?
Has she got any hobbies?
• we use have got after I, you (singular and plural),
we and they; for the affirmative contracted form, • we don’t use contractions in affirmative short
we omit ha- answers, but we use contractions in negative short
have got ’ve got answers
We’ve got Mrs. Clark for English this year. Have you got a cat? Yes, I have.
Has it got a name? No, it hasn’t.
• for the negative contracted form, we omit the -o-
in not
have not got haven’t got
I haven’t got brown hair.
• we use has got after he, she and it; for the affirmative
contracted form, we omit ha-
has got ’s got
She’s got green eyes.
• for the negative contracted form, we omit the -o-
in not
has not got hasn’t got
He hasn’t got a pen.

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 Grammar practice 2
have got: affirmative and have got: questions and short
negative answers
1 Match a–b with 1–2 to make sentences. 5 Complete the questions with the missing
1 a Sarah 1 got a black pen. words.
b I haven’t 2 ’s got blue eyes. 1 Have I got a piano lesson this
2 a Our car 1 hasn’t got a radio. evening?
b My friends 2 haven’t got any money. 2 Have we football on Saturday?
3 a We have 1 has got a mustache. 3 your brother got a lot of
homework?
b Our teacher 2 n’t got English today.
4 your friends got a party this
2 Write complete sentences with have got. weekend?
1 Julia / a sister 5 you got time to meet today?
Julia’s got a sister. 6 Has the class an exam this
week?
2 We / a big car
6 Match short answers a–f with the questions in
3 The teacher / not / a key to the classroom exercise 5.
a No, he hasn’t.
4 I / not / a bicycle b Yes, you have. 1
c Yes, it has.
5 My city / not / an airport d No, I’m sorry, I haven’t.
e No, we haven’t.
f Yes, they have.
Possessive ’s
7 Correct the mistakes.
3 Choose the correct answer. 1 A: Has your school got a computer center?
1 mother is a doctor. B: No, it haven’t.
a Lauras b Laura’s c Lauras’ No, it hasn’t.
2 My phone isn’t blue; it’s black. 2 A: Has your grandmother got glasses?
a fathers b fathers’ c father’s B: Yes, have.
3 My are in a different class.
a friends b friend’s c friends’ 3 A: Have your grandfather got a beard?
4 Is that your car? B: No, he hasn’t.
a teacher b teachers c teacher’s
4 A: Have your parents got two cars?
4 Are the sentences correct or incorrect?
B: Yes, they’ve.
Correct the incorrect sentences.
1 George is Melanie son.
5 A: Has your sister and brother got any hobbies?
George is Melanie’s son.
B: Yes, they have.
2 That’s my mothers’ umbrella.

6 A: Have you got any books about robots?

3 This is my sister’s house.
B: No, we hasn’t.

4 It’s Silvias party tonight!

5 My cousin’s names are Archie and Bethany.

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3 Grammar reference

Countable and uncountable there is/are

nouns Affirmative Negative
• we can count some things There’s (There is) There isn’t a movie
Singular
• before singular countable nouns, we use a/an or the a hospital. theater.
number one There are some There aren’t any
a computer, an umbrella, one bag Plural students in the buses.
classroom.
• before plural countable nouns, we use a number
or some
Question Short answers
I have two pens and some books.
Is there a doctor Yes, there is./
• some things are uncountable; they don’t have Singular
here? No, there isn’t.
a plural Are there any Yes, there are./
Plural
• before uncountable nouns, we use some or nothing taxis? No, there aren’t.
They have pasta, water, some juice and some cheese.
• we use there is/there are to describe the things in
• some nouns are both countable (if an individual a place
thing) and uncountable (if a part of a big thing)
• we use there is before singular or uncountable nouns
I’d like an ice-cream. (= an individual one, only for me)
There’s a hotel near the station.
I’d like some ice cream. (= a portion, part of a bigger Is there any cheese?
quantity)
• we use there are before plural nouns

some, any, a lot of There are 25 students in my class.

• we use some with both countable nouns in the plural

and uncountable nouns
We have some apples and some bread.
• we use a lot of with both countable and uncountable
nouns to describe a big number or amount
My school has a lot of students.
He has a lot of money.
• we use any with negative sentences and questions
He doesn’t have any cousins.
Do you have any free time today?

