tes INDICE capiTuLot : 1 VERB TO BE ALL FORMS + -? / SHORT ANSWERS / WH- QUESTIONS : 1.1, VERB TO BE 1.2. GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS. 1.2.1, GREETINGS 1.22. FAREWELLS. 4.3. OCCUPATIONS. +4 .ASKING AND GIVING PERSONAL INFORMATION 1.5. WH-QUESTIONS. 116 . INTRODUCING YOURSELF 4.6.1. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING, 1.7. ARTICLES AN AND A CAPITULO II DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE / POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES ... 2.1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES... 2.2, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES. 23, COUNTRIES, NATIONALITY AND LANGUAGES... 2.4. NUMBERS 28, TELLING THE TIME 28. DATE, 2.7. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME CAPITULO I feo PRESENT SIMPLE AND ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY ns 10 3, DAILY ROUTINES 10 3.2, DAYS OF THE WEEK meet aiet eit 3.3, AFFIRMATIVE FORM, 1" 3.4, NEGATIVE FORM 4 43.5, INTERROGATIVE FORM. 2 3,6, SHORT ANSWERS 2 3.7, ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY. 12 3.7.1. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY 2 3.8 EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY a capiTULoW PREFERENCES, CAN AND CONNECTORS, 4.1 TALKING ABOUT PREFERENCES. 13 4.2, ABILITIES, SPORTS AND FREE TIME ACTIVITIES. 14 43. MODAL VERB! CAN AND CANT. “4 43.1, AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES . 4.3.2, NEGATIVE SENTENCES. 4 14 4.3.3. QUESTIONS. 14 4.3.4 SHORT ANSWERS... 15 4.4, MONTHS AND SEASONS 15 4.5 CONNECTORS. 16 CAPITULO V. fa A PRESENT CONTINUOUS i see 16 15.1. GRAMMAR 16 SOCIALES: 1tes 5.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR ACTION HAPPENING NOW nan oAT 53 STATIVE VERES.. 18 5.4 PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS PRESENT SIMPLE... 18 5.5 VERBS NOT OFTEN USED IN THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS ssn 18 58 VOCABULARY: BODY PARTS 20 5.6.1 THE HAND AND FINGERS. 2 5.62 OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY. 2 5.7. VOCABULARY: CLOTHES. 2 5.8, VOCABULARY: COLORS 23 5.8.1 WORD ORDER WITH COLORS 23 CAPITULO VI 24 (COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES von 24 6.1. ONE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES, 28 6.2. ADJECTIVES WITH TWO OR MORE SYLLABLES...25 6.3 IRREGULAR FORMS... (1 RS 6.4 WEATHER, REGULAR AND REGULAR ‘ADJECTIVES. d 64.1. WEATHER, 6.4.2, NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 6.44 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES, ANNEXES, COMMON REGULAR VERBS. ‘COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS BIBLIOGRAPHY cco eee SRN Nae eB SOCIALES: feotes CAPITULO! VERB TO BE ALL FORMS + - ?/ SHORT ‘ANSWERS / WH- QUESTIONS 4.1. VERB TO BE The ver® to be means “ser” or ‘estar’, Here we have some important points for varb to be: Use capital tma student NOT. + yous singular and plural Ve Use he fora man, sho fora woman, and fora hing % Use they fr poopie and things. In contractions = amissingiatier, «9. m= am 144. POSITIVE FORM + Lam your friend, + Pm your friend, + You are 17 years old. + You're 17 years old. + He is Potor. + Ho's Potor. + She is Mary, + She's Mary + Itis.a pen, + I's pen. + Weare students. + We're students, + Youare inClass5. + You're in Class 5. + Theyare teachers, + They're teachers, 1.12. NEGATIVE FORM Lam not your friend You are not 17 years old. He is not Peter. ‘She is not Mary. Itis not a pen. We are not students. You are not in Class 5. feo I'm not your friend, You're not 17 years old. He's not Peter. ‘She's not Mary. It's nota pen. We're not students. You're not in Ciass 5. ‘They are not teachers, + They're not teachers. 113, INTERROGATIVE FORM 5 Yes, 1am. No, 'm not, . Yes, you are, No, you aren't. . Yes,he is No, he isn't : Yes, she is. No, she isn’t 5 Yes, itis. No, itisn’t SOCIALES: Yes, we are. No, we aren't Yes, they are. No, they aren't.tes feo Grammar Practice 1.2.2. FAREWELLS Complete the questions and answers. + Goodbye (Neutral lo formal) Rolando and Cesar friends? No, they ‘+ Take care / Take it easy / So long / Bye / See you ‘Vargas Llosa from Lima? No, he. (ess formal) + See you later / See you soon (i you plan fo see ‘someone again, soon) + Good / Nice to see you. (A greasing or a farewell 10 you English? No, we Barbara from York? No, she ‘someone you already know) + Nice meeting you. (Fo say good-bye (© someone 1.2. GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS poove haemarhcthe aligns. 