2023 Research Lab 1

Group 2

Leader: CARAMAT, ERICA JOYCE R.

Members:

ARENO, KYLA AL JHELENE BIANCA S.

BARRUGA, KRIZHA MARIE V.

CATU, CLAIRE M.

CHAVEZ, JEMAICA D.

BAUTISTA, JOHN CARLO R.

RESEARCH GAPS

• Money to afford specific bacteria

• Quantity of Mimosa pudica to sustain the entire procedure

• Place where Mimosa pudica can be collected

• Place where the study can be conducted

• Equipment to be used like refrigerator

• Methods to be used

• Time: effective antibacterial and can kill or inhibit backria

• Temperature to preserve specific bacteria

• Procedures to make agar

Foreign Related Literature

SUMMARY Resources
1. Chima, N., Amadi, L. O., & Ugboma, C. J. (2022).
The study focused on examining the antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica extract Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of Mimosa pudica Leaf
in combination with alum. The plant was collected and extracted using both aqueous Extract and its Combination Treatment with Potassium
and methanolic methods. Bacterial isolates, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aluminum Sulphate on Some Bacteria. South Asian Journal
Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, were obtained from wound sources and of Research in Microbiology, 36–45.
confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. In vitro tests were conducted by
measuring the inhibition zones of different concentrations of the extracts and their https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
combinations with alum. The combination of the aqueous extract and alum showed 366572546_Antimicrobial_Sensitivity_Profile_of_Mimosa_
the highest inhibitory potential against Staphylococcus aureus, while the consortium pudica_Leaf_Extract_and_its_Combination_Treatment_wit
extract exhibited the least antibacterial effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration h_Potassium_Aluminum_Sulphate_on_Some_Bacteria
(MIC) for all bacteria studied was recorded at 0.50g/ml for all treatments. The
phytochemical analysis revealed various compositions, with alkaloids having the
highest concentration and total phenols having the least. Overall, the study provided
insights into the sensitivity profiles of Mimosa pudica extracts and their combination
with alum against specific microbes.
2.
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Mimosa Mandal, A. K., Pandey, A., Sah, R. K., Baral, A., & Sah, P.
pudica from the Terai region of Nepal, as well as assess its physicochemical properties. (2022). In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potency of
The ethyl acetate extract of Mimosa pudica (EAMP) was analyzed for extractive value, Mimosa pudica of Nepalese Terai Region: Insight into L-
total ash content, loss on drying, and phytochemical screening. Total phenolic content Mimosine as an Antibacterial Agent. Evidence-based
(TPC) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as the Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, 1–11.
standard, while total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured using the AlCl3
colorimetric method. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the extract was tested https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2022/6790314/?
against four bacterial ATCC strains using the agar well diffusion method. Additionally, fbclid=IwAR2tIwxtU8fXqG9Q8CM3kP4Cpww8QoW-
an in silico molecular docking model was employed to assess the antibacterial potency pPa0V4JslBcnrvCMj5hVsDkqu1I
of L-mimosine, a compound present in Mimosa pudica. The results showed the
presence of phytochemicals in the extract, and the TPC and TFC were determined. The
extract demonstrated potent free radical scavenging activity and exhibited
antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The in
silico analysis indicated a notable binding affinity of L-mimosine with selected
bacterial proteins. The study concludes that Mimosa pudica from the Terai region of
Nepal contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds, possesses antibacterial and
antioxidant properties, and L-mimosine shows potential as an antibacterial compound
for further drug discovery efforts against antibiotic resistance.

3.
The Mimosa genus, belonging to the Fabaceae family, comprises approximately 400 Majeed, I., Rizwan, K., Ashar, A., Rasheed, T., Amarowicz,
species found worldwide, ranging from herbs to trees. Many species of Mimosa are R., Kausar, H., Riaz, M., & Marceanu, L. G. (2021). A
utilized in traditional medicine practices. This review aims to provide a comprehensive Comprehensive Review of the Ethnotraditional Uses and
overview of the ethnogeographical distribution, traditional uses, nutritional value, Biological and Pharmacological Potential of the Genus
pharmaceutical potential, and toxicity of Mimosa species to facilitate their therapeutic Mimosa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
application in human ailments. A systematic analysis of scientific literature published 22(14), 7463.
between 1931 and 2020 was conducted using various databases. Over 160 research
articles were included in this review, covering diverse aspects of the Mimosa genus.
Mimosa species are nutritionally significant and serve as feed for various chicken https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
varieties. Numerous studies have demonstrated the pharmacological potential of PMC8307580/?
Mimosa species, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound- fbclid=IwAR3mhNxVP_C_e4pwTKYPpwM4X4ALr7oLaZglqJ4
healing, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, wAmch50dF0lpcrGrP_Bk
antiepileptic, neuropharmacological, toxicological, antiallergic, antihyperurisemic,
larvicidal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antimutagenic, genotoxic, teratogenic,
antispasmolytic, antiviral, and antivenom activities. The findings of this review suggest
that the Mimosa genus holds great promise in the field of medicinal applications for
treating various diseases. However, further research is necessary to explore the
ethnopharmacological, toxicological, and nutritional aspects of Mimosa species to
fully harness their potential in the medicinal industry.