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 Grammar practice 3
Countable and uncountable 4 Choose the correct option.
nouns Paolo: Do you have 1 some/any books to take
home?
1 Decide if the words are countable (C) or Librarian: Yes, we have 2 any/a lot of books you
uncountable (U). can take home.
1 coffee U Paolo: Do you have 3 some/any computers to
2 oil use here?
3 sandwich Librarian: Yes, we have 4 any/some computers in
the student study area.
4 nephew
Paolo: Do you have 5 any/a lot of books about
5 hair karate?
6 taxi Librarian: We don’t have 6 any/some books only
about karate, but we have 7 some/any
2 Complete the sentences with a, an or some. books about sports.
1 My sister has a boyfriend.
2 Oh, no. I don’t have umbrella! there is/are
3 I have emails to answer.
4 We have Australian boy in our 5 Complete the sentences with is or are.
class. 1 There are three computers.
5 Naomi has water. 2 There a restaurant.
6 It’s book about insects. 3 There some cafés.
4 There some bread.
some, any, a lot of 5 There an umbrella.
6 There a lot of potatoes.
3 Write sentences with have and some, any or a
lot of. 6 Complete the sentences with is, isn’t, are or
1 water (+++) aren’t. Use contractions where possible.
We have a lot of water. There 1 are a lot of students from other
2 money (+) countries in my class. There 2 two
boys from Romania and there 3
a girl from Panama. There 4 four
3 books (+++)
students from China. There 5
some students from South America, but there
4 pencils (0) 6 any people from the USA. There
7 a problem with language.
5 homework (+) Everyone speaks English.

6 exams (0)

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4 Grammar reference

Simple present: affirmative Simple present: Yes/No

• we use the simple present to talk about routine questions and short answers
actions and facts
• we use do to make Yes/No questions and short
• for I, you, we and they, the form is the same as the answers with I, you, we, they
base form Do you live here? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
I live in Monterrey. They get up at 7:00.
• we use does to make Yes/No questions and short
• for he, she and it, we add -s to most verbs answers with he, she, it
She lives in Monterrey. He gets up at 8:00. Does your friend play the guitar?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
Spelling: simple present third
person singular Simple present: Wh- questions
• most verbs add -s • we use a question word (Who, What, etc.) and do to
make Wh- questions with I, you, we, they
start it starts
What time do classes start?
• for verbs that end in -o, -ch, -sh and -x, add -es
go he goes
• we use a question word (Who, What, etc.) and does to
make Wh- questions with he, she, it
watch she watches
Where does your mother work?
• for verbs that end in consonant + -y, change to -ies
study he studies love/like/don’t like/hate +
• some verbs are irregular noun
have she has
Subject Object
Simple present: negative I me
• after I, you, we, and they, we form the negative with you you
don’t + verb he him
I don’t speak German. They don’t go to my school. she her
• after he, she and it, we form the negative with it it
doesn’t + verb we us
She doesn’t have lunch at school. they them
That cat doesn’t eat fish.
• we use pronouns with like, love, hate, etc. to describe
the object of an action
I love it! She hates them.

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 Grammar practice 4
Simple present: affirmative Simple present: Yes/No
1 Write the third person singular of the verbs. questions and short answers
1 write writes 5 play 5 Complete the dialogues with do, does, don’t,
2 read 6 copy doesn’t, like or likes.
3 finish 7 do 1 Ian:  Do you like Indian
4 have 8 drink food?
Ben: No, I .
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form 2 Jay:  your friend
of the verbs in parentheses. basketball?
1 Jan plays the guitar. (play) Kim: No, he . He
2 Misha and Sebastian judo. (do) tennis.
3 Clare Chinese. (study)
4 My grandmother in Warsaw. (live) Simple present: Wh- questions
5 The people in my class video
games. (love) 6 Write questions about the underlined
6 My best friend at my house on
information.
Fridays. (stay) 1 I live in Liverpool.
Where do you live?
Simple present: negative 2 She gets up at seven thirty.

3 Write complete negative sentences. 3 He has fruit for breakfast.

1 I / play / the piano
I don’t play the piano. 4 Their grandmother cooks their dinner.
2 Shari / listen / to the teacher
5 We go shopping at the supermarket.
3 My cousins / live / in Texas

4 We / speak / French love/like/don’t like/hate +

noun
4 Complete the text with the correct form 7 Choose the correct option.
of the verbs in parentheses.
1 Your parents are very nice – I like him/them.
3.75 million people 1 visit (visit / +) the
London Eye every year. The Eye is a very big wheel. 2 My piano teacher is very strict; he’s a good
It 2 (move / +) very slowly and it teacher, but I don’t like he/him.
3 (stop / –) all day. On the Eye, 3 This book is great – I love it/her.
visitors 4 (take / +) photos and 4 Tania is great – all the class like her/she.
they 5 (enjoy / +) the fantastic 5 We don’t like our music teacher and she doesn’t
views of London. The Eye 6 like we/us.
(open / –) at the same time all year: the opening
6 I like Freddy, but I don’t think he likes her/me.
hours 7 (change / +). This week,
it 8 (open / +) at 11:00 and
9 (close / +) at 6:00. It
10 (close / –) at lunchtime. Ticket
prices 11 (start / +) from $27.

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