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연습문제해답 (1 5장)
연습문제해답 (1 5장)
제 1장 연습문제
연습문제(1.1)
1.
(1) 1계 1차 상미분방정식 (2) 3계 1차 상미분방정식 (3) 2계 1차 편미분방정식
(4) 1계 1차 상미분방정식 (5) 4계 1차 상미분방정식 (6) 2계 1차 상미분방정식
(7) 4계 1차 상미분방정식 (8) 2계 1차 편미분방정식 (9) 6계 1차 상미분방정식
(10) 1계 6차 상미분방정식
2.
(1) 2계 선형미분방정식 (2) 1계 비선형미분방정식 (3) 2계 비선형미분방정식
(4) 3계 선형미분방정식 (5) 3계 비선형미분방정식 (6) 2계 비선형미분방정식
(7) 2계 선형미분방정식 (8) 3계 선형미분방정식 (9) 3계 비선형미분방정식
(10) 1계 비선형미분방정식
연습문제(1.2)
1. 증명문제
2. 증명문제
연습문제(1.3)
1.
(1) R ={ ( x,y) | y > 0}
(2) R ={ ( x,y) | x > 0, y > 0} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | x < 0, y < 0}
(3) R ={ ( x,y) | x > 0} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | x < 0}
(4) R = 평면전체
(5) R ={ ( x,y) | y < - 2} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | - 2 < y < 2} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | y > 2}
(6) R ={ ( x,y) | y < - 1} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | y > - 1}
(7) R ={ ( x,y) | x≠0, y≠0}
(8) R ={ ( x,y) | x > y} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | x < y}
(9) R = 평면전체
(10) R ={ ( x,y) | x > 1} 또는 R ={ ( x,y) | x < 1}
- 1 -
2.
(1) 두 개의 해 y = 0 과 y = x 3 이 존재함
(2) 두 개의 해 y = 0 과 y = x 2 이 존재함
3.
(1) 점 ( 1, 4) 에서 유일한 해를 갖는다.
(2) 점 ( 5, 3) 에서 유일한 해를 갖는다.
(3) (1) 점 ( 2, - 3) 에서 두 개 이상의 해를 갖는다.
(4) ( - 1, 1) 에서 해가 존재하지 않는다.
4.
(1) y = 3 e x - 1 e -x
(2) y = 1 ( e x - e 2-x
) (3) y = 5e - ( x + 1)
(4) y = 0
2 2 2
제 2장 연습문제
연습문제 (2.1)
1.
(7) ye y - e y+ e -x 1 - 3x
+ e =c
3
(8) y - 1 = tan -1
x+c (9) 1 2 1
y -y+ ln |y + 1| =- + c
y 2 x
(10) 2 1
= +c
2y + 3 4x + 5
(11) ln |Q - 70| = kt + c (12) ln |N| = (t - 1)e t+2
-t+c
(17) y + 2 ln |y - 1| = x + 5 ln |x - 3| + c (18) 1
ln | csc 2y - cot 2y| = sin x + c
2
(19) x (20)
y 2 +4 = sin -1
+c y+ 1 = c( x+ 1)
2
- 2 -
2. (1) (2) (3)
(4)
연습문제 (2.2)
1.
2.
4.
- 3 -
5.
연습문제 (2.3)
1.
2.
(a) , 에서 ≠ 이다.
(b) 이므로, 적분인자는 이다.
(c) 구하는 해는 이다.
3.
(a) , 에서
연습문제(2.4)
1.
(1) 에서 이다.
(2) 에서 이다.
(3) 에서 이다.
(4) 에서 이다.
2.
- 4 -
(5)
3. 에서 이
므로 0차형의 동차방정식이다.
연습문제(2.5)
1.
(1) (2)
(3)
2
(1) (2) (3)
(4)
3.
(1) (2) (3)
4.
6.
- 5 -
연습문제(2.6)
1.
(6) ∞ ∞
2.
3.
≤ ≤
≤≤
(1) (2)
≤
≤
(3) (4)
≥
≥
- 6 -
4.
제 3장 연습문제
연습문제 (3.1)
1.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
(7) (8) ⋅
2.
(1) (2) (3)
3.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
연습문제(3.2)
1.
(1) 선형종속 (2) 선형종속 (3) 선형독립 (4) 선형종속 (5) 선형종속 (6) 선형종속
(7) 선형종속 (8) 선형종속
2. 선형종속
- 7 -
연습문제(3.3)
연습문제(3.4)
1.
(1) y = c 1e - 6x
+c 2e
6x
(2) y = c 1e x + c 2 e 2x
(3) y = (c 1 + c 2 x)e 5x
(8) y = c 1 + c 2x+ c 3 e -x
(9) y = c 1 + c 2 e -x
+c 3e
x
(10) y = c 1 + c 2 e 3x
+ ( c 3e - 2x
+c 4e 2x
)e - x
2.
x
-
3 3
(
(1) y = c 1e x + c 2 cos
2
x + c 3 sin
2
x e ) 2
(2) y = c 1e - 2x
+c 2e 2x
+c 3e - 3x
x
7 7 -
(3) y = c 1e
2x
(
+ c 2 cos
2
x + c 3 sin
2
x e ) 2
(4) y = (c 1 + c 2 x+ c 3x 2 )e 2x
(5) y = (c 1 + c 2 x)e x + (c 3+ c 4 x)e -x
(6) y = c 1e 3x
+c 2e - 3x
+c 3 cos 2x+ c 4 sin 2x
x
-
(7) y = c 1 + c 2 x+ c 3e 2
+ (c 4 cos 2x + c 5 sin 2x)e
2x
(8) y = c 1 + c 2 e 5x
+c 3e -x
(9) y = c 1 + (c 2+ c 3 x)e x
(10) y = c 1 + c 2 e - 2x
+c 3e x
(11) y = c 1 (c 2 cos x + c 3 sin x)e 2x
x
3 3 -
(12) y = c 1 + c 2 x+ c 3 cos
( 2
x + c 4 sin
2
x e ) 2
3.