4.
Phytochemical analysis of Mimosa pudica Linn. (commonly known as Lajwanti)
revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, and
saponins. Tannins and terpenoids, however, were not detected. The total phenolic
content varied among different extracts, with the highest concentration observed in
the chloroform extract at 60 μg. The scavenging activity against DPPH, superoxide
radicals, and nitric oxide also showed a concentration-dependent response, with the
extracts exhibiting maximum activity at specific concentrations. The reducing power of
Jagetia, G. C., & Lalhmangaihi, C. (2018). Phytochemical
Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Lajwanti Mimosa
Pudica Linn. In Vitro. International Journal of Plant Studies,
1(1).
https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/plant-studies/plant-
studies04.php?fbclid=IwAR0n2Rju24hKC_4jZ5GoHIxV-2Ll-
the extracts indicated strong antioxidant properties, with the most significant activity qBjVzz-TeIXxm97FcAZodtr_gzOZJ4
observed at 80 μg/ml for most extracts. These findings highlight the antioxidant
potential of Lajwanti and its extracts, attributed to the presence of phenols, alkaloids,
flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and saponins.
5. The genus Mimosa, comprising hundreds of species of herbs, shrubs, and trees, is
widely distributed in various regions across the globe. It has a long history of Rizwan, K., Majeed, I., Bilal, M., Rasheed, T., Shakeel, A., &
traditional use for treating a range of ailments including jaundice, diarrhea, fever, Iqbal, S. (2022). Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology
asthma, skin diseases, and more. A review of literature from 1959 to 2020 explored of Genus Mimosa: A Review. Biomolecules, 12(1), 83.
the medicinal potential of Mimosa species, collecting information from books,
scientific journals, and electronic searches. The review identified 145 compounds https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/1/83?
isolated from Mimosa, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and fbclid=IwAR03_Sdj80cxAA0womvqeV2QUsUGHHkUt92Lq-
phenols, among others. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the significant kqlw
potential of these compounds, exhibiting activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral,
antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic effects. This comprehensive review
highlights the medicinal value of Mimosa species and suggests their potential as a
source for future medicines, supplements, and nutritional products. The genus holds
promise for further exploration and development in the field of medicine.
6. Mimosa pudica leaves contain anthelmintic compounds (tannin, flavonoid, and
alkaloid) that can reduce Ascaridia galli infections in chickens. This study aimed to Tresnani, G., Martini, & Pratama, I. (2022). Mimosa pudica
assess the effectiveness of an ethanol extract from Mimosa leaves against A. galli L. Leaves Ethanol Extract In Vitro Analysis of Anthelmintic
worms in vitro. Worm samples were divided into control groups (positive and Activity to Ascaridia galli. Samota Journal of Biological
negative) and treatment groups (10%, 20%, and 50% extract concentrations). Paralysis Science, Volume 1(1)
and mortality data were collected and statistically analyzed. Phytochemical analysis
confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites in the extract that induce paralysis https://journal.unram.ac.id/index.php/samota/article/
and mortality in A. galli. The 50% concentration caused paralysis in 90 minutes, similar download/628/467
to the positive control (Piperazine). However, the mortality time was slower compared
to Piperazine. In conclusion, the 50% extract concentration demonstrated the best
anthelmintic effect, with paralysis similar to Piperazine but slower mortality time.
7. Mimosa pudica, in addition to its traditional uses, has found modern-day
applications in various areas. Water extracts of the plant's roots have demonstrated Jockers, D. (2006) Mimosa Pudica – The Most Powerful
significant anti-venom activity, particularly against the venom of the monocled cobra, Herb for Parasites?. drjockers.com
by inhibiting its myotoxicity and enzyme activity. The plant is also known for its
wound-healing properties and can provide relief for hemorrhoids and piles. It exhibits https://drjockers.com/mimosa-pudica-parasites/?
anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effects, soothes ulcers, possesses anti-inflammatory fbclid=IwAR3YSQLx37JaSLoe75VMiJOTw2xvkNwSbBvEEZwt
properties, and can be used to treat indigestion and diarrhea. Mimosa pudica also IIUIaL_ZM0HM0UYnpCg
exhibits antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Additionally, it
can help alleviate joint pain and symptoms associated with arthritis. Overall, the plant
offers a range of therapeutic benefits for various health conditions.
8.
The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Mimosa pudica Paras, H., Tahir, M. et al., (2022). Hepatoprotective Effect of
leaves' ethanolic extract using a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver Mimosa pudica Leaves Ethanoic Extract in CCl4-Induced
damage. Mimosa pudica is known for its anticancer alkaloid mimosine and various Hepatotoxicity. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural
secondary metabolites like tannins, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and glycosyl Science Edition
flavones. It possesses several pharmacological properties, including antioxidant,
antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antidiarrheal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, antiparasitic, 365776786_Hepatoprotective_Effect_of_Mimosa_pudica_L
antimalarial, and hypoglycemic activities. The administration of CCl4 in rats caused eaves_Ethanoic_Extract_in_CCl4-Induced_Hepatotoxicity
liver damage, as indicated by increased levels of liver enzymes, bilirubin, cholesterol,
alkaline phosphate, urea, and creatinine. The rats were treated with different
concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica leaves (500mg/kg,
750mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg) orally. Among the three doses, 500mg/kg showed the
best results in reducing the elevated hepatic parameters and promoting
hepatocellular regeneration compared to the CCl4 group alone. Higher doses
(750mg/kg and 1000mg/kg) also showed significant results but to a lesser extent than
the 500mg/kg dose. Histopathological examination of the liver confirmed the
protective effect of Mimosa pudica on injured liver tissues, showing improved
architecture. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica
leaves has hepatoprotective and healing properties.
9.
This study focused on evaluating the anxiolytic and antibacterial activity of the Sultana, S., & Hossain, L. (2019). Evaluation of Anxiolytic
methanol extract of Mimosa pudica (MEMP) leaves. Preliminary phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Leaves of
screening revealed the presence of various compounds such as reducing sugar, tannin, Mimosa pudica. Universal Journal of Plant Science, 7(3),
glycoside, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the extract. The anxiolytic activity of MEMP was 44–49.
assessed using tests on mice, including the light-dark box test, elevated plus maze test,
and hole board test, which showed significant anxiolytic effects at doses of 200 and
400 mg/kg body weight. The antibacterial activity of MEMP was determined through https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
disc diffusion assay, and the extract exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial effects 340824854_Evaluation_of_Anxiolytic_and_Antibacterial_A
against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, ctivity_of_Methanol_Extract_of_Leaves_of_Mimosa_pudic
Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexineri. These findings support the traditional use of
Mimosa pudica and suggest the presence of bioactive compounds responsible for its
pharmacological activity. Further chemical investigation is recommended to isolate
and purify these compounds for potential therapeutic applications.
10.
The antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Mimosa pudica was investigated
against twelve pathogenic bacteria. The extract demonstrated favorable activity
against two gram-positive and six gram-negative bacteria. However, it did not exhibit
activity against Staphylococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Shigella boydii, and Vibrio
cholera. In addition, the extract was tested for its antinociceptive effect using the
acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Surprisingly, the extract did not show any
antinociceptive activity and instead increased abdominal constriction or writhing,
indicating a sensation of pain.
11.
This study focused on evaluating the potential antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound
healing properties of Mimosa pudica root extracts. The roots were sequentially
extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The methanolic extract exhibited
the highest antioxidant activity, with a maximum inhibition of 73.43% in the DPPH
radical scavenging assay. The antibacterial activity was assessed against various
microorganisms, and the methanolic extract showed the highest inhibitory action
against gram-positive bacteria compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Column
chromatography of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of a flavonoid
compound, which was identified as 7,8,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxy-flavone through
spectral analysis. The study also demonstrated the wound healing efficacy of the root
extract in a pharmaceutical ointment formulation, showing better results than a
commercially available povidone-iodine ointment. Overall, the findings support the
traditional use of Mimosa pudica root as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound
healing agent in topical applications.
12.
The chloroform extract of Mimosa pudica leaf has demonstrated antimicrobial
activity against Citrobacter divergens, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Aspergillus fumigatus
at different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml). The presence of active
a
Shilpi, J. A., Uddin, S., Hossain, M., & Sarder, M. (2022).
