Hydraulic Systems

Non-pressurized reservoir.

Reservoirs – Non-Pressurized

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Non-pressurized reservoir.

Reservoirs – Pressurized

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Components of an air-pressurized reservoir. Temperature & quantity sensors.

Reservoirs – Pressurized

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Reservoir pressurization module.

Reservoirs – Pressurization Module

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Operating principle behind a fluid-pressurized

hydraulic reservoir.

Reservoirs – Fluid Pressurized

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Bootstrap-pressurized hydraulic reservoir.

Reservoirs – Fluid Pressurized

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The hydraulic ground serive station on a Boeing 737 provides for hydraulic fluid servicing with a hand pump or via an
external pressure fluid source. All three reservoirs are serviced from the same location.

Reservoirs – Fluid Pressurized

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> Filtering:
> The extremely small clearance between components in many
hydraulic pumps and valves make effective filtering extremely
important.

> Microns:
> Filters are rated in the size particles they remove, and these sizes are
measured in microns.

> One micron is one millionth of a meter or 0.000039 inch.

> The unaided eye can see objects as small as 40 microns.

> Filters may be located within the reservoir, in the pressure line, in
the return line, or in any other location the designer of the system
decides that they are needed.

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Size comparison in microns.

Micron Type Filters

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> Types of Filters:
> Pleated Paper Micron Element:
> Filter element is replaced when removed.

> Stainless Steel Wire Woven Mesh:

> Filter element can be removed and cleaned.

> Cuno Filter:

> Consists of a stack of disks and spacers mounted on a rod, with a
cleaner blade between each of the disks.

> Can be manually cleaned by turning handle.

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Filter module.

Filtering Systems

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A transport category filter module with two filters.

Filtering Systems

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 Hydraulic Systems

Filter bypass valve.

Filter Bypass Valve & Differential Pressure Indicators

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> Hydraulic Pumps:
> All aircraft hydraulic systems have one or more power-driven
pumps.
> They may have a hand pump as an additional unit when the engine-
driven pump is inoperative.

> Power-driven pumps are the primary source of energy and may be
either:
> Engine driven

> Electric motor driven

> Air driven

> As a general rule, electrical motor pumps are installed for use in
emergencies or during ground operations.

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Double action hand pump.

Hand Pumps

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Rotary hand pump.

Hand Pumps

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Engine-driven pump. Electrically-driven pump.

Power Driven Pumps

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> Classification of Pumps:
> All pumps may be classified as either positive displacement or non-
positive displacement.
> Most pumps used in hydraulic systems are positive displacement.

> A constant-displacement pump forces a fixed quantity of fluid

through the outlet port during each revolution of the pump.
> The quantity of fluid delivered per minute depends upon pump
rotations per minute.

> When a constant displacement pump is used in a hydraulic system

in which the pressure must be kept at a constant value, a pressure
regulator is required.

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Gear-Type pump.

Gear Type Power Pump

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Gerotor pump.

Gerotor Pump

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Axial inline piston pump.

Piston Pumps

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Hydraulic pump shear shaft.

Engine Driven Pump Shaft

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Bent axis piston pump.

Engine Driven Pump Shaft

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Vane type power pump.

Vane Pump

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Normal pumping mode.

Variable-Displacement Pump

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Normal pumping mode.

Variable-Displacement Pump

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Depressurized mode.
Variable-Displacement Pump

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