424, BREETINGS: ‘© | Good night. (To say good-bye late at night or hone or ‘both of you is going to beg!) + Have a nice day / evening / weekend. (70 say joo. bye toa find or colleagus orto a custémer ina store the response could be: You oo) 5 A: HilMey. How are CSESICD |e ep & What would you say or write to a fiend in these pou J How're you doing? stations? er ae > You kSalyou are going to see your end again in yor B: Protty good, / OK. / Al soe Fine, thanks. HOW ight/1'm good... How about you? about you? > You ae watching TV wth yourperens, You leave the ving room In the evenng to go to bed ‘+ We sometimes use these greetings at diferenttimes of day: Good morning. / Good afternoon. / Good evening. (We don't use Good night as a greeting.) ‘+ When meeting someone forthe first time, we can say: Nice to meet you. (The answer could be Nice to mest you, too. / Same here.) SOCIALES: 2tes 1.3, OCCUPATIONS. dats & ooupell O~ £2 @oO at i = ££ OM 10 Policemen Former 3 ea... S =, macnd PO) ey Sl feo ‘+ Farmer - a porson that works on a farm, usually with ‘animale. ‘+ Firemar/Fire fighter - a person that puts out fires. ‘+ Lawyer - a person that defends people in court and gives legal aavice ‘© Scientist - a porson that works in the science industry, ‘They do many experiments, ‘+ Nurse - a person tained to help @ doctor look after the sick oF injured, 1.4. ASKING AND GIVING PERSONAL INFORMATION Personal. information questions are the basis for any conversation in English. They are important when you meet somebody forthe fis tine, 144. SOME COMMON QUESTIONS FOR DIFFERENT INFORMATION # Names Complete with: Pepe Figueroa - Jose A; What is your name? B: My name's ‘A: What is your sumame / lastname? B: My surname /lastname is ‘A: Do you have a nickname? B: Yes, my nickname is © Work & Occupation Complete with: Yes, | ike It - hospital - nurse ‘A: What do you do? Blama ‘A: Where do you work? SOCIALES: 3Tens B:l work at 1B: Do you like your job? 8: & Marital Status 1A: Aro you married I single? B: Yes, Lam. or No tm not ‘A: Do younave aboytrend / gritiend? B: Yes, Ido. oF No, I don't % Age 1A: How old are you? Blam years od ‘A: When is your bithcay? 1B: My birthday is on th © Others 'A: Where wore you bom? B: Iwas bom in 'A: What s your phone number? B: My phone number is A: Who do you lve with? B: Ive with my. 'A: Do you live in a house or an apartment? B:Iiveina/an [A: What is your e-mail address? B: My exmail address is 1.5. WH-QUESTIONS Couette cucu f them, Examples: Winen is your birthday? B:Itis on October 25" A: Whatiime ist? B:Itis sico clock > + Complete with: Wat Where — When Who w Is yourbest tend? BB: Marcos is my bos! frond. A are you from? B: | am from Arequipa A timo ie it? B:Itis si o clock SOCIALES: FASE 2tes feo 1,6. INTRODUCING YOURSELF 1.6.1, CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING. A. Write sentences using contractions. 4. My nickname is Pepe. 2. My dad is ftom Puno. 2 ‘Choose the correct option and write it to complete the sentences. 1. Pepe is a) 13 years ou b) 19 years ol ©) Syears old 2.Jose is from '@) Arequipa b) Puno : ©) Tacna . Answer these questions: everyone! My name is Jose, and +. Where is Jose from? everybody calls me Pepe. I'm nineteen years old and I'm new at this class. I'm from Tacna. My dad is from Puno and my mum is from 2, How oft she? Arequipa. My mobile number is 958025612. My favorite subjects are English and Math. | love basketball 3. What does he do? and listening to rock music. Nice to meet you all. Jose 4, Where is Jose's mum? SOCIALES: 5tes feo 1.7. ARTICLES AN AND A, CAPITULO It DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: THIS, THAT, and ate indefinite articles. They are usc THESE, THOSE / POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Identify nouns that are not definite and not specific. Example: (Take any pencil) 2.1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES. We use a oran only for singular nouns. LV, A demonstrative acjectve is an adjective used to speciicaly deserbe the positon of something or someone in space oF time. The mst commonly used demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these, and those. + Weuse a before consonant + We use an before vowel sounds. sounds (except iong u) 1 dog /a friend ‘an exam an onion/ NEAR | HERE FAR THERE ‘an umbrella + We use a before a sounded ha tong u, and o with the sound w. sounded. hat / house J union /2 snilonal prenes & (NOTE: words like historle-can take eithér a1 da) A + We use an when his not Uniform /a one hour aercoz-o ‘& * SOCIALES: 6 rpmerztes Demonstrative Adjectives Show Physical Location Demonstatve adjectives often show a noun’s physical location. This and thaee are closer to the epeaker, while that {and those are farther away, ‘A: Did you want this piace