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY STUDY
OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA (L.). Khulna
University Studies, 35–37.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
367581062_ANTIBACTERIAL_AND_ANTINOCICEPTIVE_ACTI
VITY_STUDY_OF_METHANOL_EXTRACT_OF_MIMOSA_PUD
ICA_L
Singh, S. P., Dodiya, T. R., Singh, S., & Dodiya, R. (2021).
Topical Wound Healing, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant
Potential of Mimosa pudica Linn root Extracted using n-
Hexane Followed by Methanol, Fortified in Ointment Base.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Nanotechnology, 14(3), 5472–5480.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
352279180_Topical_Wound_Healing_Antimicrobial_and_A
ntioxidant_Potential_of_Mimosa_pudica_Linn_root_Extrac
ted_using_n-
Hexane_Followed_by_Methanol_Fortified_in_Ointment_B
ase
Pramod, L., Achummantakath, H. (2019) Mimosa pudica L. -
A sensitive plant: A review. Current Topics in
Phytochemistry
constituents such as glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenol, quinins,
tannins, coumarin, and saponin is believed to contribute to this antimicrobial activity. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
Additionally, the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mimosa pudica has shown 356759099_Mimosa_pudica_L_-
moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 296.92 µ/ml. A_sensitive_plant_A_review
13.
Ethnobotany provides valuable information about the medicinal properties of plants. Chaudhary, N. K., Ojha, R., & Gautam, T. P. (2020). The
Identifying active compounds and standardizing their extraction is crucial for Physicochemical analysis and Phytochemical screening of
developing new drugs. In this study, five medicinal plants (Curcuma caesia, some medicinal plants of Letang Municipality of Morang
Cheilocostus speciosus, Drymaria cordata, Leea macrophylla, Plumbago zeylanica) district, Nepal. Bibechana, 17, 67–74.
were collected, dried, and crushed. Three different extracts were prepared for each
plant, and phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify their active chemical https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
constituents. The highest moisture content (14.83%) was found in Plumbago zeylanica, 340871117_Physicochemical_analysis_and_Phytochemical
while Curcuma caesia had higher total ash (9.22%) and acid-insoluble ash (4.43%). _screening_of_some_medicinal_plants_of_Letang_Munici
Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 varieties of bioactive chemicals in pality_of_Morang_district_Nepal
all five plants, showcasing a diversity of phytochemicals with numerous medicinal
properties. Overall, these five medicinal plants hold great potential for treating various
diseases and can serve as a source of income for the local community.
14.
The study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of selected plant extracts against Abubakr, E. et al., (2023). Antibacterial Activity of Some
various bacterial species. Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Cotula cinerea, and Francoeuria Medicinal Plants against Some Bacteria Species and food
crispa were tested using both aqueous and organic solvents (methanol and acetone). spoilage bacteria. Sebha University Journal of Pure &
The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Applied Sciences.
two Gram-negative (Brucella spp., Proteus spp.) and three Gram-positive
(Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis) bacterial species. All https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
extracts demonstrated effective antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of all 370888612_Antibacterial_Activity_of_Some_Medicinal_Pla
tested bacteria. Among the plant extracts, the acetone extract of Francoeuria crispa nts_against_Some_Bacteria_Species_and_food_spoilage_b
exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus spp. (inhibition acteria
zone 27±1mm) and Bacillus subtilis (inhibition zone of 26.27±4mm), followed by
methanol extract against Streptococcus spp. and Brucella spp. (inhibition zones of
24±1mm and 22±1mm, respectively). Francoeuria crispa extracts showed the highest
antibacterial activity overall, followed by Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Cotula
cinerea. The methanol and acetone extracts displayed significant inhibitory activity
against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings suggest that
these plant extracts may serve as natural sources of antibacterial agents and could be
potential candidates for the development of new chemotherapeutic drugs to treat
infectious diseases.
15.
The study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts
from two medicinal plants, Caesalpinia sappan L. and Mimosa pudica L., against
various bacteria and fungi. The tested microorganisms included Staphylococcus
aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Both aqueous
and methanol extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity, with stronger effects
against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus
aureus showed the highest susceptibility, followed by Bacillus subtilis. Among the two
plants, Caesalpinia sappan L. exhibited the best antibacterial activity. The results
suggest that Caesalpinia sappan L. could be a potential source of therapeutic
antimicrobials and may warrant further pharmacological evaluation.
16.
The study evaluated the phytochemical compounds present in three medicinal
plants: Cassia auriculata L., Tamarix gallica L., and Curcuma longa L. Additionally, it
tested the antibacterial activity of these plants against three pathogenic bacterial
strains, namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. The
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols,
tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, glycosides, and saponins in all plant
extracts. Furthermore, all plant extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against
the tested bacterial strains. Notably, the ethanol extracts of leaves and flowers of
Cassia auriculata exhibited strong antibacterial activity.
17.
Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria are a significant challenge in the 21st
century. Researchers are now exploring antibacterial properties in ethnomedicinal
indigenous plants as potential therapeutic agents to address this emerging issue.
These plant-derived antibacterials could serve as alternatives to conventional
antibiotics for treating infectious human diseases. In a study conducted in
Brahmanbaria, researchers collected ethnomedicinal data from local people between
June 2015 and June 2017, identifying 243 ethnomedicinal plants. Through calculations
of the Factor of Informant Consensus (Fic), eight medicinal plants with higher
consensus among informants were identified. These plants included Litseaglutinosa,
Mohan, G., Anand, S., & Doss, A. (2011). Efficacy of
Aqueous and Methanol extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L.
and Mimosa pudica L. for their potential Antimicrobial
activity. South as. J.Biol.Sci.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
285321323_Efficacy_of_aqueous_and_methanol_extracts_
of_Caesalpinia_sappan_L_and_Mimosa_pudica_L_for_thei
r_potential_antimicrobial_activity
Gadhvi, K., Vyas, S., Gamit, S. (2022). Phytochemical
screening and antibacterial activity of some medicinal
plants. BIOINFOLET, A quarterly journal of life sciences
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
364753038_Phytochemical_screening_and_antibacterial_a
ctivity_of_some_medicinal_plants
Haque, T., Uddin, M. Z., Hassan, M. A., & Saha, M. L. (2022).
Antibacterial Properties of Major Ethnomedicinal Plants
Used by the Local People of Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 51(4), 779–786.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
366581617_ANTIBACTERIAL_PROPERTIES_OF_MAJOR_ETH
NOMEDICINAL_PLANTS_USED_BY_THE_LOCAL_PEOPLE_OF
_BRAHMANBARIA_BANGLADESH
Robinson, Scopariadulcis, Dalbergiasissoo, Clerodendrumviscosum, Holarrhena
antidysenterica, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Paederia foetida, and Stephania japonica.
The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of these plants' leaves was
screened against eight clinical bacterial strains using disc diffusion assays. The
experimental results indicated that a substantial proportion (85%) of plant extracts
showed potential effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria with
varying potency. Litseaglutinosa emerged as the most effective plant species,
exhibiting inhibitory effects on the growth of all eight tested pathogenic bacteria. This
plant shows promise and warrants further evaluation for the production of potential
herbal antimicrobials as alternatives to antibiotics.
18.
The study focuses on four plants: Phytolacca dodecandra fruits, Rumex nepalensis Tura, G. T., Eshete, W. B., & Tucho, G. T. (2017b).
leaves, Grewia ferruginea bark, and Grewia ferruginea leaves. These plants were Antibacterial efficacy of local plants and their contribution
selected based on their traditional use and ethno-botanical knowledge in rural areas to public health in rural Ethiopia. Antimicrobial Resistance
near Jimma town. Acetone was used to extract the bioactive compounds from the and Infection Control, 6(1)
plants. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were then tested using disc
diffusion and macro dilution methods, both against reference bacterial strains and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
bacteria isolated from human sources. The plant extracts demonstrated varying levels PMC5534096/?
of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial species, with zones of inhibition fbclid=IwAR300km9XSzbw37ZGIkrGjUi6TAb58pRiocprSdJU
ranging from 8.0 ± 1.0 mm to 20.7 ± 5.5 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration DR-gtJCybSq1B-5KRg
(MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the plants were found to be
3.13 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. These differences in activity are attributed to
varying concentrations of bioactive constituents such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids,
and terpenoids present in the extracts. The use of these plants could contribute to
improved personal hygiene, as they have shown effectiveness against different
bacterial agents and are readily available in rural areas.

