ExoCarta

ExoCarta is a manually curated database of exosomal

ExoCarta
proteins, RNA and lipids.[1][2]

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in many

Content
and perhaps all biological fluids, including blood, urine, and
cultured medium of cell cultures.[3][4] The reported diameter Description Exosomal proteins,
of exosomes is between 30 and 100  nm, which is larger RNA and lipids
than LDL, but much smaller than for example, red blood database
cells. Exosomes are either released from the cell when Contact
multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane or
Research center La Trobe Institute for
they are released directly from the plasma membrane.[5] It is
becoming increasingly clear that exosomes have specialized Molecular Science
functions and play a key role in, for example, coagulation, Authors Suresh Mathivanan
intercellular signaling, and waste management.[3] Access
Consequently, there is a growing interest in the clinical
applications of exosomes. Exosomes can potentially be used Website http://www.exocarta.org
for prognosis, therapy, and biomarkers for health and
disease.

Bioinformatics analysis of exosomes

Exosomes contain RNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites that is reflective of the cell type of origin. As
exosomes contain numerous bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and
related conjugates, large scale analysis including proteomics and transcriptomics is often performed.[6]
Currently, to analyse these data, non-commercial tools such as FunRich[7] can be used to identify over-
represented groups of molecules.

References
1. Mathivanan, Suresh; Fahner Cassie J; Reid Gavin E; Simpson Richard J (Oct 2011).
"ExoCarta 2012: database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245025). Nucleic Acids Research. 40 (Database issue): D1241–4.
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr828 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkr828). PMC 3245025 (https://w
ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245025). PMID 21989406 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/21989406).
2. Mathivanan S, Simpson RJ (2009). "ExoCarta: A compendium of exosomal proteins and
RNA". Proteomics. 9 (21): 4997–5000. doi:10.1002/pmic.200900351 (https://doi.org/10.100
2%2Fpmic.200900351). PMID 19810033 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19810033).
S2CID 22275212 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22275212).
3. van der Pol E; Böing, AN; Harrison P; Sturk A; Nieuwland R (2012). "Classification,
functions, and clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles". Pharmacol. Rev. 64 (3): 676–705.
doi:10.1124/pr.112.005983 (https://doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.112.005983). PMID 22722893 (htt
ps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22722893). S2CID 7764903 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/C
orpusID:7764903).
 4. Keller S; Sanderson MP; Stoeck A; Altevogt P (2006). "Exosomes: from biogenesis and
secretion to biological function". Immunol. Lett. 107 (2): 102–8.
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2006.09.005 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.imlet.2006.09.005).
PMID 17067686 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17067686).
5. Booth AM; Fang Y; Fallon JK; Yang JM; Hildreth JE; Gould SJ (2006). "Exosomes and HIV
Gag bud from endosome-like domains of the T cell plasma membrane" (https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2063735). J. Cell Biol. 172 (6): 932–935.
doi:10.1083/jcb.200508014 (https://doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.200508014). PMC 2063735 (http
s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2063735). PMID 16533950 (https://pubmed.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/16533950).
6. Rudraprasad, Dhanwini; Rawat, Aadish; Joseph, Joveeta (2022-01-01). "Exosomes,
extracellular vesicles and the eye" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00144
83521004589). Experimental Eye Research. 214: 108892. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2021.108892
(https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.exer.2021.108892). ISSN 0014-4835 (https://www.worldcat.org/
issn/0014-4835). PMID 34896308 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34896308).
S2CID 245028439 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245028439).
7. Pathan, M; Keerthikumar, S; Ang, C. S.; Gangoda, L; Quek, C. Y.; Williamson, N. A.;
Mouradov, D; Sieber, O. M.; Simpson, R. J.; Salim, A; Bacic, A; Hill, A; Stroud, D. A.; Ryan, M.
T.; Agbinya, J. I.; Mariadasson, J. M.; Burgess, A. W.; Mathivanan, S (2015). "Technical brief
funrich: An open access standalone functional enrichment and interaction network analysis
tool". Proteomics. 15 (15): 2597–601. doi:10.1002/pmic.201400515 (https://doi.org/10.100
2%2Fpmic.201400515). PMID 25921073 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25921073).
S2CID 28583044 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28583044).

External links
Official site (http://www.exocarta.org)

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