(3) y = 5 ( 1 - e 6x
)+
1
xe - 6x
36 6
- 8 -
(4) y = 0 (5) y = e -x
sin x (6) y =- 1 e -x
+
1
e 2x
+
1
e - 3x
6 15 10
4.
(1) y = e 5x
(1- x) (2) y = c sin 2x (3) y =- 2 cos x
(4) y = ( cos x - 2 sin x)e x
(5) y = cos 5
3x + sin 3x
3
연습문제(3.5)
1. 증명문제
2.
3.
4.
(1) y = c 1 + c 2 e -x 2
+ 2x - 4x (2) y = c 1 + (c 2- x)e -x
1 1 1
+(
2 )
(7) y =( c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x)e x
sin 2x - x cos x e - x
e cos 2x sin x x
4 4
(8) y = c 1 +(c 30 15
2 cos 2x + c 3 sin 2x) + cos 2x + sin 2x + 2
17 34
5.
(1) y = 3e - 3x
+ 2x (2) y = ( x - 3 )e x + e -x
-e - 3x
-2
4
- 9 -
연습문제(3.6)
1.
1 29
x 5x -
(1) y = c 1e 2
+c 2e 5
(2) y = ( c 1 + c 2 x)e -x
+ c 3+ 10x
(5) y = (c 5
1 cos x + c 2 sin x)e x + e 6x
53
(6) y = c 1e - 2x - 4x 3 - 2x 1 3
+c 2e + xe + x-
2 4 16
(13) ( c 1 + c 2 x+ c 3x 2 )e x + 1 x 3e x + x- 13
6
(14) y = ( c 1 + c 2 x)e x + c 3 x+ c 4 + 1 x 2 (e x + 1)
2
2.
(1) y = 5 ( e - 8x
+e 8x
)-
1 (2) y =- e -x
+
1 2
x -x+2
8 4 2
(3) y = 41 ( e 5x
-1)-
1
x 2+
9
x (4) y = 5 e - 6x
-
3 x
e +
5
e 2x
125 10 25 28 7 4
- 10 -
연습문제(3.7)
1,
(1) y 2 = e -x
(2) y 2 = cos 3x (3) y 2 = e - 5x
(4) y 2 = e - x/2
(5) y 2 = x 3
(6) y 2 = x 1/2
(7) y 2 = x cos ( ln x)
2.
(1) y 2 = e 2x 1 (2) y 2 = e -x
(3) y 2 = e 2x 5 3x
, y p =- , y p=x , y p= e
2 2
(4) y 2 = e 3x 1 4
, y p= x+
3 9
연습문제(3.8)
1.
π π
(1) y = c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x - cos x ∙ ln | sec x + tan x|, -
( 2
<x<
2 )
π π
(2) y = c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x + x cos x - sin x∙ ln | cos x| , -
( 2
<x<
2 )
π π
(3) y = c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x + sin x∙ ln | sec x + tan x| - 1,
(- 2
<x<
2 )
(4) y = c 1e x +c 2 e -x 1
+ sinh 2x, ( - ∞ < x < ∞)
3
(5) y = c 1e 3x - 3x 1 - 3x
+c 2e - x( 1 - 3x)e , ( - ∞ < x < ∞)
4
(6) y = c 1e x + c 2 xe x - 1 e x ln (1 + x 2 )+ xe x tan -1
x, ( - ∞ < x < ∞)
2
(9) y = (c 1 1
1 cos x + c 2 sin x)e x + cos x∙ e x ∙ ln | cos x| + x sin x∙e x
3 3
(10) y = (c 1 + c 2 x+ c 3 x 2 )e - 3x - 3x 15 - 3x
- 3e ln |x| + e
2
- 11 -
2.
(1) y = 3 e x/2
+
1
e - x/2
+
1 2
x e x/2
-
1
xe x/2
4 4 8 4
(2) y = 8 e x/2
+
1
e -x
- (x+ 2)
3 3
(3) y = 25 e 2x
+
4
e - 4x
-
1
e - 2x
+
1
e -x
36 9 4 9
(4) y = e 2x 4 3
(x - x - 2x+ 1)
3.
(1) y = c 1x - 1/2
cos x + c 2x - 1/2
sin x + x - 1/2
4.
(1) y = c 1 cos x + c 2 sin x + c 3 - ln | cos x| - sin x∙ ln | sec x + tan x|
(2) ∙
(3) y = c 1e x + c 2 xe x + 4x 2+ 16x+ 24
연습문제(3.9)
1.
(1) d 2y dy
x = e t 으로 치환하면, 주어진 식은 +8 - 20y = 0 이 된다.
dt 2 dt
그리고 구하는 해는 y = c 1x 2 + c 2 x - 10
이다.
(2) d 2y dy
x = e t 으로 치환하면, 주어진 식은 2 ±10 + 25y = 0 이 된다.
dt dt
그리고 구하는 해는 y = (c 1 + c 2 ln x)x 5 이다.
2
(3) d y dy
x = e 으로 치환하면, 주어진 식은 + 8y = e 2t 이 된다.
t
+9
dt 2 dt
그리고 구하는 해는 y = c 1 1 1
x 이다.
2
1 +c 2 +
x x8 30
2
(4) d y dy
x = e 으로 치환하면, 주어진 식은 + 6y = 2t 가 된다.
t
2 -5
dt dt
(5) d 2y dy
x = e t 으로 치환하면, 주어진 식은 2 -4 + 3y = 3e t+4 가 된다.
dt dt
- 12 -
그리고 구하는 해는 y = [ c 1 cos 3( ln x) + c 2 sin ( ln x)]x 2 + 3 x + 4 이다.
10 13
(6) d 3y d 2y dy
x = e t 으로 치환하면, 주어진 식은 3 -6 +11 - 6y = 3t + 3 이 된다.
dt dt 2 dt
2.