19.
The study focused on finding new antimicrobial agents due to the increasing
resistance of bacteria to current antibiotics. Nine plants from Ethiopia were selected
for evaluation. Plant extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against both
standard bacterial strains and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Two plants, C.
asiatica and S. marianum, displayed high activity against standard bacterial strains. C.
asiatica's ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against both
Manilal, A., Sabu, K. R., Tesfaye, A., Teshome, T., Aklilu, A.,
Seid, M., & Kayta, G. et al., (2023). Antibacterial Activity
Against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Nine Plants
from Chencha, Southern Ethiopia. Infection and Drug
Resistance, Volume 16, 2519–2536.
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The same extract was effective against six
MDR clinical isolates, with low MIC and MBC values. Time-kill assays showed inhibition
of MRSA at 4× and 8× MIC within 2 hours. The LD50 values of C. asiatica and S.
marianum against Artemia salina were 3.05 and 2.75 mg/mL, respectively. These
results support the potential use of C. asiatica and S. marianum as antibacterial agents
in traditional medicine.
20.
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health concern, leading to numerous
deaths annually. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial properties of combined
extracts from Kenyan medicinal plants against medically significant microorganisms.
The extracts from Aloe secundiflora, Toddalia asiatica, Senna didymobotrya, and
Camellia sinensis were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The combinations of these extracts displayed diverse
antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The most effective combination was
methanolic C. sinensis and A. secundiflora against E. coli and methanolic C. sinensis
and S. didymobotrya against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA. The
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the extract combinations ranged from
10,000 µg/well to 156.25 µg/well. The study concluded that the combined extracts
showed promising antibacterial activity, providing a potential avenue to combat
antimicrobial resistance.
21.
The study aimed to address the side effects and increasing microbial resistance to
synthetic drugs by exploring phytomedicine. The active phytocomponents of Mimosa
pudica were identified through quantitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial
activity of the Ethanolic extract was tested using the Well diffusion method against
Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia
coli, and Mycobacterium.
22.
The study focused on the phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts from Mimosa
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
370303581_Antibacterial_Activity_Against_Multidrug-
Resistant_Clinical_Isolates_of_Nine_Plants_from_Chencha
_Southern_Ethiopia
Odongo, E. A., Mutai, P. C., Amugune, B. K., Mungai, N. N.,
Akinyi, M. O., & Kimondo, J. (2023). Evaluation of the
antibacterial activity of selected Kenyan medicinal plant
extract combinations against clinically important bacteria.
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23(1).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
369758881_Evaluation_of_the_antibacterial_activity_of_s
elected_Kenyan_medicinal_plant_extract_combinations_a
gainst_clinically_important_bacteria
Ahuchaogu, A. A., Chukwu, O. J., Obike, A. I., Oha, T. U., &
Echeme, J. O. (2017). Quantitative Determination of
Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of
Mimosa Pudica. International Journal of Medicinal Plants
and Natural Products, 3(2).
https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijmpnp/v3-i2/1.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR29wLXWHo3Fo7kCBaiKKFExLYi5wEDK75TD3obs
MS37sV0DzWJ-Id7inP4
Mohan, S., Pandey, B., & Rao, S. (2015). Phytochemical
Analysis and Uses of Mimosa pudica Linn. in Chhattisgarh.
pudica leaves. The analysis revealed the presence of active constituents such as IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food
alkaloids and tannins, which are responsible for the plant's antimicrobial properties. Technology (IOSR-JESTFT).
Mimosa pudica has traditional uses in various diseases related to blood and bile,
including bilious fever, piles, jaundice, leprosy, ulcer, and smallpox. The ethanolic https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jestft/papers/SSSSMHB/
extracts from both leaves and roots were obtained using a soxhlet apparatus, and Volume-3/paper%2032.pdf?
phytochemical studies showed the presence of tannins and proteins in both samples. fbclid=IwAR3uSjndG8JBl8UrcXKtEFWfn4AvrJeBIEuy_sZOu0
UtWawaHIOYtwYvNoo