of cake? B: No, I want that one, ‘A: Do these dogs Ive here? B: Yes, those dogs live here, © Demonstrative Adjectives Show Placement in Time You can also use demonstrative adjectives to deserbe when something is happening. ‘This and these describe a very close time, while that and those doserbe a time thats further away. Can you meet up this Friday? [remember that day, even though twas years ago. ‘These weeks of vacation have been so relaxing, ‘Those high school years were the best ime of my lie Demonstrative Adjective + Noun This book Is big. These books are big. Demonstrative Pronoun + This abbig book. These big books. feo 2.2, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES ‘They are words that are used to show who owns or ‘possesses something, They are used to express possession or relatonship, ' my You your He his she her i its, We our You your They their 2.3. COUNTRIES, NATIONALITY AND LANGUAGES “The word ‘Nationality’ isnot often used in spoken English tis 2 formal and offciahword and it appears more frequently in wrlten English. You wil find the word ‘Nationality’ is used 2 lot inthe travel industry and for immigration + We almost never say: What is your nationality? + We usually say: Where are you from? OR Where do you ‘cometrom? + Totell someone your nationality My nationality is Chilean. /1\(9,V) 5 You say: I'm Chilean SOCIALES: 7tes COUNTRIES England ~ Inglaterra Ireland Irlanda Spain— Espana ‘The UK — Reino Unido Denmark Dinamarca Finland — Finlandia Poland - Polonia Scotland Escocia Sweden — Suecia Turkey —Turquia NATIONALITIES English - inglés Irish -irtandés Spanish - espanol British — britanico Danish - danés Finnish —finlandés. Polish ~ polaco Scottish escocés Swodish— sueco Turkish — tureo Australi Venezuela + China + Portugal Germany- Alemania Morocco Marruecos USA- Estados Unidos Japan - Japén feo + Australian - australiano + German- Aleman + Mexican- mexicano + Moroccan marroqui + American estadouidense + Venezuelan - venezolano + Chinese - chino + Portuguese ~ portugués + Japane: ponés France Francia + French - francés Greece-Grecia - Greek griego Holland— Holanda - Dutch -holandés COUNTRIES NATIONALITIES + Argentina + Argentinian — argentino 2ESOMBERS Sf ca Sm Goacas cea tone tt. eleven 24 twenty-one + Ecuador + Ecuadorian ~ecuatoriano 2two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two + Italy ~ Italia + Italian - italiano 3 three 13 thirteen, 30 thirty + Belgium-Bélgica + Belgian belga 4four ——14fourteen 40 forty + Bolivia + Bolivian —boliviano 5S five 15 fifteen 50 fifty + Colombia + Colombian colombiano 6 sk 1Gsixteen «60 sily + Norway—Noruega + Norwegian —noruego Tseven 17 seventeen 70 seventy eee tae) ceed B eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty Brine 19ninetoen 90 ninety 10ten 20 twenty 400 one hundred * SOCIALES 3tes 2.8. TELLING THE TIME five to five past ten past quarter past twenty past ‘wonty-five past 0 it's four o'clock. 4:08 It's eight past four. 4:15 It’s quarter past four. 36 I's thirty six past four. 30 It's four thirty. Its four forty eight. 4:50 It's four fifty. 5 It's five to five. feo 2.6, DATE March 7 March seventh MONTH + DAY 3/71/19 MONTH/ DAY! YEAR Wo always use Months always Years normally forainatnumbers for start with capital divided i the dat letters. 1 mst 2 second January 3 third February © foun ec 1984 3 ith ae ninoteen sightfour am ae teen eight-four 7 seventh une Exception: forthe a eighth ‘uly years from 2000 19 9 ninth August, 2010, we normally 40 tenth September say two thousand 44° eleventh ‘October ‘and pumber 420 twelth Novernber 49 thirteenth December 2006 218 twonty frst 2208 twenty-second two thousand 25" twenty-Fifth and six 30% thins SOCIALES: 9tes feo 2.7. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME CAPITULO III PRESENT SIMPLE AND ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY ee + Aspect tine cease Wie we te Sato at sl sbcesan Gerlod routines and habits, permanent states and things that eee eee eco My birthday non Octoberzsin, "ON Days puna 5 ee loc ere ON Dae = Q ee src 5 Qmstmaseinbacenbe, monte CI na + My parents live in Lima. eran read “IN Yore D Uirenssicetinthe tba ||P boosie) 31. 