(9) (10)
3.
4.
연습문제(3.10)
1.
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
2.
(1)
(2)
- 13 -
3. 증명문제
4.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
제 4장 연습문제
연습문제(4.1)
1.
2.
3. 증명문제
4.
∞
(1)
⋅ ⋯ ⋅ ⋅
,
∞
⋅ ⋯ ⋅ ⋅
∞
(2) ,
∞
(3)
⋅⋅ ⋯ ⋅
,
- 14 -
∞
⋅⋅ ⋯ ⋅
(4) ⋯ ,
⋅ ⋅
(5) ⋯ ,
(6) ⋅ ⋅⋅ ⋯ ,
⋅ ⋅⋅ ⋅⋅⋅
5.
(1) ⋯
(2) ⋯
(3)
(4) ⋯
6.
(1)
⋯ ,
⋯
(2) ⋯ ,
⋯
연습문제(4.2)
1.
(1) 이 불확정특이점이다.
(2) 과 이 모두 확정특이점이다.
(3) ± 이 불확정특이점이다.
(4) 이 확정 특이점이고 은 불확정특이점이다.
(5) 이 불확정특이점이다.
(6) 이 확정특이점이고 는 불확정특이점이다.
(7) 와 이 모두 확정특이점이다.
(8) 이 확정특이점이다.
2.
(1) , 이고
- 15 -
⋯
⋅⋅ ⋅⋅⋅ ⋅
이다.
(3)
,
이고
⋅⋅ ⋅⋅⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅
이다.
(5)
,
이고
⋯ ⋯
⋅ ⋅
⋅ ⋅⋅
이다.
(7)
,
이고
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
⋯ ⋯
⋅ ⋅⋅
(9) , 이고
⋯
⋯
이다.
- 16 -
V
5*
×
¨
·
â
«£>»
o É
.
1â
V
¨·
â
«£>»
o Éø
.
£
] >»
o É
.
5!
1. (1) L[t5 ] =
s6
(2) L[(2t − 1)3 ] = L[8t3 − 12t2 + 6t − 1] = 8 L[t3 ] − 12 L[t2 ] + 6L[t] − L[1]
48 24 6 1 48 − 24s − 6s2 − s3
= 4 − 3 + 2− =
s s s s s4
4t 4t 1 1 2s − 4
(3) L[1 + e ] = L[1] + L[e ] = + =
s s−4 s(s − 4)
3 36 3s3 + 144s − 72
(4) L[3e2t +2 sin2 3t] = 3L[e2t ]+2L[sin2 3t] = + =
s − 2 s(s2 + 36) s(s − 2)(s2 + 36)
12 5s 12 − 5s
(5) L[4 sin 3t − 5 cos 3t] = 4L[sin 3t] − 5L[cos 3t] = 2 − = 2
s − 9 s2 + 9 s +9
e t − e−t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(6) L[et sin t] = L[et ] = L[ e2t − ] = L[e2t ] − L[1] = − =
2 2 2 2 2 2(s − 2) 2s s(s − 2)
1 1 2
(7) L[sin 2t cos 2t] = L[ sin 4t] = L[sin 4t] = 2
2 2 s + 16
1 1 1 1 1 s s2 + 2
(8) L[cos2 t] = L[ + cos 2t] = L[1] + L[cos 2t] = + =
2 2 2 2 2s 2(s2 + 4) s(s2 + 4)
1 1 1 1 1 s s2 + 4 − s2 2
2. L[sin2 t] = [ − cos 2t] = L[1] − L[cos 2t] = − 2
= 2
= 2
2 2 2 2 2s 2(s + 4) 2s(s + 4) s(s + 4)
Z 2 h 4 i2 4
3. (1) L[f (t)] = 4e−st dt = − e−st = − (e−2s − 1) (s > 0)
Z0 1 Z ∞s 0 s
h 1 i1 h 2 i∞
1
(2) L[f (t)] = te−st dt + 2e−st dt = − te−st − 2 e−st − e−st
0 1 s s 0 s 1
2
1
= (1 − e−s ) (s > 0)
s2
n!
4. (1) Ã
º Æ&
< )
h
±Z
ú `
O ¦s
6 x
# L[tn ] = n+1 e `
¦7
x"
£
½
î ÉÃ
+ ºe
. n = 1 {9
M:\ V
s
1
]
j4_ (1)\_
# L[t] = 2 (s > 0) s .
s
n!
n{
M
9 : L[tn ] = n+1 s $
w
í ô
n Ç
¦ &
ñ . n + 1{ 9
M :\ H
s
h tn+1 e−st i∞ Z ∞
(n + 1)tn e−st n+1 n (n + 1)!
L[tn+1 ] = − + dt = L[t ] = (s > 0)s
s 0 0 s s sn+2
n!
Ù
¼Ð ¸ H n\
@/
# L[tn ] = n+1 (s > 0) s$
w
í n
ôÇ
.
s
eat + e−at eat + e−at 1 1
(2) cosh at = s
Ù¼ Ð L[cosh at] = L[ ] = L[eat ] + L[e−at ]
2 2 2 2
1 1 s
= + = 2 (s > a > 0)
2(s − a) 2(s + a) s − a2
5. u = st, du = sdts
.