23.
Flavonoids, widely found in various natural sources, have been used in traditional Cushnie, T. T., & Lamb, A. J. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of
medicine for centuries. They are now gaining attention for their potential as anti- flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,
infective agents, with research identifying flavonoids with antifungal, antiviral, and 26(5), 343–356.
antibacterial properties. Studies have established a link between flavonoid structure
and antibacterial activity, and some flavonoids can act synergistically with each other https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
or with existing chemotherapeutic agents. Specific flavonoids, such as quercetin, 7446344_Antimicrobial_activity_of_flavonoids
sophoraflavone G, and licochalcones A and C, have been studied for their antibacterial
mechanisms. These findings may lead to the development of new pharmacologically
acceptable antimicrobial agents based on flavonoids.
24.
The study screened the antimicrobial activities of crude ethanolic extracts from five Khan, R., Islam, B., Akram, M., Shakil, S., Ahmad, A., Ali, S.,
plants against multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Siddiqui, M., & Khan, A. U. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of
and Candida albicans. Additionally, ATCC strains of various bacteria and fungi were Five Herbal Extracts Against Multi Drug Resistant (MDR)
tested. The most resistant strains to antibiotics were selected for an antibacterial Strains of Bacteria and Fungus of Clinical Origin. Molecules,
assay. Among the tested plants, Acacia nilotica, Syzygium aromaticum, and Cinnamum 14(2), 586–597
zeylanicum showed sensitivity against the multidrug-resistant strains, while Terminalia
arjuna and Eucalyptus globulus extracts exhibited strong resistance. The extracts were https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/2/586
more effective against community-acquired infections than nosocomial infections. A.
nilotica demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity (MIC range: 9.75-313
µg/ml), outperforming other plant extracts against both types of infections. The study
suggests that A. nilotica, C. zeylanicum, and S. aromaticum have potential applications
against multidrug-resistant microbes causing nosocomial and community-acquired
infections.
25.
Mimosa pudica L., commonly known as the sensitive plant, has significant medicinal Ramesh, S., Muruganantham, P. et al., (2018). IN VITRO
 properties. The antibacterial activity of root and leaf extracts was tested against ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF
pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF MIMOSA PIDUCA L. Life Science
pyogensis, and Klebsilla pneumonia. The ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of both root Informatics Publication
and leaf showed good antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) value of 18 ± 0.67 µl / MIC for a concentration of 100 µl. The plant extracts also http://www.rjlbpcs.com/article-pdf-downloads/
exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging, with ethyl acetate 2018/22/404.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2cIC8PY7INqWfNYEr-
extracts of M. pudica roots showing the highest antioxidant activity at 81.79 ± 4.77% ZnPwQ3dIcgm_W3ruScq1Ebj2UTthyOPMiE3di8o
inhibition. These results suggest that Mimosa pudica could be a potential source of
natural antibacterial and antioxidant substances for medicinal purposes.

