CHAPTER 3

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

KEY POINTS
1. The length of line joining A and B is the distance between two points A
(x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is {(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2}.

2. The distance of a point (x, y) from the origin is (x2 + y2). The distance
of P from x-axis is y units and from y-axis is x-units.

3. The co-ordinates of the points p(x, y) which divides the line segment
joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m1 : m2 are

m 1x 2  m 2 x 1 m 1y 2  m 2 y 1
,
 m1 m 2 m1  m 2


m1
 as k : 1, k  m . 
we can take ratio
2
 
4. The mid-points of the line segment joining
 the points P(x1, y1) and
Q(x2, y2) is

 x1  x2 y1  y2 
 , 
 2 2 
5. The area of the triangle formed by the points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3)
is the numeric value of the expressions

1
 x  y  y 3   x 2  y 3  y 1   x 3  y 1  y 2   .
2 1 2
6. If three points are collinear then we can not draw a triangle, so the area
will be zero i.e.

|x1(y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)| = 0

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