Z ∞ Z ∞ α 1 Z ∞
−st α −u u 1 Γ(α + 1)
α
L[t ] = e t dt = e du = α+1 e−u uα du = (α > −1)
0 0 s s s 0 sα+1)
1 √
x > 0{M
9 : Γ(x + 1) = xΓ(x)ü < Γ( ) = πe `
¦s
6x
#
Å Ò# Q
ë H]
j\ ¦Û
¦Ã
ºe
2
. r
− 21 Γ( 12 ) π
(1) L[t ] = 1 =
s2 s
3 1 1 √
1 Γ( 2 ) 2 Γ( 2 ) π
(2) L[t ] = 3 =
2
3 = 3
s2 s2 2s√2
3 Γ( 25 ) 3
Γ( 3
) 3 π
(3) L[t 2 ] = 5 = 2 5 2 = 5
s2 s2 4s 2 √
2 5
2 5 6 4Γ( 27 ) 6 4 · 52 · 32 · 12 · Γ( 12 ) 6 15 π
(4) L[3t + 4t 2 ] = 3L[t ] + 4L[t 2 ] = 3 + 7 = 3+ 7 = 3+ 7
s s2 s s2 s 2s 2
Z 1 Z ∞
1 1 −st 1 −st
6. L[ 2 ] = 2
e dt + 2
e dts .
t 0Z t 1Z t Z 1
1 1
1 −st 1 1 −st
s = 0s
2
e dt = 2
dt s
Ù¼
Ðs
&
© ì
hr
2
e dt
Hµ
Ïí
1ô
ß Ç
.
0 t 0 t 0 t
3
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
1 −st 1 1 −st
s < 0s
2
e dt > 2
dts
¼
ÙÐ s
©
h
&r
ì 2
e dt Hµ
Ïí
1ô
ß Ç
.
0
Z 1 t 0 t
Z 1 0 t Z 1
1 −st −s 1 −st 1 −st
s > 0s
2
e dt > e 2
e dts
¼
Ù Ð
s
©
h
& r
ì 2
e dt
Hµ
Ïí
1 ô
ß Ç
.
0 t 0 t 0 t
1
"f ÊÃ
< º f (t) = 2 r
É e ¦
Û ¼ 8̈
`¦ t
t·§
ú H
.
t
1 1 3! 1
7. (1) L−1 [ 4
] = L−1 [ 4 ] = t3
s 3! s 6
−1 2 1 2 −1 1 4 3! 1 5! 2 1 5
(2) L [( − 3 ) ] = L [4 2 − + ] = 4t − t3 + t
s s s 6 s4 120 s6 3 120
s + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(3) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [− + + − ]
s (s + 2)3 16 s 8 s2 16 s + 2 4 (s + 2)3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2! 1 1 1 1
= − L−1 [ ] + L−1 [ 2 ] + L−1 [ ] − L−1 [ 3
] = − + t + e−2t − t2 e−2t
16 s 8 s 16 s+2 8 (s + 2) 16 8 16 8
−1 1 −1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 s 3 1
(4) L [ 3 2 ]=L [ + − − − ]
s (s + 4) 8 s 4 s2 2 s3 8 s2 + 4 4 s2 + 4
1 3 1 1 3
= + t − t2 − cos 2t − sin 2t
8 4 4 8 8
s 1 1 3 1 1 3
(5) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ + ] = et + e−3t
s + 2s − 3 4s−1 4s+3 4 4
−1 1 −1 1 1 1 1 1 4t 1 −5t
(6) L [ 2 ]=L [ − ]= e − e
s + s − 20 9s−4 9s+5 9 9
−1 2s − 6 −1 s 3
(7) L [ 2 ] = L [2( 2 − )] = 2(cos 3t − sin 3t)
s +9 s + 32 s2 + 32
s+1 11 5 1 1 5
(8) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [− + ] = − + e4t
s − 4s 4s 4s−4 4 4 √
−1 s −1 s + 3 3 2 √ 3
(9) L [ 2 ]=L [ √ −√ √ ] = e−3t cos 2t − √ e−3t
s + 6s + 11 2
(s + 3) + ( 2) 2 2
2 (s + 3) + ( 2) 2 2
1 1 1 2! 1 3 1 1
(10) L−1 [ + ] = L−1 [ + ] = t2 et + e−t sinh 3t
(s − 1)3 s2 + 2s − 8 2 (s − 1)3 3 (s + 1)2 − 32 2 3
1
8. (1) L[te10t ] =
(s − 10)2
6
(2) L−1 [t3 e−2t ] =
(s + 2)4
3
(3) L[et sin 3t] =
(s − 1)2 + 9
s+1
(4) L[e−t cosh t] =
(s + 1)2 − 1
1 − cos 2t 1 1 s+1
(5) L[e−t sin2 t] = L[e−t ]= −
2 2 s + 1 (s + 1)2 + 4
1 1 1 s−1
(6) L[et cos2 3t] = L[ (et + et cos 6t)] = +
2 2 s − 1 (s − 1)2 + 36
4
1 1 3! 1
(7) L−1 [ 4
] = L−1 [ 4
] = et t 3
(s − 1) 3! (s − 1) 6
−1 1 −1 1 2! 1
(8) L [ ]=L [ ] = e−2t t2
(s + 2)3 2! (s + 2)3 2
1 1
(9) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ ] = e3t sin t
s − 6s + 10 (s − 3)2 + 1
s s+2 1
(10) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ 2
−2 ] = e−2t cos t − 2e−2t sin t
s + 4s + 5 (s + 2) + 1 (s + 2)2 + 1
5
2â
V
#
bam
Å
]
Z b
1. s
&
© ì
hr lim
e−st f 0 (t)dt
rF
>
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< ¦
Ðs
a
) .
$
b\
¦
¦&
r
ñ v
¦ f 0s
Ô¦
b→∞ 0
5
qs
Å ÷ &H&
t1 , t2 , · · · , tk−1 `
h ¦ [0, b]_
&s
h
. ¢̧, t0 = 0s ¦ tk = bs
Z tn
. f 0
ry
É ½
¨ç
(tn−1 , tn )\
ß "f 5
qs
Å Ù¼Ð&ì
hr
e−st f 0 (t)dt
H
rF
> ôÇ
.
tn−1
Z b k Z
X tn
"
f e−st f 0 (t)dt = e−st f 0 (t)dt
0 n=1 tn−1
X h
k itn Z tn k−1
X Z b
= e−st f (t) +s e −st
f (t)dt = −f (0) − e−stn −sb
jf (tn ) + e f (b) + s e−st f (t)
tn−1 tn−1 0
n=1 n=1
#
l f jf (tn ) = f (t+
" n)− f (t−
n) s
.