0atv novTmes aera enanne PCa 3 : Aiea eee Pioih ase pig HN T + My friend will be here in five + IN Time Period wake up get up a Le) es Ol hh #4 a < eat breaktost got goto, Salo ae cot lunch sleep SOCIALES: 10tes feo 3.2. DAYS OF THE WEEK Days always a) Add —s for most verbs Monday start with ! work ~> works, buy ~> buys, ride — rides, return We anal eee iy dina ce eereeeing nee eer Wednesday xor—z ea Thursday watch ~> watches, pass ~ passes, wash — Friday aon ; Seta eae een ae Saturday ‘the days of A study — studies, fly — flies, try — tires, carry Sunday the week. bbe —- is, do does, go > goes, have —» has 3.3, AFFIRMATIVE FORM AFFIRMATIVE FORM + 1 wateh television on Saturday. PERSONAL Jessica “gous _to university on Wednesday. PRONOUNS VERBS My dad works for abig company. do, take, play, ly, wash, 34, NEGATIVE FORM Tryou,we,they.he, nave, does, takes, plays, oem flies, washes, has NEGATIVE FORM - SUBJECT Modal verb VERE COMPLEMENT ' don't Watch television on Saturday. Jessica — doen't © g_touniversty on Friday. Mydad —Goosnt work fora big company. SOCIALES: "tes 3.8, INTERROGATIVE FORM. Do you watch television on Saturday? Does Jessica. go touniversity on Friday? Does mydad_— work for abig company? 3.6. SHORT ANSWERS Yes, Ps No, 1 dont, Yes, she does. Ne, she doeen't. You, he does. Ne, he doesn 3.7. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY We use adverbs of frequency to express how ‘often we do an activity or be in a state. We use expressions of frequency for the same reason being more specific with days, weeks, ‘months, ete. 3.7.1, ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY 100% always 90% usu 70% —often/ frequently ly wv feo + Everyday esis crnatenee + Every evening ~w 30% occasionally + Twicea week 10% seldom 4 Once amonth 5% hardly ever I rarely 0% never > Formost verbs: 1 Jessica My dad always frequently rarely watch television on Saturday. (goes touniversity on Friday. works fora big company. > Some adverbs can be placed differently. SOCIALES: sometimes cooks Mary cooks ‘cooks pizza pizza. pizza. sometimes. 2tes > For the vorb to bo: ' ‘am usually at home, Jessica is ‘often happy. My paronts are never_—_in Arequipa. 3.8 EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY > Expressions ofrequency go atthe end ofthe sentences, 1 watch Vv once a week. Jessica goes touniversity ——evervaav. My parents come toArequipa twice a month feo CAPITULO IV PREFERENCES, CAN AND CONNECTORS 4.4 TALKING ABOUT PREFERENCES We use verbs a8 LIKE, LOVE, DONT LIKE, HATE to ‘alk about preferences, We always add —ing to the ‘ext verb of our preferences. + Mike eating pizza. + Jomira loves watching fms. + My dad hates going to the gym. ' tke traveling tothe country. essiea doesnt li ‘going towork. Mary hates listening to heavy metal > For verb preferences questions work asin the present simple form Examples: ‘Do you tke going to'excursions? = Yes, Ido. = No, Leon't Does your dad hate working on Sunday? + Yes,hedoes. = No, he doesn't, SOCIALES: 3tes 4.2, ABILITIES, SPORTS AND FREE TIME m of ACTIVITIES. Hn ‘Clubbing : * © Playing layne videogames. footbal SS zs dh Reading Sunbathing SE Camping 4.3, MODAL VERB: CAN AND CAN'T 4.3.4, AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES We use CAN and CAN'T to talk about abil possibilities. Use the following verb in the BASE FORM. + Jessica can fish, + Lean't swim very well. + Can you play basketball? 1 can play You can 0 My dad can fish 4.3.2, NEGATIVE SENTENCES 1 can't play You can't 90 My dad can't fish 4.3.3, QUESTIONS can you play Can we eS Can your dad fish SOCIALES: chose. camping. very well ‘chess. ‘camping. very well chess? ‘camping? very well?Tens feo 4.3.4 SHORT ANSWERS, 4.4, MONTHS AND SEASONS Examples: We can go sunbathing in summer. We can't go ewimming in winter. lean go camping in August. ‘Can we go hiking in December? WINTER SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN SOCIALES: 15Tens on 4.5 CONNECTORS CAPITULO V PRESENT CONTINUOUS 5.1. GRAMMAR, Examples: Addition: | ke playing football and basketbal, Choice: Do you prefer saimming or hiking? The auxiliary ver (be) is conjugated in the Present Simple: Contrast: James joves traveling but he hates sunbathing am, are, is 7 Cause: | don't ke clubbing because I car't dance Effect: We love nature, s0 we can go camping, Present Continuous Tense now, at hemoment, su a! (anvis/are) + V-ing The main verb is invariable in prosent participle form: ing SOCIALES: 16tes Itis eating Weare staying They are sleeping ‘tthe base verb ends in consonant + strassed vowel + consonant, double the last eter: s t ° Pp consonant stressed vowel consonant Note that this exception does not apply ‘when the last syllable of the base verb is not stressed: + open ‘opening, stopping Sonn running + begin — beginning Ifthe base verb ends in 4e, change the “eo -: sie tying + die oying Ifthe base verb ends in vowel + consonant +e, omit the ‘come > coming + mistake + mistaking feo Note that continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the Present Continuous tense is sometimes called the Present Progressive tense. We use the present continuous to talk about: Activities at the moment of speaking: Tm just leaving work. be home in an hour. 5.