Foreign Related Studies

SUMMARY
1.
The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the leaf and root extracts
of Mimosa pudica against selected bacteria. Different solvents were used to prepare
the extracts, and various concentrations of the extracts were tested using the disc
diffusion method. The results showed that the leaf and root extracts exhibited
antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, with zone of inhibition diameters
ranging from 8 mm to 26 mm. The highest antibacterial activity was observed with 5
mg concentrations of both leaf and root extracts. The benzene leaf extract showed the
maximum zone of inhibition against Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae. The acetone root extract exhibited the lowest zone of
inhibition against E. coli and Proteus mirabilis, while the aqueous leaf extract had the
lowest zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae. The study suggests that the leaf and
root of Mimosa pudica have antibacterial potential and could be a source for the
discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds.
2.
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mimosa pudica leaves extract as
an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
MRSA is known for its resistance to antibiotics, particularly β-lactam-type antibiotics
like penicillin. Mimosa leaves contain polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids,
Resources
Vijayalakshmi, K., Udayakumar, R. (2018)
Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Root of M. pudica L.
against Selected Human Pathogenic Microorganisms.
Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1(2)
https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/
antibacterial-activity-of-leaf-and-root-of-im-pudica-li-
against-selected-human-pathogenic-microorganisms.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR0_P0KuO7dpqcOkKWQbe-
kM6gQWb18F2v2u7x6v-AHgPeW_SJOmBlotY7g
Khalish, V. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Mimosa pudica
Linn. extract against mecA gene of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Clinical and Cellular
Immunology
terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which have been studied for their antibacterial
effects through various mechanisms. The study used MRSA isolates and treated them
with ethanol and hexane extracts of mimosa leaves. The results showed that the
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the hexane extract was 30 mg/ml, while
for the ethanol extract, it was 20 mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration
(MBC) was not determined for the hexane extract, but for the ethanol extract, it was
found to be 100 mg/ml. In silico analysis revealed potential factors that could help
improve and address the issue of drug resistance in MRSA. Overall, the study suggests
that mimosa leaves extract can be used as an antibacterial agent against MRSA.
3.
This study focused on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of Mimosa
pudica L., a creeping herbaceous ornamental plant from the Mimosaceae family. The
researchers obtained materials from databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley,
Springer, and Google Scholar, using specific keywords. The inclusion criteria were
limited to papers published in the English language between January 2001 and
December 2022.
The study found that Mimosa pudica and its bioactive components exhibit a wide
range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, wound
healing, anxiolytic, anthelminthic, antiophidian, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, anti-
inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. These activities are likely attributed
to the various bioactive compounds present in Mimosa pudica. The findings suggest
that Mimosa pudica has significant therapeutic potential for treating various diseases,
including life-threatening conditions like cancer and diabetes. However, the lack of
clinical trials and quality control studies in the literature highlights the need for further
research to establish safe and effective doses for disease prevention and treatment.
4.
The current investigation aimed to review the pharmacological activity of Mimosa
pudica (Linn.), a herb belonging to the Mimisace family. Mimosa pudica is known by
various names such as the sensitive plant, humble plant, shame plant, and more. The
entire plant, particularly the roots and leaves, exhibits significant pharmacological and
medicinal properties. It has shown anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic,
antioxidant, wound healing, diuretic, anticancer, and anticonvulsant activities.
Traditionally, Mimosa pudica has been used to treat urogenital disorders, piles,
https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/antimicrobial-
activity-of-mimosa-pudica-linn-extract-against-meca-gene-
of-methicillinresistant-staphylococcus-aureus-58648.html?
fbclid=IwAR0fhlKqwG5Za7GYfr9wCT0T4GBRgqZAmH_Jfvw
mgiS_IZ1VRqffdisAfB4
Oluwapelumi, A. E., Iweala, E. J., Otike, J. O., Dike, E. D.,
Uche, M. E., Owanta, J. I., Ugbogu, O. C., Chinedu, S. N., &
Ugbogu, E. A. (2023b). Ethnomedicinal uses,
phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and
toxicological effects of Mimosa pudica- A review.
Pharmacological Research, 7, 100241.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S2667142523000271?fbclid=IwAR31_ueloc-NcpOtfRPaSZD-
z60GTHtESvhtYJOBDNM-vMyzcapl5iQfhY0
Tripathi, A., Soni, R., & Verma, S. (2022). A Review on
Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological
Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mimosa pudica
(Linn.). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology,
4293–4299.
https://rjptonline.org/HTML_Papers/Research%20Journal
dysentery, sinus issues, and wounds. This study aims to explore and compile the %20of%20Pharmacy%20and%20Technology__PID__2022-
diverse pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of Mimosa pudica reported in 15-9-81.html?
existing literature. fbclid=IwAR1l7qx9LJX1XEfOgpaGsdYadpHYfyoddwTAfb4hO
1EiVvS0xkrWdFEL9kM
5.
The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Mimosa pudica thorns were investigated for Lakshmibai, R., & Amirtham, D. (2018). ANTIMICROBIAL
their antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi. Preliminary ACTIVITY OF MIMOSA PUDICA THORNS. International
phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, Research Journal of Pharmacy, 9(6), 202–206.
glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and coumarins. The extracts were tested at different
concentrations against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. The results showed that both the 326551171_ANTIMICROBIAL_ACTIVITY_OF_MIMOSA_PUDI
ethanolic and aqueous thorn extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity, with Escherichia CA_THORNS
coli showing the highest zone of clearance. Among the two extracts, the aqueous
thorn extract displayed the highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and
Candida albicans. The study suggests that the antimicrobial activity may be attributed
to the presence of phytoconstituents in the extracts, and further research can be
conducted on plant-derived antimicrobials.