Õ
ªX
< f
H
5
qs
Å Ù
¼Ð
¸H n = 1, 2, · · · , k − 1\
@/
# jf (tn ) = 0s
¦, b > as
lim e−sb f (b) = 0s
.
f L[f 0 (t)] = sL[f (t)] − f (0) = sF (s) − f (0) $
"
w
í n
b→∞
Ç
ô .
Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞
−st d 0 −st d −st
2. F (s) = e f (t)dt\
"f F (s) = e f (t)dt = (e f (t))dt = e−st (−tf (t))
0 ds 0 0 ds 0
1
s
Ù¼
Ð F 0 (s) = L[−tf (t)]s. ¢̧ f (t) = L−1 [f (t)] = − L−1 [F 0 (s)] $
w
ínô
Ç
.
t
d
3. f (t) = cos2 ts
. f 0 (t) = cos2 t = − sin 2t, f (0) = 1s
ټРL[− sin 2t] =
dt
1 1 2 s2 + 2
sL[cos2 t]−1s
.
f L[cos2 t] = (1 − L[sin 2t]) =
" 1− 2 =
s
s s s +4 s(s2 + 4)
.
Z t
1 1
4. (1) L[ eτ dτ ] = L[et ] =
s s(s − 1)
Z0 t
1 s 1
(2) L[ cos τ dτ ] = L[cos t] = 2 + 1)
= 2
s s(s s +1
Z0 t
1 1 s+1 s+1
(3) L[ e−τ cos τ dτ ] = L[e−t cos t] = 2+1
= 2 + 2s + 2)
s s (s + 1) s(s
Z0 t
1 1 d 1 1 −2s 2
(4) L[ τ sin τ dτ ] = L[t sin t] = − ( 2 ) =− 2 + 1)2
= 2
0 s s ds s + 1 s (s (s + 1)2
2! 4! 48
(5) L[t2 ∗ t4 ] = L[t2 ]L[t4 ] = 3 5 = 8
s s s
2 t 2 t 2 d 1 1
(6) L[t ∗ te ] = L[t ]L[te ] = 3 − ( ) = 3
s ds s − 1 s (s − 1)2
6
s−1
(7) L[e−t ∗ et cos t] = L[e−t ]L[et cos t] =
(s + 1)[(s − 1)2 + 1]
1
(8) L[e2t ∗ sin t] = L[e2t ]L[sin t] =
(s − 2)(s2 + 1)
Z t h it
−1 1 −t
5. (1) L [ ]=1∗e = e−(t−τ ) dτ = e−(t−τ ) = 1 − e−t
s(s + 1) 0Z 0
1 t h it
−1
(2) L [ 2 ] = 1 ∗ sin t = sin(t − τ )dτ = cos(t − τ ) = 1 − cos t
s(s + 1) 0 Z t Z t0 h it
1
(3) L−1 [ ] = e−t ∗ e−2t = e−τ e−2(t−τ ) dτ = e−2t+τ dτ = e−2t+τ = e−t − e−2
(s + 1)(s + 2) 0 0
Z t Z t 0
1
(4) L−1 [ ] = e−t ∗ e−t = e−τ e−(t−τ ) dτ = e−t 1dτ = te−t
(s + 1)2 0 0
Z
−1 1 1 1 t
(5) L [ 2 ] = cos 2t ∗ sin 2t = cos 2τ sin 2(t − τ )dτ
(s + 4)2 2 2 0
Z Z t Z t
1 t 1h 1 i
= cos 2τ (sin 2t cos 2τ − cos 2t sin 2τ )dτ = sin 2t cos2 2τ dτ − cos 2t sin 4τ dτ
2 0 2 0 0 2
1 h1 1 it 1 h 1 it 1 1 1
= sin 2t τ + sin 4τ − cos 2t − cos 4τ = t sin 2t + sin 2t sin 4t + cos 2t(cos 4t
2 2 h8 0 4 4 0 4 16 i 16
1 1 1
= t sin 2t + sin 2t(2 sin 2t cos 2t) + cos 2t(cos2 2t − sin2 2t) − cos 2t = t sin 2t
4 16 4
−1 1 −1 1 −2t −2t
(6) L [ 2 ]=L [ ] = e sin t ∗ e sin t
(s + 4s + 5)2 [(s + 2)2 + 1]2
Z t Z t
= e−2τ sin τ e−2(t−τ ) sin(t − τ )dτ = e−2t sin τ (sin t cos τ − cos t sin τ )dτ
0 Z Z 0
h t
1 t
1 i
= e−2t sin t sin 2τ dτ − cos t (1 − cos 2τ )dτ
2 2
h 1 0 it h 1 0 1 it
−2t
=e − sin t cos 2τ − cos t(τ − sin 2τ )
h 14 0 2
1
2
1 i0 1
−2t
=e − sin t(cos 2t − 1) − cos t(t − sin 2t) = e−2t (sin t − t cos t)
4 2 2 2
Z t
t2
6. (1) t ∗ 1 = τ dτ =
0 Z 2
t
(2) t2 ∗ cos t = τ 2 cos(t − τ )dτ = 2(t − sin t)
0Z Z
t
1 t
(3) sin t ∗ sin t = sin τ sin(t − τ )dτ = [cos(2τ − t) − cos t]dτ
0 2 0
1h1 it 1
= sin(2τ − t) − τ cos t = (sin t − t cos t)
2 2 Z t 0 2 Z
t
eat − ebt
(4) eat ∗ ebt = eat eb(t−τ ) dτ = ebt e(a−b)τ dτ =
0 0 a−b
7
d2 s d 4 − s2 2s(s2 − 12)
7. (1) L[t2 cos 2t] = = =
ds2 s2 + 4 ds (s2 + 4)2 (s2 + 4)3
3
(2) L[et sin 3t] =
Z (s − 1)2 + 9 Z ∞ Z
∞
sinh t 1 1 ∞ 1 1
(3) L[ ]= L[sinh t]dσ = 2
dσ = ( − )dσ
t s s σ −1 2 s σ−1 σ+1
1h σ − 1 i∞ 1 s − 1 1 s + 1
= log = − log = log
2 σ+1 s 2 s+1 2 s−1
t 2t 2 2t 3t 4t d 1 2 1
(4) L[t(e + e ) ] = L[t(e + 2e + e )] = − + +
ds s − 2 s − 3 s − 4
1 2 1
= + +
(s − 2)2 (s − 3)2 (s − 4)2
1