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR ACTION HAPPENING NOW 8) For actions happening exactly now: 1am eating my lunch. past present —_ future The action is happening now. ») For actions happening around now: The action may not be happening exactly now, but itis happening just before and just after now, and itis not permanent or habitual, SOCIALES: 7tes John is looking for a new job. past present future ‘The action is happening around" now. Look at these examples: Muri! is learning to deve. fam living with my sister unt | find an apartment Example sentences withthe Present Continuous tense with positive, negative and question form: upyect AUXILIARY gees MAIN VERE. = ‘am ‘speaking —_toyou + You are reading this. = she isnot staying in London. = We ‘are not playing ‘football cn ho watching TV? 2 Ke they waiting for ohn? 5.3 STATIVE VERBS \We do not normaty use the continuous with stave verbs. Stative verbs incude: Vorbs of thinking and fooling: believe love recognize understand dislike hate remember want know prefer suppose. wish like realize think (= believe) Verbs of the senses: appear look seem fel sound taste 5.4 PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS PRESENT SIMPLE We can use the present simple to talk about things we do regularly. We can use the present continuous to talk about things we are doing now. ‘+ [play basketball every Sunday. ‘= Im playing hockey now. +) Sho eats fruit every day. + She's eating an apple now. For the present simple, add -s or -es for he, she and it. For the negative, use don't for |, you, we and they, and doesn't for he, she and. it ‘+ watch cartoons every day. I don't watch the news. My dad makes dinner every evening, He doesnt make lunch, For the present continuous, use am, is or are and ing. For the negative, use not. {im going to the park now. fm not going to school ‘She's studying English now. She isnt studying math SOCIALES: 18 feotes For present simple questions, use do for |, you, we and they and does for he, she and it. For present continuous questions, change the order of am, is or are and the person. ‘What time do you wake up every moming? + Doos she walk to school every day? + Ave you doing your homework now? + What she doing right now? + Permanent and temporary Compare {We use the present simple total ‘Sho lives with her about permanent facts ané general parents. truths. Inthis example we dot expect the situatonto change ‘We use the present continuous to tak ‘about someting temperary In this example wo do expect the situation to change, Compare ‘They speak Portuguese in general, permanent Brazil fart ‘A: What language are they speaking? It's happening now. | can B: They're speaking hear it Portuguese, Compare ‘Ageneral fact or characteristic ‘about Hani ‘An action around now. Hani smiles a ot. Whatare you smiling about? 5.5 VERBS NOT OFTEN USED IN THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS ‘Some verbs are normally used in the present simple and notin the present continuous. Here are some of them: know, suppose, think, understand (ental process verbs) ‘admire, adore, detest, hate, tke, respect (verbs oxpressing feaings) sel, taste (verbs describing the senses) consist, contain, last (verbs desorbiog permanent ‘ualtes) promise, swear (speech ect vorhs) You could ask Greg if he can help. He knows a bit ‘about cars, ---—~ Not: He's knowing-a-bi-about-cars. ‘Those batteries dont last very ong, ‘Not: Those batterios- aren't lasting vary ong. SOCIALES: 19 feotes Usually or now? We use the present simple for things that we usually do, and we use the present continuous for things that we are doing now. + Idon't usually watch documentaries, but I'm watching a documentary now. Temporary or pormanent? We use prosont simple when a situation is permanent or present continuous when a situation s temporary. + Lwork in an office. (Permanent situation.) ‘+ mworking in an office, (Temporary situation) + Llive in Edinburgh. (Permanent situation.) + Iimliving in Edinburgh. (Temporary situation.) + What do you do? / Whatare you doing? + What does Erik do? (Whatis his job?) + What is Erik doing? (What is he doing now, at the moment of speaking?) 