6.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude leaf Mondol, U., Islam, W. (2019). Antibacterial Potency of
extracts of Mimosa pudica against seven pathogenic bacteria. Four solvents Crude Extracts ANTIBACTERIAL POTENCY OF CRUDE
(petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol) were used for extraction. EXTRACTS OF MIMOSA PUDICA L. LEAVES. Journal of Life
The antibacterial potency was determined using the agar disc diffusion method, and and Earth Science, 14(2):33-37
the zones of inhibition were compared with the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin.
Among the solvents, chloroform extract exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
against the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract showed 348894958_Antibacterial_Potency_of_Crude_Extracts_AN
the highest antibacterial efficacy against the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella TIBACTERIAL_POTENCY_OF_CRUDE_EXTRACTS_OF_MIMO
paratyphi and Shigella boydii, indicating broad-spectrum activity. The susceptibility SA_PUDICA_L_LEAVES
order of the solvent extracts was chloroform > ethyl acetate > petroleum ether >
methanol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the chloroform
extract ranged from 64 µg/ml to 256 µg/ml, while the MIC values of the ethyl acetate
extract ranged from 64 µg/ml to 256 µg/ml. Overall, the study highlights the
antibacterial potential of Mimosa pudica extracts against a range of pathogenic
bacteria.
7.
Plants have long been used as a source of medicinal raw materials, and natural
products are increasingly valued for their potential as antimicrobials and for new drug Rathnamal, A. (2019). Determine the anti-bacterial
discoveries. Mimosa pudica, commonly known as the sensitive plant, is a traditional properties of mimosa pudica against selected micro-
Ayurvedic herb with various medicinal uses. It is believed to have anticancer organism by plating. International Journal of Advanced
properties due to its alkaloid mimosine, along with other beneficial secondary Research and Review.
metabolites such as tannins, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and glycosylflavones. In
this study, the antibacterial effects of aqueous extracts from the roots and flowers of https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
Mimosa pudica were evaluated using the well diffusion method against bacterial 341833343_International_Journal_of_Advanced_Research
cultures of E. coli, Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. However, the results showed _and_Review_DETERMINE_THE_ANTI-
no significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, with no zone of BACTERIAL_PROPERTIES_OF_MIMOSA_PUD
inhibition observed. The extracted DNA from the plant was found suitable for further
analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The study highlights the potential
therapeutic benefits of Mimosa pudica and emphasizes the need for
commercialization in accordance with WHO guidelines for the well-being of humanity.
While the plant has been widely used in traditional and folk medicine, it is important
to address the emerging challenge of multidrug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.
8.
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mimosa pudica leaves extract as Khalish, V. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Mimosa pudica
an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Linn. extract against mecA gene of methicillin-resistant
MRSA is known for its resistance to antibiotics, particularly β-lactam-type antibiotics Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Clinical and Cellular
like penicillin. Mimosa leaves contain polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, Immunology
terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which have been studied for their antibacterial
effects through various mechanisms. The study used MRSA isolates and treated them https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/antimicrobial-
with ethanol and hexane extracts of mimosa leaves. The results showed that the activity-of-mimosa-pudica-linn-extract-against-meca-gene-
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the hexane extract was 30 mg/ml, while of-methicillinresistant-staphylococcus-aureus-58648.html?
for the ethanol extract, it was 20 mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration fbclid=IwAR0fhlKqwG5Za7GYfr9wCT0T4GBRgqZAmH_Jfvw
(MBC) was not determined for the hexane extract, but for the ethanol extract, it was mgiS_IZ1VRqffdisAfB4
found to be 100 mg/ml. In silico analysis revealed potential factors that could help
improve and address the issue of drug resistance in MRSA. Overall, the study suggests
that mimosa leaves extract can be used as an antibacterial agent against MRSA.
9.
The whole plant of Mimosa pudica was obtained and processed to obtain Chole, R., Balsaraf, S. (2014). Antibacterial efficacy of
different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 5%) of its extract using distilled water. The Mimosa Pudica (Lajavanti) against streptococcus mutans.
extract was filtered and preserved at a temperature of 20°C after identification and Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry.
confirmation of the strain. The culture of Streptococcus mutans was revived from 12(4) : 317-319
freeze-dried ampoules obtained from MTCC. The growth of the culture was confirmed
using McFarland's turbidity standards. To test the efficacy of the mimosa extract, agar https://www.jiaphd.org/article.asp?issn=2319-
well method was used. BHI agar enriched with blood was used as the culture media. 5932%3Byear%3D2014%3Bvolume%3D12%3Bissue
Four wells were made on agar plates, and different concentrations of the mimosa %3D4%3Bspage%3D317%3Bepage%3D319%3Baulast
extract (10 μl each) were transferred into three of the wells. A well containing %3DBalsaraf&fbclid=IwAR3ZM6zI-yJkJ50Vt-
chlorhexidine mouthwash was used as the control for comparison. The growth maZFYE6H68uql-icf3cY4Ktw9ZdoYmGaWOFMuOER0
inhibition of Streptococcus mutans was evaluated based on the effects of the extract
and the control.
10.
The aim of the study was to extract Chlorophyllin from Mimosa pudica and investigate Rajalakshmi, K., & Banu, N. (2016). ANTIMICROBIAL
its antimicrobial properties. The researchers conducted in vitro experiments using the ACTIVITY OF NATURAL CHLOROPHYLLIN FROM
well diffusion method to assess the antimicrobial activity of chlorophyllin derived from ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT MIMOSA PUDICA L.
Mimosa pudica leaf extract. They tested it against various human pathogenic International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
microorganisms, including two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sciences, 8(4), 387–389.
Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella
pneumoniae), and one fungal pathogen (Candida albicans). The chlorophyllin https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijpps/
extracted from Mimosa pudica's leaves displayed notable antimicrobial activity against article/view/10554/4949?
the tested microorganisms, with inhibition zones ranging from 9 mm to 18 mm at fbclid=IwAR3XLEQ9C4_jjXmqjRNT95qDdw7_perWTAscJc6b
concentrations of 25-100 μg/ml. The study demonstrated that the natural E26xXobffe6Dbe32T60
Chlorophyllin obtained from Mimosa pudica exhibited significant antimicrobial activity
against all five pathogenic test microorganisms. This finding suggests the potential use
of Chlorophyllin as an effective agent against various harmful pathogens.
11.
The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of crude leaf extracts from Mondol, U., Islam, W. (2019). Antibacterial Potency of
Mimosa pudica L. against seven human pathogenic bacteria. Four solvents (petroleum Crude Extracts ANTIBACTERIAL POTENCY OF CRUDE
ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol) were used for extraction. The EXTRACTS OF MIMOSA PUDICA L. LEAVES. Journal of Life
antibacterial potency was assessed using the agar disc diffusion method, and the and Earth Science, 14(2):33-37
zones of inhibition were compared to the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. The
chloroform extract showed the highest antibacterial efficacy against the gram-positive https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, while the methanol extract exhibited the highest 348894958_Antibacterial_Potency_of_Crude_Extracts_AN
efficacy against the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella boydii, TIBACTERIAL_POTENCY_OF_CRUDE_EXTRACTS_OF_MIMO
indicating broad-spectrum activity. The order of susceptibility for the solvent extracts SA_PUDICA_L_LEAVES
was chloroform > ethyl acetate > petroleum ether > methanol. The minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of chloroform extract were 256 µg/ml against
Salmonella paratyphi, 128 µg/ml against E. coli and Bacillus cereus, and 64 µg/ml
against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values for ethyl acetate extract were 256
µg/ml against E. coli, 128 µg/ml against Salmonella paratyphi and Bacillus cereus, and
64 µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus.
12.
Traditional medicinal plants like Mimosa pudica have been recognized for their Lakshmibai, R., & Amirtham, D. (2018). ANTIMICROBIAL
antimicrobial properties. In this study, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Mimosa ACTIVITY OF MIMOSA PUDICA THORNS. International
pudica thorns were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The Research Journal of Pharmacy, 9(6), 202–206.
extracts showed the presence of various phytochemicals, including flavonoids,
saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and coumarins. Escherichia coli displayed https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
the highest zone of clearance with both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The aqueous 326551171_ANTIMICROBIAL_ACTIVITY_OF_MIMOSA_PUDI
thorn extract exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and CA_THORNS
Candida albicans at 100 µg/well. The findings suggest that the phytoconstituents may
contribute to the antimicrobial activity, warranting further research on plant-derived
antimicrobials.
13.
Plants, including Mimosa pudica, have been traditionally used as sources of raw Rathnamali (2019). International Journal of Advanced
materials for medicine, and their natural products are increasingly valued for their Research and Review DETERMINE THE ANTI-BACTERIAL
potential antimicrobial properties. Mimosa pudica, also known as the sensitive plant, PROPERTIES OF MIMOSA PUDICA PLANT AGAINST
has various traditional uses in Ayurveda, including the treatment of cancer, diabetes, SELECTED MICRO-ORGANISMS BY PLATING. International
hepatitis, obesity, and urinary infections. The plant contains valuable secondary Journal of Advanced Research and Review
metabolites such as mimosine (an anticancer alkaloid), tannins, steroids, flavonoids,
triterpenes, and glycosylflavones. The study aimed to identify the antibacterial effects https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
of aqueous extracts from the roots and flowers of Mimosa pudica. However, the in- 341833343_International_Journal_of_Advanced_Research
vitro antibacterial activity showed no significant effect against the tested bacteria. _and_Review_DETERMINE_THE_ANTI-
Despite this, the plant's potential in therapeutics and its commercialization in line with BACTERIAL_PROPERTIES_OF_MIMOSA_PUDICA_PLANT_AG
WHO guidelines are considered desirable due to its traditional use and the emergence AINST_SELECTED_MICRO-ORGANISMS_BY_PLATING
of multidrug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.
14.
The researchers conducted a study to evaluate the antibacterial activity of different Tsuchiya, H., Sato, M., Miyazaki, T., Fujiwara, S., Tanigaki, S.,
substituted flavanones derived from Leguminosae plants against methicillin-resistant Ohyama, M., Tanaka, T., & Iinuma, M. (1996). Comparative
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They determined the minimum inhibitory study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical
concentrations (MICs) of these flavanones on clinical isolates of MRSA using a serial flavanones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
agar dilution method. The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that aureus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 50(1), 27–34.
flavanones with 2',4'- or 2',6'-dihydroxylation on the B ring and 5,7-dihydroxylation on
the A ring exhibited significant anti-MRSA activity. Additionally, flavanones substituted https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
with specific aliphatic groups at the 6- or 8-position showed enhanced antibacterial 0378874196855140
activity. Among the thirteen flavanones tested, tetrahydroxyflavanones from Sophora
exigua and Echinosophora koreensis, possessing the mentioned structural
characteristics, demonstrated potent inhibitory effects against all MRSA strains at
concentrations of 3.13-6.25 μg/ml. These findings suggest that these specific
hydroxyflavanones could be valuable in developing phytotherapeutic strategies
against MRSA infections.
15.
In this study, researchers compared the antimicrobial properties of extracts from Nostro, A., Germanò, M. P., D’Angelo, V., Marino, A. D., &
medicinal plants obtained by two different methods. They screened the antimicrobial Cannatelli, M. (2000). Extraction methods and
activity of extracts from six plants using a disc diffusion test against Gram-positive, bioautography for evaluation of medicinal plant
Gram-negative, and fungal organisms. The most active extracts, which exhibited an antimicrobial activity. Letters in Applied Microbiology,
inhibition diameter of 12 mm or more, were further analyzed for their minimum 30(5), 379–384.
inhibitory concentration. Additionally, these extracts underwent phytochemical
screening through thin-layer chromatography and bioautography. The results https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
indicated that the diethyl ether extracts were the most effective antimicrobial 12524056_Extraction_methods_and_bioautography_for_e
compounds. The activity was particularly prominent against Gram-positive and fungal valuation_of_medicinal_plant_antimicrobial_activity
organisms, rather than Gram-negative bacteria. The bioautography analysis suggested
that the antimicrobial activity of the extracts could be attributed to the presence of
flavonoids and terpenes. Overall, this study demonstrated the superior antimicrobial
efficacy of diethyl ether extracts from the studied medicinal plants, mainly against
Gram-positive and fungal organisms, potentially due to the presence of flavonoids and
terpenes. These findings provide valuable insights for utilizing these extracts in the
development of natural antimicrobial agents.
16.
The study investigated the potential of methanol extracts from three Iranian endemic Soltanian, S., Sheikhbahaei, M., Mirtadzadini, M., &
species of Acantholimon (A. austro-iranicum, A. serotinum, and A. chlorostegium) in Khandani, B. K. (2020). Evaluation of anticancer, antioxidant
terms of anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The extracts showed and antibacterial properties of methanol extract of three
moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cells, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Acantholimon Boiss. species. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of
They also exhibited significant antioxidant activity and demonstrated stronger Open Access Journals), 10(6), 641–652.
antibacterial effects against Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive
bacteria. These findings suggest the potential of these Acantholimon species as https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7711296/
sources of bioactive compounds for various therapeutic applications.