(5) L[e−t sin t] =
(s + 1)2 + 1
1 1 1 s−1
(6) L[et cos2 3t] = L[et (1 + cos 6t)] = +
2 2 s − 1 (s − 1)2 + 36
d 2 1 2
6s + 2
(7) L[t2 sinh t] = 2 2 = 2
ds s − 1 (s − 1)3
d 6 12(s − 1)
(8) L[tet sin 6t] = − 2
=
ds (s − 1) + 36 [(s − 1)2 + 36]2
1 1 2 1
8. (1) L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ ] = t2 e−3t
(s + 2)3 2 (s + 2)3 2
s s + 2 1
(2) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ 2
−2 ] = e−2t cos t − 2e−2t sin t
s + 4s + 5 (s + 2) + 1 (s + 2)2 + 1
2s − 1 5 1 5 4 3 2 3
(3) L−1 [ 2 3
] = L−1 [ − 2 − − 2
− 3
] = 5 − t − 5e−t − 4te−t − t2
s (s + 1) s s s + 1 (s + 1) 2 (s + 1) 2
(s + 1)2 1 2 1 3! 1
(4) L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ − + ] = te−2t − t2 e−2t + t3 e−2t
(s + 2)4 (s + 2)2 (s + 2)3 6 (s + 2)4 6
s 1 1
(5) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ − ] = e−t − te−t
(s + 1)2 s + 1 (s + 1)2
s+1 1 −2(s + 1) 1 −1 d 1 1
(6) L−1 [ 2 2
] = L −1
[(− ) 2 2
] = L [− 2
] = te−t sin t
(s + 2s + 2) 2 [(s + 1) + 1] 2 ds (s + 1) + 1 2
1 1 2 1
(7) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ ] = e−t sin 2t
s + 2s + 5 2 (s + 1)2 + 22 2
−1 1 −1 1
(8) L [ 2 ]=L [ ] = e3t sin t
s + 6s + 10 (s − 3)2 + 12
8
3â
V
´Ê
§ ÁÁ
Ê
þ Á
+¨
·
â
«£>»
o É
.
e−s
1. (1) L[(t − 1)u(t − 1)] =
s2
e−2s
(2) L[e2−t u(t − 2)] = L[e−(t−2) u(t − 2)] =
s+1
e−2s 2e−2s
(3) L[t u(t − 2)] = L[(t − 2) u(t − 2) + 2 u(t − 2)] = +
s2 s
10 3e−3s 10e−3s
(4) L[(3t + 1) u(t − 3)] = 3L[(t − 3) u(t − 3) + u(t − 3)] = +
3 s2 3s
se−πs
(5) L[cos 2t u(t − π)] = L[cos 2(t − π) u(t − π)] = 2
s π+ 4
π π π se− 2 s
(6) L[sin t u(t − )] = L[cos(t − ) u(t − )] = 2
2 2 2 s +1
3 t−1 6e−s
(7) L[(t − 1) e u(t − 1)] =
(s − 1)4
e−5s 5e−5s
(8) L[tet−5 u(t − 5)] = L[(t − 5)et−5 u(t − 5) + 5et−5 u(t − 5)] = +
(s − 1)2 s−1
e−2s 1
2. (1) L−1 [ 3
] = (t − 2)2 u(t − 2)
s 2
−2s )2 2e−2s e−4s
−1 (1 + e 1
(2) L [ ] = L−1 [ + + ] = e−2t + 2e−2(t−2) u(t − 2) + e−2(t−4) u(t −
s+2 s+2 s+2 s+2
e−πs
(3) L−1 [ 2 ] = sin(t − π) u(t − π)
s +1
(e−2s )2 e−4s
(4) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [ 2 ] = sin 2(t − 4) u(t − 4)
s +4 s +4
e −s e −s e−s
(5) L−1 [ ] = L−1 [ − ] = u(t − 1) − e−(t−1) u(t − 1)
s(s + 1) s s+1
e−2s e−2s e−2s e−2s
(6) L−1 [ 2 ] = L−1 [− − 2 + ] = −u(t − 2) − (t − 2) u(t − 2) + et−2 u(t − 2)
s (s − 1) s s s−1
2 1
−1 1 −s 1 −4s 4
(7) L [ 2 − e + +e + ]
s s2 s s2 s
= t − (t − 1) u(t − 1) − 2 u(t − 1) + 4(t − 4) u(t − 4) + u(t − 4)
2s π 3s + 1 s+1
(8) L−1 [ 2 − e− 2 s 2 + e−πs 2 ]
s +4 s +9 s + 6s + 10
− πs s − πs s
s se 1 3e (s + 3)e−πs 2e−πs
= L−1 [2 2 −3 2 2
− 2 2
+ − ]
s +4 s +3 3s +3 (s + 3) + 1 (s + 3)2 + 1
2
π π 1 π π
= 2 cos 2t − 3 cos 3(t − ) u(t − ) − sin 3(t − ) u(t − )
2 2 3 2 2
+ e−3(t−π) cos 3(t − π) u(t − π) − 2e−3(t−π) sin 3(t − π) u(t − π)
2 4e−3s
3. (1) L[2 − 4 u(t − 3)] = −
s s
9
1 e−4s e−5s
(2) L[1 − u(t − 4) + u(t − 5)] = − +
s s s
1 e−2πs
(3) L[sin t − sin t u(t − 2π)] = L[sin t − sin(t − 2π) u(t − 2π)] = −
s2 + 1 s2 + 1
1 e−2s e−2s
(4) L[t − t u(t − 2)] = L[t − (t − 2) u(t − 2) − 2 u(t − 2)] = 2 − 2 −
s s s
1 e−s t (0 ≤ t < 1)
4. (1)f (t) = L−1 [ 2 − 2 ] = t − (t − 1) u(t − 1) =
s s 1 (t ≥ 1)
2 3e−s 5e−2s