5.6 VOCABULARY: BODY PARTS The Face eye, nose, mouth, ear, cheek, chin, nostri, eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash, lps. Mouth - you use your mouth to talk, to eat and to breathe. Nose - You can small things with your nose. You can also breathe through your nose. Nostrils- these are the two holes in your nose. ‘The Arm and Hand finger, palm, wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, shoulder, thumb The Leg and Foot: knee, leg, shin, calf (muscle), ankle, heel, foot, toe ankle - the joint between your leg and your foot. SOCIALES: 20 feoTens feo 5.6.2 OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY face - hair- tongue - tooth - back - waist- muscles Nock: This connects your head with your shoulders and the rest of your body. ‘Tongue: The muscle atthe bottom of your mouth that tastes things and helps you pronounce words ‘Wrinkles: The lines in your skin caused by age. Od people have a lot of wrinkies. Internal Parts of the Body Heart: Your heart pumps your blood around your body. ‘Lungs: When you breathe te air goes into your lungs. ‘Veins: These transpart blood through your body, They are ike Ite tubes. Brain: Ths is your thinking machine’ inside your head. “Throat: Food goes down this to get to your stomach Liver: The organ that clears your blood, ‘Stomach: Your fg0d)goes here when you swallow it ‘Kidneys: The organs that)provess all your body masie; ‘Skeleton: All ofthe bones in your body. Ribs: These are the bones that protect the organs in your 5.6.1 THE HAND AND FINGERS cheat. ioe Bones: Yourskoton cons ofmary bores. Thre ar sbut wi, Sartre iaor Rabie Skt cons smnox he ote bay and ap Key a he tee pel aeirheds Sse ease tap a 2 Tele SOCIALES: aTens 5.7. VOCABULAR' LOTHES. Engl vocabulary about clothes and thing you wear. We have included some footwear, underwear and accessories, A list of clothing and accessories with a description of ach item: Belt: A strip of leather or material wom around the waist. Blouse: A piece of clothing for women and girls thatis wom on the upper part of the body. Boots: A sturdy item of footwear covering the foot, ankle, and sometimes the lower part ofthe leg. Boxers (boior shorts) Men's underwear that. generally. fts loosely and is similar fv shape to shorts Cap: A type of sof, ight hat that has @ curved part sticking out atthe front of &. Sometimes its called a baseball cap, Coat: An outer piece of clothing that is worn over the top of other clothes for extra warmth, Dross:A piece of clothing (yy er wom a gir) that covers the lop hatf of the Body and nangs cown aver the lags. Gloves: A pioce of clothing wom.on the hands (ai v/s) for warmth or protection Hat: A covering for tne head vnc is worn for warmth, as 2 fashion item, or 2s part of @ uniform. Jacket: jacket is a short coat. I only extends tothe waist or the hips Jeane: Trousers made of denim that are worn informally Denim is a strong cotton cloth. Tradktionally jeane are blue cole. ‘Overalls (American English) ~ dungarees (British English) ants (American English) — trousers (British English). feo Sart: A length of fabric (usual w09!) wor around the neck or head shoulders) to keep the person warm, Shirt: An item of clothing that covers the upper part ofthe body. SOCIALES: EyTens FASE 2 5.8.1 WORD ORDER WITH COLORS © Colors - Colours vot EB cunt — oo" | ever Hi -~ Ei white seen BB cette al yetow SE os BB eee SOCIALES: 2tes CAPITULO VI COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES We use Comparatives and Superlatives to compare two or more nouns. ‘The formation of the comparative and superlative depends on the number of syllables in the adjective: 6.1. ONE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES ‘To form the comparative, we add -er tothe end ofthe acjactve. To form the superatve, we add -est othe end of the adjective. Adjective Comparative Superlative small smaller the smallest cold colder the coldest light lighter the lightest wide * wider the widest hat ** hotter the hottest feo + When an adjective ends in the letter E, we just add the -R (for comparatives) or -ST (for superlatives). We do not write two Es together. Wider (correct) not wider (incorrect). ** When an adjective ends in a consonant + ‘short vowel + consonant (C + V + C), we normally double the last letter. big - bigger - biggest, wet - wetter - wettest ‘+ London is bigger than Santiago. ‘Mike i taller than John but James i te tallest. Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. ‘Its the oldest bulding inthe vitage. want a faster car. Notice how comparatives are often followed by than when comparing two things or people. ‘Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y To form the comparative, we remove the -y and ‘add -ier to the end of the adjective. To form the superlative, we remove the y and add slestto the end of the adjective. 