17.
The study investigated the antibacterial and anti-Toxoplasma potential of Aspergillus
niger, an endophytic fungus from Ficus retusa. The fungal extract showed antibacterial
activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, disrupted their membrane potential, and
affected biofilm formation. In vivo experiments demonstrated its anti-Toxoplasma
potential, reducing mortality in mice and causing deformities in the parasite while
reducing inflammation. The findings highlight A. niger endophytic fungi as a valuable
source of bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial and anti-Toxoplasma
properties.
Moglad, E. H., Elekhnawy, E., Negm, W. A., Eliwa, D., Younis,
S. S., Elmansory, B. M., Mahgoub, S., Ahmed, E. A., & Al-
Fakhrany, O. M. (2023). Antibacterial and anti-Toxoplasma
activities of Aspergillus niger endophytic fungus isolated
from Ficus retusa: in vitro and in vivo approach. Artificial
Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, 51(1), 297–308.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37224186/

18.
The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory Yirgu, A., Mekonnen, Y., Eyado, A., Staropoli, A., & Vinale, F.
properties, and phytochemical constituents of an aqueous extract of Viscum (2022). Biological activities of Viscum tuberculatum
tuberculatum A. Rich. from Ethiopia. The antibacterial activity of the extract was aqueous leaf extract. Pharmaceutical Biology, 61(1), 30–36.
tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus,
showing significant activity against S. aureus. The extract displayed low toxicity in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36537592/
mice, and at a 400 mg/kg dose, it exhibited a notable anti-inflammatory effect. The
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various metabolites, including
flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. The study highlights the potential
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of V.
tuberculatum.
19.
This study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on
against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogenic bacterium causing invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae
pneumococcal diseases. Among the 13 medicinal plants tested, the ethyl acetate
extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity Wisnu Tafroji et al. PLoS One. 2022.
with an MIC value of 0.16 mg/ml. The extract also exhibited bactericidal activity after
1 hour of incubation. The study explored the mechanism of action of the extract, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36099236/
revealing bacterial lysis, antibiofilm activity, and ultrastructure changes, including
disruption of the cell wall, decreased cell membrane integrity, and morphological
disorder. Additionally, the expression of lytA and peZ genes were affected by the
extract, and phenolic compounds were identified as the commonest compound in the
L. inermis ethyl acetate extract. These findings highlight the potential of L. inermis as a
promising source of antibacterial agents against S. pneumoniae with various
mechanisms of action.

20.
This study focuses on the antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants against Adnan, M., Bibi, R., Tariq, M. et al., (2014). Ethnomedicinal
Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Pakistan, as E. coli's resistance to antibiotics is increasing. and phytochemical review of Pakistani medicinal plants
The research includes extracts from 34 ethnomedicinally valuable Pakistani plants used as antibacterial agent against Escheriria coli. Ann Clin
tested for their in-vitro anti-E. coli activities. Methanolic extracts were found to have Microbiol Antimicrob
higher inhibitory activities against E. coli compared to n-hexane and aqueous extracts.
Increasing the concentration of methanolic extract significantly enhanced its anti-E. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135359/
coli effects. The study suggests exploring other solvents for extracting medicinal plants
and conducting phytochemical investigations to discover potential new drugs.
21.
This paper investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of leaves
extracts from three citrus plants: Citrus microcarpa (calamansi), Citrus aurantium
(dalandan), and Citrus maxima (pomelo). All extracts showed antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus but not against Escherichia coli. Among the extracts, C.
microcarpa ethanol extract exhibited the highest zone of inhibition (13.53 mm), while
C. maxima ethanol extract had the lowest (11.26 mm). In terms of crude extracts, C.
maxima showed the widest zone of inhibition (10.49 mm). In the DPPH scavenging
assay, C. microcarpa had the highest scavenging activity (48.67%), followed by C.
maxima (43.51%), and C. aurantium had the lowest activity. C. microcarpa also had the
highest total phenolic content (309.38 mg AAE/g sample), while C. aurantium had the
lowest (228.21 mg AAE/g sample). These findings suggest that citrus leaves contain
valuable compounds with potential medicinal and pharmacological significance.
22.
This study investigated the antibacterial activity of three plants: Cymbopogon
schoenanthus, Cotula cinerea, and Francoeuria crispa. Extracts from the leaves of
these plants exhibited significant antibacterial activity against various Gram-negative
and Gram-positive bacteria. Francoeuria crispa extracts showed the strongest
antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that these plants could be valuable
natural sources for developing new chemotherapeutic drugs to treat infectious
diseases.
Dulay, R., De Castro, M. (2016). Antibacterial and
Antioxidant Activities of Three Citrus Leaves Extracts. Der
Pharma Lettre, 2016, 8(13):167-170
https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/
antibacterial-and-antioxidant-activities-of-three-citrus-
leaves-extracts.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2BhxDwuSDVYAyBZkkmAATnTMgochCZBOaL8-
qtOsm5_jMVV3dpwhBDXVo
Abubakr, E. et al., (2023). Antibacterial Activity of Some
Medicinal Plants against Some Bacteria Species and food
spoilage bacteria. Sebha University Journal of Pure &
Applied Sciences.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
370888612_Antibacterial_Activity_of_Some_Medicinal_Pla
nts_against_Some_Bacteria_Species_and_food_spoilage_b
acteria
23.
The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical diversity and classification of nine
medicinal plant species from the Tabuk region in Saudi Arabia. They also evaluated the
antibacterial potential of the plant extracts and examined the relationship between
phytochemical diversity and antibacterial activities. GC/MS was used to identify 160
different phytochemicals belonging to 30 compound classes in the plant extracts. A.
fragrantissima had the highest phytochemical diversity, while P. incisa had the lowest.
Ethanol performed better than other solvents in terms of antibacterial activity.
Pulicaria undulata and T. vulgaris showed the highest antibacterial activity. Gram-
positive bacteria were more sensitive to the plant extracts than Gram-negative
species. Phytochemical diversity and antibacterial activity against E. coli and P.
aeruginosa were positively correlated, with terpenoid and benzene & substituted
derivative contents showing significant positive correlations with antibacterial activity
against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively.
24.
This study investigated the antibacterial activity of four medicinal plants: guyabano,
tsaang gubat, sambong, and ulasimang bato, against common pathogens. Alcoholic
and aqueous leaf extracts were prepared and tested against various bacteria.
Guyabano extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against oxacillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus, while sambong extract exhibited inhibitory activity against
Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, tsaang gubat and ulasimang bato extracts did
not show significant antibacterial effects against the tested pathogens.
Khorshid, Z., Elbalola, A. (2023). Phytochemical Diversity,
Classification and Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal
Plant Species from Tabuk (Saudi Arabia). Chemistry &
Biodiversity
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
371946287_Phytochemical_Diversity_Classification_and_A
ntibacterial_Activity_of_Some_Medicinal_Plant_Species_fr
om_Tabuk_Saudi_Arabia
Maramba-Lazarte, C. C., Cavinta, L. L., & Sara, M. C. L.
(2020). Antibacterial Activity of Guyabano, Ulasimang Bato,
Sambong, and Tsaang Gubat Leaf Extracts against Common
Drug-resistant Bacteria. Acta Medica Philippina, 54(1).
https://actamedicaphilippina.upm.edu.ph/index.php/
acta/article/view/1087?fbclid=IwAR1jaFsJV-
LshQ4QFas_jmY1q4NNMGuoREaKydWoHgUuM82ScetrWn
VYnPU
25.
The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic Sunil, M., L, N., Maity, S. N., Pyadala, N., Mallepaddi, P. C.,
extracts of Mimosa pudica. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated Sai, S. K., & Polavarapu, R. (2016b). EVALUATION OF
against medically important bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF
Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using the MIMOSA PUDICA LEAVES. Mintage Journal of
agar disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated that Mimosa pudica exhibited Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, 25–27.
antibacterial activity, likely due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. This
suggests that these plants could be valuable in the discovery of bioactive natural https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
products for potential use in pharmaceutical research. 306065990_EVALUATION_OF_ANTIBACTERIAL_ACTIVITY_O
F_ETHANOLIC_EXTRACTS_OF_MIMOSA_PUDICA_LEAVES