(2)f (t) = L−1 [ − 2 + ] = 2 − 3(t − 1) u(t − 1) + 5(t − 2) u(t − 2) =
s s s2
2 (0 ≤ t < 1)
-3t+5 (1 ≤ t < 2)
2t-5 (t ≥ 2)
Z 2π
1 1
5. (1) L[f (t)] = −2πs
e−st sin tdt = 2
1−e Z0 2π s +1
1 s
(2) L[f (t)] = −2πs
e−st cos tdt = 2
1−e 0 Z 2a s + 1i
1 hZ a (1 − e−as )2 1 − e−as
−st −st
(3) L[f (t)] = e dt − e dt = =
1 − e−2as 0 a s(1 − e−2as ) s(1 + e−as )
10
Z b
1 a −st a 1 1
(4) L[f (t)] = te dt = −
1 − e−bs 0 b s bs ebs − 1
Z π πs πs
1 −st 1 e 2 + e− 2 1 πs
(5) L[f (t)] = e sin tdt = 2 πs πs = coth
1 − e−πs 0 s + 1 e 2 − e− 2 s2 + 1 2
11
4â
V
¨·
â
«£>»
o É
. +£
£
1. (1) L[y 00 (t)−6y 0 (t)+5y(t)] = L[3e2t ]sÙ¼ Ð L[y 00 (t)]−6L[y 0 (t)]+5L[y(t)] = 3L[e2t ]s
3
. " f [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] − 6[sY (s) − y(0)] + 5Y (s) =
s .
s−2
3 2s − 9 3
(s2 − 6s + 5)Y (s) = 2s − 9 + s
Ù¼ Ð Y (s) = 2 +
s−2 s − 6s + 5 (s − 2)(s2 − 6s + 5)
1 1 5 1 1
= + −
s . Õ ªQÙ ¼Ð½ ¨
¦
HK
H
2s−5 2s−1 s−2
1 1
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = e5t + et − e−2t s .
2 2
1
(3) L[y 00 (t)+2y 0 (t)+2y(t)] = L[1]s
Ù Ð [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] + 2[sY (s) − y(0)] + 2Y (s) = s
¼
s
1
. " f (s2 + 2s + 2)Y (s) = −3s − 5 + s .
s
−3s − 5 1
Y (s) = 2 +
s + 2s + 2 s(s2 + 2s + 2)
−3(s + 1) −2 1
= + +
s . Õª QÙ ¼Ð½ ¨
¦
HK
H
(s + 1) + 1 (s + 1) + 1 s[(s + 1)2 + 1]
2 2
Z t
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = −3e−t cos t − 2e−t sin t + e−τ sin τ dτ
0
1
= −3e cos t − 2e sin t + (−e−t cos t − e−t sin t + 1)
−t −t
2
7 −t 5 −t 1
= − e cos t − e sin t + s
.
2 2 2
1
(4) L[y 00 (t)−6y 0 (t)+9y(t)] = L[t]s
Ù Ð [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] − 6[sY (s) − y(0)] + 9Y (s) = 2 s
¼
s
1
. " f (s2 − 6s + 9)Y (s) = 1 + 2 s .
s
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 1
Y (s) = 2 + 2 2 = + 2
− +
s .
s − 6s + 9 s (s − 6s + 9) 27 s 9 s 27 s − 3 9 (s − 3)2
12
2 1 1 10
Õ
ªQÙ
¼Ð½
¨
¦
HK
H y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] =
+ t − e3t + te3t s
.
27 9 27 9
1
(5) L[y 0 (t) + y(t)] = L[e−t ]s
Ù¼
Ð [sY (s) − y(0)] + Y (s) = s
.
s+1
1 5 1
"
f (s + 1)Y (s) = 5 +
s . Y (s) = + s
Ù¼
н ¨
¦
H
s+1 s + 1 (s + 1)2
K
H y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = 5e−t + te−t s
.
1
(7) L[y 00 (t) + y(t)] = L[sin t]s
Ù Ð [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] + Y (s) =
¼
s .
+1 s2
1 s−1 1 s 1 1
"f (s2 + 1)Y (s) = s − 1 + 2
s . Y (s) = 2 + 2 2
= 2 − 2 + 2
s +1 s + 1 (s + 1) s + 1 s + 1 (s + 1
−1 sin t − t cos t 1 1
Ù
¼Ð½¨
¦
HK
H y(t) = L [Y (s)] = cos t − sin t +
= cos t − sin t − t co
2 2 2
.
s−1
(8) L[y 00 (t)−y 0 (t)] = L[et cos t]s
Ù Ð [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] − [sY (s) − y(0)] =
¼ s
(s − 1)2 + 1
s−1
.
f (s2 − s)Y (s) =
"
s .
(s − 1)2 + 1
s−1 1 11 1 s−1 1 1
Y (s) = 2 2
= 2
= − + s
(s − s)[(s − 1) + 1] s[(s − 1) + 1] 2 s 2 (s − 1) + 1 2 (s − 1)2 + 1
2
1 1 1
Ù
¼ н ¨
¦
HK
H y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = − et cos t + et sin ts
.
2 2 2
1
(9) L[y 00 (t)−2y 0 (t)] = L[et sinh t]s
Ù Ð [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] − 2[sY (0) − y(0)] =
¼
(s − 1)2 − 1
1
.
f (s2 − 2s)Y (s) =
" s
.