24Tens ‘+ Itwas the happiest day of my life. ‘+ My joke was funni than your one. ‘+ This section is easier than the rest. 6.2. ADJECTIVES WITH TWO OR MORE SYLLABLES For adjectives with 2 syllables (nat don't end in -y) and higher (G4 syllables ote, we use more for comparatives and the ‘most for supecatves. My oitriend is more beautiful than yours ‘Alex fs more intoligent than you but | am the most inteligent twas the most wonderful day Ihave ever had. Some exceptions with two-sylable adjectives ending in -or feo 6.3 IRREGULAR FORMS. ‘a better tennis player than you but Marcelo ie the best, + Steve is a worse lar than me but Adrian isthe worst Farther - Further Further farther, furhest/ farthest are all used for distance, Only Further / furthest are used to mean ‘addionat or ‘more advanced. + Puerto Monts further / farther than Valdivia is from here (in Sento), + (If you require further information, please gontact receplion, Remember that the opposites of ‘more’ and ‘most’ are “less! and least, respectively. 9" Older - Eldest \We use elder / eldest when we are taking about family relatonships and normally only before a noun (no! by sit unless is @ pronoun) ‘+ Heis my elder brother. (We cannot say: My-brothoris eldar than me. - incorrect) SOCIALES: 25tes ‘+ Tho eldost sister would pass on her dresses tothe younger one. 6.4 WEATHER, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES. 6.4.1. WEATHER In English, we usually use itis when we talk about the weather. ‘Tos is normally tis + adjective OR Itis + verb-ing It Is + adjective = A description of the weather ‘+ Its sunny today. ‘Its hot and humid today. + Ife. nee day today, We can also say: Itis a+ adjective + day (or moming / afternoon / + Its. fine day. + IfS.2 windy attemoon, Itis + verb-ing = This type of weather is happening now. + tts drizzling outside: Is snowing + Take an umbrella, + Cold stuf Blizzard: (noun) severe snowstorm with strong winds. Frost: (noun) a layer of smal ce crystals that forms on the ‘ound of other suraces when the temperate s cold, Hall: (verb) when frozen rain fais as small balls of ice (hailstones). ight) 8 ahing, feo Hallstones: (noun) the small hard balls of ice that fal from the sky ‘Snow: (noun / verb) frozen rain that falls from the sky 2s soft snowfiakes ‘Snowflake: (noun) an individual piece of snow Sleet: (nountverb) snow or hail mixed wih rain (often with some wind) 6.4.2. NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES Many times, when we are taking about the weather, we can add the letter - tothe end of a noun to make tan adjective. ‘in (noun) - rainy (adjective) ‘sun (noun) - sunny (adjective) \wind (noun) - windy (adttive) loud (noun) - cloudy (adjoctive) fog (noun) - foggy (adjective) SOCIALES: 26tes 6.4.4 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES Regular adjectives are the ones which form the comparative and the superlative by adding the suffixes "er’ and est’ or by adding more and most before the positive respectively. The adjectives given ‘above are all examples of reguiar adjectives. Examples: + Sweet, swecter, sweetest. + Weak, weaker, weakest. + Strong, stronger, strongest + Dangerous, more dangerous, most dangerous. + Comfortable, more comfortable, most comfortable. Irregular adjectives: For certain adjectives, the comparative and the ‘superlative cannot be formed from the positive, They are caled ineguar adjectives. Examples: + Good, better, bast. + Bad, worse, worst + Many, more, most. feo ANNEXES. COMMON REGULAR VERBS Present Past Parieigie Meaning, Tasep [Roped [scape ae Rt ced Reed iar ‘Achieve [Achieved ——[ Ronioved. ar SET ‘Ainice [mires ‘Aires idnvar ‘Advise [Advised advise ‘conser Bic Acted ‘Riacted vectar agree [agrees ‘Agreed corde ‘Answer ——[ answered ——[ Baswered’ ——Respondar ‘Agpeat [Appeared | Aopeared rece ar awed Beved fegor ak Asked Asked requrfar ‘Aitsck [aes wacked —— Waar [ake Bakes Baked joer Behave | Benaved | Benavea Driparaae Beteve | Boieved. Believed reer Bel Belonged | Beionged eneer Bowrow [Borrowed Borrowed. a0 Cal. Called Called Te Caneel —— | Cancetad | Cancel Csi Canes Carre evar Cause Causeo Caused ausa7 ‘Galena | Celebrate | Coebrated ‘eon Cleaned eared “mpiar [Giese Cesc eared carer i Timbo Timbo ar ma Cosas losed ar Compare | Compared | Compared —[Comparar ‘Compete | Competed | Competed [Como Canpleta | Cangleted | Congieted —[Parpteta Cantnue | Cantinues ——[ Continued ar Cok Tanke Cosked nar Carel —— | Camected | Correa eae Taunt Counted Couns ra rate [Great reales ross Crossed Grossed za ‘Change | Granged | Changed [bambior SOCIALES: aTens feo (checked eckad fear Thea Treat 7a [Damage [Damaged ——[Camaned r Tooke Looked Dance [Danced ‘Danced Loved Loved mar Decide [Decided Decded a Micha Match Depend [Depended | Depend der Measured [Measured Daserbe | Dessrbes | Deserbea rb Mniion | Wertioned ——| Mentioned [Mansa Dasign [Designed [Designed ——isarar Ws Missed Tiissed ara De Dee Died rr wove: Moved, Muse Discover | Discovered | Diseowsred —posenbar Nae Named Named ar sass | Bsoussed —| Discussed i Need Needed Needed sia Distut) ——[Dsturbed | Distroea ——[Votestor Note Noted Noted Dried ‘Dried ar Notico | Noticed Nosiced ras [-eimaate —Elirinatod Eliminated —Fminar Number’ ——| Numbered | Nonbored r ng Ended Ended erm [omer fre Ofierad ar Eno Enoved Enoved tar ‘pet Opened ‘Opened ar Fil File Filed era Ore Ordered ‘Ordered esenar Foe Fae Fed Feregiar Har ‘Organize | Organized | Organized ance Fle |Fatowss—| Fatwa Paint Painted Bairited tr F Fre Fred ar Pa Passes Passed ‘Guess | Geese ova Prevage | Porsuaded | Parsvaded —_Porsiaar Happen | appaned poder Pian Planned Barnes "anes Hate Fated C [i Played Piaves. om He Helped judo Precise | Praciced | Practicaa clea Hope: oped. ra Predict | Presietod | Predicted Precoor Teens [ideo Prefer [Preferred | Prefarrod —Pror Tagine [Imagined ———[ imagined’ ——[maginar Present | Presented | Preseried ST Impress [Inpressed impressed uprewanan Proarari | Poaenmed> | Pronrarined Programat Tnprove [improved iroved Protect | Proiedied__[Prolewed _ Profeger page ——inluded Tnelude ci Provide [Proves Provided Thexeaso—[ereased | Trereased ——urorfar Rin Rain Rai Ever Tetorviow Irtervewed | Intorvewed —Fnrovistar ["Recaiwe —| Rocsived | Resotvod Trvedues —[Tavodused | irodsoed —frrecicr [ee Rasommandeg | Recomended ar Tee inte Thies fata Rates Rated ar Jum. Jumoed lubed iar Rewed Read escarsar nook nosked. Knocked roe Remembered | —RemenbsredFtscordar Last Lasted ated rer Repaired —[ Regared rar Lear Ceained Learned ——Varendor Repealed ——[Reoeated a Tike ike Tike star Resist [Rested Resited or Tin Linked Tinea Rast Rested Resied scans Us. Usted Usted iar alum | Raurned ——[ Returned [rower stan stoned stoned 0ST Review | Reviened | Reviewed 7 SOCIALES: 8Tens feo ar a a [Ss aes es par save ved ved jorrar, Saver [Begin (Began ‘Begun ee ee ee se = = es ete Si — — Es ee tees Safes Bie : So feet tes — Fal Se fea tee fet Sa —feese —t oe —— ptr — ee Safes tees — hr Sat — a reer one or ote he fe — a iz ot eae se pee Be Be pa ff eres — | es Fr — ae feces —t Sexes — Pos ——— : gy [Stated Sted dar 7 7 Cone a Saer —feamenes — team ete tee ae aS es es ee ae = se ae — : Ses — {ee Serb sree — tet — Fe Stabe ao a Yaa — fries —t aster — Pe BeBe these Tact —fraciss —t earner — pa errant Gast Dad tae —— frases trees — fe Ra ae = Dr [Tried Tried rater ‘Driven ond ee — fe — Hes — 7 rans —fuSsees —t uses — Bile — ts teal he = irae % via a = ae eer — fare a a eee aires ee ee a se, —fwaieg twats pea oe — bear i —tyase! —t was Pass a fs —t wee ato tof a —_ ees —t Wane —Prscrr a COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS ae INFINITIVE [PAST SIMPLE | PAST (EARNING Find. feber o Tener Farrar fea sss — Tp 7 oa : [Bataan re — ter vie fag om (Beat Beat ‘Beaten sear Huet rr SOCIALES: 2Tens feo Keep Regi Ko Sara (Teach —Trangit Tait Tar now —— [Knew roar be COTO [Tat a Learn [eng 7Ceamad sent Laamechorenaer This [That Thai ear saves Lat er Tow ——[Tare Trew roar Tae end Cent ent ar Understand |Undersised | Unaerstoed — rancor tet ct se i Wake [Woke Wokon esperar i: cs ai er Wee [Wer Wor ova puesto Tiga ct tt ner Wt Wt Wat ose Com Lost ror Win Ter Wor rar Mak ade ade 7 WD ni x Mesa ——TMeont Meont fea Mast et Met sonar [Wistake [Weak isten——Fgavoear BIBLIOGRAR HY: [a Pa a Fuchs, Marjorie ond Bonner, Margarot (2006). Focus on ea Pa Pa ger te hiegraid sid eorooe. Write Plane de Bea Fiddler a in Rana Fung 7am Hughes, John, Stephenson, Helin and Ourmet, Paul (2019) Be Fase st Brana ‘Lfe Students Book Elementary. Hampshire, United au Ran Fun Kingdom: National Geographic Learning ee 7 American intematonal organization for cura rlations.and Be sad Sais nde ‘educational opportunities. A registered chariy: 208131 Sond Sent Sent iar 'SC037735 .ntps:llearnenaish biishcoune!. orl st Set St ar Shaka [Shook Sai Woodward Education - All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy| Shine —— [Sone Bit ta TTeims,end Conditions| SiteMap” Last: Updated» 20, Stow [Sioned January 2023 Sig Sang Sung ar [ios oar lined CoitperahivesS bea a t rar sani {ibs nr. vocabufag.eVeoalshweahec nim cap joa tog me boss adar.cfBasiCalours hin ral ral a 7 ‘ip tiuarslonglevotnes him Spear leper Seen faa ‘Murphy, (2015). Escental Grammar in Use Fourth edn. Spel Spe Set re ‘Cambridge: Cambrige University Press. Spend —— [Spent Spent ar Soll Spt Spiled—| Sit Splat = Stand ——|Stocc Sad sar Siar [wor Sor qa Sim ——[Snarn ‘Som z Tak Psat “akon 7 SOCIALES: 30