(s − 1)2 − 1
1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
Y (s) = 2 2
= 2 2
= + 2
− + s
Ù¼
н¨
(s − 2s)(s − 2s) s (s − 2) 4s 4s 4 s − 2 4 (s − 2)2
1 1 1 1
¦
HK
H y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = + t − e2t + te2t s
.
4 4 4 4
13
5 5e−s 1 1
2. (1) [sY (s) − y(0)] + Y (s) = e−s s
Ù¼ Ð Y (s) = = 5e−s − s.
s s(s + 1) s s+1
"f½ ¨
¦
HK
H y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = 5u(t − 1) − 5e−(t−1) u(t − 1)s
.
1 e−s 1−s 1
(2) [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] + 4Y (s) = − s
Ù ¼
Ð Y (s) = 2
− e−s 2
s s s(s + 4) s(s + 4)
11 1 s 1 2 1 s
−s 1 1
= − − −e −
s .
"f½ ¨
¦
HK
H
4 s 4 s2 + 4 2 s2 + 4 4 s 4 s2h + 4 i
1 1 1 1 1
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = − cos 2t − sin 2t − − cos 2(t − 1) u(t − 1)s
.
4 4 2 4 4
1
3. (1) [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] + 4Y (s) = e−2πs 2 Ù
s ¼Ð
s +1
s 1 1 1 2
Y (s) = 2 − e−2πs − s.
"f½¨
¦
HK
H
s +4 3 s h+ 1 6 s2 + 4
2
i
1 1
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = cos 2t + sin(t − 2π) − sin w(t − 2π) u(t − 2π)s
.
3 6
1
(2) [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] − 5[sY (s) − y(0)] + 6Y (s) = e−s sÙ
¼Ð
s
1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
Y (s) = e−s + = e−s − + − +
s
s(s − 2)(s − 3) (s − 2)(s − 3) 6s 2s−2 3s−3 s−2 s−3
. " f½ ¨
¦
HK
H
h1 1 1 i
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = − e2(t−1) + e3(t−1) u(t − 1) − e2t + e3t s
.
6 2 3
1 1 1
4. (1) L[f (t)] + L[t]L[f (t)] = L[t]s
Ù¼
Ð F (s) + 2
F (s) = 2 s
. 7
¤ F (s) = 2
£ s
s s s +1
14
Ù
¼Ð½
¨
¦
HK
H f (t) = L−1 [F (s)] = sin ts
.
1 1
(2) L[f (t)] = L[tet ] + L[t]L[f (t)]s
Ù¼
Ð F (s) = 2
+ 2 F (s)s
. 7¤
£
(s − 1) s
s2 s2 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
F (s) = 2 2
= 3
= + 2
+ 3
− s
(s − 1) (s − 1) (s + 1)(s − 1) 8 s − 1 4 (s − 1) 4 (s − 1) 8s+1
1 3 1 1
Ù
¼ н ¨
¦
HK
H f (t) = L−1 [F (s)] = et + tet + t2 et − e−t s
.
8 4 4 8
s 1
(3) L[f (t)] = L[cos t] + L[e−t ]L[f (t)]s
Ù¼
Ð F (s) =
+ F (s)s
. 7 ¤
£
+1 s+1 s2
s+1 s 1
F (s) = 2
= 2 + 2 Ù
s ¼
н¨
¦
HK
H f (t) = L−1 [F (s)] = cos t + sin ts
s +1 s +1 s +1
.
1 1 1
(4) L[f 0 (t)] = L[1]−L[sin t]−L[1]L[f (t)]s
Ù
¼Ð sF (s) − f (0) = − − F (s)s
s s2 + 1 s
s3 − s2 + s 1 1 2s
. 7
¤ F (s) =
£ 2 2
= 2 + Ù
s ¼
н¨
¦
HK
H
s(s + 1) s + 1 2 (s + 1)2
2
1
f (t) = L−1 [F (s)] = sin t − t sin ts
.
2
5. (1) L[y 00 (t)+2y 0 (t)+y(t)] = L[f (t)]s ټР[s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] + 2[sY (0) − y(0)] + Y (s)
e −s 2e −2s e −3s
= − + s
. " f
s s s
e −s e−2s e−3s e−s e−2s e−3s
(s + 1)2 Y (s) = −2 +
s . Y (s) = − 2 +
s s s s(s + 1)2 s(s + 1)2 s(s + 1)2
h1 1 1 i h 1 1 1 i h1 1 1 i
−s −2s
= − − e − 2 − − e + − − e−3 s
s s + 1 (s + 1)2 s s + 1 (s + 1)2 s s + 1 (s + 1)2
Ù
¼ н ¨
¦
HK
H
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = [1 − e−(t−1) − (t − 1)e−(t−1) ]u(t − 1)
−2[1 − e−(t−2) − (t − 2)e−(t−2) ]u(t − 2) + [1 − e−(t−3) − (t − 3)e−(t−3) ]u(t − 3)s
.
π π π
(2) f (t) = cos 2t u(t − ) − cos 2t u(t − π) = sin 2(t − ) u(t − ) − cos 2(t − π) u(t − π)s
4 4 4 π
2e− 4 s se−πs
Ù
¼ Ð L[y 00 (t)+y(t)] = L[f (t)]\
_
# [s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0)] + Y (s) = − 2 − 2
s
s +4 s +4
.
π 2 s
Y (s) = −e− 4 s 2 2
− e−πs 2
(s + 4)(s + 1) (s + 4)(s2 + 1)
15
1 π 1 2 1 s s
= − e− 4 s (2 2 − 2 ) − e−πs ( 2 − 2 )Ù
¼Ð½¨
¦
HK
H
4 s + 1 hs + 4 4 s + 1 is + 4 h i
1 π π π 1
y(t) = L−1 [Y (s)] = 2 sin(t − ) − sin 2(t − ) u(t − ) − cos(t − π) − cos 2(t − π) u(t −
4 4 4 4 4
.